Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 1 | Opponent: Western Connecticut State Pasquence-Wolff | Judge: Glass
Their unproblematic construction of “blindness” is a form of ableist Othering that distorts the experiences of those who live it
Gallagher, Professor at University of Northern Iowa, 2006
(Deborah J., Ph.D. from University of Virginia, “On Using Blindness as Metaphor and Difficult Questions: A Response to Ben-Moshe,” Disability Studies Quarterly, Volume 26, No. 2, Online, Written Spring 2006, Accessed 03/26/2013, AJH)

 Blindness cannot be …. obviate its limitations.  

Visibility metaphors ignore the social position of the Other
Davidson, Vice chair in the Department of Literature, University of California, 8
(Michael, 2008, “Concerto for the left hand: disability and the defamiliar body,” accessed Hathi Trust 10-17-13, mee)

We could see Saramago's …. perspective on it.

Voting issue – Ableist Speech mystifies oppression and destroys the purpose of public debate – the impacts outweigh
Wheelchair Dancer, Social Activist, 2008
("On Making Argument: Disability and Language," Online, Written 04/28/2008, Accessed 10/13/2012, RKB)

If you are feeling a …in the first place.

The alternative is to reject the ableist language of the 1AC
Failure to confront Ableism at the rhetorical level means all challenges to oppression will ultimately reify an Ableist paradigm of power. Only we solve.
Cherney, Assistant Professor at Wayne State University, 2011
(James L., Ph.D. from Indiana University, “The Rhetoric of Ableism,” Disability Studies Quarterly, Volume 31, No. 3, Written in 2011, Accessed 03/26/2013, AJH)

In this essay I analyze …recalcitrant ableist system.

Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 1 | Opponent: Western Connecticut State Pasquence-Wolff | Judge: Glass
They have misidentified what war we’re in—flowing their arguments and potentially offering the ballot belies everything they’ve said about liberal gestures of inclusion—inclusion in debate space is an empty gesture that ensures nothing changes
Zizek, University of Ljubljana Institute of Sociology senior researcher, 8
(Slavoj, 2008, “The Prospects of Radical Politics Today,” International Journal of Baudrillard Studies, accessed 1/25/14, http://www.egs.edu/faculty/slavoj-zizek/articles/the-prospects-of-radical-politics-today/, kns)

Let us take two …. background.3

Impact is extinction – focus on constant production and market solutions generate crises and precludes other alternatives
Holleman, University of Oregon Ph.D. in Sociology, 12
(Hannah Ann. “ENERGY JUSTICE AND FOUNDATIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOCIOLOGY OF ENERGY.” June 2012. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/12419/Holleman_oregon_0171A_10410.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed: 1/5/2013. ADC)

 As Marilyn Waring noted …. through various theoretical lenses. 

Our alternative is boring politics—it’s the only way to prevent criticism from being an end in itself
Frank, political analyst, The Baffler editor, 12
(Thomas, 2012, “To the Precinct Station,” accessed 1/21/14, http://www.thebaffler.com/past/to_the_precinct_station, kns)

Occupy itself is …. protesting is all about.

We are all responsible for the extension of ideology; even in the face of seemingly impossible circumstances you have an ethical responsibility to use the ballot to refuse minor changes in the system in order to challenge the system that sanctions the violence of capitalism
Daly, Politics Senior Lecturer University College, Northampton, 4
(“Slavoj Zizek: A Primer” http://www.lacan.com/zizek-primer.htm, accessed 6-30-10) RKB

Building on Laclau ,…. passing to the act.

Tournament: Navy | Round: 3 | Opponent: George Mason Thomas-Melton | Judge: McGrath
The United States federal government should pass a concurrent Congressional resolution expressing Congressional support for an increase in statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President by banning targeted killing in Yemen and expressing the intent to remove funding if the executive continues to strike in Yemen. 

It competes – it’s not a statutory restriction
Swaine, George Washington Law professor, 10
(Edward, 2010, “The Political Economy of Youngstown,” accessed 11/20/13, http://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017andcontext=faculty_publications, kns)

Furthermore, Justice Jackson’s ..... better indicia.108

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Samford CH | Judge: Ben Schultz
Obama strategically avoided defeat on Syria and Summers – the plan signals weakness the GOP will exploit on debt ceiling
Garrett, distinguished fellow, George Washington University School of Media and Public Affairs, 9-17
(Major, National Journal correspondent, “A September to Surrender: Syria and Summers Spell Second-Term Slump,” 9-17-13, http://www.nationaljournal.com/all-powers/a-september-to-surrender-syria-and-summers-spell-second-term-slump-20130917, DOA: 9-21-13, ara)

And Senate Democrats were ....were so unyielding and damaging. 

Reducing Obama’s war powers causes a loss of cred – Republicans will put up fights on the debt ceiling that wreck the markets
Seeking Alpha, 9-10-13
(“Syria Could Upend Debt Ceiling Fight”, Accessed 9-15-13, http://seekingalpha.com/article/1684082-syria-could-upend-debt-ceiling-fight) NJR

Currently, the government..."black swan" event.

Global economic crisis causes another nuclear war
Merlini, Center on the United States and Europe nonresident senior fellow, 2011
(Cesare, “A Post-Secular World?”, Survival, 53.2, ebsco, ldg)

Two neatly opposed .... such as unbridled nationalism.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Samford CH | Judge: Ben Schultz
CP solves- self-binding mechanisms ensure effective constraints and executive credibility
Posner and Vermeule, University of Chicago professor and Harvard Law School professor, 6
(Eric and Adrian, 9/19/6, “The Credible Executive,” Social Science Network, accessed 9/14/13, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=931501, kns)

IV. Executive Signaling: Law and Mechanisms .... excuse not to use those mechanisms.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Michigan LM | Judge: Colli Roark

1. The roll of the ballot is to answer the resolutional question “whether topical action is better then the status quo or competitive option”

“Resolved” before a colon reflects a legislative forum
Army Officer School 2005
(“# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, 5-12, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm, DOA: 2-1-12, ldg)

The colon introduces the following:... the mayor.

 “USFG should” means the debate is solely about a policy established by governmental means
Ericson, California Polytechnic dean emeritus, 2003
(Jon, The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, pg 4, ldg)

The Proposition of Policy: ... you propose. 

2. They claim to win the debate for reasons other than the desirability of topical action

3. Vote Negative:

A. Deliberative decision making

Debate over a controversial point of action creates argumentative stasis—that’s key to avoid a devolution of debate into competing truth claims, which destroys the decision-making benefits of the activity
Steinberg and Freeley, Miami communication studies lecturer and Boston based attorney, 2008
(David and Austin, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, pg 45, ldg)

Debate is a means ... in the following discussion.

Switch side debate is key to the deliberative process-by ensuring testing focusing on content and argument resolution-it is a better way in engaging with policymakers-prefer this open-ended method to dogmatic assertions that institutions are unsalvageable.
Mitchell, Pittsburgh communication professor, 2010
(Gordon, “Switch-Side Debating Meets Demand-Driven Rhetoric Of Science”, Rhetoric and Public Affairs, 13.1, ebsco, ldg)

The watchwords.... of heterogeneous content. 

Limits are key to deliberation-it doesn’t constrain perspectives, but channels difference toward effective argumentation
Glover, Connecticut political science professor, 2010
(Robert, “Games without Frontiers?: Democratic Engagement, Agonistic Pluralism, and the Question of Exclusion”, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 36, project muse, ldg)

Recent democratic .... and frontiers

Discussion of specific policy questions is crucial for skills development--- discussion is vital to force engagement with and resolution of competing perspectives to improve social outcomes, ---and, it breaks out of traditional pedagogical frameworks by positing students as agents of decision-making
Esberg, New York University's Center on International Cooperation Special Assistant to the Director, and Sagan, Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation Director, 2012
(Jane, Winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, Scott, Stanford University Professor of Political Science, “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10736700.2012.655089, DOA: 10-16-12, ads)

These government... on information. 14

Dialogic democracy is the best way to dismantle racism—our vision of debate is the opposite of exclusion
Gooding-Williams, University of Chicago Political Science Professor, 2003
(Robert, Faculty Associate of the Chicago Center for Contemporary Theory and an affiliate of the Center for the Study of Race, Politics and Culture, Adjunct Professor of African American Studies, and an affiliate of the Program in Critical Theory, “Race, Multiculturalism and Democracy,” Constellations, Volume 5, Issue 1, pages 18–41, DOA: 10-19-12, ads)

 I begin with ...., specifically race-conscious.

Role playing as public actors shatters apathy and political alienation which is critical to check inequality and exploitation
Mitchell, communications professor at Pittsburgh University, 2000
(Gordon, “SIMULATED PUBLIC ARGUMENT AS A PEDAGOGICAL PLAY ON WORLDS.”, Argumentation and Advocacy 36.3 (Wntr 2000): p134, OneFile, ldg)

When we assume...ory potential.

Tournament: Jvnovicenationals | Round: 1 | Opponent: Binghamton Kurihara-Smith | Judge: Patrice
Interpretation: The aff needs to advocate for a macro-political action.
Violation: The aff is a micro-political advocacy. 

Standards:
A. Ground- it’s impossible to generate negative offense against such a minor advocacy- there are two impacts: 

1. Fairness- it’s a priori impact- it determines the negative’s ability to engage in this debate.
   2. Maintaining even division of ground and contestability is key to maintain debate’s unique potential for educational dialogue-alternative interpretations-guarantee uneducational monologues.
   Hanghoj, Aarhus education assistant professor, 2008
   (Thorkild, “Playful Knowledge An Explorative Study of Educational Gaming”, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf, DOA: 3-3-13, ldg)

Debate games are …. end in itself” (Wegerif, 2006: 61). 

Dialogue is the biggest impact—the process of discussion precedes any truth claim by magnifying the benefits of any discussion
Morson, Northwestern professor, 2004
(Gary, Bakhtinian Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Learning (Learning in Doing: Social, Cognitive and Computational Perspectives), pg 330-2, ldg)

A belief in …. the conversation going. 

B. Predictability- impossible to predict such minor changes to the status quo and prepare for them

Effective deliberative discourse is the lynchpin to solving all existential social and political problems
Lundberg, UNC Chapel Hill communications professor, 2010
(Christian, Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, pg 311-3, ldg)

The second major …. colleges and universities.

C. Education- debate’s educational and emancipatory potential are only accessed by hypothetical discussions about advocacies and policies. 

Small scale action doesn’t spillover-cedes legal power to reactionary forces
Lobel, University of San Diego law professor, 2007
(Orly, “ARTICLE: THE PARADOX OF EXTRALEGAL ACTIVISM: CRITICAL LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND TRANSFORMATIVE POLITICS”, February, 120 Harv. L. Rev. 937, lexis, ldg)

Both the practical …of self-mystification

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Miami KY | Judge: Sean Lowry
Heg high now- military strength is key
Kagan, PhD, Brookings Institute fellow, 12
(Robert, 1/17/12, “Not Fade Away: Against the Myth of American Decline,” accessed 9/5/13, http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2012/0117_us_power_kagan.aspx, kins)

Military capacity matters....predominant in every region of the world. 

Forward deployed forces key to influence
Flourney and Davidson, New American Security co-founder and George Mason Public Policy professor, 12
(Mcihele, and Janine, July/August 2012, “Obama’s New Global Posture,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 91 No.4, accessed 9/1/13, Ebsco, kns)

THE LOGIC OF SUSTAINED ....emerging threats and crises.

U.S. hegemonic decline causes global great-power war, collapses trade and spreads economic nationalism and protectionism
Zhang et al., Carnegie Endowment researcher, 2011
(Yuhan, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry”, 1-22, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/, DOA: 9-21-11, ldg)

This does not necessarily mean ....devoid of unrivalled US primacy

That causes great power war
Hillebrand, Kentucky diplomacy professor, 2010
(Evan, “Deglobalization Scenarios: Who Wins? Who Loses?”, Global Economy Journal, Volume 10, Issue 2, ebsco, ldg)

A long line of writers ...probability for interstate war rises.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Missouri State PR | Judge: Scott Herndon
Text: The ICC should exercise its existing jurisdiction to prosecute acts of terrorism

Solves the aff with an international legal consensus
Maloney-Dunn, Willamette University College of Law International Human Rights professor, 2010
(Kathleen, “Humanizing Terrorism Through International Criminal Law: Equal Justice for Victims, Fair Treatment of Suspects, and Fundamental Human Rights at the ICC,” Santa Clara Journal of International Law, September 12, 2010, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1675567, accessed 7/29/13, kns)

It is ....?national security.?

Use of international tribunals is key to checking the executive and solving terrorism
Maloney-Dunn, Willamette University College of Law International Human Rights professor, 2010
(Kathleen, “Humanizing Terrorism Through International Criminal Law: Equal Justice for Victims, Fair Treatment of Suspects, and Fundamental Human Rights at the ICC,” Santa Clara Journal of International Law, September 12, 2010, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1675567, accessed 7/29/13, kns)

In contrast,... for reparations.

International forums provide legitimacy and prevent international backlash- solves heg
Reeves, Major, U.S. Army, West Point Law professor, 2009
(Shane, “International Criminal Trials for the Guantanamo "Hard Cases",” Harvard International Review, March 2, 2009, http://hir.harvard.edu/international-criminal-trials-for-the-guantanamo-hard-cases, accessed 7/31/13, kns)

The inability .... to the current debate.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Missouri State PR | Judge: Scott Herndon
Iran looking to compromise on nuclear program – Obama’s perceived flex is key
Benen, MSNBC Contributer, 13
(Steve, 9/20/13, “When Crises Become Opportunities,” accessed 10/2/13, http://maddowblog.msnbc.com/_news/2013/09/20/20599445-when-crises-become-opportunities?lite, kns)

That said, ...toward the Middle East.

Aff suspends all military options
Howell et al, PhD, University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy professor, 7
(William and Jon C. Pevehouse, 2007, “While Dangers Gather: Congressional Checks on Presidential War Powers, accessed 10/3/13, Google Books, kns)

Immersed in all ... calculation.

Kills negotiations- perception of weakness and lack of military options
Ross, Washington Institute for Near East Policy counselor, 13
(Dennis, 9/9/13, “Blocking Action on Syria Makes an Attack on Iran More Likely,” accessed 10/3/13, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/blocking-action-on-syria-makes-an-attack-on-iran-more-likely/2013/09/09/dd655466-1963-11e3-8685-5021e0c41964_story.html, kns)

Still, for the opponents .... and maybe it should.

Nuclear Iran leads to Saudi Arabia gaining nuclear – causes wide spread proliferation
Roberts, PhD Gonville and Caius College, 11
(Andrew, 1-2-11, “Iran’s Nuclear Domino Effect”, DOA: 8-9-13, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/01/02/irans-nuclear-weapons-could-lead-to-a-saudi-and-pakistan-alliance.html, llc)

Might the impending.... more dangerous.

Tournament: App State | Round: 2 | Opponent: James Madison Hadi-Pereira | Judge: Mathis
Obama holding off Iran Sanctions now – PC Key
Foreign Policy 11-15
(“Obama Admin: More Iran Sanctions Will Fracture Anti-Nuke Alliance” 11-15-13 http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/11/15/obama_admin_more_iran_sanctions_will_fracture_anti_nuke_alliance accessed: 11-15-13 mlb)

 The Obama administration …. faith with them." 

Restrictions on the Presidents war powers authority crush his credibility and derail his agenda
Edwards and Howell, Professors of Political Science, 09
(George C., University Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Jordan Chair in Presidential Studies at Texas AandM University, and William G., Sydney Stein Professor in American Politics at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy Studies, “The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency”, accessed on Google Books)

Yet, manipulating …. future power prospects.

Sanctions destroy Iran negotiations kills US cred and alliances
Nader, The Hill, ‘13
(Alirez “ Pause on additional Iran sanctions crucial to negotiations” 11-5-13 http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/189371-pause-on-additional-iran-sanctions-crucial-to-negotiations accessed: 11-15-13 mlb)

Iran has demonstrated …. for the right goals. 

Nuclear Iran results in geopolitical shock that hurts the US economy
Warner, the daily telegraph assistant editor, 09
(Jeremy, Britain’s leading business and economic commentators, 9-25-09, “Iran’s Nuclear Ambitions Threaten Economic Meltdown”, DOA: 8-9-13, http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/finance/jeremywarner/100001095/irans-nuclear-ambitions-threaten-economic-meltdown/, llc)

The biggest threat …. been all used up. 

Econ decline goes nuclear
Kempt, Nixon Center regional strategic programs director, 2010
(Geoffrey, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, pg 233-4, ldg)

The second scenario, …. of the planet’s population.

Tournament: Navy | Round: 6 | Opponent: James Madison Yim-Montiero | Judge: Murray
The affirmative represents a strategy of lip service restraint re-affirms executive power granting legitimacy to sovereign manipulation of law
Posner, Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School and Vermeule, Legal Scholar, 2010
(Eric A., editor of The Journal of Legal Studies and Adrian, clerked for the Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, “ The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic”, Oxford University Press, pp. 207-209, accessed on 10/15/13, Ben)

Some commentators argue .... actions in tension with the law.

The affirmatives call for legal reformation is just a guise of leftist legalism – the affirmative results in cooptation, subjugation and a justification of continued exclusion and oppression
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right .... practice called critique.

Legalism underpins the violence of empire and creates the conditions of possibility for liberal violence
Dossa, St. Francis Xavier University Political Science professor, 99
(Shiraz, Liberal Legalism: Law, Culture and Identity,” The European Legacy, Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 73-87, accessed 11/19/13, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/citedby/10.1080/10848779908579973#tabModule, kns)

No discipline in .... the perpetual foreigner.

Therefore, the alternative is simply to critique. Critique offers the possibility of creating a new space that places education before political aspiration, discourse before policy, and historically marginalized perspectives before the advancement of
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.25-33, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

The most common complaint ..... the two projects.

Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 6 | Opponent: NYU Helmreich-Itliong | Judge: Maerowitz
Minimum wage will pass now – it’s top of docket and PC is key to pressuring Republicans
Zeiler, associate editor, Money Morning, 2-20
(David, “How the 2014 Minimum Wage Debate Will End,” 2-20-14, http://moneymorning.com/2014/02/20/2014-minimum-wage-debate-will-end/, DOA: 2-22-14, ara)

The latest exchange …. issue for them... 

Restrictions on the Presidents war powers authority crush his credibility and derail his agenda
Edwards and Howell, Professors of Political Science, 09
(George C., University Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Jordan Chair in Presidential Studies at Texas AandM University, and William G., Sydney Stein Professor in American Politics at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy Studies, “The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency”, accessed on Google Books)

Yet, manipulating public …. future power prospects.

Minimum wage key to solve consumer spending and inequalities – that’s key to continued recovery
Crittenden, Wall Street Journal Reporter, 1-16-14
(Michael, “Reich: Policies to Help Poor Could Be Boon for Big Business,” accessed 1-16-14, http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2014/01/16/reich-policies-to-help-poor-could-be-boon-for-big-business/)

Want to be a U… going,” he said.

Decline causes war
Royal, director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010
(Jedediah, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215, ldg)

Less intuitive is how … to those views.

Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 6 | Opponent: NYU Helmreich-Itliong | Judge: Maerowitz
The judiciary adheres to political question deference now – but doctrinal repudiation would reverse that
Franck, New York University Law school professor, 12
(Thomas, 2012, “Political Questions/ Judicial Answers”, DOA: 12-18-13, llc)

Sensitive to this …. reasons. 

Plan breaks the political question doctrine – triggers a slippery slope
Ehrfurth, Marquette Law School JD candidate, 11
(Christopher, 10-10-11, “The Extrajudicial Killing of Anwar – al Awlaki”, DOA: 12-18-13, http://law.marquette.edu/facultyblog/2011/10/10/the-extrajudicial-killing-of-anwar-al-awlaki/, llc)

The legality of …. would choose differently.

PQD key to global intelligence and cooperation – solves terrorism
Dhooge, GIT Law Prof, 7
(Lucien, “The Political Question Doctrine And Corporate Complicity In Extraordinary Rendition,” accessed 2-9-14, 21 Temp. Int'l and Comp. L.J. 311, lexis, hec)

The complaint alleges …. political question doctrine.

Terrorism causes extinction
Hellman, Stanford Engineering Prof, 8
(Martin E., emeritus prof of engineering at Stanford, Spring 2008, “Risk Analysis of Nuclear Deterrence” accessed 8-26-13, http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf, hec)

The threat of nuclear …..—not an option.

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wake Forest Brown-Hillard | Judge: Sciullo
Saudi backing US drones in the status quo- key to overcome all other tensions in relations and key to Saudi instability
Eakin, Senior Editor of The New York Review, 12
(Hugh, 5-21-12, "Saudi Arabia and the New US War in Yemen," da 1-20-14, NYR, http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2012/may/21/saudi-arabia-and-new-us-war-yemen/, mee)

What seems clear …… remains an open question.

Collapse of U.S.-Saudi relations causes Saudi prolif
Lippman, Diplomatic and National Security Reporter at The Washington Post, 08
Thomas, “Nuclear Weapons and Saudi Strategy The Middle East Institute Policy Brief No. 5, 7/30/11, atl

So let us ….. rather than more.

Extinction
Edelman, Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 11
(Eric, Former Undersecretary for Defense—AND—Andrew Krepinevich—President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments—AND—Evan Montgomery—Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments “The dangers of a nuclear Iran,” FA 90;1, http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf, accessed 9-29-11, tlr)

We r e Saudi …. regional nuclear war.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Miami KY | Judge: Sean Lowry
The aff perpetuates the rhetoric of crisis and security, and the aff impacts are based on incorrect linear scenario predictions. This leads to bureaucratic compartmentalization and faulty policy-analysis.  The impact is systematic otherization and militarized responses that culminate in war.
Ahmed, Institute for Policy Research and Development director, 2012
(Nafeez, “The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society”, Global Change, Peace and Security, 23.3, SAGE, ldg)

The twenty-first .....culminate in violent conflict.

The aff’s logic of security is based on a desire to control and manage that renders everything knowable and hence predictable.  This static epistemology results in a static ontology of the self and politics, destroying personal agency in decision-making, reifying structural antagonisms, and culminating in limitless war and otherization.  Vote neg to reject the logic of the 1AC.  Only a radical negation can disrupt dominant epistemologies.
Burke, New South Wales IR professor, 2007
(Anthony, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason”, Theory and Event, 10.2, project muse, ldg)

I see such a drive for ontological .....insecurity and violence? Will our thought?

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Miami KY | Judge: Sean Lowry
Destroys presidential flexibility and is unconstitutional
Yoo, Berkeley Law Professor, ‘12
(John, AEI visiting scholar,  “War Powers Belong to the President” 2-1-12 http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/war_powers_belong_to_the_president accessed: 8-13-13 mlb)

 The most important of the president’s ...war only once beforehand.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Michigan LM | Judge: Colli Roark
Focusing on liberation requires re-affirmation of animality to justify the liberation of those the affirmative targets which re-entrenches speciesism.
Kim, UC Irvine political science professor, 2009
(Claire, “Slaying the Beast:  Reflections on Race, Culture, and Species”, http://aapf.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kalfou.pdf, ldg)

Dyson gives .... actions 

There is an institutional bias in favor of speciesism-the AFF’s failure to directly challenge it allows hegemonic discourses to constrain the parameters of discussion and political activity which allows specieisism to continue.
Jackman, UC Davis sociology professor, 1994
(Mary, The Velvet Glove: Paternalism and Conflict in Gender, Class, and Race Relations, pg 64-68, ldg)

The institutionalization .... basis for durable social control.

Speciesism is root cause of oppression –domination of animals is origin of human hierarchy
Best 8
Steve, Associate Professor of Humanities and Philosophy at the University of Texas, El Paso, USA, “Total Revolution: Revolution for the 21st Century,” March 2008, http://www.animalrightsafrica.org/onestruggle/keynote.php ara

In the fourth century BCE,...to dispose the oppressed.
NOTE- conditio sine qua non 

The alternative is to embrace the standpoint of the animal—this overcomes the humanist bias of the affirmative scholarship, connects the experiences of human and non-human animals and allows for total liberation by providing understanding of all oppression
Best, UT El Paso philosophy professor, 2009
(Steven, “The Rise of Critical Animal Studies: Putting Theory into Action and Animal Liberation into Higher Education “, Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume VII, Issue 1, 2009, http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/issue_9/JCAS20VII20Issue20120MAY20ISSUE20The20Rise20of20Critical20Animal20Studies20pgs209-52.pdf, ldg)

Postmodern critiques ... healing and balance.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 5 | Opponent: Miami GS | Judge: Brendon Bankey
Restrictions are prohibitions –
Supreme Court of Delaware 83
(THE MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF NEW CASTLE, a municipal corporation of the State of Delaware, Plaintiff Below, Appellant, v. ROLLINS OUTDOOR ADVERTISING, INC., Defendant Below, Appellee, No. 155, 1983, 475 A.2d 355; 1984 Del. LEXIS 324, November 21, 1983, Submitted, April 2, 1984, Decided)

The term "restrict" is.... those uses already in existence.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: George Mason Hoey-Upton | Judge: Lewis
Preemptive attacks are defensive
Dycus, Prof at Vermont Law School, 10
(Stephen, 2010, “Congress’s Role in Cyber Warfare,” Journal Of National Security Law andPolicy, Volume 4, da 8-13-13, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/11_Dycus.pdf, mee)

Cyber warfare, cyber or kinetic.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 4 | Opponent: App ST BW | Judge: Jake Weiner
Targeted killing requires an identified target and a name on a kill list – signature strikes are distinct
Uebersax, former RAND military analyst, 12
(John “The Four Kinds of Drone Strikes” 5-23-12 http://satyagraha.wordpress.com/2012/05/23/the-four-kinds-of-drone-strikes/ accessed: 9-18-13 mlb)

 We must begin ....mislead the public.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Miami KY | Judge: Sean Lowry
Terrorist capabilities are degraded – they still have operational intent though
McLaughlin, CIA officer, 7 -12
(John, former deputy director and acting director and John’s Hopkins University’s School of advanced international studies professor, 7-12-13, “Terrorism as a Moment of Transition”, DOA: 9-15-13, http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/12/terrorism-at-a-moment-of-transition/, llc)

On targets, jihadists are ... needs but one foe to breed a war, not two ..." 

President flex is key to quick action and intel
Sulmasy, United States Coast Guard Academy, 09
(Glenn, 2009, “Use of Force: executive Power: the Last Thirty Years”, DOA: 9-17-13, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/1944-sulmasyexecutive-power, llc)

Since the attacks of 9/11....in the twenty-first century.24 

Nuke terror causes extinction
Speice, College of William and Mary J.D. candidate, 06
(Patrick, February 2006, “Negligence and Nuclear Nonproliferation: Eliminating the Current Liability Barrier to Bilateral US- Russian Nonproliferation Assistance Programs”, DOA: 9-15-13, http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1247andcontext=wmlr, llc)

Accordingly, there is ... to the use of nuclear weapons.53

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Missouri State PR | Judge: Scott Herndon
Drone strikes decreasing now
Farshori, VOA reporter, 13
(Kokab, Voice of America, 8-27-13, “Are US Drone Strikes in Pakistan Winding Down?,” da 9-16-13, http://www.voanews.com/content/drone-strikes/1737799.html, mee)

But now, more ...., if not ended entirely,” he said.

Decreasing presidential power over detention leads to more strikes
Crandall, U.S. Court of Appeals law clerk, 13
(Carla, Law Clerk to the Honorable Carolyn Dineen King, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit., J.D., J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, previously worked for National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, 4-19-2013, “If You Can't Beat Them, Kill Them: Complex Adaptive Systems Theory and the Rise in Targeted Killing,” Seton Hall Law Review, Vol 43 Issue 2, Article 3, da 9-16-13, http://erepository.law.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1466andcontext=shlr, mee)

In light of ... detainees greater rights.

Drones are proliferating and the U.S. sets a dangerous precedent
Bergen, CNN National Security Analyst, ‘12
(Peter, “A dangerous new world of drones” 10-8-12 http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/01/opinion/bergen-world-of-drones accessed: 7-29-13 mlb)

 But without ... eight years.  

Proliferation causes micalc and great power war
Boyle, Postdoctoral Fellow at Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard, 13
(Michael, Boyle is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at La Salle University has a Ph.D. from University of Cambridge a M.P.P. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, M.Phil, from University of Cambridge, 1999 BA from La Salle University and is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, 1-15-13, “The costs and consequences of drone warfare”, accessed 8-9-13, http://www.chathamhouse.org/publications/ia/archive/view/188363, aaw)

A second ... if they crash.144

Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 6 | Opponent: NYU Helmreich-Itliong | Judge: Maerowitz
Indefinite detention is detention without a trial
US Legal ‘13
(“Indefinite Detention Law and Legal Definition” http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/indefinite-detention/ accessed: 9-18-13 mlb)

 Indefinite detention is …. USA Patriot Act.