Tournament: Shirley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wyoming Marcum-Pauli | Judge: Watson
Even though negotiations are set to resume, Iran and the US will fail to come to an agreement to have Iran curtail its nuclear weapons development
Suzanne Maloney, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Saban Center for Middle East Policy, “Washington And Tehran Find That A Nuclear Breakthrough Is Hard To Do
,” November 11, 2013, http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/iran-at-saban/posts/2013/11/11-iran-nuclear-negotiations-zarif-challenge)
The Unknowns The denouement of nuclear diplomacy has provoked much speculation over the causes.
AND
on Iranian crude exports awaits only a predictably overwhelming approval in the Senate.
Drones trade off with CIA’s intelligence agenda
Micah Zenko, 13- “Clip the Agency's Wings”. Micah Zenko is the Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action (CPA) at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/04/16/clip_the_agencys_ wings_cia_drones

Second, it would focus the finite resources and bandwidth of the CIA on its
AND
percent, an open checkbook for Langley is not sustainable or strategically wise.
Intel key to maintaining efforts towards Iranian counter-prolif
James R. Clapper, Director of National Intelligence, “Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community,” March 12, 2013, http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/130312/clapper.pdf)
WMD PROLIFERATION Nation-state efforts to develop or acquire weapons of mass destruction (
AND
We do not know if Iran will eventually decide to build nuclear weapons.

We will strike their arsenal – locating them is key – stops war from going nuclear
Lieber and Press 09 (Keir A.,  Associate Professor @ Georgetown University,  Daryl G., Associate Professor of Government, Dartmouth College, Foreign Affairs, Nov/Dec)
MODELING THE UNTHINKABLE To illustrate the growth in U.S. counterforce capabilities,
AND
the capabilities that would give a U.S. president real options.

Iran proliferation causes nuclear war
Edelman, distinguished fellow – Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, ‘11
(Eric S, “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran,” Foreign Affairs, January/February)
The reports of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States and
AND
would retaliate against the wrong party, potentially triggering a regional nuclear war.

Saudi Arabia would proliferate leading to miscalc and accidental nuclear war
Edelman et al 2011, Eric Edelman, Distinguished Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Andrew F Krepinevich, President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Evan Braden Montgomery, Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran: The Limits of Containment,” January/February edition of Foreign Policy     
There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant outside support
AND
Middle East could lead to a new Great Game, with unpredictable consequences.
Independently, given the capability Iran would give nuclear weapons to Hezbollah – reprioritization of current CT practices is essential
Clifford D. May, president of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, a policy institute focusing on national security, “Al-Qaeda vs. Hezbollah,” JUNE 6, 2013, http://www.nationalreview.com/article/350249/al-qaeda-vs-hezbollah-clifford-d-may
Back during the Bush administration, Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage famously called Hezbollah
AND
S. have what it takes to be the A Team of counterterrorism?

Hezbollah can and will attack
Carafano 13 June 7th, 2013. “Hezbollah Plays a Dangerous Game” James Jay Cafano http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2013/6/james-jay-carafano-hezbollah-plays-a-dangerous-game (James Jay Carafano, a leading expert in national security and foreign policy challenges, is The Heritage Foundation’s Vice President, Foreign and Defense Policy Studies, E. W. Richardson Fellow, and Director of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies)
"The system was blinking red." That's how the 9/11 Commission Report
AND
developing a real strategy to prevent Islamist extremists from hijacking the Arab Spring.
THE A-TEAM OF ISLAMIC TERRORISTS
That causes a nuclear war
Ayson 10
(Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (“After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
AND
be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Lack of GAO access stunts congressional capabilities to promote a revolution in intelligence
Nancy C. Roberts et. al. , Editor, Richard J. Harknett, associate professor of political science and chair of the University Faculty at the University of Cincinnati, James A. Stever, Professor at University of Cincinnati, The Struggle to Reform Intelligence after 9/11, Public Administration Review • September | October 2011 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02409.x/asset/j.1540-6210.2011.02409.x.pdf?v=1andt=hmr69l0iands=e5ff970bfdd6af39edc4a3dbaa5e3c920f9f5339
The schism between the executive and Congress has been exacer- bated by the CIA
AND
to reform that is potentially only half traveled or has run its course.

GAO enforcement is essential to intelligence quality – makes intel more effective and efficient
Walker, 7 (David M. Walker, Comptroller of the United States Federal Government, GAO, http://www.fas.org/irp/gao/walker030107.pdf)

Finally, you asked us to address the benefits or drawbacks, if any,
AND
and would continue to do so for its work in the Intelligence Community.
Strong CIA intelligence checks conflict – reliable data is key to leverage that mitigates flashpoints
Human Rights First 2011, “Disrupting the Supply Chain for Mass Atrocities How to Stop Third-Party Enablers of Genocide and Other Crimes Against Humanity”
http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Disrupting_the_Supply_Chain-July_2011.pdf

Intelligence collection and analysis are key to identifying threats of mass atrocities and developing responses
AND
sanctions, or even military actions—is also critical to effective action.

The plan shifts the CIA to focus to intel – key to drone effectiveness
Kenneth Anderson, 13 Professor of law at Washington College of Law, American University; a visiting fellow of the Hoover Institution and member of its Task Force on National Security and Law; and a non-resident senior fellow of the Brookings Institution. He writes on international law, the laws of war, and national security, and his most recent book is "Living with the UN: American Responsibilities and International Order.", “Taking the CIA Out of Drone Strikes? The Obama Administration’s Yemen Experience”, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/05/taking-the-cia-out-of-drone-strikes-the-obama-administrations-yemen-experience/, May 28, 2013)
Washington Post national security reporter Greg Miller has an excellent story in Sunday’s paper on
AND
some cautions about how easy it is to create this division of labor.

Shifting authority to the DoD is the only way to enable Congressional oversight – that makes foreign policy objectives more clear
Zenko 13 (Micah Zenko, Douglas Dillon Fellow, “Transferring CIA Drone Strikes to the Pentagon,” April 2013, http://www.cfr.org/drones/transferring-cia-drone-strikes-pentagon/p30434)
ONE MISSION, TWO PROGRAMS
U.S. targeted killings are needlessly made complex and opaque by their division
AND
then it would not be held responsible for airstrikes conducted by other countries.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southern California Nhan-Placido | Judge: Gliniecki
1AC

Intel

Advantage two is Hezbollah Terrorism -
Nuclear terrorism is extremely likely
Jaspal 12 – Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(Zafar Nawaz, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111, dml)

The misperception, miscalculation and above all ignorance of the ruling elite about security puzzles
AND
material had already been discovered (Din and Zhiwei, 2003: 18).
That causes a nuclear war
Ayson 10
(Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (“After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
AND
be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
Also, a war in Lebanon would go global and nuclear
The Earl of Stirling 11, hereditary Governor and Lord Lieutenant of Canada, Lord High Admiral of Nova Scotia, and B.Sc. in Pol. Sc. and History; M.A. in European Studies, “General Middle East War Nears - Syrian events more dangerous than even nuclear nightmare in Japan”, http://europebusines.blogspot.com/2011/03/general-middle-east-war-nears-syrian.html

Any Third Lebanon War/General Middle East War is apt to involve WMD on
AND
, fought with 21st Century weaponry will be anything but the Biblical Armageddon.
Currently, Hezbollah attacks are increasing and will become more deadly
Carafano 13 June 7th, 2013. “Hezbollah Plays a Dangerous Game” James Jay Cafano http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2013/6/james-jay-carafano-hezbollah-plays-a-dangerous-game (James Jay Carafano, a leading expert in national security and foreign policy challenges, is The Heritage Foundation’s Vice President, Foreign and Defense Policy Studies, E. W. Richardson Fellow, and Director of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies)
"The system was blinking red." That's how the 9/11 Commission Report
AND
developing a real strategy to prevent Islamist extremists from hijacking the Arab Spring.
THE A-TEAM OF ISLAMIC TERRORISTS

Hezbollah is an extremely effective organization that can execute in multiple scenarios leading to nuclear terrorism
Allison 04. Graham, Allison. Nuclear terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe. 2004. 34-36. Print.
Before 9/11, the group responsible for the single deadliest terrorist attack on
AND
terror expertise, Hezbollah would be well positioned to escalate to nuclear terrorism.

Additionally, Hezbollah weapons transfers cause third Lebanon war – it has embedded military infrastructure throughout the country
Badran 13 Tony Badran, 7th March 2013. “A Nifty Conceit: The EU, Hezbollah, and Lebanon.” http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/a-nifty-conceit-the-eu-hezbollah-and-lebanon/ (Tony Badran is a Research Fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) in Washington, DC. He focuses on Lebanon, Syria and Hezbollah. His research includes US policy towards Lebanon and Syria; Syrian foreign policy, with a focus on its regional relations and its ties to militant non-state actors and terrorist groups)

The Hezbollah bus bombing in Bulgaria as well as their foiled operation in Cyprus have
AND
take action against the Party of God will only help ensure Lebanon’s demise.

CIA Focus on targeted killing trades off with combating Hezbollah – the CIA needs to shift its foucs
Max Fisher, Nov 21, 11, CIA Outsmarted by Hezbollah: Is This the Cost of Counterterrorism?
http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/11/cia-outsmarted-by-hezbollah-is-this-the-cost-of-counterterrorism/248830/
Since 2001, the U.S. spy agency has been retooled to fight terror, but what has it lost?
The Lebanese militant group Hezbollah has unraveled much of the CIA's mission in Lebanon,
AND
decide whether al-Qaeda and related groups really outweigh all of those threats
Hezbollah is vulnerable to spying, but the CIA to focus more on espionage operations in order to disrupt the organization
Smith 11. Lee Smith “Fallible” http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/84358/fallible (Lee Smith  is an American journalist, and senior editor for The Weekly Standard. He is the author of The Strong Horse: Power, Politics, and the Clash of Arab Civilizations (2003). Smith has written for Slate, the New York Times, the Boston Globe, and a variety of Arab media outlets. He is also a fellow of the Hudson Institute and Foundation for Defense of Democracies.)

Nonetheless, Hezbollah officials are putting up a good front. “The resistance blinded
AND
for certain is that the timing is bad for Hezbollah, divine no more

Creating effective Intelligence gathering is key to stop weapons transfers
Riedel 12 Bruce Riedel. December 12th, 2012. “Syria and Chemical Weapons: What Can the U.S. do now? “http:www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/12/12-syria-chemical-weapons-us-riedel (Bruce Riedel is senior fellow and director of the Brookings Intelligence Project, part of Brookings’ new Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence. Riedel also serves as a senior fellow in the Saban Center for Middle East Policy. Riedel joined Brookings following a 30-year career at the Central Intelligence Agency, a tenure which included multiple overseas postings. He served as a senior advisor to the last four U.S. presidents on South Asia and the Middle East, working as a senior member of the National Security Council)

Syria has the Arab world’s most lethal arsenal of weapons of mass destruction, hundreds
AND
. and Jordanian commandoes need to be ready to secure any loose bombs.

Lack of GAO access stunts congressional capabilities to promote a revolution in intelligence
Nancy C. Roberts et. al. , Editor, Richard J. Harknett, associate professor of political science and chair of the University Faculty at the University of Cincinnati, James A. Stever, Professor at University of Cincinnati, The Struggle to Reform Intelligence after 9/11, Public Administration Review • September | October 2011 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02409.x/asset/j.1540-6210.2011.02409.x.pdf?v=1andt=hmr69l0iands=e5ff970bfdd6af39edc4a3dbaa5e3c920f9f5339
The schism between the executive and Congress has been exacer- bated by the CIA
AND
to reform that is potentially only half traveled or has run its course.

GAO enforcement is essential to intelligence quality – makes intel more effective and efficient
Walker, 7 (David M. Walker, Comptroller of the United States Federal Government, GAO, http://www.fas.org/irp/gao/walker030107.pdf)

Finally, you asked us to address the benefits or drawbacks, if any,
AND
and would continue to do so for its work in the Intelligence Community.
Strong CIA intelligence checks conflict – reliable data is key to leverage that mitigates flashpoints
Human Rights First 2011, “Disrupting the Supply Chain for Mass Atrocities How to Stop Third-Party Enablers of Genocide and Other Crimes Against Humanity”
http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Disrupting_the_Supply_Chain-July_2011.pdf

Intelligence collection and analysis are key to identifying threats of mass atrocities and developing responses
AND
sanctions, or even military actions—is also critical to effective action.

Intel is key to locating rouge states nukes– stops war from going nuclear
Lieber and Press 09 (Keir A.,  Associate Professor @ Georgetown University,  Daryl G., Associate Professor of Government, Dartmouth College, Foreign Affairs, Nov/Dec)
MODELING THE UNTHINKABLE To illustrate the growth in U.S. counterforce capabilities,
AND
the capabilities that would give a U.S. president real options.

1AC Plan Text 

The Congress of the United States federal government should statutorily restrict funding for drone based targeted killing strikes carried out by the Central Intelligence Agency and enforce that restriction through budgetary watchdog organizations.  

Norms
Countries are modeling CIA drone policy
Betty McCollum, 2013- Congressional Record. June 14, 2013. Betty Louise McCollum is the U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 4th congressional district, serving since 2001. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2013-06-14/pdf/CREC-2013-06-14-pt1-PgE861-2.pdf#page=1

Ms. MCCOLLUM. Mr. Speaker, yesterday in the House Appropriations Committee I
AND
to a program that has killed thousands of people—including innocent civilians.

Drone strike accountability crucial to US credibility on drones and sets a model for checks and balances.
Peter J Fusco 12, McGill University, http://archive.atlantic-community.org/index/articles/view/America's_Drone_Strikes_Setting_Dangerous_Precedent_

The Obama administration is setting a very dangerous global precedence for sending drones over borders
AND
whole idea of taking costly measures to avoid war and protect international diplomacy.

Absent a model drone proliferation continues – it will escalate existing conflicts and erode global deterrence without strong norms. This risks multiple scenarios for international conflict.
Boyle 13. Michael J. Boyle. January 15th, 2013. (Michael Boyle is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at La Salle University in Philadelphia. He was previously a Lecturer in International Relations and Research Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV) at the University of St. Andrews. He is also an alumnus of the Political Science Department at La Salle. ) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2346.12002/abstract

An important, but overlooked, strategic consequence of the Obama’s administration’s embrace
AND
the coercive instruments of power and against those who dare to challenge them.

These conflicts go nuclear.
Jürgen Altmann 10, Researcher and lecturer at the University of Dortmund, is one of the founding members of the International Committee for Robot Arms Control, http://www.irf.ac.at/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=viewandid=314andItemid=1

Where do you see the main challenges for the international community regarding the use of
AND
A human decision in each single weapon use should be the minimum requirement.
Congress key to legal clarity
Mark David Maxwell, Colonel, Judge Advocate with the U.S. Army, Winter 2012, TARGETED KILLING, THE LAW, AND TERRORISTS, Joint Force Quarterly, http://www.ndu.edu/press/targeted-killing.html

The weakness of this theory is that it is not codified in U.S
AND
eschews what gives a state its greatest safety: the rule of law. 

Only only Congress solves public trust.
Goldsmith 13 – (5/1, Jack, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, former Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel from 2003–2004, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense from 2002–2003, member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, “How Obama Undermined the War on Terror,” http://www.newrepublic.com/article/112964/obamas-secrecy-destroying-american-support-counterterrorism)

Feeling the heat from these developments, President Obama promised in his recent State of the Union address "to engage with Congress to ensure not only that our targeting, detention, and prosecution of terrorists remains consistent with our laws and system of checks and balances, but that our efforts are even more transparent to the American people and to the world." So far, this promise, like similar previous ones, remains unfulfilled.
The administration has floated the idea of "shifting the CIA's lethal targeting program
AND
CIA's, and its congressional oversight is, if anything, less robust.
A bigger problem with this proposed fix is that it contemplates executive branch reorganization followed
AND
, even if it means that secret war abroad is harder to conduct.
Administration officials resist this route because they worry about the outcome of the public debate
AND
for which he alone is today responsible, is increasingly viewed as illegitimate.

Means executive transparency fails – destroys the sustainability of the drone program in the future.
Goldsmith 13 – (5/1, Jack, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, former Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel from 2003–2004, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense from 2002–2003, member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, “How Obama Undermined the War on Terror,” http://www.newrepublic.com/article/112964/obamas-secrecy-destroying-american-support-counterterrorism)

For official secrecy abroad to work, the secrets must be kept at home as
AND
administration from responding to follow-up questions, criticisms, and charges.
As a result, much of what the administration says about its secret war—
AND
more about the way of the knife through Freedom of Information Act requests.
A related sin is the Obama administration's surprising failure to secure formal congressional support.
AND
the possibility that Congress might not give the president precisely what he wants.
The administration that embraced the way of the knife in order to lower the political
AND
and unfamiliar war for which he would need sustained domestic and international support."

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 7 | Opponent: Michigan Batra-Jacome | Judge: Gonzalez
Countries are modeling CIA drone policy
Betty McCollum, 2013- Congressional Record. June 14, 2013. Betty Louise McCollum is the U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 4th congressional district, serving since 2001. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2013-06-14/pdf/CREC-2013-06-14-pt1-PgE861-2.pdf#page=1

Ms. MCCOLLUM. Mr. Speaker, yesterday in the House Appropriations Committee I
AND
to a program that has killed thousands of people—including innocent civilians.

Drone strike accountability crucial to US credibility on drones and sets a model for checks and balances.
Peter J Fusco 12, McGill University, http://archive.atlantic-community.org/index/articles/view/America's_Drone_Strikes_Setting_Dangerous_Precedent_

The Obama administration is setting a very dangerous global precedence for sending drones over borders
AND
whole idea of taking costly measures to avoid war and protect international diplomacy.

Absent a model drone proliferation continues – it will escalate existing conflicts and erode global deterrence without strong norms. This risks multiple scenarios for international conflict.
Boyle 13. Michael J. Boyle. January 15th, 2013. (Michael Boyle is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at La Salle University in Philadelphia. He was previously a Lecturer in International Relations and Research Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV) at the University of St. Andrews. He is also an alumnus of the Political Science Department at La Salle. ) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2346.12002/abstract

An important, but overlooked, strategic consequence of the Obama’s administration’s embrace
AND
the coercive instruments of power and against those who dare to challenge them.

These conflicts go nuclear.
Jürgen Altmann 10, Researcher and lecturer at the University of Dortmund, is one of the founding members of the International Committee for Robot Arms Control, http://www.irf.ac.at/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=viewandid=314andItemid=1

Where do you see the main challenges for the international community regarding the use of
AND
A human decision in each single weapon use should be the minimum requirement.

Congress is essential -
a). Only congress can solve public trust
Goldsmith 13 – (5/1, Jack, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, former Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel from 2003–2004, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense from 2002–2003, member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, “How Obama Undermined the War on Terror,” http://www.newrepublic.com/article/112964/obamas-secrecy-destroying-american-support-counterterrorism)

Feeling the heat from these developments, President Obama promised in his recent State of the Union address "to engage with Congress to ensure not only that our targeting, detention, and prosecution of terrorists remains consistent with our laws and system of checks and balances, but that our efforts are even more transparent to the American people and to the world." So far, this promise, like similar previous ones, remains unfulfilled.
The administration has floated the idea of "shifting the CIA's lethal targeting program
AND
CIA's, and its congressional oversight is, if anything, less robust.
A bigger problem with this proposed fix is that it contemplates executive branch reorganization followed
AND
, even if it means that secret war abroad is harder to conduct.
Administration officials resist this route because they worry about the outcome of the public debate
AND
for which he alone is today responsible, is increasingly viewed as illegitimate.

B). Executive transparency fails – that destroys the sustainability of the drone program in the future
Goldsmith 13 – (5/1, Jack, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, former Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel from 2003–2004, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense from 2002–2003, member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, “How Obama Undermined the War on Terror,” http://www.newrepublic.com/article/112964/obamas-secrecy-destroying-american-support-counterterrorism)

For official secrecy abroad to work, the secrets must be kept at home as
AND
administration from responding to follow-up questions, criticisms, and charges.
As a result, much of what the administration says about its secret war—
AND
more about the way of the knife through Freedom of Information Act requests.
A related sin is the Obama administration's surprising failure to secure formal congressional support.
AND
the possibility that Congress might not give the president precisely what he wants.
The administration that embraced the way of the knife in order to lower the political
AND
and unfamiliar war for which he would need sustained domestic and international support." 

C). Congress is crucial to legal clarity because it provides statutory codification
Mark David Maxwell, Colonel, Judge Advocate with the U.S. Army, Winter 2012, TARGETED KILLING, THE LAW, AND TERRORISTS, Joint Force Quarterly, http://www.ndu.edu/press/targeted-killing.html
The weakness of this theory is that it is not codified in U.S
AND
eschews what gives a state its greatest safety: the rule of law.

Tournament: Vanderbilt | Round: 6 | Opponent: Samford Kimball-Sessions | Judge: Waldinger
Plan: The United States federal government should statutorily restrict funding for drone-based targeted killing strikes carried out under Title 50 and enforce that restriction through budgetary watchdog organizations.

Tournament: Vanderbilt | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgia State Floyd-Stewart | Judge: Steiner
The Congress of the United States federal government should statutorily restrict funding for targeted killing strikes carried out under Tittle 50 and enforce that restriction through budgetary watchdog organizations.

Tournament: Vanderbilt | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgia Sharpe-Sigalow | Judge: Steinberg
Plan: The Congress of the United States federal government should statutorily restrict funding for drone based targeted killing strikes carried out by the Central Intelligence Agency and enforce that restriction through budgetary watchdog organizations.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Stone
Obama will follow through- aligns himself with Congress
Bellinger ’13 (John B. Bellinger III, Adjunct Senior Fellow for International and National Security Law, “Seeking Daylight on U.S. Drone Policy”, http://www.cfr.org/drones/seeking-daylight-us-drone-policy/p30348, March 29, 2013)
The president also has additional constitutional authority anytime to use force to protect the Unites
AND
that they are acting outside of the grant given to them by Congress.

Congress would invoke the power of the purse- solves
Elsea et al ’13 (Jennifer K. Elsea, Legislative Attorney; Michael John Garcia, Legislative Attorney; Thomas J. Nicola, Legislative Attorney; CRS Report for Congress, “Congressional Authority to Limit Military Operations”, http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/206121.pdf, February 19, 2013)
The Purpose Statute states that funds may be used only for purposes for which they
AND
the amount— zero—that Congress has appropriated for the prohibited purpose.

Congress exerting the power of the purse key to check presidential warfare
Fisher ‘7 (Louis Fisher is a specialist in constitutional law with the Law
AND
Exercising Congress’s Constitutional Power to End a War”, January 30, 2007)

The framers carefully studied this monarchical model and repudiated it in its entirety. Not
AND
, from those who are to spend to those who are to pay.”

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Stone
Counter-interp- “targeted killing” is lethal force against those not in custody- broad definitions are comparatively better than scholars like Anderson- it’s most real world for legal practice
Guardian ’13 Jan, translator at the International Monetary Fund, Resident Representative Office in Belarus, “TARGETED KILLINGS: A SUMMARY,” http://acontrarioicl.com/2013/02/27/targeted-killings-a-summary/
Currently there is no legal definition of targeted killings in either international or domestic law
AND
, remain the incidental result of an operation pursuing other aims).8

Our interpretation is best -
1). They limit the heart of the topic- most strikes are signature-based, and they only allow bad drones affs that don’t solve
VanValkenberg 3-2-13 Noah VanValkenberg, Contributing Writer for Outside Colby, a non-partisan political publication, “Making Drones More Effective: Refining a Necessary Practice in Warfare,” http://outsidecolby.com/2013/03/making-drones-more-effective-refining-a-necessary-practice-in-warfare/

Drones are a crucial piece of the United States’ global war on terror. They
AND
going to funerals, because they are so frequently targeted by signature strikes.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Stone
U.S. is losing the war on terror now. The plan is needed to change that course.
Atkinson 11-12-13. “What’s wrong with the war on terror?” http://www.gilmermirror.com/view/full_story/24034397/article-What-s-Wrong-with-the-War-on-Terror-?instance=home_news_bullets
(Connie Atkinson is the author ofThe Brotherhood of Purity,a novel exploring the mind of a terrorist and whether mankind can build a world at peace. She is also a professor of history at the University of New Orleans)

U.S. Drones sweep across the landscape in Pakistan and Afghanistan, killing
AND
our struggle to know and understand each other can have the same effect.

Intel is key in winning on the war on terror
Anna-Katherine Staser McGill 12, School of Graduate and Continuing Studies in Diplomacy, Norwich University, David Gray, Campbell University, Summer 2012, “Challenges to International Counterterrorism Intelligence Sharing,” http://globalsecuritystudies.com/McGill20Intel20Share.pdf
In his article “Old Allies and New Friends: Intelligence-Sharing in the
AND
term CT alliances must also be addressed in order to sustain current operations.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Concordia College Bosch-Snelling | Judge: Stone
Only congress can leverage the GAO
By Julian Sanchez, Julian Sanchez is a research fellow at the Cato Institute and a contributing editor for Reason magazine, Newsweek on July 29, 2010. “Why the Intelligence Community Needs GAO Oversight” http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/why-intelligence-community-needs-gao-oversight?print
The shroud of secrecy that necessarily shields intelligence work has always made robust internal oversight
AND
into building a surveillance and national security state are really making us safer.
Counter plan doesn’t solve and links to politics- the president will overreach his power
Eric A. Posner + and Adrian Vermeule ++, + Kirkland and Ellis Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School, ++ Professor of Law, Harvard Law School. Copyright (c) 2007 University of Chicago, University of Chicago Law Review Summer, 2007, 74 U. Chi. L. Rev. 865

With discretion comes distrust. n2 Voters and legislators grant the executive discretion, through
AND
builder, interested in expanding his turf at the expense of other institutions.
Where the executive is indeed ill motivated in any of these ways, constraining his
AND
-- and in any event everything depends upon the particulars of the case.

Future presidents prevent solvency
Harvard Law Review 12, "Developments in the Law: Presidential Authority," Vol. 125:2057, www.harvardlawreview.org/media/pdf/vol125_devo.pdf
The recent history of signing statements demonstrates how public opinion can effectively check presidential expansions
AND
practices. 147 Only time, and perhaps public opinion, will tell.

The CP is implementation of plan's statute otherwise the CP doesn't solve legal signal
Gitterman 13
Daniel Gitterman is associate professor of Public Policy at UNC-Chapel Hill, Presidential Studies Quarterly, June 2013, "The American Presidency and the Power of the Purchaser", Vol. 43, No. 2, Ebsco
Presidents and their staffs consider executive orders an indispensable policy and political tool (Mayer
AND
than 80 of the cases that go to trial (Howell 2005).

CP links to politics more
Billy Hallowell 13, writer for The Blaze, B.A. in journalism and broadcasting from the College of Mount Saint Vincent in Riverdale, New York and an M.S. in social research from Hunter College in Manhattan, “HERE’S HOW OBAMA IS USING EXECUTIVE POWER TO BYPASS LEGISLATIVE PROCESS” Feb. 11, 2013, http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/02/11/heres-how-obamas-using-executive-power-to-bylass-legislative-process-plus-a-brief-history-of-executive-orders/
“In an era of polarized parties and a fragmented Congress, the opportunities to
AND
a partisan content, with contemporary complaints coming from the incumbent president’s opponents.”