Tournament: Gsu | Round: 4 | Opponent: Michigan Keenan-Keller | Judge: Paul
---- Deterrence ineffective in the SQ – aff solves interbranch conflict which is the main barrier to effective counterstrike
CHESNEY 12 Charles I. Francis Professor in Law, University of Texas School of Law. Robert Chesney, Military-Intelligence Convergence and the Law of the Title 10/Title 50 Debate, Journal of National Security Law and Policy, 5 J. Nat'l Security L. and Pol'y 539
Clarify Authorization and Accountability for Cyberoperations. Operations in cyberspace tend to defy categorization by
AND
or are likely to have significant consequences outside a theater of combat operations.

No disads to the plan – the president will still preserve flexibility
Dycus 10 (Professor Vermont Law School, “Congress’s Role in Cyber Warfare”, 8/11/2010, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/11_Dycus.pdf)
Because of the grave potential consequences and the attendant need for close control and accountability
AND
experiences to work together to meet these challenges, as the Framers intended.

Even if the US declines, liberal international norms will survive - solves the impact
IKENBERRY 11 – (May/June issue of Foreign Affairs, G. John, PhD, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, “The Future of the Liberal World Order,” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
articles/67730/g-john-ikenberry/the-future-of-the-liberal-world-order?page=show)
For all these reasons, many observers have concluded that world politics is experiencing not
AND
and prosperity that it has provided since the middle of the twentieth century. 

Heg is inevitable – no risk of collapse – nuclear weapons, economic accommodation policies
Monteiro 11 - Nuno P., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University (June 13, 2011, “BALANCING ACT WHY UNIPOLARITY MAY BE DURABLE,” http://www.nunomonteiro.org/wp-content/uploads/Nuno-Monteiro-Balancing-Act-20110613.pdf)
What is, then, wrong with the argument that unipolarity is indeed durable?
AND
eventually shifting the systemic balance of power and putting an end to unipolarity.

Tournament: Gsu | Round: 2 | Opponent: Indiana Ferguson-Hoffman | Judge: Grellinger
. We meet and CI -- statutory restrictions include 5 things
KAISER 80 The Official Specialist in American National Government, Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress Congressional Action to Overturn Agency Rules: Alternatives to the Legislative Veto; Kaiser, Frederick M., 32 Admin. L. Rev. 667 (1980)
In addition to direct statutory overrides, there are a variety of statutory and nonstatutory
AND
. inter-agency consultation requirements; and 5. congressional prior notification provisions

Counterinterp --- Restrict is to check free activity — they confuse it with restraint
Oklahoma Attorney General Opinions - 3/19/2004, Question Submitted by: The Honorable Mark Campbell, District Attorney, 19th District; The Honorable Jay Paul Gumm, State Senator, District 6, 2004 OK AG 7, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=43849
Accordingly, we must look to the plain and ordinary meaning of the term.
AND
are intended to restrain or prevent certain conduct of the person subject thereto.

Their interp artbirary and unpredictable --- their interp is one court case from 1931 --- their evidence ALSO defines restrict as a “LIMIT” 

In the area of refers to a certain scope
Elizabeth Miura 12, China Presentation, prezi.com/tccgenlw25so/chin165a-final-presentation/
"in the area of" refers to a certain scope

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na

1AC GSU

1AC LOAC Advantage

Squo OCO policy violates the Law of Armed conflict

First – Lack of congressional checks make Jus in Bellum impossible to establish

Dycus 10 (Professor Stephen Dycus is an internationally recognized authority on national security law and environmental law. The courses he has taught at Vermont Law School include Public International Law, National Security Law, Estates, Property, and Water Law. He was founding chair of the National Security Law Section of the Association of American Law Schools. He is the lead author of and#34;National Security Lawand#34; (the field’s leading casebook) and and#34;Counterterrorism Lawand#34;, and he was founding co-editor in chief of the Journal of National Security Law 26 Policy. (Stephen, and#34;Congress’ Role in Cyber Warfare,and#34; National Security Journal, Volume 4, Issue 155, 2010 http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/11_Dycus.pdf)
The term and#34;cybersecurityand#34; might be understood to refer to defense against cyber attacks
AND
require a prompt and full account of every significant use of cyber weapons. 

Second – Clandestine nature of Obama’s policies

Loon 12 (Collin Engelbert Peter van Loon Royal Netherlands Army , and#34;Offensive Cyber What are the possibilities of the use of offensive cyber as an offensive capability within the existing international legal framework?and#34;, https://cyberwar.nl/d/MSc-thesis_Offensive-Cyber_Collin-van-Loon_June-2012.pdf)  
Offensive cyber operations are not covered by an international agreed legal framework. The consequence
AND
on the other (Dam et al., 2009, s. 22).
The lack of a decent legal framework also endangers a decent distinction between cyber attacks
AND
makes the need for a general international accepted cyber legal framework even more necessary 

Third - Definition of ambiguous attack posture

Adkisson et al. 12 Carnagie Mellon University (CDR James Adkisson, Mr. Tokunbo Davies, LT Brian Evans,¶ Mr. Rick Lanchantin, Ms. Patty Walters, and#34;Law of Armed Conflict:¶ Implications for Navy Cyber Strategy¶ Masters of Information Technology Strategy¶ Practicum – 2012and#34;, http://www.cmu.edu/mits/files/random/mits-cohort1-practicumfinal-lawarmedconflict-implications-aug-2012.pdf)
The uncertain definition of the ’use of force’ is increasingly problematic when analyzing cyber
AND
weapons. These are the issues that commanders and military planners must balance when
conducting operations in cyberspace.
In a February 2012 testimony to Congress, the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) stated that cyber security ranks among the top national security concerns. They also indicated that current policy requires revision to address how the use of force in cyberspace conforms to national and international law, including LOAC.
The previous section reviewed the applicability of LOAC to cyber operations. This section builds on that understanding and reviews national policy that impact DoD operations in cyberspace.
B. Defining Policy
The DoD does not expressly define the term ’policy’. A standard dictionary definition implies that policy provides guidance for solving problems without explicitly defining the solution.2 Accordingly, policy for cyber operations should offer a means to arrive at solutions for achieving the established operational objectives within cyberspace.
While DoD policy is designed to guide the decision-making process, the policies
AND
in and#34;legally acceptable plans and orders that support national security objectives.and#34;¶ 5
While there is significant debate regarding cyber operations amongst the international community, the U
AND
Title 50 authorities that govern the operations of the Intelligence Community (IC).

This uniquely antagonizes china and make mutual drawdown impossible

Sanger 9/1/13 (David, A 1982 graduate of Harvard College, Sanger has been writing for the Times for 30 years covering foreign policy, globaliza

Tournament: GSU | Round: 8 | Opponent: Wake Forest | Judge:
Even illusory agency is productive. Imagining possible changes is necessary to motivate action.
Elizabeth SHOVE Sociology @ Lancaster AND Gordon WALKER Geography @ Lancaster ‘7 “CAUTION! Transitions ahead: politics, practice, and sustainable transition management” Environment and Planning C 39 (4)
For academic readers, our commentary argues for ….. the line something really does happen, but not in ways that we can anticipate or know.

cost benefit analysis
Andrews 06 (peter, consulting faculty member at the ibm executive business institute in palisades, new york, executive technology report, august, www-935.ibm.com/services/us/bcs/pdf/g510-6313-etr-unlearn-to-innovate.pdf)
High stakes innovation requires abandoning … of a new idea or approach).

policy debate solves spectator phenomenon and increases education.
Christopher C. Joyner, Spring 1999. Professor of International Law in the Government Department at Georgetown University. 5 ILSA J Int'l and Comp L 377, Lexis.
Use of the debate can … United Nations, or assassinating Sad

the alt’s movement fails
Spector 10 – Associate Professor of Sociology at Purdue University Calumet
(Alan J Spector, “Neoliberal Globalization and Capitalist Crises in the Age of Imperialism” in “Globalization in the 21st Century: Labor, Capital, and the State on a World Scale”, pg 54, IWren)
Some who consider themselves in … into the world capitalist system. 

no lasting change – even if they create change it is only temporary
Milbrath, 96 – Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Sociology at SUNY Buffalo
(Lester W., Building Sustainable Societies, Ed. … not likely to be effective.   

AND omission is NOT exclusion
Rorty 02 Rorty, Professor of Comparative Literature @ Stanford, `02 (Richard, Peace Review, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 152-153)
I have no quarrel with … told, in many other ways.

Global thinking promotes local action and checks violence
Sachs 92 – Professor of Science @ Penn State Wolfgang Sachs, Green Movement Activist and co-ed. Development guest Prof Science @ Penn State, 1992, Development Dictionary, p. 109-113
But recognizing the pitfalls of … the relativity of all places. 

We need solidarity
Brand-Jacobsen, 2005Kai Frithjof Brand-Jacobsen is founder and Director of the Peace Action, Training and Research Institute of Romania (PATRIR) and Co-Director of TRANSCEND, and is on the Executive Board of the TRANSCEND Peace University (TPU) where he is Course Director for the courses Peacebuilding and Empowerment and War to Peace Transitions. He has worked in Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, South Eastern Europe, North America, Colombia, Somalia, Cambodia, Aceh-Indonesia and the Middle East at the invitation of governments, inter-governmental organisations, UN agencies, and local organisations and communities. He has written and published widely, and is author of The Struggle Continues: The Political Economy of Globalisation and People's Struggles for Peace (Pluto, forthcoming), co-author, together with Johan Galtung and Carl Jacobsen, of Searching for Peace: The Road to TRANSCEND (Pluto, 2000 and 2002) and Editor of the TRANSCEND book series published together with Pluto Press, Constructive Peace Studies: Peace by Peaceful Means. He is a member of the Executive Board of the Journal of Peace and Development and the Executive Board of the Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution. In 1999 he was founder and Director of the Coalition for Global Solidarity and Social Development, and in 2000, together with Johan Galtung, he was founder of the Nordic Institute for Peace Research (NIFF). Since 1996 he has provided more than 250 training programmes in peacebuilding, development, and constructive conflict transformation to more than 4000 participants in 30 countries. http://www.globalsolidarity.org/articles/peace_means_kai.html
Peace by Peaceful Means Dear Friends, The discussions which have taken place over e-mail over ….., politicians, or fuhrers) are all necessary. 

We think structural violence is important, but so is war
Boulding 90 (Kenneth E., Conflict: Readings in Management and Resolution, Ed: John Burton, pg. 40-41)
I must confess that when I …. and necessary as it is to eliminate these things.