Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Towson Herrera-Whitley | Judge: Casey
1.) Kritiks
2.) Cps
3.) DAs
4.) Case Args
5.) Topicality

If you have questions
nargoingfar(at)gmail

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wichita State McFarland-ODonnell | Judge: DiPiazza
The aff is a bad joke, with the most seriously face they scream "Targeted killing is slowly but surely turning us into a police state" as if this hasn't characterized this god-forsaken country for the past 300 years - as if this country wasn't already built off of a platform of anti-blackness, as if merely extending the category of the human enlightenment subject is sufficient to pave over centuries of exploitation . Wake up.
Rodriguez ’11 Dylan, PhD in Ethnic Studies Program of the University of California Berkeley and Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of California Riverside, “The Black Presidential Non-Slave: Genocide and the Present Tense of Racial Slavery”, Political Power and Social Theory Vol. 22, pp. 38-43
To crystallize what I hope to be the potentially useful implications of this provocation toward
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people are incarcerated with the overwhelming consent of white/multiculturalist civil society.
Anti-Blackness structurally underpins all forms of violence. While racialized violence is still a daily reality for people caught in the position of the slave, the rhetoric of “oppression” or “exploitation” alone asks only how we might redeem this failed American experiment.   There is no analogy for the structural suffering of the slave, meaning the starting point for any authentic engagement with social violence must begin with the creation of the anti-human and anti-beautiful void known as Blackness.
Pak 12 (Yumi, PhD in literature from UC-San Diego, “Outside Relationality: Autobiographical Deformations and the Literary Lineage of Afro-pessimism in 20th and 21st Century African American Literature,” Dissertation through Proquest)
Because the four authors I examine focus intensively on untangling and retangling the nexus of
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blackness as being absent in the dialectic, as “anti-Human.”

Our advocacy is the death of America, and the life of the slave.
Wilderson 7 Frank B. Assistant professor of African American Studies and Drama at UC Irvine “The Prison Slave as Hegemony’s (Silent) Scandal,” Warfare in the American Homeland Policing in a Penal
The value of reintroducing the unthought category of the slave, by way of noting
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to its assumptive, foundational logic, to threaten civil societys discursive integrity?

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Emory DK | Judge: Buntin
Apocalyptic predictions make serial policy failure and rushing into things inevitable
Kurasawa 4 – Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight”, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, http://www.yorku.ca/kurasawa/Kurasawa20Articles/Constellations20Article.pdf
Up to this point, I have tried to demonstrate that transnational socio-political
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well suited to grounding these tasks: the precautionary principle and global justice.
Their use of fear is a conservative tactic that nullifies dissent to fulfill the state’s and market’s end goal.  
Livingston ‘12 – Assistant prof of Government @ Cornell, post-doctoral fellow in the department of Political Science @ Johns Hopkins University, doctoral fellow at the Centre for Ethics at the University of Toronto (Alexander, Avoiding Deliberative Democracy? Micropolitics, Manipulation, and the Public Sphere, Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 45, No. 3 (2012), pp. 269-294, Project MUSE)
Deliberative democracy is a fantasy, and a dangerous one at that. A politics
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the others, before resonating in a great, generalized central black hole.

Tournament: Texas | Round: 5 | Opponent: Georgia Hebbale-Khanna | Judge: Buntin
Apocalyptic predictions make serial policy failure inevitable
Kurasawa 4 – Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight”, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, http://www.yorku.ca/kurasawa/Kurasawa20Articles/Constellations20Article.pdf
Up to this point, I have tried to demonstrate that transnational socio-political
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well suited to grounding these tasks: the precautionary principle and global justice. 

Their epistemology is bankrupt - global warming will not cause extinction and framing it as a cataclysmic event empowers skeptics, turns the case.
Adam 2009 (David, "'Apocalyptic climate predictions' mislead the public, say experts" http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/feb/11/climate-change-misleading-claims)
Experts at Britain's top climate research centre have launched a blistering attack on scientific colleagues
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when officials will try to hammer out a successor to the Kyoto protocol.

Even if the rational arguments in favor of the plan are logical, the representations of apocalypse colonize the debate towards pressure for fast invasion and warmongering
Goodnight 2010 (G. Thomas Goodnight is Professor and Director of Doctoral Studies at the Annenberg School for Communication, the University of Southern California in Los Angeles; "The Metapolitics of the 2002 Iraq Debate: Public Policy and the Network Imaginary", Rhetoric and Public Affairs Volume 13, Number 1, Spring 2010)
Opponents of the Democratic Party argued the risks of war, but their pragmatic policy
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security spread and interlock to haunt twenty-first-century network imaginaries.
The alternative is to reject the apocalyptic frames of the 1AC
Framing global warming in apocalyptic turns causes elite takeover and diminishes agency, exacerbating the problem.  Spaces like debate are critical to examining the discourse used to motivate action against global warming - what happens here matters more than the potential for the plan.
Foust and Murphy 2009 (Christina R. Foust is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Human Communication Studies at the University of Denver. William O’Shannon Murphy is a doctoral student in the Department of Human Communication Studies at the University of Denver. "Revealing and Reframing Apocalyptic Tragedy in Global Warming Discourse" , Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture, 3:2, 151-167 )
Along with supporting diverse sites of human agency, rhetors may want to avoid the
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narrative from an apocalyptic tragedy to a more comic telos for humanity.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: Baylor Montgomery-Stump | Judge: Gliniecki
Did you know somebody could have poisoned your corn-flakes this morning? The affirmative represents the ultimate culmination in paranoia induced politics - it is literally not worth the effort to vote for the aff.
Gartzke 12 - Associate Professor of Political Science at University of California San Diego (Erik, http://dss.ucsd.edu/~egartzke/papers/cyberwar_12062012.pdf, December 7th 2012, The Myth of Cyberwar Bringing War on the Internet Back Down to Earth)
The notion that cyberspace is a new domain where old rules don't apply and where
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, I turn next to an analysis of the nature of terrestrial warfare.

No, cyber weapons are just an added augment to existing capabilities, they do not change geostrategic calculus - they conflate intent with capabilities.
Gartzke 12 - Associate Professor of Political Science at University of California San Diego (Erik, http://dss.ucsd.edu/~egartzke/papers/cyberwar_12062012.pdf, December 7th 2012, The Myth of Cyberwar Bringing War on the Internet Back Down to Earth)
A blitz of media, punditry and public pronouncements inform interested observers and policy makers
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yet another set of technologies that extend existing disparities in power and influence.

The impact is pure war which results in psychological violence and the potential for lashout. Our alternative is not an advocacy but an argument about investing meaning in the ballot, you should vote for the status quo and refuse the affirmative's fear mongering.
Borg 2003 (Mark; PhD in psychoanalysis, practicing psychoanalyst and community/organizational consultant working in New York City. He is a graduate of the William Alanson White Institute's psychoanalytic certification program and continues his candidacy in their organizational dynamics program. He is co-founder and executive director of the Community Consulting Group, "Psychoanalytic Pure War: Interactions with the Post-Apocalyptic Unconscious": JPCS: Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring 2003, MUSE)
Paul Virilio and Sylvere Lotringer’s concept of “pure war” refers to the potential
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preparation for absolute destruction and for personal, social, and cultural death.

Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 6 | Opponent: Louisville Tolbert-Wheat | Judge: Green
The 1AC declares the United States federal government to be iredeemable, while this may be a new position, I recall from my own history a similar story that goes by a different name. There is a danger that this politics results in perpetual victimization that mimics the ontology of the State of Israel - the impact is a repetition of fascism, a dehistoricizing of violence, and an insensitivity to suffering.
Lerman 9 -  (Anthony, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/must-jews-always-see-themselves-as-victims-1639277.html, March 7th 2009)
In the wake of Israel's attack on Gaza, eager voices are telling us that
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of thinking that there is something unique about Jewish suffering. There isn't.

Our alternative is a politics of bereavement. Only this seeking which recognizes ongoing injustice but centers around grievablity and morning and a commitment to the future is a productive method to resolves the aff and other instances of violence.
Weisband 9
EDWARD, PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE @ VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY AND STATE UNIVERSITY, ALTERNATIVES, NO. 34, “ON THE APORETIC BORDERLINES OF FORGIVENESS: BEREAVEMENT AS A POLITICAL FORM,” PG. 359-381)   
Rituals of forgiveness provide emotional outlets for those compelled to find a way to continue
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human sentiment, ideology, and/or political and social identity constructions.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Houston Asgari-Tari-Bockmon | Judge: Moore
US de-nuclearization policy is used to justify coercive and aggressive actions designed to preserve US dominance.  The affirmative empowers that dominance and is the only means of justifying nuclear war
BondGraham and Parrish 9 (Darwin BondGraham is a sociologist who lives and works in New Orleans, Phd candidate at UC Santa Barbera. Will Parrish is an anti-imperialist organizer and scholar living in northern California: "Anti-nuclear Nuclearism", http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/5782)
The Obama administration is likely to continue a policy that we call “anti-
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the anti-nuclear nuclearists the first and foremost problem of the nuclear age

The 1AC is indoctrination into the cult of the bomb - the impact is endless suffering and warfare. Our alternative is to refuse their nuclear numbing.
Chernus 86 (Ira, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, UC Boulder, Dr. Strangegod: On the Symbolic Meaning of Nuclear Weapons, p 136-140)
The similarities between the Bomb and other religious realities tell us part of what we
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toward numbing, and numbing reinforces our commitment to the Bomb as God.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rochester Abubakare-Lim | Judge: Fifelski
The 1AC's approach to those of disability is to bring them into the fold, to challenge the notion of society that allows their exclusion in the first place - this approach re-entrenches a notion of productivity and denies difference.
Gullì 10 (Bruno, philosophy at Long Island University, “Sovereign, Productive, and Efficient: The Place of Disability in the Ableist Society” in “Earthly Plentitudes: A Study of Sovereignty and Labor,” 2010, p.132-155)
She reviews various critiques of equality before speaking of the dependency critique. They are
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- together- with (innerworldly beings encountered)” (1996a: 180). 

The drive of Productivity is the Basis for massive violence.
Alan Stoekl, professor of French and comparative literature at Penn State University, Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion and Postsustainability, 2007 (Pg 44 – 46)
Bataille does, then, implicitly face the question of carrying capacity. Perhaps the
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and hence, perhaps, the world’s (but not modernity’s) survival.
The Alternative Is To Sacrifice Ability – Living In The Disabled World Is A Strategy To Disrupt Productivity And Rupture The System That Creates Their Impacts.
Gullì 10 (Bruno, philosophy at Long Island University, “Sovereign, Productive, and Efficient: The Place of Disability in the Ableist Society” in “Earthly Plentitudes: A Study of Sovereignty and Labor,” 2010, p.132-155)

In his book on queerness and disability, McRuer offers a critique of productivity as
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-” of its disunity, and bears witness to, the most extreme.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Weber State Alvarado-Hendrix | Judge: Dunn, KOSLOW, Symonds
Borders are static, for who?? The 1AC is engaged in an act of forgetting and it is this act of forgetting which underpins the limitations of their political project. Borders are not static for transnational capitalism.
Vandenberghe 2008 (Frédéric Vandenberghe, Deleuzian capitalism, Philosophy Social Criticism 2008; 34; 877, vol 34 no 8 • pp. 877–903, Sage Publications)

The basic principle of rhizomatic sociology is that society is always en fuite, always
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inspired by surrealism and the ‘masters of suspicion’ (Marx, Freud and

This politics of mobility underscores the modern capitalism of endless smooth space.
Diken and Lausten 1 (Bülent Diken, lecturer in Sociology at Lancaster University, and Carsten Bagge Laustsen, Ph.D. student at the University of Copenhagen, Department of Political Sciences, http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/papers/Diken-Laustsen-Enjoy-Your-Fight.pdf)
The de-traditionalized, increasingly reflexive individuals no longer have ready-made symbolic
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behind the mask by shifting between idiosyncratic hobbies (Žižek 1999: 373).

Ever since the border was created Mexican immigrants have been allowed into the State for the purpose of providing cheap and expendable labor
Bach 78
(Robert L, former director of the Global Inclusion Division of the Rockefeller Foundation, “Mexican Immigration and the American State,” International Migration Review, Winter 1978, JSTOR)
The rise of the liberal state at the national level   corresponds   to the rapid incorporation
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clearly   opposed   extensions after the War   (American Federation of Labor, 1920)

Capitalism results in incalculable atrocities - this structural violence outweighs.
Herod 7 (James, Columbia U graduate and political activist, “Getting Free” Pg. 22-23 JF)
We must never forget that we are at war, however, and that we
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Hun look like boy scouts. This is a terrible enemy we face. 

Instead of critiquing borders, we must create borders of our own - voting negative endorses the political project of the commons: this is a space which renders law inoperable and challenges the ability for the state to conduct the tactics of policing the 1ac outlines. The commons borders are static because they refuse to be subverted by Capitalism, but they are open to the weary - means we solve the aff.
De Lucia 13 -  Doctoral Research Fellow at the Faculty of Law, University of Tromsø, Norway. (Vito, 5th August 2013, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/08/05/law-as-insurgent-critique-the-perspective-of-the-commons-in-italy/)
The financial crisis and the subsequent series of austerity measures have prompted fierce resistance in
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language, becomes insurrection, and operates as both theoretical and embodied critique.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Peters
1.) The Maoist Turn:
a.) How progressive of you, right on! the 1AC is apt in describing the ethical injustice of indefinite detention, but leaves out how it is pertinent FOR THEM - this destroys their solvency and the potential for coalitions.
Halberstam 13 - Professor of English and Director of The Center for Feminist Research at University of Southern California. (Jack, http://www.minorcompositions.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/undercommons-web.pdf, The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study) -modified
These kinds of examples get to the heart of Moten and Harney’s world of the
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another collaborative unit of study) call “no church in the wild.”

b.) Absent this discussion, the affirmative occupies the position of the Maoist - the impact is imperialism and a reproduction of the harms of the 1ac.
the Rey Chow, Comparative Literature—Brown University, 1993
Writing Diaspora, p. 15-16
The Orientalist has a special sibling whom I will, in order to highlight her
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puritanical alternative to the West in human form—a dream come true.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Towson Herrera-Whitley | Judge: Casey
The 1AC positions itself from a position of powerlessness, do not buy their claims of militancy, at the end of the day their identify and politics are reactionary - concerned with challenging executive authority rather than making the past an outrage to the present - the impact is resentment.
Dawson 13 - John D. MacArthur Professor of Political Science and the College at the University of Chicago (Michael C., http://www.salon.com/2013/07/07/whats_next_for_the_black_left/, 7/7/13, Whats Next for the Black Left?)

1. Barbara Ehrenreich's and Derrick Muhammad's work on the racial realities of the economic
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   degenerate state of American politics to a politics that is more truly democratic.

What do I have to gain from burning all this shit down? This is perhaps a difficult question to answer but it is not impossible, to an extent it is also unavodiable. Here I am, Andy in the back of the room may not identify as white but I am sure he has been approached as such - your politics must not burn bridges, they should build them.
Dawson 13 - John D. MacArthur Professor of Political Science and the College at the University of Chicago (Michael C., http://www.salon.com/2013/07/07/whats_next_for_the_black_left/, 7/7/13, Whats Next for the Black Left?)
At the beginning of this book I invoked David Scott's rejection of the romantic narrative
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that they see it as in their interest to ally with nonwhite Americans.

Coalition building must begin from the perspective that we all are dying - perhaps at different rates, but at a comparable velocity none the less.
Halberstam 13 - Professor of English and Director of The Center for Feminist Research at University of Southern California. (Jack, http://www.minorcompositions.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/undercommons-web.pdf, The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study)
These kinds of examples get to the heart of Moten and Harney’s world of the
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another collaborative unit of study) call “no church in the wild.”

Commitment to meaningful work that makes our lives flourish matter.
Dawson 13 - John D. MacArthur Professor of Political Science and the College at the University of Chicago (Michael C., http://www.salon.com/2013/07/07/whats_next_for_the_black_left/, 7/7/13, Whats Next for the Black Left?)
4. We have to renew our commitment to the value of meaningful work that
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, and a bit random not just about tasks but about making worlds.

The 1NC represents the ultimate culmination of distancing the everyday lived experience from emancipatory politics - our alternative is to re-energize the politics of everyday existence.
Nadia C 7 (November 9th, 2007, http://www.crimethinc.com/texts/selected/asfuck.php)
Face it, your politics are boring as fuck. You know it's true.
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syndicalist," that's not going to accomplish shit, and you know it.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 7 | Opponent: Michigan State Caporal-Zemel | Judge: Munday
The 1AC’s
“linear logic, which suggests that if Activity A is done, Output B will result, leading to Outcome C and Impact D.” paving over interactions between dozens of predictions—But THE WHOLE IS MORE THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS
Ramalingam et al 8 (Ben, Senior Research Associate at the Overseas Development Institute,  and Harry jones at ODI, "Exploring the science of complexity" http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/833.pdf)
Concept 4: Nonlinearity5 ‘... the darkest corner of science is the realm
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be seen as a complex urban system made up of the following variables:

Our alternative is to interrogate the scholarship of the 1ac - the method of evidence selection used by the 1AC makes effective debate impossible
Stevens 2007 (Alex Stevens, Senior Researcher-European Institute of Social Services, School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, Keynes College, University of Kent, “Survival of the Ideas that Fit: An Evolutionary Analogy for the Use of Evidence in Policy” Social Policy and Society 6:1, 25–35)
The proposed evolutionary analogy goes beyond the political/tactical model by also helping to
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it less likely that superior explanations and solutions will be put into practice.

Tournament: UTD | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Kansas Owen-Getto | Judge: Kurr, Reed, Taylor
The affirmative screams for the "deconstruction of Indefinite Detainment " - this is not an accidental word choice, it is intentional. Peppered through the 1AC is a vision of America, a vision of the prison industry essentially the same and timeless- a blot on their conscience that 'emerged' 300 years ago - this is what they mean by desconstruction - they reduce suffering to a timeless state, and imprison all of us into no-place. They rob the critique of any material praxis or historical meaning.   
Spanos 93 (William V., Heidegger and Criticism, p. 121-123)
Derrida's differance "without positive terms" reveals its historically specific origins in the cultural
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Derrida's (and de Man's) pyrotechnical interpretive practice is willing to dance.

Having deliberately removed the entire question of temporality, the aff's methodological gesture erases the ontological positioning of difference in favor of a linguistic focus on differance. This legitimizes American exceptionalism.
Pease 93 (Donald, Heidegger and Criticism, Foreward, 1993)
Spanos's recollection of the Vietnam controversy thus enabled him to contrast Davidson's appropriation of the
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time of Heidegger's wartime writings, would have rendered him immune to Nazism.

The impact is genocide against the Other, and a huge turn to the aff.
Spanos 2K (William, Prof of English and Comparative Literature at Binghamton University, America’s Shadow, pg 141-144)
With this symbolic denouement, the “wound” suffered by “America” has
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term labor to hegemonize a demonic representation of this (self-)disclosure. 

The alternative is Heideggerian destruction. We advocate the DESTRUCTION of status quo indefinite detention! Heideggerian destruction retrieves the question of temporality and better attends to the present. Our destructive approach does not textualize or depoliticize difference but attends to difference as one site along a continuum of being.
Spanos 93 (William V., Heidegger and Criticism, p. 82-84)
In what follows, I intend to explore some important aspects of this critical oversight
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) of several instances in an indissoluble relay encom¬passing the totality of being.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 6 | Opponent: Central Oklahoma Vance-Yost | Judge: loghry
The 1AC’s pedagogy over-focuses on the damages of colonialism and the oppressed status of the indigenous – this shuts off any resistant value that their project may have – voting negative to reject their damage-narratives endorses a pedagogy of desire that is more liberatory
Tuck 9 – State University of New York
(Eve, “Suspending Damage: A Letter to Communities”, Harvard Educational Review Vol. 79 No. 3 Fall 2009, dml)
Some scholars have built their careers around producing damage narratives of tribalized and detribalized peoples
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particularly women who are poor and of color. (p. 11) 

Research centered at the subjugation of the oppressed increases colonization.  Identity is reduced to a people’s who identity is centered in lacking wholeness
Tuck and Yang ’14 – A. Prof of Educational Foundations @ State U. of New York at New Paltz  and A. Prof in Ethnic Studies @ U.C. San Diego ( Eve and K. Wayne, “ R-Words: Refusing Research”, Humanizing Research, p.226-231JC )
Similarly, at the center of the analysis in this chapter is a concern with
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Only speak your pain” (hooks, 1990, p. 343).

We must reject the affirmative as an example of Pain-centered research.  The alternative of desire-based research solves the case and avoids the pitfall of pain-centered research
Tuck and Yang ’14 – A. Prof of Educational Foundations @ State U. of New York at New Paltz  and A. Prof in Ethnic Studies @ U.C. San Diego ( Eve and K. Wayne, “ R-Words: Refusing Research”, Humanizing Research, p.226-231JC )

Craig Gingrich-Philbrook (2005) articulates a related critique of autoethnography, positioning
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. 14). Desire interrupts this metanarrative of damaged communities and White progress.

Tournament: Districts 3 | Round: 5 | Opponent: Houston Rajwani-Lanning | Judge: Fifelski
The 1AC's research scholarship represents a continual regurgitation and fixation on presenting Native communities as damaged. There is nothing unique about this oversaturated scholarship, it reproduces colonialism and disempowers Native communities.
Tuck and Yang 14 - *Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Coordinator of Native American Studies at the State University of New York, Assistant Professor in Ethnic Studies, Ph.D., 2004, Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley (Tuck, E. and Yang, K.W. (2014). R-words: Refusing research. In D. Paris and M. T. Winn (Eds.) Humanizing research: Decolonizing qualitative inquiry with youth and communities (pp. 223-248). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage Publications, https://faculty.newpaltz.edu/evetuck/files/2013/12/Tuck-and-Yang-R-Words_Refusing-Research.pdf.)
Elsewhere, Eve (Tuck, 2009, 2010) has argued that educational research
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Only speak your pain” (hooks, 1990, p. 343).

You have engaged in role confusion - we aren't litigators putting the world on trial, voting affirmative will never result in an actual crippling the president's war powers, nor will it resolve the affirmative's questions of accessibility -  we are academics. All the 1ac leaves us with is damage, and in doing so they serve as an advertisement for Colonial violence. The time for damage narratives are over, prefer desire.
Tuck 9 - *Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Coordinator of Native American Studies at the State University of New York
 (Eve, “Suspending Damage: A Letter to Communities”, Harvard Educational Review Vol. 79 No. 3 Fall 2009, http://pages.ucsd.edu/~rfrank/class_web/ES-114A/Week204/TuckHEdR79-3.pdf)
 Some scholars have built their careers around producing damage narratives of tribalized and detribalized
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particularly women who are poor and of color. (p. 11) 

Our alternative is desired-centered research. It is not about denying tragedy or 'seeing the bright side', but rather tends to the complexity of lived experience to allow disabled bodies to write their own history. This is a prior-framing question because it highlights what it means to engage in crip research.
Tuck and Yang 14 - *Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Coordinator of Native American Studies at the State University of New York, Assistant Professor in Ethnic Studies, Ph.D., 2004, Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley (Tuck, E. and Yang, K.W. (2014). R-words: Refusing research. In D. Paris and M. T. Winn (Eds.) Humanizing research: Decolonizing qualitative inquiry with youth and communities (pp. 223-248). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage Publications, https://faculty.newpaltz.edu/evetuck/files/2013/12/Tuck-and-Yang-R-Words_Refusing-Research.pdf.)
Alongside analyses of pain and damage-centered research, Eve (Tuck 2009,
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. 14). Desire interrupts this metanarrative of damaged communities and White progress.

Do not be confused, this does not mean we cannot deal with the nitty-gritty of Ableism, rather a focus on desire challenges at a more fundamental level the way that history has victimized whole populations.
Tuck and Yang 14 - *Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Coordinator of Native American Studies at the State University of New York, Assistant Professor in Ethnic Studies, Ph.D., 2004, Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley (Tuck, E. and Yang, K.W. (2014). R-words: Refusing research. In D. Paris and M. T. Winn (Eds.) Humanizing research: Decolonizing qualitative inquiry with youth and communities (pp. 223-248). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage Publications, https://faculty.newpaltz.edu/evetuck/files/2013/12/Tuck-and-Yang-R-Words_Refusing-Research.pdf.)
Said another way, the academy as an apparatus of settler colonial knowledge already domesticates
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. Read this way, desire expands personal as well as collective praxis.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 2 | Opponent: Missouri - Kansas City Jones-Cuellar | Judge: Harris
The 1AC represents a strategy of lawfare - using the law as a means to legitimize and justify an ever-expanding and authoritarian system of violence.
John Morrissey 11, Lecturer in Political and Cultural Geography, National University of Ireland, Galway; has held visiting research fellowships at University College Cork, City University of New York, Virginia Tech and the University of Cambridge. Liberal Lawfare and Biopolitics: US Juridical Warfare in the War on Terror, Geopolitics, Volume 16, Issue 2, 2011
Foucault’s envisioning of a more governmentalized and securitized modernity, framed by a ubiquitous architecture
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juridically secure the necessary legal geographies and biopolitics of its overseas ground presence.

The impact is militarism - turns and outweighs the aff
Smith 2 – prof of phil @ U of South Florida
(Thomas, International Studies Quarterly 46, The New Law of War: Legitimizing Hi-Tech and Infrastructural Violence)
The role of military lawyers in all this has, according to one study,
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construed, hopes of rescuing law from politics will be dim indeed. '
?
Our alternative is to shake out the rug from under the 1ac's mode of legal analysis - our critique must begin outside of the law, not on its terms.
Singer 84  - Associate Professor of Law (Joseph William Singer, Associate Professor of Law at Boston University, 1984, “The Player and the Cards: Nihilism and Legal Theory,” Yale Law Journal (94 Yale L.J. 1)
What shall we do then about legal theory? I think we should abandon the
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live together. We are going to have to answer that question ourselves.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Emory DK | Judge: Buntin
The affirmative represents a strategy of lip service restraint re-affirms executive power granting legitimacy to sovereign manipulation of law
 Posner and Vermeule 10   Eric A. Posner Kirkland and Ellis Distinguished Service Professor of Law AND Adrian Vermeule Jr. Professor of Law at Harvard Law School “The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic”, Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA, 2010 Questia pp 3-5
Some commentators argue that the federal courts have taken over Congress’s role as aninstitutional check
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the crisis except to ratify executive actions in tension with the law.2and#39;
The justifications for restrictions presuppose that the suspension of legal rights is the exception and not the rule - leads to legal black holes that subject us to the state of exception
Fabbri 9 Lorenzo Fabbri PhD in Romance Studies, professor of Italian @ University of Minnesota –areas of research Biopolitics, Continental Philosphy, Humanities, Italian Studies, Critical Theory, Film Studies, and Post-Colonial Studies ¶ “Chronotopologies of the Exception: Agamben and Derrida before the Camps”¶ Diacritics, Volume 39, Number 3, Fall 2009, pp. 77-95 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press
I begin with Bruce Ackerman who in “The Emergency Constitution” tried to demarcate
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-juridical spaces that might function as real ¶ exceptions to sovereign power.
The 1ac concerns itself with appearance and the spectacle of the law - this legitimizes state violence.
Giorgio Agamben 2000 Phd., Baruch Spinoza Chair at European Graduate School EGS, is a professor of aesthetics at the University of Verona, Italy and teaches philosophy at the Collège International de Philosophie in Paris and at the University of Macerata in Italy “Means Without End: Notes on Politics”, p. 93-95)
Because human beings neither are nor have to be any essence, any nature,
AND
media, while a new class of bureaucrats jealously watches over its management.
This presentation of legitimacy continues crumbling the distinction between democracy and totalitarianism and reinforces death-centered thanatopolitics - the impact is genocide on the global scale.
Hall 7 Lindsay Anne Hall MA Political Science “Death, Power, and the Body: A Bio-political Analysis of Death and Dying” May 7, 2007 (Research paper presented to faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)¶ http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05152007-134833/unrestricted/etd.pdf
Agamben, on the other hand, addresses the intertwinement of medicine, death,
AND
center on an engagement with what ¶ about life is really worth preserving.
Our alternative is to shake out the rug from under the 1acand#39;s mode of legal analysis - this is preferable to actualizing new and less oppressive societal formulations.
Singer 84  - Associate Professor of Law (Joseph William Singer, Associate Professor of Law at Boston University, 1984, “The Player and the Cards: Nihilism and Legal Theory,” Yale Law Journal (94 Yale L.J. 1)
What shall we do then about legal theory? I think we should abandon the
AND
live together. We are going to have to answer that question ourselves.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northern Iowa Shew-Simonson | Judge: Cook
If there is something to be read from the 1AC, it is that they are critical of the way 9/11 has become, for them, exemplary of a politics of exclusion. There is a danger in this singular reading of 9/11 - it reproduces the logic of the "meta-narrative" which closes off dissent and reinscribes binary oppositions.
Bond 8 - Masters in Cultural Memory (Lucy, MA Cultural Memory Master’s Thesis @ Goldsmiths University of London Department of English and Comparative Literature—Under Dr. Rick Crownshaw, Lecturer in English @ Goldsmiths University of London Department of English and Comparative Literature, September 15, 2008, “Full of Sound and Fury, Signifying Nothing: How is 9/11’s memorial culture reflective of a crisis in representation that has endangered limiting templates of remembrance?,” sas-space.sas.ac.uk/1793/)
In both of these interpretations, the “experience” of 9/11 has
AND
of discourse, that do not allow any opportunity for dissent or critique.

The aff is a strategy of mythologization - reducing the complexity of 9/11 to a plug-and-play narrative - this is a strategy which allowed social forces to shift a view of 9/11 as a historical event and replaces it for the thing itself - the object of analysis- . This makes true mourning and grievability impossible, which is our alternative. this politics of grievability is key to maintain a critical distance that subverts the closure of American politics which has produced the impacts the aff isolates.
Bond 8 - Masters in Cultural Memory (Lucy, MA Cultural Memory Master’s Thesis @ Goldsmiths University of London Department of English and Comparative Literature—Under Dr. Rick Crownshaw, Lecturer in English @ Goldsmiths University of London Department of English and Comparative Literature, September 15, 2008, “Full of Sound and Fury, Signifying Nothing: How is 9/11’s memorial culture reflective of a crisis in representation that has endangered limiting templates of remembrance?,” sas-space.sas.ac.uk/1793/)
This demonstrates the close interrelation of the entire commemorative process across the political, mediatised
AND
assumption of limiting templates of remembrance that engender a narrow and introspective vision.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Samford Bennie-Morrison-Alvarez | Judge: Short
The 1ac conflates 'life' with 'organism' - this perpetuates the biological fallacy. Only by shifting to an object-oriented-ontology can we resist the impulses toward anthropocentrism and the destruction of the biosphere.
Rowe 96 — Stan Rowe, Professor Emeritus at the University of Saskatchewan, 1996 (“From Shallow To Deep Ecological Philosophy,” Trumpeter, Volume 13, Number 1, Available Online at fhttp://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/278/413, Accessed 07-26-2011)
Organisms can be “alive” one moment and “dead” the next with
AND
, because the destruction of ecosystems severs the very roots of evolutionary creativity. 

Their metric of relating to the suffering of animals guarantees their destruction.
Introna 10 (LUCAS, PROFESSOR OF ORGANIZATION, TECHNOLOGY, AND ETHICS @ LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, AI and SOC, 2010, VOL. 25, “THE ‘MEASURE OF A MAN’ AND THE ETHOS OF HOSPITALITY: TOWARDS AN ETHICAL DWELLING WITH TECHNOLOGY,” PG. 93-102)
Instead of creating value systems in our own self-image, the absolute otherness
AND
have nothing in common (Lingis 1994). Is such a community possible?

Tournament: UNT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Texas Jones-Fung | Judge: Van Luvanee
To Grasp at Being the 1AC relies on a notion of DASEIN propelled by a being toward death - this is an egotistical ontology that denies relationships toward otherness.
Bryant 12 - Professor of Philosophy at Collin College (Levi R., Author of a number of articles on Deleuze, Badiou, Zizek, Lacan, and political theory, October 18th, 2012, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/10/18/living-from-death-on-eating/)
In the open to Process and Reality, Whitehead writes that, All relatedness has
AND
produce absolute death or the utter annihilation of that from which we live.

Specificly, we critique their notion of ever grasping at 'Being' and their impulse to exclude the drone and the coming 'singularity'. The impact is denial of Otherness which also constitutes a denial of the self - its the biggest impact in the round.
Introna 10 (LUCAS, PROFESSOR OF ORGANIZATION, TECHNOLOGY, AND ETHICS @ LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, AI and SOC, 2010, VOL. 25, “THE ‘MEASURE OF A MAN’ AND THE ETHOS OF HOSPITALITY: TOWARDS AN ETHICAL DWELLING WITH TECHNOLOGY,” PG. 93-102)
Instead of creating value systems in our own self-image, the absolute otherness
AND
have nothing in common (Lingis 1994). Is such a community possible?

Also turns the case.
Introna 10
(LUCAS, PROFESSOR OF ORGANIZATION, TECHNOLOGY, AND ETHICS @ LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, AI and SOC, 2010, VOL. 25, “THE ‘MEASURE OF A MAN’ AND THE ETHOS OF HOSPITALITY: TOWARDS AN ETHICAL DWELLING WITH TECHNOLOGY,” PG. 93-102)
In the first, more traditional sense, I mean the values and interests built
AND
own terms the very concealing of other possibilities for being itself becomes concealed. 

Decay and change is the Ontologial condition or both life and non-life, our alternative is a flat plane ontology which recognizes how becoming is always a process. An ontology is only as good as the ethics it produces, if we prove that their ontology denies the possibility for an ethical encounter with the Other, you should vote negative instantly.
Clark 10
(NIGEL, SENIOR LECTURER IN GEOGRAPHY @ OPEN UNIVERSITY, UK, PARALLAX, VOL. 16, NO. 1, OPEN RESEARCH ONLINE, “EX-ORBITANT GENEROSITY: GIFTS OF LOVE IN A COLD COSMOS,” HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/DOI:10.1080/13534640903478809, PG. 80-95)
In this way, desire or love is becoming, and generosity is generativity -
AND
turning away has a defining quality. If not us, then who?

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: Irvine Perez-Andrade | Judge: Fanning
The aff reduces class analysis to a "one of many" in difference politics - this rhetorical strategy ignores the structural productions of the very forces they criticize.
-Plurality
-Social Production of Difference
-Relations of Production b4 Discourse
McLaren and D'Anniable 4 -  (Peter, Valerie Scatamburlo, Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2004, © 2004 Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia April 2004, Class Dismissed? Historical materialism and the politics of ‘difference)
Eager to take a wide detour around political economy, post-Marxists tend to
AND
organization and processes, and in the way labor is valued and renumerated. 

Capitalism results in incalculable atrocities - this structural violence outweighs.
Herod 7 (James, Columbia U graduate and political activist, “Getting Free” Pg. 22-23 JF)
We must never forget that we are at war, however, and that we
AND
Hun look like boy scouts. This is a terrible enemy we face. 

Our alternative is to return the priority of political contestation to class. The aim of our alternative makes the production of social relations, capitalism and class, the starting point for resistance and criticism.
McLaren and D'Anniable 4 -  (Peter, Valerie Scatamburlo, Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2004, © 2004 Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia April 2004, Class Dismissed? Historical materialism and the politics of ‘difference)
The real problem is the internal or dialectical relation that exists between capital and labor
AND
capitalist society in order to resist white supremacist capitalist patriarchy more fully.7

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 8 | Opponent: Samford Carley-Higgins | Judge: Gonzalez
Their endorsement of technostrategic discourse results in a sanitization of atrocities and disempowers everyday citizens.
Cohn 87 (Carol Cohn, Director of the Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, 87, BULLETIN OF ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, JUNE, VOLUME 43, pp. 17–24, http://www.buildfreedom.com/tl/tl07aa.shtml) NAR
IT DID NOT TAKE LONG to learn the language of nuclear war and much of
AND
abstractness of the entire conception system makes descriptive language utterly beside the point. 

The end result of their endorsement of technostrategic discourse is a system of nuclearism which results in global war and destroys value to life.
Chernus 86 (Ira, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, UC Boulder, Dr. Strangegod: On the Symbolic Meaning of Nuclear Weapons, p 136-140)
The similarities between the Bomb and other religious realities tell us part of what we
AND
toward numbing, and numbing reinforces our commitment to the Bomb as God.

Tournament: Texas | Round: 8 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Dunn
The affirmative plays into the linguistic style of modernity - celebrating their singularity but couching it in terms of a much larger and universal singularity. This not "THEIR" being, it is merely linguistic being.
Agamben 93 - Political Theorist (Giorgio, 1993, The Coming Community, p. 16-18)
THE ANTINOMY of the individual and the universal has its origin in language. The
AND
, assistants or 'toons, they are the exemplars of the coming community.

An identity tossed away, excluded from contemporary discourse - told it is worthless - the affirmative's response is that of petty bourgeoisie, to scream one more time that they are special, that they matter - they search endlessly for the product they have seen on advertisements but will never find - the impact is extinction and the impossibility of solving impending global problems.
Agamben 93 - Political Theorist (Giorgio, 1993, The Coming Community, p. 70- 72)
IF WE had once again to conceive of the fortunes of humanity in terms of
AND
that communicates only itself-this is the political task of our generation.

Instead of their identiy pho-politics you should endorse our concept of whatever singularity - who you are as a person is impossible to reduce to any single strand or thought and to do so would be completely reductionist. Identity is not a limit, it is a threshold.
Agamben 93 - Political Theorist (Giorgio, 1993, The Coming Community, p. 72-75)
WHATEVER IS the figure of pure singularity. Whatever singularity has no identity, it
AND
stasis is the gift that singularity gathers from the empty hands of humanity.

We understand how the notion of whatever being may seem impossible at a glance, but isn't everything: that we will ever solve for global warming, poverty, hunger, exclusion? Fidelity to the idea of equality is a war and this round is a battlefield - signing your ballot negative means that this battle has already been won.
Badiou 10  - Professor at European Graduate School (Alain Badiou, “The Idea of Communism,” pages 245-260)
So we can now return to our subject, the communist Idea. If,
AND
third era of this Idea's existence. We can, so we must. 

The affirmative plays into the hands of Americanness - advertently affirming a paradigm which underpins the structures of assimilation and exclusion - the alt is a preferable strategy for those that occupy the position of the oppressed.
Shimakawa 4 (Karen Shimakawa¶ Ph.D., English Literature, University of Washington, M.A., English Literature, University of Virginia, J.D., 1989; University of California, Hastings College of the Law, B.A., English Literature, University of California, Berkeley---Asian American performance/cultural studies; critical race theory; transnational/diaspora studies; intercultural performance.Fellowships/Honors: University of California Humanities Research Institute Convener/Fellow (Transnationalisms and Intercultural Performance, 2002); Rockefeller/Ford Writers Fellow (APPEX, 1999); U.C. Davis Humanities Institute Fellow (1999); Robert Penn Warren Humanities Center Fellow (1996-97.¶ The Things We Share:¶ Ethnic Performativity and "Whatever Being"¶ 2004 by the Pennsylvania State University. All rights reserved.¶ The Journal of Speculative Philosophy 18.2 (2004) 149-160)
In Philip Kan Gotanda's 2002 "The Wind Cries Mary" (an adaptation of
AND
not result in simply "claiming a place" at the dejects' table.

Tournament: UNT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Oklahoma Harris-Abubakare | Judge: Gonzalez, Pennington, Taylor
WE ADVOCATE A TWO TIER METHODLOGY OF SPECIFIC AND ORGANIC INTELLECTUALS.
Trading autobiographical narrative for the ballot commodifies one’s identity and has limited impact on the culture that one attempt’s to reform – when autobiographical narrative “wins,” it subverts its own most radical intentions by becoming an exemplar of the very culture under indictment
Coughlin 95—associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School. (Anne, REGULATING THE SELF: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PERFORMANCES IN OUTSIDER SCHOLARSHIP, 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229)
Although Williams is quick to detect insensitivity and bigotry in remarks made by strangers,
AND
Sacvan Bercovitch, "to have your dissent and make it too." n205
Performance is not a mode of resistance - it gives too much power to the audience because the performer is structurally blocked from controlling the (re)presentation of their representations.  Appealing to the ballot is a way of turning over one’s identity to the same reproductive economy that underwrites liberalism
Phelan 96—chair of New York University's Department of Performance Studies (Peggy, Unmarked: the politics of performance, ed published in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005, 146
Performance’s only life is in the present. Performance cannot be saved, recorded,
AND
only a spur to memory, an encouragement of memory to become present.
Confession is never benign - it chains us to our injured histories and privatizes public experience for the market at the expense of the individual.
Brown 96 (Wendy Brown 1996, Co-Director of the Center for Cultural Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Constitutions and 'Survivor Stories': In the 'folds of our own discourse' The Pleasures and Freedoms of Silence, 3 U Chi L Sch Roundtable 18)
But if the silences in discourses of domination are a site for insurrectionary noise,
AND
the further regulation of those lives, all the while depoliticizing their conditions.

These confessions are used to essentialize identity groups and create self-fulfilling cycles to perpetuate the domination of these groups.
Brown 96 (Wendy Brown 1996, Co-Director of the Center for Cultural Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Constitutions and 'Survivor Stories': In the 'folds of our own discourse' The Pleasures and Freedoms of Silence, 3 U Chi L Sch Roundtable 185)
If, taken together, the two passages from Foucault we have been considering call
AND
this vein, that there is so little feminist writing on heterosexual pleasure?)

Tournament: UNT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Houston Asgari-Tari-Bockmon | Judge: Moore
The United States Congress should restrict the authority of the President of the United States to introduce Instruments of Mutual Mass Annihilation and Devastation first into hostilities.

Using the word Nuclear Weapons turns case – prevents effective peace movements
Hallett and Summy, 2003 (Brien, associate Professor in the Matsunaga Institute for Peace at the University of Hawaii, and Ralph, Senior Lecturer in Political Science at the University of Queensland, “Detooling the Language of the Master’s House,” April, Peace and Change, Vol. 28, No. 2)
The tool of language helps to shape the argument and outcome of a political conflict
AND
that conventional political and military assumptions about nuclear power can be challenged radically. 

Instruments of Mutual Mass Annihilation and Devastation (I-M-Mad) is best
Hallett and Summy, 2003 (Brien, associate Professor in the Matsunaga Institute for Peace at the University of Hawaii, and Ralph, Senior Lecturer in Political Science at the University of Queensland, “Detooling the Language of the Master’s House,” April, Peace and Change, Vol. 28, No. 2)
Another tack is to keep the alternative term discrete and on a purely emotional level
AND
formulate a long-term strategic plan for its general acceptance and usage. 

Effective peace movements key to prevent extinction
Hallett and Summy, 2003 (Brien, associate Professor in the Matsunaga Institute for Peace at the University of Hawaii, and Ralph, Senior Lecturer in Political Science at the University of Queensland, “Detooling the Language of the Master’s House,” April, Peace and Change, Vol. 28, No. 2)
Despite the ending of the Cold War, the long-term nuclear threat to
AND
to a flaw in the way the antinuclear forces have framed the debate.

Tournament: Texas | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan State Butler-Strong | Judge: Box
The United States Federal Government should require legislative approval through a policy trial prior to initiating offensive use of military force, unless to repel attacks on the United States or Israel.
Consistent statements in support of U.S. security assurances that the US will come to the defense of Israel if they are under attack are key to prevent Israeli lashout
Murdock 09, Sr Advisor CSIS
(Clark A.-, Jessica M. Yeats, Linton F. Brooks, M. Elaine Bunn, Franklin C. Miller, James L. Schoff, CSIS Workshop Proceeding and Key Takeaways, “Exploring the Nuclear Posture Implications of Extended Deterrence and Assurance”, http://csis.org/files/publication/091218_nuclear_posture.pdf)
U.S. security assurances to Israel probably have their greatest impact on Israel’s
AND
bases and military facilities would survive a first strike to retaliate effectively.”147
An Israeli strike collapses the global economy, and sparks war with China and Russia
Reuveny 10, Public Affairs Professor at Indiana
(Rafael, Guest Opinion: Unilateral strike on Iran could trigger world depression, www.indiana.edu/spea/news/speaking_out/reuveny_on_unilateral_strike_Iran.shtml)
A unilateral Israeli strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities would likely have dire consequences, including
AND
green light. A unilateral Israeli strike could ultimately spark World War III.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Houston Asgari-Tari-Bockmon | Judge: Moore
The United States federal government should build, deploy, and offer to cooperate with Russia on long range low yield nuclear tipped interceptors as a last resort missile defense option. This system should not be designed or sized against the Russia deterrent and the United States federal government should be willing to demonstrate to Russia that this is the case. The United States Congress should prohibit the first use of nuclear forces excluding the use of long range low yield nuclear tipped interceptors as a last resort missile defense option without congressional approval.

CP is competitive—nuclear tipped missile defense is first use
Milne ‘2
(Tom-, Nov. 15, Pugwash Meeting Workshop Report, “No First Use of Nuclear Weapons”, #279, http://www. pugwash.org/reports/nw/milne.htm; Jacob)
Over the years the nuclear weapon states have discussed, hinted at, and planned
AND
the consideration given to the use of nuclear weapons for ballistic missile defence.

NMD inevitable—nuclear tipped key to make it effective
Bruno Staff Writer CFR 09
(Greg-, “National Missile Defense: A Status Report”, http://www.cfr.org/publication/18792/; Jacob)
The viability and cost-effectiveness of missile defense in its many forms has sparked
AND
I would say we've got to slow that down and properly test it."

Only nuclear tips can guarantee interceptors hit the missiles and aren’t confused by decoys  
Costa ‘6
(Keith J.-, Jan. 5, Inside the Pentagon, “Defense Officials Nix Nuclear-Tipped Interceptor Language from RFP”, Lexis; Jacob)

Philip Coyle, the Pentagon's operational test director during the Clinton administration, said hit
AND
need to do is get close to the golf course," he said.

Effective missile defense is key to prevent terrorism that will limit U.S. leadership and detonate WMD
Kennedy President Missile Threat ‘3
(Brian T.-, missilethreat.com a Claremont Institute National Security Project, Jan. 3, Claremont Institute, “Understanding the Need for a National Missile Defense After 9-11”, http://missilethreat.eresources.ws/publications/ id.6/puby detail.asp; Jacob)

On September 11, our nation’s enemies attacked us using hijacked airliners. Next time
AND
missiles through direct impact or “hit-to-kill” methods.
Escalates to nuclear war
Speice, ‘6 Patrick F. Speice, Jr., JD Candidate at The College of William and Mary, “NEGLIGENCE AND NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION: ELIMINATING THE CURRENT LIABILITY BARRIER TO BILATERAL U.S.-RUSSIAN NONPROLIFERATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS,” William and Mary Law Review, February 2006, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427
Accordingly, there is a significant and ever-present risk that terrorists could acquire
AND
number of casualties and potentially triggering a full-scale nuclear conflict. 50

Tournament: Districts 3 | Round: 4 | Opponent: Baylor Barron-Evans | Judge: Gonzalez
TEXT: The United States federal government ought to statutorily prohibit the authority of the President of the United States to authorize the use of offensive cyber operations except against the nation of North Korea.
OCOs give the US coercive leverage to deescalate North Korean nuclear brinksmanship -~-- speed is key
Martin C. Libicki 13, Senior Management Scientist @ RAND and adjunct fellow @ Georgetown’s Center for Security Studies, “Brandishing Cyberattack Capabilities,” RAND, http://www.rand.org/pub s/research_reports/RR175.html
Our inquiry is therefore more humble. Could a U.S. threat that
AND
up tensions in advance of the U.S. crossing red lines.
An unchecked North Korea causes global catastrophe
Hayes and Green, 10
*Victoria University AND Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute (Peter and Michael, “-“The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia”, 1/5, http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf) uwyoamp
The consequences of failing to address the proliferation threat posed by the North Korea developments
AND
a regional threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Peters
Thus, we present the counter plan: United States federal courts should rule that the preventative detention of material witnesses in the war on terror is unconstitutional.

And, the affirmatives use of quotation around a word they want to call attention to is called a scare quotation - this causes personal distancing from politics and is used to shirk responsibility for the political and ethical baggage of the term
Essay Coursework- accessed 11/01/11 Quotation Marks http://www.essaycoursework.com/howtowriteessaynet/punctuation/quotation-marks.php 

The use of quotation marks can be extended to cases which are not exactly direct
AND
of it will only make you sound like an antiquated fuddy-duddy.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 2 | Opponent: Missouri - Kansas City Jones-Cuellar | Judge: Harris
Text: The United States federal government should...
Zenko 13 - Douglas Dillon Fellow (Reforming US Drone Policy, Micah, Council Special Report No. 65 January 2013)
The United States should -promote Track 1.5 or Track 2 discussions on
AND
engage emerging drone makers on how to strengthen norms against selling weaponscapable systems.
Solves the aff.
Zenko 13 - Douglas Dillon Fellow (Reforming US Drone Policy, Micah, Council Special Report No. 65 January 2013)
Although reforming U.S. drone strike policies will be difficult and will require
AND
nations to use these technologies responsibly, we must use them responsibly.”4

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Towson Herrera-Whitley | Judge: Casey
Black public sphere is a barrier to aff solvency.
Dawson 13 - John D. MacArthur Professor of Political Science and the College at the University of Chicago (Michael C., http://www.salon.com/2013/07/07/whats_next_for_the_black_left/, 7/7/13, Whats Next for the Black Left?)
2. The black public sphere, what I have called the black counterpublic,
AND
the country as a whole. That is why it must be rebuilt.

A) LINK—their assumption of ontological blackness essentializes blackness as a racial category subservient to whiteness
Welcome 2004 – completing his PhD at the sociology department of the City University of New Yorkand#39;s Graduate Center (H. Alexander, and#34;White Is Rightand#34;: The Utilization of an Improper Ontological Perspective in Analyses of Black Experiences, Journal of African American Studies, Summer-Fall 2004, Vol. 8, No. 1 and 2, pp. 59-73)
In many of the studies of blacks, the experiences of whites, not blacks
AND
framework for the analyses of black experiences is an effect of power imbalances. 

B) Turns Case – essentialism makes true insurrection impossible
 Newman 3, Postdoctoral fellow:University of Western Australia, conducting research in the area of contemporary political and social though, 2003
(Saul, “Stirner and Foucault,” Postmodern Culture)
The idea of transgressing and reinventing the self--of freeing the self from fixed
AND
, rather than on an absolute and dutiful adherence to external moral maxims.  

Present-day Haiti proves burning it down is not a sustainable political strategy. Only way to achieve gratuitous freedom is to affirm your identity within material conditions
Newman-3, Postdoctoral fellow: University of Western Australia, conducting research in the area of contemporary political and social though, 2003 (Saul, “Stirner and Foucault,” Postmodern Culture)
Moreover, Foucault is able to see freedom as being implicated in power relations because
AND
of individualisation linked to itand#34; (Foucault, and#34;Subjectand#34; 216).

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wichita State McFarland-ODonnell | Judge: DiPiazza
The 1AC is an object that speaks for ITSELF - voting for the affirmative is NOT voting for the 1ac, vote negative on presumption.
Bryant 12 - Professor of Philosophy at Collin College (Levi R., Author of a number of articles on Deleuze, Badiou, Zizek, Lacan, and political theory, July 24th, 2012, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/07/24/radical-ethnography-or-situated-knowledge-a-response-to-a-friend/)
Your tone here sounds a bit irritated. I hope I didn’t provoke that as
AND
that matter –can be reduced to what it is for another entity.

The artist is dead - attempting to couple the speech act of the 1ac with the affirmative empties the world of all meaning and makes life dull and tame.
Sontag 66 (Susan, Against Interpretation, http://www.uiowa.edu/~c08g001d/Sontag_AgainstInterp.pdf)
The fact is, all Western consciousness of and reflection upon art have remained within
AND
duplicates of it, until we again experience more immediately what we have.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Peters
Drones DA
a.) Capture over drones now
David Corn 13, Washington Bureau Chief at Mother Jones,  5/23/13, “Obamaand#39;s Counterterrorism Speech: A Pivot Point on Drones and More?,” http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2013/05/obama-speech-drones-civil-liberties
So Obamaand#39;s speech Thursday on counterterrorism policies—which follows his administrationand#39;s acknowledgment yesterday that
AND
dicey practice of indefinite detention or a conclusion to the fight against terrorism.

b.) Plan spurs shift towards drones
Chesney 11 (Robert, Charles I. Francis Professor in Law, University of Texas School of Law, “ARTICLE: WHO MAY BE HELD? MILITARY DETENTION THROUGH THE HABEAS LENS”, Boston College Law Review, 52 B.C. L. Rev 769, Lexis)
The convergence thesis describes one manner in which law might respond to the cross-
AND
substantive grounds for detention takes place through the lens of habeas corpus litigation.

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 2 | Opponent: Berkeley Sergent-Leventhal-Wimsatt | Judge: Cohn, Deming, Moore
Gitmo is politicized now - the squo solves the aff.
Prasasouk 1/17/14 (Palina Prasasouk is an independent photojournalist, managing editor at CloseGitmo.net, and organizer with Witness Against Torture located in Brooklyn, New York, 1/17/2014, OpEd News, A Fast for Guantanamo: From Winter to Winter, http://www.opednews.com/articles/3/A-Fast-for-Guantanamo-Fro-by-Palina-Prasasouk-Guantanamo_Guantanamo_Guantanamo-Naval-Base_Guantanamo-Prison-140117-394.html, jj)

January 2013--From the Last Fast When we left DC in January 2013,
AND
Stop force-feeding - Lift the ban on sending prisoners to the US

Habeas corpus functions as an illusion used to numb resistance to the indefinite detention regime.
Gregory, 13 (Anthony Gregory, Gilbert I. Collins Fellow at the Independent Institute, “The power of habeas corpus in America electronic resource : from the King's Prerogative to the War on Terror” The Independent Institute, Oakland, Cambridge University Press, 2013, accessed via Wayne State Ebooks, online, pg 279-282)
If it is a “mere absurdity” to think that the king should check
AND
even many devotees of the Great Writ are so far unprepared to consider.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 7 | Opponent: Michigan State Caporal-Zemel | Judge: Munday
Iran is looking to compromise on its nuclear program – Obama’s perceived flexibility is key to negotiations
Benen, 9/20/13 - producer for "The Rachel Maddow Show," a blogger at Maddow Blog, and an MSNBC political contributor (Steve, “When crises become opportunities,” http://maddowblog.msnbc.com/_news/2013/09/20/20599445-when-crises-become-opportunities?lite)
When it comes to the Middle East, progress has never moved in a straight
AND
moment for Obama to be demonstrating flexibility and diplomacy toward the Middle East.
Uncertainty over war powers keeps Iran at the table.  Obama needs to be perceived as having independent authority to both strike and back down
Zeisberg, 9/25/13 - associate professor of political science at the University of Michigan (Mariah, “Debate over War Powers may yield positive outcome”
http://blog.constitutioncenter.org/2013/09/debate-over-war-powers-resolution-may-yield-positive-outcome/)
Uncertainty about what the Constitution requires is thick: even as President Obama called for
AND
role that uncertainty and textual ambiguity can create in generating good international outcomes.
An Israeli strike fails, but triggers World War 3, collapses heg and the global economy
Reuveny, 10 – professor in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University (Rafael, “Unilateral strike could trigger World War III, global depression” Gazette Xtra,  8/7, - See more at: http://gazettextra.com/news/2010/aug/07/con-unilateral-strike-could-trigger-world-war-iii-/#sthash.ec4zqu8o.dpuf)
A unilateral Israeli strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities would likely have dire consequences, including
AND
green light. A unilateral Israeli strike could ultimately spark World War III.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 2 | Opponent: Missouri - Kansas City Jones-Cuellar | Judge: Harris
Targeted killing’s vital to counterterrorism---disrupts leadership and makes carrying out attacks impossible
Kenneth Anderson 13, Professor of International Law at American University, June 2013, “The Case for Drones,” Commentary, Vol. 135, No. 6
Targeted killing of high-value terrorist targets, by contrast, is the end
AND
acknowledged in communications, have a significant impact on planning and organizational effectiveness.

Constraining targeted killing’s role in the war on terror causes extinction
Louis Rene Beres 11, Professor of Political Science and International Law at Purdue, 2011, “After Osama bin Laden: Assassination, Terrorism, War, and International Law,” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 44 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 93
Even after the U.S. assassination of Osama bin Laden, we are
AND
, it could be followed, in certain circumstances, by unconventional attacks.

Nuclear terrorism is feasible---high risk of theft and attacks escalate
Vladimir Z. Dvorkin ‘12 Major General (retired), doctor of technical sciences, professor, and senior fellow at the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  The Center participates in the working group of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, 9/21/12, "What Can Destroy Strategic Stability: Nuclear Terrorism is a Real Threat," belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/22333/what_can_destroy_strategic_stability.html
Hundreds of scientific papers and reports have been published on nuclear terrorism. International conferences
AND
a common understanding of these threats and develop a strategy to combat them.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wayne State Nagel-Wirth | Judge: KOSLOW
Their strategy of assemblages maintains status quo power dynamics and classifications of otherness.  
Protevi  10 (John Protevi is Professor of French Studies at Louisiana State University, “Rhythm and Cadence, Frenzy and March:  Music and the Geo-Bio-Techno-Affective Assemblages of Ancient Warfare”, Theory and Event)
Ontology of Affect—For Deleuze and Guattari (hereafter “DG”) “affect
AND
, leading to the eventual emergence of the polis/phalanx assemblage.9

Affect has been coopted by the military to mobilize warfare through ontological war.  Relying solely on experience and perception cements the trend towards total war - their politics of assemblage is exactly what the status quo wants.
Evans and Guillaume, 2010 (Brad Evans is lecturer in the School of Politics and International Studies at the University of Leeds, Laura Guillaume has a PhD in International Politics from Aberystwyth University; “Deleuze and War: Introduction”, Theory and Event)
Brian Massumi addresses the tendencies of contemporary war, which were intensified though not caused
AND
danger of being given over to a military logic of pre-emption.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Weber State Alvarado-Hendrix | Judge: Dunn, KOSLOW, Symonds
Border metaphor undermines the value of your aff
Vila, associate professor of sociology @ UTSA, 2003
(Pablo, Ethnography at the border, p. 307-8)
Fifth, border studies have recently moved front the study of issues related to the
AND
1996). This approach not only homogenizes distinctive experiences but also homogenizes borders.

Reliance on colonial borders turns the aff—increases the risk of war, precludes democracy and perpetuates colonial violence
Alkadry, ‘2 Mohamad G. Alkadry, West Virginia University, Reciting colonial scripts: Colonialism, globalization and democracy in the decolonized Middle East, Administrative Theory and Praxis, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2002: 741
Colonial powers, by delineating arbitrary borders to arbitrary states, affected the notion of
AND
expected the peoples of the Middle East to dance to the new tunes.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: Baylor Montgomery-Stump | Judge: Gliniecki
US legitimacy turns allies against it – kills effective coalitions
Ikenberry et al 9 - G. John Ikenberry is a professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton University, Michael Mastanduno is a professor of government and associate dean for social sciences at Dartmouth College, William C. Wohlforth is a professor of government at Dartmouth College, “Unipolarity, State Behavior, and Systemic Consequences”, World Politics, 61.1, Jan, MUSE
Unipolarity and Revisionism: Is the Unipole a Satisfied State? The stability of any
AND
powerful states as hypocritical attempts to mask the actual pursuit of private goods.
Credibility being essential to effectively dealing with other nations is a myth- the US is the dominant actor and shouldn’t fixate on boosting its credibility. Turns the aff - focusing on credibility stunts effective US foreign policy
Stephen M. Walt Professor of International Relations at Harvard¶ Tuesday, September 11, 2012¶ Why are U.S. leaders so obsessed with credibility?¶ http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/09/11/the_credibility_fetish

What's the biggest mistake the United States has made since the end of the Cold
AND
American diplomacy has achieved relatively little since the end of the Cold War.

Effective US responses are the only way to solve conflict
Kagan 7 – Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Robert “End of Dreams, Return of History” Policy Review, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html
National ambition drives China’s foreign policy today, and although it is tempered by prudence
AND
a retraction of American influence and global involvement will provide an easier path.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Weber State Chadwick-Sanchez | Judge: Zendeh
Drones are the best way of reaching Al Qaeda - and the aff isnt reverse causal.
Plaw 12 (Avery, associate professor of political science at the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, November 14, “Drones Save Lives, American and Other” http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/09/25/do-drone-attacks-do-more-harm-than-good/drone-strikes-save-lives-american-and-other)
This is a tough call. Drone warfare has done a lot of good for
AND
ethically: where civilian casualties cannot be avoided, they must be minimized.
There are fewer attacks when we use targeted killing
Johnston 2012 (Patrick B. Johnston, Associate Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation, Number 4, Spring 2012 “Does Decapitation Work?¶ Assessing the Effectiveness of Leadership Targeting in Counterinsurgency Campaigns,” International Security¶ Volume 36, Project Muse)
Next, I examined the impact of leadership decapitation on the rate of insurgent attacks
AND
suggests that, after including basic controls, decapitation is associated with fewer.
Drones destroy terror cells – many reasons
Metz 2013 (Justin Metz, April, 2013, thesis for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Departmental Honors in Government for the Wesleyan University Honors College, “The Drone Wars: Uncovering the Dynamics and Scope of United States Drone Strikes” http://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2019andcontext=etd_hon_theses)
In the United States case, because US goals are focused on long-term
AND
strikes are solely responsible for the increased militant attacks on host nations.”90
insurgent attacks. ¶ 

Drones strikes solve large scale terror operations – whack-a-mole theory is false
Anderson 13(Kenneth, law professor at Washington College of Law, American University, a research fellow of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, “The Case for Drones,” May 24, http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2013/05/24/the_case_for_drones_118548-full.html)
Are drone technology and targeted killing really so strategically valuable? The answer depends in
AND
and the resulting inability to plan another 9/11 is also critical.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 4 | Opponent: Baylor Bacon-Boor | Judge: Thiele
Hegemonic decline causes peaceful retrenchment—prevents great power war.
MacDonald and Parent 11 – Asst Prof. of PoliSci @ Williams College and Parent, Asst Prof. PoliSci @ U of Miami, Paul and Joseph, “Graceful Decline?” International Security, 35.4, Project MUSE

Retrenchment is stabilizing—it solves nuclear war with Russia and China.
Macdonald and Parent 11—Paul Macdonald, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College AND Joseph Parent, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami, The Wisdom of Retrenchment, Foreign Affairs, November/December

Hege kills the economy—high deficits and rising powers make it unsustainable.
Layne 6 – Prof IR @ Texas AandM, Chris, “Impotent Power”, The National Interest, Sep, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2751/is_85/ai_n16832448/pg_6/?tag=content;col1

Hegemony destroys effective institutions and global public goods.  
Ikenberry et al 9 - G. John Ikenberry is a professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton University, Michael Mastanduno is a professor of government and associate dean for social sciences at Dartmouth College, William C. Wohlforth is a professor of government at Dartmouth College, “Unipolarity, State Behavior, and Systemic Consequences”, World Politics, 61.1, Jan, MUSE

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Weber State Chadwick-Sanchez | Judge: Zendeh
Credibility being essential to effectively dealing with other nations is a myth- the US is the dominant actor and shouldn’t fixate on boosting its credibility. Focusing on credibility stunts effective foreign policy
Stephen M. Walt Professor of International Relations at Harvard¶ Tuesday, September 11, 2012¶ Why are U.S. leaders so obsessed with credibility?¶ http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/09/11/the_credibility_fetish

What's the biggest mistake the United States has made since the end of the Cold
AND
American diplomacy has achieved relatively little since the end of the Cold War.
?
Hegemonic decline causes peaceful retrenchment—prevents great power war.
MacDonald and Parent 11 – Asst Prof. of PoliSci @ Williams College and Parent, Asst Prof. PoliSci @ U of Miami, Paul and Joseph, “Graceful Decline?” International Security, 35.4, Project MUSE
In this article, we question the logic and evidence of the retrenchment pessimists.
AND
exacerbate U.S. grand strategic problems and risk unnecessary clashes.101
Retrenchment is stabilizing—it solves nuclear war with Russia and China.
MacDonald and Parent 11—Paul Macdonald, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College AND Joseph Parent, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami, The Wisdom of Retrenchment, Foreign Affairs, November/December
Retrenchment works in several ways. One is by shifting commitments and resources from peripheral
AND
now temper its commitments and cultivate a lasting compromise with China over Taiwan.

Hegemony causes proliferation—this causes great power war and counter-balancing that makes unipolarity unsustainable.
Monteiro 12—Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University, Nuno, Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is not Peaceful, International Security, Vol. 36, No. 3, Winter
To be sure, states can never be certain of other states’ intentions.61
AND
efforts, but has so far been unable to persuade either to desist.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Samford Bennie-Morrison-Alvarez | Judge: Short
So much disaster porn.
Taylor 06 Paul, Professor of Communication Studies, “The Pornographic barbarism of the Self-reflecting sign”,
IJBS, Volume 4 Number 1, published 2006 Jean Baudrillard has compared the
AND
conceal, you now clamour to get on a television show to reveal.

This is disaster porn.
Olujobi 06 (Gbemisola “The Africa You Need to Know”
http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/20061128_the_africa_you_need_to_know/ ; Posted on Nov 28, 2006)
Putting an indelible question mark on disaster journalism, they say, “Reduced to
AND
her feeding a little girl—three times. This is disaster pornography.”

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Peters
The criticism is an attempt at censorship- it seeks to stifle any discussion even tangentially connected to Islam. This conflates legitimate discussions with racism making it impossible to combat real racism
Dr. Koenraad Elst (Belgium-based writer on comparative religion, Indian history, and Hindu-Muslim relations, phd philosophy from Catholic University of Leuven) Afterword: The Rushdie Affairand#39;s Legacy. Accessed November 8, 2011   http://koenraadelst.bharatvani.org/articles/misc/rushdie.html  

Intimidation The traditional Muslim countries may be where the Rushdie rules are most often applied
AND
that can be used to suppress opinions having nothing to do with racism.

We cannot break down the walls separating liberal democracy from Islam without embracing security
Etzioni, Professor Sociology George Washington, 2007(Amitai, “Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy” p 92-93)  

Why should people of such faith not be included on our side of the civilization
AND
and minds of others without coercion—within a given period of time.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Samford Bennie-Morrison-Alvarez | Judge: Short
Their ethics cause massive destruction – nature is a self destructive system which will destroy itself through carbon deficiencies
Ward, 2009 (Peter, Professor of biology and Earth and space sciences at the University of Washington and an astrobiologist with NASA, The Medea Hypothesis, 52-54)
Calcium is an important ingredient in this process, and it is found in two
AND
? If such life were Darwinian, the answer would be "certainly." 

We have an alternative system of ethics – humans should be prioritized for their ability to manage the environment
Ward, 2009 (Peter, Professor of biology and Earth and space sciences at the University of Washington and an astrobiologist with NASA, The Medea Hypothesis, XX – XXII)
To argue my case, I will use new discoveries from geology, biology,
AND
, currently dictated by life itself, can be lengthened. Vastly lengthened.

Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 1 | Opponent: Whitman College Durand-Kochman | Judge: Slattery
Their legal attempt at securing the promise of U.S. exceptional violence makes all their impacts inevitable and guarantees conflict escalation.
Jones 13—Craig, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Travelling Law: Targeted Killing, Lawfare and the Deconstruction of the Battlefield in Shifting Borders: American Studies Between The American Century And The Arab Spring ed. Alex Lubin and Marwan Kraidy, http://warlawspace.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/jones-travelling-law-shifting-borders.pdf, Shree
If all of this clarifies anything about the putative ‘end of the American Century’
AND
lawfare are concerned it sure continues to be a long twentieth century.124

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: Baylor Montgomery-Stump | Judge: Gliniecki
Even silky paws need claws. Offensive cyber operations are critical to U.S. deterrence and are not perceived as an act of aggression.
Limnell and Hanska 13 - *Director of Cyber Security at Stonesoft Corporation, Doctor of Military Science , Received his doctoral degree from the University of Tampere. He works as an officer in the Finnish Defense Forces and is currently affiliated with the National Defense University. (Dr. Jarno, Dr. Jan, http://www.infosecisland.com/blogview/23036-Silky-Paws-Need-Claws~-~-The-Problems-of-Defensive-Cyberstrategies.html, March 25th 2013)
How many of us have not fondled and marveled at the silky softness of the
AND
equals not only having a tomcat castrated but declawed at the same time.

No cyber prolif
Libicki 12 - Senior Management Scientist at the RAND Corporation (Martin, "Crisis and Escalation in Cyberspace", http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2012/RAND_MG1215.pdf)
Nevertheless, the logic that states have to develop offensive cyber-weapons because their
AND
out of such people well before they run out of money paying them.  

Squo solves cyber aggression.
Nakashima 12 - Washington Post staff writer (Ellen, November 14, "Obama signs secret directive to help thwart cyberattacks", http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-signs-secret-cybersecurity-directive-allowing-more-aggressive-military-role/2012/11/14/7bf51512-2cde-11e2-9ac2-1c61452669c3_story.html)

President Obama has signed a secret directive that effectively enables the military to act more
AND
a higher level of scrutiny from relevant agencies and generally White House permission. 

US can’t solve modeling – the development of offensive capabilities is inevitable.
Libicki 9 - Senior Management Scientist at the RAND Corporation (Martin, Senior Management Scientist at the RAND Corporation, "Cyberdeterrence and Cyberwar", http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2009/RAND_MG877.pdf)
Historically, arms control has always gone hand in hand with deter- rence and
AND
g., against cor- ruption). Such a world does not exist.

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 3 | Opponent: Towson Johnson-Ruffin | Judge: Corrigan, KOSLOW, Morgan
Within this academic sphere, refuse the haunting of the black woman because it tradeoff with a politics centered around the regime which produces them as disempowered in the first place.
Tuck and Yang 14 - *Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Coordinator of Native American Studies at the State University of New York, Assistant Professor in Ethnic Studies, Ph.D., 2004, Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley (Tuck, E. and Yang, K.W. (2014). R-words: Refusing research. In D. Paris and M. T. Winn (Eds.) Humanizing research: Decolonizing qualitative inquiry with youth and communities (pp. 223-248). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage Publications, https://faculty.newpaltz.edu/evetuck/files/2013/12/Tuck-and-Yang-R-Words_Refusing-Research.pdf.)
For the purposes of our discussion, the most important insight to draw from Simpson’s
AND
refuses to satisfy the morbid curiosity derived from settler colonialism’s preoccupation with pain.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 6 | Opponent: Central Oklahoma Vance-Yost | Judge: loghry
Red pedagogy is inherently Western and discounts Indigenous worldviews outside the university
Beauline-Sterling 12—Rebecca, MA student at York University, A review of Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought by Sandy Grande, NeoAmericanist Vol. 6, No. 1, Spring/Summer, http://www.neoamericanist.org/review/red-pedagogy, Shree
I certainly appreciate much of Grande’s thought, as her writing resonates with some of my own critiques of postmodern and critical theory.  I also welcome her historical materialist analysis of past and present social relations.  This text indeed marks a significant contribution to critical education theory and Indigenous academic work, yet I cannot help but ask: who is it written for?
Though she positions herself among other Indigenous scholars, Grande’s theory is articulated through a
AND
who we write for reflects who we consider as part of that relation.

It privleges the macroframe
Calderón 6—Dolores, J.D., is a PhD Candidate at UCLA’s Graduate School of Education and Information Studies with a specialization in race and ethnic studies, Review: Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought by Sandy Grande, InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies Volume 2, Issue 1, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qp8c635, Shree
Grande challenges both Western Critical theorists and American Indians to question the presuppositions they bring
AND
and her articulation of red pedagogy ultimately utilize Western theoretical constructs and assumptions.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 4 | Opponent: Baylor Bacon-Boor | Judge: Thiele
Doesn’t solve terrorism
John Arquilla 13, professor of defense analysis at U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 6/3, “Drones Are Too Slow to Kill Terrorists,” Foreign Policy
Strikes are bad for Yemen - turns the aff.
Mayborn 11 - Master’s degree at the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University in College Station (William, http://satsa.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/WilliamMayborn.pdf, April 2011, Creating More Turmoil: Why UAV strikes Will Be Counterproductive in Yemen)

No scenario for nuclear terror-~--consensus of experts
Matt Fay 13, PhD student in the history department at Temple University, has a Bachelor’s degree in Political Science from St. Xavier University and a Master’s in International Relations and Conflict Resolution with a minor in Transnational Security Studies from American Military University, 7/18/13, “The Ever-Shrinking Odds of Nuclear Terrorism”, webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:HoItCUNhbgUJ:hegemonicobsessions.com/3Fp3D902+andcd=1andhl=enandct=clnkandgl=usandclient=firefox-a

Biological weapons won’t be used and won’t cause extinction
Mueller, 2005 (John, Professor of political science at Ohio State University, “Simplicity and Spook: Terrorism and the Dynamics of Threat Exaggeration,” International Studies Perspectives, 6, 208-234)

Growth causes eco-collapse and extinction – only collapse now ensures civilization can survive the inevitable transition.
Barry 8 – Glen, PhD in Land Resources from UW-Madison and President and Founder of Ecological Internet, “Economic Collapse and Global Ecology,” Counter-Currents, Jan. 14, http://www.countercurrents.org/barry140108.htm

Collapse now key—prevents future environmental destruction and wars caused by growth
Trainer 2—Senior Lecturer, School of Social Work, University of New South Wales (Ted, Debating the significance of the Global Eco-village Movement; A reply to Takis Fotopoulos, Democracy and Nature: the International Journal of Inclusive Democracy, vol.8, no.1, (March 2002), http://www.democracynature.org/vol8/takis_trainer.htm, AMiles)

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: Irvine Perez-Andrade | Judge: Fanning
This arguement is a strategy of the police.
Chamayou 13 - Research scholar in philosophy at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris (Gregoire, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v016/16.2.chamayou.html, Volume 16, Issue 2, 2013, Fichte's Passport - A Philosophy of the Police)
In 1797 the philosopher Fichte descended one time from the heights of speculative philosophy,
AND
everyone has been, where they are, and where they are headed.

Tournament: Districts 3 | Round: 1 | Opponent: Missouri State Miller-Russo | Judge: Box
Growth causes eco-collapse and extinction – only collapse now ensures civilization can survive the inevitable transition.
Barry 8 – Glen, PhD in Land Resources from UW-Madison and President and Founder of Ecological Internet, “Economic Collapse and Global Ecology,” Counter-Currents, Jan. 14, http://www.countercurrents.org/barry140108.htm
Humanity and the Earth are faced with an enormous conundrum -- sufficient climate policies enjoy
AND
sabotage to hasten the day. It is more fragile than it looks.
Collapse now key—prevents future environmental destruction and wars caused by growth
Trainer 2—Senior Lecturer, School of Social Work, University of New South Wales (Ted, Debating the significance of the Global Eco-village Movement; A reply to Takis Fotopoulos, Democracy and Nature: the International Journal of Inclusive Democracy, vol.8, no.1, (March 2002), http://www.democracynature.org/vol8/takis_trainer.htm, AMiles)

It is conceivable to me that this general strategic beginning point could achieve a more
AND
could be rapidly taken up.  The window of opportunity will soon close.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Towson Herrera-Whitley | Judge: Casey
1NC
Our Interpretation is that the affirmative must defend a politics that concludes that The United States Federal Government substantially increasing statutory and/or judicial restrictions on the war powers authority of the President of the United States in one or more of the designated topic areas.

This is predictable the resolution requires them to defend enactment of a topical USFG policy.
Ericson 3 Jon, Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
AND
compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

Limits and Ground - failure to adhere to the communal topic leaves one side unprepared, resulting in shallow and un-educational debate—a balanced controversy is key to decision-making skills.
Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp43-45
Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
AND
particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

B. Switch-side debate—only our framework creates a form of education that improves critical thinking and prevents violent dogmatism.
Olbrys 6—Stephen Gencarella Olbrys (Ph.D., Indiana University, 2003) is Assistant Professor of Communication at the University of Massachusetts, Dissoi Logoi, Civic Friendship, and the Politics of Education, Communication Education, Vol. 55, No. 4, October 2006, pp. 353-369
Unlike the ABOR and Powell Memo, both of which institutionalize opposition, adaptation of
AND
and to take nothing for granted in the pursuit of understanding and knowledge.

Dogmatic decision-making causes extinction—the habits of thinking formed by switch-side debate solve every global problem.
Facione 10 – Senior Scholar at the National Center for Science and Civic Engagement; former President of the American Conference of Academic Deans; Deano f the School of Human Development and Community Service at California State University; has researched critical thinking since 1967 and presented hundreds of workshops, “Critical Thinking: What it is and why it counts”, Insight Assessment , http://www.insightassessment.com/pdf_files/whatandwhy2006.pdf
Popular culture offers one other myth about decision-making which is worth questioning.
AND
think for themselves. And that is something these extremists do not want.

Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 1 | Opponent: Whitman College Durand-Kochman | Judge: Slattery
Restriction is a prohibition
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf
3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include
AND
some supervision conditions, but he did not agree to restrict his license.

Authority means “authorization” – topical affirmatives must remove the permission to act, not just regulate the President
Hohfeld, Yale Law, 19 (1919, Wesley, http://www.hku.hk/philodep/courses/law/HohfeldRights.htm)
Many examples of legal powers may readily be given. Thus, X, the
AND
, go far toward clearing up certain problems in the law of agency.
Voting issue –
1) Ground – all DAs and CPs like ESR, flexibility, and politics compete based off restrictions on the presidential decision-making process – skews the topic in favor of the aff.

2) Limits – the plan amounts to deterrence of prez powers, not statutory limitations – that’s opens a floodgate of affs that just dissuade presidential expansion of power

Tournament: UNLV | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Weber State Alvarado-Hendrix | Judge: Dunn, KOSLOW, Symonds
The negatives speech act is a performance - the aff should not get a perm.
Evans 13 - Debate Guru (Rashad, https://www.facebook.com/groups/318979761518379/permalink/542109029205450/, October 14th 2013)
Rashad Evans: Counter performances are always competitive. Performance based framework recognizes that there
AND

we say the role of the ballot is who best challenges Y.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Peters
Our interpretation is the affirmative must specify in the plan text in the 1AC on what grounds the SCOTUS renders their ruling. 

Justices always make their legal opinions known- it’s important for legal precedents so constitutional reasoning is key
Pekarsky 13 Michelle Pekarsky News anchor for Fox 4 news¶ Supreme Court justices carefully craft opinion on gay marriage¶ June 25, 2013¶ http://fox4kc.com/2013/06/25/supreme-court-justices-carefully-craft-opinions-on-gay-marriage-voting-rights/
Inside the marble walls at the Supreme Court, the last days of June are
AND
most of the massive health care reform law championed by President Barack Obama.

Our interp is best for debate:
Neg ground- we should be able to read Disads to and CP to rule on different legal grounds. There are precedents set by legal grounds, that’s why the Court writes them. 

Education- Aff sets a precedent where affirmatives engage in lazy plan writing and legal research. Means we don’t learn about the workings of the Court. This is unique education on Legal topics

Voter for comp equity

Tournament: UNT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Houston Asgari-Tari-Bockmon | Judge: Moore
The aff is not topical --- introducing armed forces only refers to human troops, not weapons systems such as nuclear weapons --- prefer our interpretation because it’s based on textual analysis, legislative history, and intent of the WPR
Lorber 13 – Eric Lorber, J.D. Candidate, University of Pennsylvania Law School, Ph.D Candidate, Duke University Department of Political Science. January 2013, "Executive Warmaking Authority and Offensive Cyber Operations: Can Existing Legislation Successfully Constrain Presidential Power?" University of Pennsylvania Journal of Contsitutional Law, 15 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 961, lexis nexis
As is evident from a textual analysis, n177 an examination of the legislative history
AND
is highly unlikely - such operations will not trigger the War Powers Resolution.

Vote negative for predictable limits -- their interpretation- explodes the topic by opening the floodgates to thousands of technologies: chemical, nuclear, biological, just to name a few - each large enough to be their open topic area.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Peters
On” means directly targeted at and focused on the President's War Power's Authority. A topical aff must reduce the President's War Power Authority in INDEFINITE DETENTION.
Oxford Dictionary online, 12 The World’s most trusted Dictionary, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/on
5.  having (the thing mentioned) as a target, aim, or focus: five air raids on the city, thousands marching on Washington ,her eyes were fixed on his dark profile

Violation - the plan text rules material witness apriori is unconstitutional, this is distinct from ruling that the president's war powers authority to conduct detetion based on material witness is uncononstitutional. 

Voter for ground because it lets the aff claim broad sweeping claims about the scope of their policy and claim obscene advantags.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Peters
Restrictions are prohibitions on action --- the aff is not
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf
3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include
AND
some supervision conditions, but he did not agree to restrict his license.

Restrictions on authority are distinct from conditions
William Conner 78, former federal judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York United States District Court, S. D. New York, CORPORACION VENEZOLANA de FOMENTO v. VINTERO SALES, http://www.leagle.com/decision/19781560452FSupp1108_11379
Plaintiff next contends that Merban was charged with notice of the restrictions on the authority
AND
were not authorized to act except upon the fulfillment of the specified conditions.

Limits
a) Ground - They make the topic bi-directional. Affs can claim, like they do, that existing presidential actions on an issue are topical - or worse, refuse to take a stance on such authority.
b.) Precision - Our evidence clearly defines restrictions in the context of authority - you should reject all other definitions because they turn debate into a scrabble board. Precision is key to generate topic education and research.

Tournament: Texas | Round: 4 | Opponent: West Virginia Orteza-Russell | Judge: Harris
a. Interpretation and violation---the affirmative should defend the desirability of topical action related to war powers
Most predictable—the agent and verb indicate a debate about hypothetical War Powers action
Jon M Ericson 3, Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
AND
compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.
“Resolved” is legislative
Jeff Parcher 1, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb 2001 http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html
Pardon me if I turn to a source besides Bill. American Heritage Dictionary:
AND
or 'no' - which, of course, are answers to a question.   
   “Should” requires defending federal action
Judge Henry Nieto 9, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009)
"Should" is "used . . . to express duty, obligation,
AND
be allocated for the purpose of parents' federal tax exemption to be mandatory).

Topicality is a voting issue.

1.) Competition in debate is good—it encourages education, strong community, and increases quality of work
Gillespie and Gordon 6
(William and Elizabeth, Kennesaw State University, “Competition, Role-Playing, and Political Science Education,” Sep 1, http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/5/1/0/0/pages151007/p151007-1.php)
But, for the most part, coaches report that the competitive element enhances learning
AND
“Students learn teamwork in an interactive and dynamic setting,” reports another.

2.)  Critique critique critique. Critique is intoxicating, the resolution is a research prompt for informed political action and concrete demands  - this kind of education outweighs.
Bryant 12 - Professor of Philosophy at Collin College (Levi R., Author of a number of articles on Deleuze, Badiou, Zizek, Lacan, and political theory, November 11th, 2012, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/)
Unfortunately, the academic left falls prey to its own form of abstraction. It’s
AND
. Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that.

There is the nitty gritty of political change that needs to be dealt with - the aff's methodology attempts to wish away the realities of political horse-trading.
Deitz 2k
Mary Dietz, Professor of Polisci at Minnesota, 2000 Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 131-2
If another of the imperatives of the political world is to avoid becoming contemptible,
AND
expect the politician—or the citizen—to "live" them.

3.) Our use of the resolution as the channel for discussion is key to controlled and informed dialogue.
Hanghøj ‘8
Thorkild. Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish¶ Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of¶ Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have¶ taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the¶ Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab¶ Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where he currently works as an assistant¶ professor. “Playful Knowledge: An Explorative Study of Educational Gaming” PhD Dissertation at The Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark.  2008, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
Debate games are often based on pre-designed scenarios that include descriptions of issues
AND
dialogue as an end in itself” (Wegerif, 2006: 61). 

No Offense - voting against the affirmative is not to tell them that what they talked about was unimportant, or even that what they said was wrong. Rather, it is to tell them that were not dialecticaly relevant.
Walton 2004
Douglas, Full Professor of Philosophy – U Winnipeg, Relevance in Argumentation, p. 169-170
The kind of relevance defined in the new theory can be called dialectical relevance,
AND
for reasoned argumentation of various kinds that are quite important in human communication.

Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 3 | Opponent: San Francisco State Andrade-Perez | Judge: Larson
ERROR

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 2 | Opponent: Berkeley Sergent-Leventhal-Wimsatt | Judge: Cohn, Deming, Moore
Gitmo is politicized now - the squo solves the aff.
Prasasouk 1/17/14 (Palina Prasasouk is an independent photojournalist, managing editor at CloseGitmo.net, and organizer with Witness Against Torture located in Brooklyn, New York, 1/17/2014, OpEd News, A Fast for Guantanamo: From Winter to Winter, http://www.opednews.com/articles/3/A-Fast-for-Guantanamo-Fro-by-Palina-Prasasouk-Guantanamo_Guantanamo_Guantanamo-Naval-Base_Guantanamo-Prison-140117-394.html, jj)

January 2013--From the Last Fast When we left DC in January 2013,
AND
Stop force-feeding - Lift the ban on sending prisoners to the US

Habeas corpus functions as an illusion used to numb resistance to the indefinite detention regime.
Gregory, 13 (Anthony Gregory, Gilbert I. Collins Fellow at the Independent Institute, “The power of habeas corpus in America electronic resource : from the King's Prerogative to the War on Terror” The Independent Institute, Oakland, Cambridge University Press, 2013, accessed via Wayne State Ebooks, online, pg 279-282)
If it is a “mere absurdity” to think that the king should check
AND
even many devotees of the Great Writ are so far unprepared to consider.

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 2 | Opponent: Berkeley Sergent-Leventhal-Wimsatt | Judge: Cohn, Deming, Moore

The 1AC represents a strategy of lawfare - using the law as a means to legitimize and justify an ever-expanding system of violence.

John Morrissey 11, Lecturer in Political and Cultural Geography, National University of Ireland, Galway; has held visiting research fellowships at University College Cork, City University of New York, Virginia Tech and the University of Cambridge. Liberal Lawfare and Biopolitics: US Juridical Warfare in the War on Terror, Geopolitics, Volume 16, Issue 2, 2011
Foucault’s envisioning of a more governmentalized and securitized modernity, framed by a ubiquitous architecture
AND
juridically secure the necessary legal geographies and biopolitics of its overseas ground presence.

The impact is militarism and the precursor to atrocities in the name of national security.

Smith 2 – prof of phil @ U of South Florida
(Thomas, International Studies Quarterly 46, The New Law of War: Legitimizing Hi-Tech and Infrastructural Violence)
The role of military lawyers in all this has, according to one study,
AND
construed, hopes of rescuing law from politics will be dim indeed. ’

Their regulation of war powers in the name of more equitable and democratic control represent the transition of war to police which maintains the falsity of that binary in the first place and reify the power of the state to pacify.

Neocleous 13 - Department of Politics and History (Mark, http://www.socialiststudies.com/index.php/sss/article/viewFile/334/289, THE DREAM OF PACIFICATION: ACCUMULATION, CLASS WAR, AND THE HUNT , Socialist Studies / Études socialistes 9 (2) Winter 2013 Copyright © 2013)
Marx here highlights the fact that capitalism is not a spontaneous order and that,
AND
on human beings in the last 500 years: let there be accumulation21 

Reject their legitimacy arguments - the United States has repeatedly gone behind the back of international institutions. Their claims that these institutions need to be ’saved’ miss the point about who they should be saved from.

Jones 13 - Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Craig, http://warlawspace.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/jones-travelling-law-shifting-borders.pdf, Targeted Killing, Lawfare and the Deconstruction of the Battlefield)
Early in the WoT Condoleezza Rice spoke of a ’new kind of war’ that renders
AND
allegedly supported by the relevant international law, or at least by lawfare. 

The alternative is to raise the question of jus CONTRA bellum—voting negative injects epistemic doubt about militarism into our decision calculus which is the prerequisite to shifting away from violence as the solution.

Neu 13—University of Brighton (Michael, "The tragedy of justified war", International Relations 27(4) 461–480, dml)
Just war theory is not concerned with millions of starving people who could be saved
AND
otherwise deprive themselves, today, of the possibility of not wronging tomorrow.

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 2 | Opponent: Berkeley Sergent-Leventhal-Wimsatt | Judge: Cohn, Deming, Moore

Restrictions means prohibition on action

Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown 26 Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf
3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include
AND
some supervision conditions, but he did not agree to restrict his license.

Authority means "authorization" – topical affirmatives must remove the permission to act, not just regulate the President

Hohfeld, Yale Law, 1919 (Wesley, http://www.hku.hk/philodep/courses/law/HohfeldRights.htm)
Many examples of legal powers may readily be given. Thus, X, the
AND
, go far toward clearing up certain problems in the law of agency.

Violation – Aff isn’t a restriction on WPA, just an after-the-fact correction.

Voting issue –

1) Ground – all DAs and CPs like ESR, flexibility, and politics compete based off restrictions on the presidential decision-making process – skews the topic in favor of the aff.

2) Limits – the plan amounts to deterrence of prez powers, not statutory limitations – that’s opens a floodgate of affs that just dissuade presidential expansion of power

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Emory DK | Judge: Buntin
The affirmative represents a strategy of lip service restraint re-affirms executive power granting legitimacy to sovereign manipulation of law
 Posner and Vermeule 10   Eric A. Posner Kirkland and Ellis Distinguished Service Professor of Law AND Adrian Vermeule Jr. Professor of Law at Harvard Law School “The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic”, Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA, 2010 Questia pp 3-5
Some commentators argue that the federal courts have taken over Congress’s role as aninstitutional check
AND
the crisis except to ratify executive actions in tension with the law.2and#39;

The justifications for restrictions presuppose that the suspension of legal rights is the exception and not the rule - leads to legal black holes that subject us to the state of exception
Fabbri 9 Lorenzo Fabbri PhD in Romance Studies, professor of Italian @ University of Minnesota –areas of research Biopolitics, Continental Philosphy, Humanities, Italian Studies, Critical Theory, Film Studies, and Post-Colonial Studies ¶ “Chronotopologies of the Exception: Agamben and Derrida before the Camps”¶ Diacritics, Volume 39, Number 3, Fall 2009, pp. 77-95 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press
I begin with Bruce Ackerman who in “The Emergency Constitution” tried to demarcate
AND
-juridical spaces that might function as real ¶ exceptions to sovereign power.

The 1ac concerns itself with appearance and the spectacle of the law - this legitimizes state violence.
Giorgio Agamben 2000 Phd., Baruch Spinoza Chair at European Graduate School EGS, is a professor of aesthetics at the University of Verona, Italy and teaches philosophy at the Collège International de Philosophie in Paris and at the University of Macerata in Italy “Means Without End: Notes on Politics”, p. 93-95)
Because human beings neither are nor have to be any essence, any nature,
AND
media, while a new class of bureaucrats jealously watches over its management.

This presentation of legitimacy continues crumbling the distinction between democracy and totalitarianism and reinforces death-centered thanatopolitics - the impact is genocide on the global scale.
Hall 7 Lindsay Anne Hall MA Political Science “Death, Power, and the Body: A Bio-political Analysis of Death and Dying” May 7, 2007 (Research paper presented to faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)¶ http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05152007-134833/unrestricted/etd.pdf
Agamben, on the other hand, addresses the intertwinement of medicine, death,
AND
center on an engagement with what ¶ about life is really worth preserving.

Our alternative is to shake out the rug from under the 1acand#39;s mode of legal analysis - this is preferable to actualizing new and less oppressive societal formulations.
Singer 84  - Associate Professor of Law (Joseph William Singer, Associate Professor of Law at Boston University, 1984, “The Player and the Cards: Nihilism and Legal Theory,” Yale Law Journal (94 Yale L.J. 1)
What shall we do then about legal theory? I think we should abandon the
AND
live together. We are going to have to answer that question ourselves.