Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: Questions | Judge:
If you have any questions, hit me at bria.frame@gmail

An open cage match is always on the table. That's you, UNLV EJ.

Organizational method:
1 T/Procedurals

2 Disads

3 Counterplans

4 Criticisms

Tournament: UNT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Houston LR | Judge: Brian DeLong

A. OUR INTERPRETATION: THE AFFIRMATIVE SHOULD PRESENT A TOPICAL PLAN OF ACTION AND DEFEND THAT THEIR POLICY SHOULD BE ADOPTED BY THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

B. DEFINITIONS:

1. THE TOPIC IS DEFINED BY THE PHRASE FOLLOWING THE COLON – THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS THE AGENT OF THE RESOLUTION, NOT THE INDIVIDUAL DEBATERS

Webster’s 2K
 Guide to Grammar and Writing 2K; http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm-http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm

Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a clause that can stand by itself. Think of the colon as a gate, inviting one to go on… If the introductory phrase preceding the colon is very brief and the clause following the colon represents the real business of the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.

2. "RESOLVED" EXPRESSES INTENT TO IMPLEMENT THE PLAN

American Heritage Dictionary 2K
www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=resolved-http://www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=resolved

To find a solution to; solve …
To bring to a usually successful conclusion

3. "SHOULD" DENOTES AN EXPECTATION OF ENACTING A PLAN

American Heritage Dictionary – 2K 
~www.dictionary.com~

3 Used to express probability or expectation

4. THE U.S.F.G. is three branches of government

Encarta  2K
Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2K ~http://encarta.msn.com~~

Supreme Court of the United States, highest court in the United States and the chief authority in the judicial branch, one of three branches of the United States federal government.

5. OUR DEFINITION EXCLUDES ACTION BY SMALLER POLITICAL GROUPS OR INDIVIDUALS.

Black’s Law 99
Black’s Law Dictionary Seventh Edition Ed. Bryan A. Garner (chief) ’99

Federal government 1. A national government that exercises some degree of control over smaller political units that have surrendered some degree of power in exchange for the right to participate in national political matters.

C. VIOLATION – THE AFFIRMATIVE IS NOT AN INSTRUMENTAL AFFIRMATION OF THE RESOLUTION –

D. REASONS TO PREFER –

PREDICTABILITY: the resolution sets the limits for the debate.  Affirmatives would always win if there wasn’t predictable negative ground.

Constraints are more conducive to creative thinking—following the rules is key to innovation

Gibbert et al. 07
(Michael Gibbert, Assistant Professor of Management at Bocconi University (Italy), et al., with Martin Hoeglis, Professor of Leadership and Human Resource Management at WHU—Otto Beisheim School of Management (Germany), and Lifsa Valikangas, Professor of Innovation Management at the Helsinki School of Economics (Finland) and Director of the Woodside Institute, 2007 ("In Praise of Resource Constraints," MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring, https://umdrive.memphis.edu/gdeitz/public/The20Moneyball20Hypothesis/Gibbert20et20al.20-20SMR20(2007)20Praise20Resource20Constraints.pdf, Accessed 04-08-2012, p. 15-16wyoccd)
Resource constraints can also fuel innovative team performance directly. In the spirit of the
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analogies and combinations that would otherwise be hidden under a glut of resources.

Bounded knowledge is good – debate should be maintained as a disciplinary space- key to unlocking critically pedagogies potential for social justice

McArthur 10
(Department of Higher 26 Community Education, University of Edinburgh, Paterson’s Land,
Holyrood Road, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, UK Studies in Higher Education Vol. 35, No. 3, May 2010 ebsco DA: 5-24-13wyoccd)
Giroux’s critical pedagogy rests upon a commitment to public spaces for learning, where diverse
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contested nature is part of what students must learn to navigate’ (68).

SWITCH-SIDE DEBATE SOLVES: topics are meaningless if we don’t debate both sides: topic-specific education outweighs general education.

Switch-side debate good—direct engagement with identities we don’t identify with is critical to overcome the existential resentment we feel towards the Other

Glover 10
~Robert, Professor of Political Science at University of Connecticut, Philosophy and Social Criticism, "Games without Frontiers?: Democratic Engagement, Agonistic Pluralism, and the Question of Exclusion", Vol. 36, p. asp uwyoamp~
In this vein, Connolly sees the goal of political engagement as securing a positive
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others to overcome existential resentment of this persistent condition of human being.’

E. VOTING ISSUE FOR GROUND, COMPETITIVE EQUITY AND JURISDICTION.

THIS ARGUMENT PROVIDES A-PRIORI REASONS TO VOTE NEGATIVE. YOU MUST USE YOUR BALLOT TO RATIFY CONSTRAINTS ON DISCOURSE TO PRESERVE A POLITICALLY-ENABLING DISCUSSION

Shively 2K
Ruth Lessl Shively, Associate Professor, Political Science, Texas A26M University, POLITICAL THEORY AND PARTISAN POLITICS, 2K, p. 179.
To put this point another way, it turns out that to be open to
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they require the most unflag¬ging and firm support that we can give them. 

THE DELIBERATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF THEIR ADVOCACY ARE A PRIOR QUESTION – PRE-CONDITIONS OF AGREEMENT ARE NECESSARY FOR YOUR DECISION TO HAVE ANY POLITICAL VALUE

Gunderson 2K
Adolf G. Gundersen, Associate Professor, Political Science, Texas A26M University, POLITICAL THEORY AND PARTISAN POLITICS, 2K p. 104-105.
Indirect political engagement is perhaps the single most important element of the strategy I am
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limiting par¬tisanship and stimulating deliberation are to an important extent the same question.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Idaho State DI | Judge: Sarah Topp

a. Interpretation and violation—-the affirmative should defend the desirability of topical government action

Most predictable—the agent and verb indicate a debate about hypothetical government action

Jon M Ericson 3, Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
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compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

"Resolved" is legislative

Jeff Parcher 1, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb 2001 http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html
Pardon me if I turn to a source besides Bill. American Heritage Dictionary:
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or ’no’ - which, of course, are answers to a question.   

Debate over a controversial point of action creates argumentative stasis—the resolution is key to decision making

Steinberg and Freely 08 
(David L., lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Austin J.,Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, "Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making" p. 45wyoccd)
Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
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particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Debate needs middle of the road constraints; unbridled affirmation destroys dialogue that are key to political discussion

Hanghoj 08
(Thorkild Hanghøj, Phd, DREAM (Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. 2008 http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf//wyoccd)
Debate games are often based on pre-designed scenarios that include descriptions of issues
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dialogue as an end in itself" (Wegerif, 2006: 61). 

b. Vote neg

Preparation and clash—changing the topic post facto manipulates balance of prep, which structurally favors the aff because they speak last and permute alternatives—strategic fairness is key to engaging a well-prepared opponent

Topical fairness requirements are key to effective dialogue—monopolizing strategy and prep makes the discussion one-sided and subverts any meaningful neg role

Simulated national security law debates preserve agency and enhance decision-making—-avoids cooption

Laura K. Donohue 13, Associate Professor of Law, Georgetown Law, 4/11, "National Security Law Pedagogy and the Role of Simulations", http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/National-Security-Law-Pedagogy-and-the-Role-of-Simulations.pdf
The concept of simulations as an aspect of higher education, or in the law
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undoubtedly necessary, it suggests one potential direction for the years to come.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 2 | Opponent: MoState CR | Judge: Jason Russell

The aff is not topical —- introducing armed forces only refers to human troops, not weapons systems such as  —- prefer our interpretation because it’s based on textual analysis, legislative history, and intent of the WPR

Lorber 13 – Eric Lorber, J.D. Candidate, University of Pennsylvania Law School, Ph.D Candidate, Duke University Department of Political Science. January 2013, "Executive Warmaking Authority and Offensive Cyber Operations: Can Existing Legislation Successfully Constrain Presidential Power?" University of Pennsylvania Journal of Contsitutional Law, 15 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 961, lexis nexis
As is evident from a textual analysis, n177 an examination of the legislative history
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is highly unlikely - such operations will not trigger the War Powers Resolution.

Vote negative for predictable limits —- nuclear weapons is a whole topic on its own —- requires research into a whole separate literature base —- undermines preparedness for all debates.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent: K-State MR | Judge: Brian DeLong

Immigration reform will pass – PC is key

Lopez 1/1/14 (Oscar, Latin Times, "New Year 2014: 4 Reasons Immigration Reform Will Pass In 2014," http://www.latintimes.com/new-year-2014-4-reasons-immigration-reform-will-pass-2014-141778)

Immigration reform is set to be the key issue of 2014. Following Mitt Romney’s
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, comprehensive legislation is one thing we can be sure of in 2014.

Fighting to defend his war power will sap Obama’s capital, trading off with rest of agenda

Kriner, 10 —- assistant professor of political science at Boston University
(Douglas L. Kriner, "After the Rubicon: Congress, Presidents, and the Politics of Waging War", University of Chicago Press, Dec 1, 2010, page 68-69)
While congressional support leaves the president’s reserve of political capital intact, congressional criticism saps
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to its costs than if Congress stood behind him in the international arena.

Reform key to biotech leadership

Schuster 13
(Dr. Sheldon – President @ Keck Graduate Institute, "Immigration Reform Could Lead to Great Things, Including Better Science and Better Science Education" 02/17/2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-sheldon-schuster/immigration-reform-could-_b_2706832.html)
These students and young researchers not only do amazing things while they’re here but their
AND
. and its academic institutions at the center of such discovery and innovation.

Biotech key to solve bioterror attacks

Bailey 1 ~Ronald, award-winning science correspondent for Reason magazine and Reason.com, where he writes a weekly science and technology column. Bailey is the author of the book Liberation Biology: The Moral and Scientific Case for the Biotech Revolution (Prometheus, 2005), and his work was featured in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2004. In 2006, Bailey was shortlisted by the editors of Nature Biotechnology as one of the personalities who have made the "most significant contributions" to biotechnology in the last 10 years. 11/7/1, "The Best Biodefense," Reason, http://reason.com/archives/2001/11/07/the-best-biodefense-http://reason.com/archives/2001/11/07/the-best-biodefense~~

But Cipro and other antibiotics are just a small part of the arsenal that could
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, America’s best biodefense is a vital and profitable pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. 

Extinction

Steinbrenner 97
John Steinbrenner, Senior Fellow – Brookings, Foreign Policy, 12-22-
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for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent: K-State MR | Judge: Brian DeLong

Obama has built a solid basis for expanded Executive authority in the courts and congress – Syria continues the trend

Gordon Silverstein, Assistant Dean and Lecturer in Law at Yale Law School, and author of Law’s Allure: How Law Shapes, Constrains, Saves and Kills Politics, "Obama Just Increased Executive Power—Again," New Republic, 9/4/2013
Bush-Cheney Administration alumni have risen from the ashes to denounce President Obama’s decision
AND
and may now be more willing to follow the precedent Obama has set.

There’s no middle ground-congressional action on targeted killing hampers the president’s constitutional authority to respond to security threats

Posner 2012
~Eric Posner, a professor at the University of Chicago Law School, October 17^th, 2012, The Drones Are Coming to Libya, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2012/10/drones_attacks_in_libya_an_unprecedented_expansion_of_presidential_power.2.html-http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2012/10/drones_attacks_in_libya_an_unprecedented_expansion_of_presidential_power.2.html, uwyoamp~

And even if the president wants to fling drones at non-al-Qaida
AND
Obama from cutting back on some Bush-era tactics, is obvious.

The plan collapses executive crisis response —- triggers terrorism, rogue state attacks, and wildfire prolif

John Yoo 8/30/13, Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law @ UC-Berkeley Law, visiting scholar @ the American Enterprise Institute, former Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Law @ the University of Trento, served as a deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of Legal Council at the U.S. Department of Justice between 2001 and 2003, received his J.D. from Yale and his undergraduate degree from Harvard, "Like it or not, Constitution allows Obama to strike Syria without Congressional approval," Fox News, http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/08/30/constitution-allows-obama-to-strike-syria-without-congressional-approval/-http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/08/30/constitution-allows-obama-to-strike-syria-without-congressional-approval/
The most important of the president’s powers are commander-in-chief and chief
AND
time to introduce sweeping, untested changes in the way we make war.

Nuclear weapons prolif puts weapons in the hands of rogue states—rogue states multiply and this guarantees accidents and miscalculations that lead to nuke war.

Johnson, Forbes contributor and Presidential Medal of Freedom winner, 2013
(Paul, "A Lesson For Rogue States", 5-8, http://www.forbes.com/sites/currentevents/2013/05/08/a-lesson-for-rogue-states/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/currentevents/2013/05/08/a-lesson-for-rogue-states/, ldg)
Although we live in a violent world, where an internal conflict such as the
AND
an eventual and monumental disaster that could be the end of us all.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas HM | Judge: Joel Reed

Al Qaeda is weak now but could recover if the US allows them the opportunity

McLaughlin 13
(John McLaughlin was a CIA officer for 32 years and served as deputy director and acting director from 2000-2004. He currently teaches at the Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies and is a Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, ¶ 06:00 AM ET¶ Terrorism at a moment of transition7/12, http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/12/terrorism-at-a-moment-of-transition/)
A third major trend has to do with the debate underway among terrorists over tactics
AND
"It needs but one foe to breed a war, not two ..."

Al-Bihani interpretation key to fighting the war on terror, judiciary can’t manage the contrary

McGrail, 10
~Deputy Clerk, United States Court of Appeals FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT No. 09-5051 GHALEB NASSAR AL-BIHANI, APPELLANT v. BARACK OBAMA,PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, ET AL., APPELLEES Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (No. 1:05-cv-01312) On Petition for Rehearing En Banc, Filed: August 31, 2010, http://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/7D993FB6907397468525780700715176/24file/09-5051-1263353.pdf-http://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/7D993FB6907397468525780700715176/24file/09-5051-1263353.pdf uwyo-baj~
Most troubling of all is the grotesque non sequitur that Congress must have intended to
AND
missing the vision of judicial supremacy at the heart of Judge Williams’ opinion. 

Constrained executive makes it impossible to respond to the rapid and existential nature of the threat posed by terrorism-strong, flexible executive key to check nuclear, chemical, and biological attacks

Royal 2011
~John Paul, Fellow of the Institute for World Politics, 2011, War Powers and the Age of Terrorism, http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/Fellows2011/Royal-_Final_Paper.pdf-http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/Fellows2011/Royal-_Final_Paper.pdf, uwyoamp~
The international system itself and national security challenges to the United States in particular,
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changes, Congress possesses the intrinsic power to rescind and limit these powers.

Terrorist retaliation causes nuclear war – draws in Russia and China

Ayson, 10
Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 ("After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 2 | Opponent: MoState CR | Judge: Jason Russell

Text —— The United States Executive Branch should establish a declaratory policy that the United States will not introduce nuclear weapons first into hostilities.

The plan is action policy and the CP is declaratory policy. Under declaratory NFU, it’s possible that in the face of incontrovertible evidence that an adversary is about to launch a nuclear strike, the U.S. could use nuclear weapons first.

Tertrais 9 – Bruno Tertrais, Senior Research Fellow at the Paris-based Foundation for Strategic Research and Contributing Editor to Survival, October-November 2009, "The Trouble with No First Use," Survival, Vol. 51, No. 5, p. 26-27
The nuance is important. Declaratory policies (what states claim they would do)
AND
there is no evidence that the 2001 Nuclear Posture Review included this option.

Executive NFU declaration solves the 1AC internal links

Harold A. Feiveson, senior research scientist, and co-director of the Program on Science and Global Security at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University and Ernst Jan Hogendoorn is a Ph.D. student at the Woodrow Wilson School, 2003, No First Use of Nuclear Weapons, http://cns.miis.edu/npr/pdfs/102feiv.pdf

Countries advocating a legally binding no-first-use commitment emphasize that the commitment
AND
nuclear weapons states also to commit to no first use of nuclear weapons.

Only the presidential leadership solves—plan is meaningless

Janne Nolan, Ph.D., George Washington University IR Professor, James Holmes, 2008, The Bureaucracy of Deterrence, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 64.1

Among the many factors working against fundamental change is the inherent resilience of bureaucratic culture
AND
deterrence, remained largely immune from systemic political oversight or participation for decades.

The net-benefit is crises

The U.S. would only override a declaratory NFU in an extreme crisis—-and global public opinion would rally behind the U.S.

Feiveson and Hogendoorn 3 – Harold Feiveson, senior research scientist and co-director of the Program in Science 26 Global Security at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton, and Ernst Hogendoorn, Ph.D. Candidate at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton, Summer 2003, "No First Use of Nuclear Weapons," The Nonproliferation Review, online: http://cns.miis.edu/npr/pdfs/102feiv.pdf
In extremis, of course, a U.S. administration might find compelling reason to override a no-first-use commitment, and actually use or explicitly threaten to use nuclear weapons. Such an act would be taken only in the most dire of circumstances, and in such a situation it is hard to believe that U.S. flaunting of a prior declaratory commitment would weigh much in how the world viewed the U.S. actions.

Completely prohibiting all scenarios for first-use costs hundreds of thousands of lives in an inevitable crisis—-the CP’s declaratory NFU enables the U.S. to override its declared posture and launch damage-limitation strikes against an imminent nuclear attacker

Tertrais 9 – Bruno Tertrais, Senior Research Fellow at the Paris-based Foundation for Strategic Research and Contributing Editor to Survival, October-November 2009, "The Trouble with No First Use," Survival, Vol. 51, No. 5, p. 25
A no-first-use policy might also have security costs beyond deterrence.
AND
is giving up the possibility of saving hundreds of thousands of his citizens.

Only a declaratory NFU creates successful existential deterrence—-the knowledge that a declaratory NFU could be revoked in crisis de-escalates tension and prevents conflict

Feiveson and Hogendoorn 3 – Harold Feiveson, senior research scientist and co-director of the Program in Science 26 Global Security at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton, and Ernst Hogendoorn, Ph.D. Candidate at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton, Summer 2003, "No First Use of Nuclear Weapons," The Nonproliferation Review, online: http://cns.miis.edu/npr/pdfs/102feiv.pdf
Opponents of a strong no-first-use declaration by the United States generally
AND
go into battle thinking they can rely on the use of nuclear weapons.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas HM | Judge: Joel Reed

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit should form an en banc panel to review its opinion in Al-Bihani v. Obama on the basis of maintaining uniformity and on the exceptional importance of the case.  The en banc panel of the D.C. Circuit should decide that its ruling in Al-Bihani v. Obama has no precedential effect on any other court, that it was limited solely to the facts presented in the original case and that no court should regard Al-Bihani v. Obama as a repudiation of the Charming Betsy canon.

The CP solves all of their advantages 26 locks in SQ Presidential detention powers:

The CP limits the reach of al-Bihani by blocking its application in other contexts

Thomas G. Hansford 26 James F. Spriggs 7, 8-7-, "The Politics of Precedent on the U.S. Supreme Court," http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8204.html
Second, the Court can negatively interpret a precedent by restricting its reach or calling
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legal authority of a precedent and diminish its applicability to other legal disputes.

The D.C. Circuit can rehear the case en banc

D.C. Circuit Rules ’11 – Authored by Clerks of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals
CIRCUIT RULES of the UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS for the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT, Amended Through December 1, 2011, http://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/home.nsf/Content/VL20-20RPP20-20Circuit20Rules/24FILE/RulesDecember2011LINKSandBOOKMARKScj2013.pdf-http://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/home.nsf/Content/VL - RPP - Circuit Rules/24FILE/RulesDecember2011LINKSandBOOKMARKScj2013.pdf
Rule 35. En Banc Determination¶ (a) When Hearing or Rehearing En
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decisions;¶ (2) the proceeding involves a question of exceptional importance.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent: K-State MR | Judge: Brian DeLong

Text: The President of the United States should issue an executive order to create an intra-executive review over targeted killing orders.

Intra-executive drone tribunals solves-ensures accountability and prevents errors while maintaining the legitimacy of national security secrets

Crandall, 2012
~Carla, Law Clerk to the Honorable Laura Denvir Stith, Supreme Court of Missouri and the author was previously employed by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, READY . . . FIRE . . . AIM21 A CASE FOR APPLYING AMERICAN DUE PROCESS PRINCIPLES BEFORE ENGAGING IN DRONE STRIKES, April, 2012 Florida Journal of International Law 24 Fla. J. Int’l L. 55, Lexis~ /Wyo-MB
4. CSRTs as a Framework for Governing the Use of Drones
Ultimately, then, the inquiry into whether more robust procedural protections are in order
AND
some level of review to correct potential errors in the target identification process.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Idaho State DI | Judge: Sarah Topp

The logic of testimony is flawed in its assumption that the confessional discourse can be controlled by and is limited in its effects on the confessing individual. Each time a woman takes a stand, her voice is recorded not as that of Jane Smith, but as that of all women. Individual testimony invariably comes to monopolize the meaning of womanhood in a way that establishes the story of greatest suffering as the highest truth of female identity.

Wendy Brown, Professor of Political Theory @ UC Berkeley, 1996 ("Constitutions and ’Survivor Stories’: In the ’folds of our own discourse’ The Pleasures and Freedoms of Silence." 3 U Chi L Sch Roundtable 185; swp)
If, taken together, the two passages from Foucault we have been consider-
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this vein, that there is so little feminist writing on heterosexual pleasure?) 

The demand for solidarity and speaking out equate silence with weakness and forces women to participate in oppressive power structures

Ruffino, 2007
~Annamaria, MA Thesis @ LSU Dept of Comm. Studies, "UNCOMFORTABLE PERFORMANCES: DISCOVERING A SUBVERSIVE SCENARIO FOR RAPE DISCOURSE." Online, http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04042007-131147/unrestricted/THESIS.pdf-http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04042007-131147/unrestricted/THESIS.pdf~~ /Wyo-MB
They suggest that representations of rape and rape survivor discourse have "paradoxically appeared to
AND
repress; get named – or get shamed. Perform – or else.

The aff’s politics of visibility turn rape victims and "those who resist masculine oppression" into objects to be seen and manipulated

Ruffino, 2007
~Annamaria, MA Thesis @ LSU Dept of Comm. Studies, "UNCOMFORTABLE PERFORMANCES: DISCOVERING A SUBVERSIVE SCENARIO FOR RAPE DISCOURSE." Online, http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04042007-131147/unrestricted/THESIS.pdf-http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04042007-131147/unrestricted/THESIS.pdf~~ /Wyo-MB
This project also throws into question the politics of visibility and invisibility specifically as questioned
AND
consciousness-raising groups and the power and value of "speaking out"?

The aff’s speaking out is a form confessional discourse that traps individuals within the confines of power, this narrativization is viewed as therapeutic which undermines its political power

Ruffino, 2007
~Annamaria, MA Thesis @ LSU Dept of Comm. Studies, "UNCOMFORTABLE PERFORMANCES: DISCOVERING A SUBVERSIVE SCENARIO FOR RAPE DISCOURSE." Online, http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04042007-131147/unrestricted/THESIS.pdf-http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04042007-131147/unrestricted/THESIS.pdf~~ /Wyo-MB
When women seek therapy for their rape, they engage in a type of confessional
AND
towards feminism, and problematizes Consciousness Raising as a tool of therapeutic discourse. 

Confession never takes place outside the relays of power. Confessing our sins may give us some sort of emotional release but, in that action, we neglect to see how that release reinforces the will of the master and sovereign. Thus, the act of confessing becomes a perpetual relay of normalization that destroys the possibility of resistance. Each link we win is an independent case turn and reason to reject case

Foucault 1978, (Michel, Former director @ the Institut Francais at Hamburg. The History of Sexuality Volume I. 1978. pgs 59-67)
The confession is a ritual of discourse in which the speaking subject is also the
AND
the transmission of secrets, but around the slow surfacing of confidential statements.

The alternative is to Clothesline debate

Clotheslines solves the aff and avoids the links to the k—allows criticism of society’s "dirty laundry" without causing personal narrativization

Ruffino, 2007
~Annamaria, MA Thesis @ LSU Dept of Comm. Studies, "UNCOMFORTABLE PERFORMANCES: DISCOVERING A SUBVERSIVE SCENARIO FOR RAPE DISCOURSE." Online, http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04042007-131147/unrestricted/THESIS.pdf-http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04042007-131147/unrestricted/THESIS.pdf~~ /Wyo-MB
As I have addressed in the previous chapters,
AND
regard to women’s bodies.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 7 | Opponent: UNI AE | Judge: Darren Elliott

First, the Will to power is a part of life, it makes violence and suffering inevitable, —we should embrace it, this is key to affirm the will to life

Nietzsche, 1886 (Friedrich, Philosopher with a hammer, "Beyond Good and Evil" The Nietzsche Channel, online, MB)
 257. EVERY elevation of the type "man," has hitherto been the
AND
FUNDAMENTAL FACT of all history let us be so far honest towards ourselves21

And, embracing the tension of being marginalized, the tension and suffering of marginalization are prerequisites to greatness

HIGGINS ’06
(Kathleen Marie, professor of philosophy at UT-Austin, CRITICAL AFFINITIES: NIETZSCHE AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN THOUGHT, p. 67)
While this conflict itself may be unavoidable, Nietzsche urges the individual tormented in this
AND
this view, is a precondition for assuming a particularly significant cultural role.  

And, their imagination of a better world is a continuation of the ascetic ideal. This association of all that is good at not of this world expresses a hatred for the only one we’ve got—turns case. Fantasizing about a world without suffering produces creative impotence only our relationship to life can escape this paradox of resentment

Turlani in 2003
(Aydan, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty of Letters and Sciences
Istanbul Technical University, "Nietzsche and the Later Wittgenstein: An Offense to the Quest for Another World", The Journal of Nietzsche Studies, 26 (2003), 55-63)
The craving for absolutely general specifications results in doing metaphysics. Unlike Wittgenstein, Nietzsche
AND
the way out of the fly-bottle" (PI §309). 

And, the 1ac’s vision of a perfect world causes us to hate the one we have, leads to denial of life of this life for a more perfect one

Nietzsche,  1872 (Friedrich, philosopher, "The Birth of Tragedy" Online, MB)
Already in the preface addressed to Richard Wagner, art, and not morality,
AND
in the name of a Greek god: I called it Dionysian. — 

Thus the alternative:
We should forget the 1ac in order to affirm life

Zupancic, 2003 (Alenka, Philosopher, "The Shortest Shadow: Nietzche’s philosophy of the two" Online, MB)
It is true that there is also a rather different notion present in Christianity,  
AND
, they will most  probably affect and mortify our (new) passion.  

There are no moral facts, only profound depths of unconscious and irrational forces which drive us and determine our destiny. We should allow full reign of these forces and rejoice in the ecstatic affirmation of the total character of life, declaring even the most terrible qualities of life as good

Carty in 2003
(Anthony, Professor of law, University of Westminster, London, SYMPOSIUM: NIETZSCHE AND LEGAL THEORY (PART I): NIETZSCHE AND SOCRATES / OR THE SPIRIT OF THE DEVIL AND THE LAW, Cardozo Law Review, January 2003, l/n)
The difference between Nietzsche and Socrates may well be more superficial and even pathetic -
AND
life ... the feeling of the necessary unity of creation and destruction. n43-http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/frame.do?tokenKey=rsh-20.535935.954358303726target=results_DocumentContent26reloadEntirePage=true26rand=121926606222526returnToKey=20_T439653356326parent=docview

Tournament: UTD | Round: 2 | Opponent: MoState CR | Judge: Jason Russell

The logic of the affirmative asks how war should be waged rather than if war should be waged at all—their methods only spark temporary interest in the military-industrial complex—it leads to free reign of the mentality of constant war

Lichterman 3
~Andrew, Program Director of the Western States Legal Foundation, Missiles of Empire: America’s 21st Century Global Legions, WSLF Information Bulletin, Fall 2003, http://www.wslfweb.org/nukes.htm~~
Criticizing the Hubcaps while the Juggernaut Rolls On The U.S. military-
AND
, it must be clear that we are leaving the path of violence.

Awareness of militarism key – our internalized acceptance of war guarantees endless violence that ensures planetary destruction and structural violence

Lawrence 9
~Grant, "Military Industrial "War" Consciousness Responsible for Economic and Social Collapse," OEN—OpEdNews, March 27~
As a presidential candidate, Barack Obama-http://obama.senate.gov/ called Afghanistan-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_282001E28093present29 ’’the war we must win.
AND
will be forced to live the life our present war consciousness is creating.

The alternative is to reject the 1AC in favor of a pacifistic solution to problems.

The only way to solve is by adopting a pacifistic mindset—the shift away from militarism is key

Demenchonok 9 
~Worked as a senior researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy
AND
and Sociology, Volume 68, Issue 1, Pages 9-49~
Where, then, does the future lie? Unilateralism, hegemonic political anarchy,
AND
also of the extent, quality, and urgency of our present choices.

Moving away from the aff’s crisis-driven politics is key to solvency

Cuomo 96
Professor of Philosophy, 1996 Chris, Hypatia 11.4, proquest Wyo-BF
Moving away from crisis-driven politics and ontologies concerning war and military violence also
AND
the "war on crime," and other state-funded militaristic campaigns.