Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: UCO FH | Judge: Ravi Rao

1. No impact —aggressors don’t have the intel or experience to be capable of attack

Admiral Dennis Blair, Former Director of National Intelligence, "U.S. Drone Strike Policies: Speakers: Admiral Dennis Blair, Former Director of National Intelligence, and Micah Zenko, Douglas Dillon Fellow," Conversation at CFR, January 22, 2013.
OPERATOR: Our next question comes from KT McFarland with Fox News.¶ QUESTIONER:
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cause us to have to take some more defensive measures in the future.

2. No prolif – no major prolif over next 10 years – too costly and not effective enough

Micah Zenko, Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action (CPA) at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). "Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies," CPA at CFR, Council Special Report No. 65, January 2013.
Based on current trends, it is unlikely that most states will have, within
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will undertake the significant investment required for armed drones in the near term.

3. Expansion of drones is inevitable—Manufacturers want money and human operated aircraft aren’t being developed anymore

Right Vision News 2012
~Pakistani news agency, "Pakistan: 76 countries acquire drones, pose new threat to global security," 03 Oct 2012, proquest, wyo-sc~
¶ Recently, in an unconfirmed report, it was alleged that Israel used a
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of unmanned aerial systems than fighter and bomber pilots combined, the report added

Other countries won’t model the nature of our drones—they don’t have the intelligence or need for global strike capabilities

Roberts 2013 ~Kristin, News Editor for National Journal, "When the Whole World Has Drones," National Journal, 3/22/2013, Academic Search Premier, wyo-sc~
Other countries, groups, and even individuals can and do fly drones. But
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long-duration surveillance and potentially strike inside and right on its border."

US doesn’t set international norms

Admiral Dennis Blair, Former Director of National Intelligence, "U.S. Drone Strike Policies: Speakers: Admiral Dennis Blair, Former Director of National Intelligence, and Micah Zenko, Douglas Dillon Fellow," Conversation at CFR, January 22, 2013.
ADMIRAL DENNIS BLAIR: Sure. I can — I could start, Jon.
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persuaded that norms can be set by the United States in this area.

China puts sovereignty above international law- they defy international criticism of human rights violations

Bradford and Posner 2011 ~Anu Bradford, professor of law at Columbia; Eric A. Posner, Professor of law at UChicago Law school and editor of The Journal of Legal Studies, "Universal Exceptionalism in International Law," Harvard International Law Journal, Volume: 52 Issue: 1, Winter 2011, Lexis Nexis, wyo-sc~
China’s vision of international law rests on the principle of sovereignty. Under the Chinese
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, and leads to an imposition of one’s culture and values on others.

US Constitution is losing global popularity

Liptak ’12

~Adam Liptak, Supreme Court Coorespondent; New York Times, We the People’ Loses Appeal With People Around the World, New York Times, 2/6/12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/us/we-the-people-loses-appeal-with-people-around-the-world.html?pagewanted=all-http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/us/we-the-people-loses-appeal-with-people-around-the-world.html?pagewanted=all, wyo TL~

Sure, it is the nation’s founding document and sacred text. And it is
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, what our framers would have called a ’parchment guarantee.’ "

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Augustana AR | Judge: Mike Kreuger

First, Limiting presidential war power can’t solve indefinite detention—policies aren’t the executive’s fault

Hodgkinson ’12
~Sandra L. Hodgkinson, former Chief of Staff for Deputy Secretary of Defense William J. Lynn, III and Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Detainee Affairs and Distinguished Visiting Research Fellow at National Defense University, "Executive Power in a War Without End: Goldsmith, the Erosion of Executive Authority on Detention, and the End of the War on Terror," CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW VOL. 45, Fall 2012, http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/45CaseWResJIntlL1262.pdf//-http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/45CaseWResJIntlL1262.pdf3e// wyo-ch~
The National Security Staff (NSS) decision-making process on the detention issue
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originate with the executive and had the practical effect of eroding executive authority.

Congress also had a big impact in narrowing and constraining the president in the Military Commissions Act of 2006

Second, Limiting presidential war power does not solve—restrictions prevent change and make all your impacts inevitable.

Goldsmith ’12
~Jack Goldsmith, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, "Power and Constraint: National Security Law After the 2012 Election," CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW VOL. 45, Fall 2012, http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/ 45CaseWResJIntlL1262.pdf  wyo-ch~
Fifth, and finally, I come to the largest and most important force that
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shock to the system like another attack or some other dramatic external event.

Congress has more authority over detainees than the executive- the NDAA proves, limiting presidential power will not end indefinite detention

Gosztola ’13
~Kevin, OpEdNews, Open Salon, and documentary filmmaker currently completing a Film/Video degree at Columbia College in Chicago, "Closing Guantanamo Prison More Difficult After Obama Signs NDAA" 01.03.2013.  http://dissenter.firedoglake.com/2013/01/03/closing-guantanamo-prison-more-difficult-after-obama-signs-ndaa/-http://dissenter.firedoglake.com/2013/01/03/closing-guantanamo-prison-more-difficult-after-obama-signs-ndaa///wyo-hdm~~
President Barack Obama signed the intelligence authorization bill—the National Defense Authorization Act (
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to close Guantanamo while he is president is not likely to be fulfilled.

NDAA gives congress the power to indefinitely detain al-Qaeda or associated forces- limiting executive powers won’t solve case

Greenwald ’11
~Glenn, The Salon News, "Three myths about the detention bill," 12.16.2011.  http://www.salon.com/2011/12/16/three_myths_about_the_detention_bill/-http://www.salon.com/2011/12/16/three_myths_about_the_detention_bill///wyo-hdm~~
Section 1021 of the NDAA governs, as its title says, "Authority of
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the McCarthy era Internal Security Act of 1950, about which I wrote yesterday-http://www.salon.com/2011/12/15/obama_to_sign_indefinite_detention_bill_into_law/singleton/

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Washburn PW | Judge: Peter Cancron

Prez will circumvent-

~1.~ invokes state secrets to avoid oversight

Posner and  Vermeule 2010 ~Eric A. , Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School and Editor of The Journal of Legal Studies; Adrian , Harvard Law Professor, The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic, Oxford Press, p. 24wyo-sc~
Monitoring the executive requires expertise in the area being monitored. In many cases,
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or by an ill-motivated executive, albeit for very different reasons.

~2.~ constraints make Presidents more assertive

Barilleaux and Kelley 2010 ~Ryan J. , Professor of Political Science at Miami, OH; and Christopher S. , Lecturer (Political Science) at Miami, OH, The Unitary Executive and the Modern Presidency, Texas A26M Press, p. 225-226, 2010 wyo-sc~
Congress, following the logic of Daniel Patrick Moynihan’s "Iron Law of Emulation"
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, was the rise of executive unilateralism as a way to circumvent Congress. 

~3.~ Empirics on presidents ignoring WPR prove the trend

Isaacs 2011
~John Isaacs, 2011,  executive director of Council for a Livable World, War Powers Resolution consistently ignored,  http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/172803-war-powers-resolution-consistently-ignored-http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/172803-war-powers-resolution-consistently-ignored,  uwyoamp~

President Harry F. Truman ignored Congress when in 1950 he sent troops to Korea
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, has decided to ignore the law as an unconstitutional assertion of power.

~4.~ Cancels testimony, Justice Department ignores oversight requests

Victor ’03
~Kirk Victor, writer for government executive.com, 2003, Congress in eclipse as power shifts to executive branch, http://www.govexec.com/management/2003/04/congress-in-eclipse-as-power-shifts-to-executive-branch/13800/-http://www.govexec.com/management/2003/04/congress-in-eclipse-as-power-shifts-to-executive-branch/13800/, uwyoamp~

Senate Finance Committee Chairman Charles Grassley, R-Iowa, agreed in an interview
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seeking bids from U.S. corporations on reconstruction contracts for Iraq.

Courts slow; don’t make emergency decisions any quicker

Ornstein et al, 11
~Norman J. Ornstein, Thomas E. Mann, ¶ John C. Fortier, and Jennifer K. Marsico, "THE CONTINUITY OF ¶ THE SUPREME COURT¶ THE THIRD REPORT OF THE CONTINUITY ¶ OF GOVERNMENT COMMISSION,"¶ October 2011, http://www.aei.org/files/2011/10/19/Supreme-Court-Continuity.pdf-http://www.aei.org/files/2011/10/19/Supreme-Court-Continuity.pdf uwyo-baj~
The Court’s Slow Timetable First, in ordinary times the Court does not typically move
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and older cases dealing with military commissions were decided years after initial detainment. 

Courts historically inefficient

Hasen 13
~Richard L., a professor of law and political science at the University of California, Irvine, is author of The Voting Wars: From Florida 2000 to the Next Election Meltdown, "What’s Taking the Supreme Court So Long?" June 21, 2013, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/06/21/what-s-taking-the-supreme-court-so-long.html-http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/06/21/what-s-taking-the-supreme-court-so-long.html uwyo-baj~
With everyone anxiously awaiting potentially blockbuster decisions on issues from affirmative action to voting rights
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? Are the justices trying to create maximum suspense to get more attention?

No internal enforcement abilities, Voting Rights prove

Mears 13
~Bill, CNN Supreme Court Producer, "A summary of major upcoming Supreme Court decisions," CNN, Wednesday, June 19, 2013, http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/27/us/scotus-case-guide/index.html-http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/27/us/scotus-case-guide/index.html uwyo-baj~
AT ISSUE: The continued use by the federal government of the key enforcement provision
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census. This ruling would likely impact next year’s mid-term elections.

The president won’t comply, creates interbranch strife

Druck 2012 (Judah A. Druck, B.A., Brandeis University, 2010; J.D. Candidate, Cornell Law School, 2013, "DRONING ON: THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION AND THE NUMBING EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN WARFARE," Cornell Law Review, Vol. 98:209, http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/cornell-law-review/upload/Druck-final.pdf)
By now, the general pattern concerning presidential treatment of¶ the WPR should be
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(under the right circumstances) prevent a WPR suit from moving forward. 

Lower courts will erode the  ruling

Borochoff 2008 (Elise Borochoff, JD 2010, Harvard Law, "Lower Court Compliance With Supreme Court Remands," Lexis)
The traditional model of the United States legal system envisions the relationship between federal district
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Court as an apolitical institution ruling over the entirety of the judicial branch.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Augustana AR | Judge: Mike Kreuger

Reform solves- Obama has increased transparency and basic rights at Guantanamo

Reilly ’13
~Ryan, .C.-based reporter who covers the Justice Department and the Supreme Court for The Huffington Post. He has covered federal law enforcement and legal news since 2009, previously reporting for Talking Points Memo and MainJustice.com, "Obama’s Guantanamo Is Never Going To Close, So Everyone Might As Well Get Comfortable," 02.16.2013.  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/16/obama-guantanamo_n_2618503.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/16/obama-guantanamo_n_2618503.html//wyo-hdm~~
Unable to close Guantanamo, Obama restarted the military commissions in March 2011. He
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proceeding that we can look at, understand, analyze," Martins said.

Status quo solves – conditions are now humanitarian

Pearlstein ’12
~Deb, assistant professor of international and constitutional law at Cardozo Law School in New York. She was part of the first group of human rights monitors granted access in 2004 to observe military commission proceedings at Guantánamo Bay, "The Situation Is Better Than It Was," NYT Room For Debate, 01.09.2012. http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/01/09/guantanamo-10-years-later/guantanamo-better-than-it-was-http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/01/09/guantanamo-10-years-later/guantanamo-better-than-it-was, accessed 7/23/13wyo-hdm~
For all that remains deplorable about the continuing operation of the Guantánamo prison, it
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independent lawyers, among others, have met with most detainees many times.

Guantanamo Bay detainees have proper rights

Groves and Walsh, 07
(Steven Groves-http://www.heritage.org/about/staff/stevengroves.cfm is Bernard and Barbara Lomas Fellow in the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom, a division of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, and Brian W. Walsh-http://www.heritage.org/about/staff/BrianWalsh.cfmis Senior Legal Research Fellow in the Center for Legal and Judicial Studies, at The Heritage Foundation, "Dispelling Misconceptions: Guantanamo Bay Detainee ProceduresExceed the Requirements of the U.S. Constitution, U.S. Law, andCustomary International Law", July 13, www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/07/dispelling-misconceptions-guantanamo-bay-detainee-procedures-exceed-the-requirements-of-the-us-constitution-us-law-and-customary-international-law-http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/07/dispelling-misconceptions-guantanamo-bay-detainee-procedures-exceed-the-requirements-of-the-us-constitution-us-law-and-customary-international-law NL)
Misconception ~232: The Guantanamo Bay detainees received inadequate due process when they were
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as a direct result of, their repudiation of the laws of war.

New review board gives prisoners a fair trial

RT News, 13
("Gitmo indefinite detainees to have cases reviewed ahead of Senate hearing on prison shutdown", July 20, rt.com/usa/guantanamo-detainees-cases-reviewed-368/ NL)
According to an email to attorneys from periodic review secretariat director retired Navy Rear Admiral
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witnesses who are reasonably available and willing to provide information that is relevant.

The prisoners have rights—can challenge their detention in civilian courts and have habeas corpus

AP, 08
(Associated Press, "Supreme Court back Guantanamo detainees", 6/12, www.nbcnews.com/id/25117953/ns/world_news-terrorism/t/supreme-court-backs-guantanamo-detainees/~23.Ue58KY2TiSI-http://www.nbcnews.com/id/25117953/ns/world_news-terrorism/t/supreme-court-backs-guantanamo-detainees/ NL)
WASHINGTON-http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=226where1=WASHINGTON26sty=h26form=msdate — In a stinging rebuke to President Bush’s anti-terror policies, a
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hundreds of years ago and essential to American jurisprudence since our nation’s founding."

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Washburn PW | Judge: Peter Cancron

Decapitation works—it takes out key pieces of terrorist operations, keeps leaders on the run, and creates infighting that causes organizations to collapse.

Wilner 10, (Alex S. Wilner, Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Targeted Killings in Afghanistan: Measuring Coercion and Deterrence in Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency, Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Vol. 33 No. 4, 09 Mar 2010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10576100903582543)
For smaller terrorist groups and cells, where leadership, knowledge, and power are
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reveal that it had everything to do with the absence of strong leadership.

Qualities of terrorist groups makes them uniquely susceptible to decapitation strategies – violent, clandestine, and value oriented leadership difficult to replace

Price 2012 (Bryan C. former assistant professor in the Department of Social Sciences at the U.S. Military Academy and Director of the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, "Leadership Decapitation and the End of Terrorist ", June 27 2012, http://www.fairobserver.com/article/leadership-decapitation-and-end-terrorist-groups)
Leadership decapitation has largely failed to produce desired policy results against organizations other than terrorist
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groups feature all three characteristics, however, leadership decapitation accelerates their demise.

Targeted killing works—group dispersal, leadership refuge, power vacuums, insights paranoia, and forces changed tactics

Morehouse 11, (Matthew A. Morehouse, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Department of Political Science—Thesis, Hellfire and Grey Drones: An Empirical Examination of the Effectiveness of Targeted Killings, May 1, 2011, http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscitheses/8/)
Taking the qualitative data in its totality, it appears that the United States’ targeted
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structures and tactics in order to better withstand the occurrence of targeted killings.

Drones crush terrorists and solve militant takeover in Pakistan – no anti-americanism in tribal areas now

Nadim 2012 (Hussain Nadim, visiting scholar at the Woodrow Wilson Center, August 8, 2012, "How Drones Changed the Game in Pakistan," National Interest, nationalinterest.org/how-drones-changed-the-game-pakistan-7290)
Regardless of what the news agencies in Pakistan claim about the negative effects of drone
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at all as long as they get to burn a few American flags.

Drones are the best option and save civilian lives overall – new oversight not necessary

Meservey 12 (Josh, writing for Fletcher forum of world affairs at Tufts university, second year MALD candidate focusing on International Security. He is interested in non-state armed groups and counterinsurgency, particularly in Africa, November 16 "Drones: The Best Option We’ve Got" http://www.fletcherforum.org/2012/11/16/meservey/)
Moreover, the United States’ use of drones raises the troubling question of civilian casualties
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this level of success against high-level terrorist targets in the FATA.

Targeted killing works—group dispersal, leadership refuge, power vacuums, insights paranoia, and forces changed tactics

Morehouse 11, (Matthew A. Morehouse, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Department of Political Science—Thesis, Hellfire and Grey Drones: An Empirical Examination of the Effectiveness of Targeted Killings, May 1, 2011, http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscitheses/8/)
Taking the qualitative data in its totality, it appears that the United States’ targeted
AND
structures and tactics in order to better withstand the occurrence of targeted killings.

HVT key – best studies prove

Johnston and Sarbahi ’13
~Patrick Johnson Former Fellow Harvard’s Kennedy School; Anoop K. Sarbahi Postdoctoral Scholar Stanford, "The Impact of U.S. Drone Strikes on Terrorism in Pakistan and Afghanistan", 7/1/13, http://patrickjohnston.info/materials/drones.pdf,wyo-http://patrickjohnston.info/materials/drones.pdf,wyo TL~
Given that killing terrorist leaders or HVIs in terrorist organizations is the purpose¶ of
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overemphasizing the extent to which such individuals can be readily ¶ replaced.¶ 46

Targeted killing works – reduced competence and increased daily disruption

Admiral Dennis Blair, Former Director of National Intelligence, "U.S. Drone Strike Policies: Speakers: Admiral Dennis Blair, Former Director of National Intelligence, and Micah Zenko, Douglas Dillon Fellow," Conversation at CFR, January 22, 2013.
OPERATOR: Our next question comes from David Wood with Huffington Post.¶ QUESTIONER:
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but — of which the drone attacks on leadership have been a part.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: Octas | Opponent: KCKCC TA | Judge: Rob Burns, Alexa Bonnet, Matt Gerber
US Imperialism Inevitable- History shows

Khodaee ’11
~Esfandiar, American Studies at Tehran University, and#34;Is imperialism Inevitable for America?and#34; July 19, 2011, http://peace.blog.com/2011/07/19/imperialism/-http://peace.blog.com/2011/07/19/imperialism///wyo-hdm~~
Imperialism takes root from human nature. In history we see whenever a country had
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. Through these treaties may be in the future they can defend themselves.
American imperialism should be embraced – it has been the greatest force for good in the world
Boot, 2003 (Max, Olin senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, and#34;American Imperialism? No Need to Run Away from Label,and#34; 5-18-2003, www.attacberlin.de/fileadmin/Sommerakademie/Boot_Imperialim_fine.pdf)
The greatest danger is that we won’t use all of our power for fear of
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empire whatever we do. We might as well be a successful empire.  
Hegemonic stability theory’s predictions are accurate—hegemony disincentivizes conflict and substantially improves the global standard of living
Owen 11 John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard and#34;DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONYand#34; Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/-http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/

Andrew Mack and his colleagues at the Human Security Report Project are to be congratulated
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U.S. material and moral support for liberal democracy remains strong.
The world is getting better now because heg is peaceful
Busby 12 ~Josh, Assistant Professor of Public Affairs and a fellow in the RGK Center for Philanthropy and Community Service as well as a Crook Distinguished Scholar at the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law, Duck of Minerva, and#34;Get Real21 Chicago IR guys out in forceand#34; http://duckofminerva.blogspot.com/2012/01/get-real-chicago-ir-guys-out-in-force.html

Is Unipolarity Peaceful? As evidence, Monteiro provides metrics of the number of years
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itself that makes other states insecure, even though they can’t balance against

Tournament: UMKC | Round: Octas | Opponent: KCKCC TA | Judge: Rob Burns, Alexa Bonnet, Matt Gerber
First, MORAL disagreement: Effective moral deliberation requires that all parties be willing to submit to a RECIPROCAL process of agonistic disagreement.  Without an effective PROCESS of switch-side debate, there can be no method of dealing with the practical constraints that surround any persuasive context.  EVEN IF the affirmative wins there is merit to considering their case, their abandonment of the forum of switch-side debate leaves us less able to speak to problems of power, violence and inequality because they give up on a process that is inherently valuable.

Gutmann 26 Thompson 96
~Amy 26 Dennis, President of Penn State and Professor of Political Philosophy at Harvard, Democracy and Disagreement, p. 1wyo-tjc~
OF THE CHALLENGES that American democracy faces today, none is more formidable than the
AND
means for deciding what means are morally required to pursue our common ends.
Second, SWITCH-SIDE DEBATE: The net-benefits are both epistemic and ontological: epistemic because prepared, competitive discourse and required listening to both sides of an argument is a prerequisite for critical reasoning and interested inquiry, and ontological because it affirms a method of living that is the only antidote to the violence of the affirmative’s universalist dogma, which is root of violence and genocide

Roberts-Miller 3
~Patricia, Associate Professor of Rhetoric at UT Austin, and#34;Fighting Without Hatred: Hannah Arendt ’ s Agonistic Rhetoricand#34;, p. aspwyo-tjc~
Totalitarianism and the Competitive Space of Agonism Arendt is probably most famous for her analysis
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thoughts without reference to anyone else or to let others do one’s thinking.
First, BOUNDED CREATIVITY outweighs: You should embrace a model of debate that strikes a balance between predictability and creativity—it is a PRACTICAL REALITY that preparing to debate within a common framework enhances education because it maximizes elaboration and testing of ideas.  That’s also a reason to SEVERLY DISCOUNT their impact claims because those claims have not been submitted to rigorous testing but are only shallow gut-shot reactions. 

Goodin 03
~Robert E. Goodin and Simon J. Niemeyer- Australian National University- 2003, When Does Deliberation Begin? Internal Reflection versus Public Discussion in Deliberative Democracy, POLITICAL STUDIES: 2003 VOL 51, 627–649, uwyoamp~
Suppose that instead of highly polarized symbolic attitudes, what we have at the outset
AND
invariably have a considerable impact on changing the way jurors approach an issue.

Second is your argument filter:  It is OK to divorce debate from the ’real-world’- a laboratory separate from conviction is necessary to teach methods of argumentative reasoning AND advocacy skills—You should privilege these skills even if you have to sacrifice purity of inquiry because these are the skills MOST UNIQUE to the debate forum—they can’t be garnered anywhere else

Muir 93
~Star A., Professor of Communication Studies at George Mason, Philosophy and Rhetoric, and#34;A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary Debateand#34;, p. aspwyo-tjc~
The emphasis on method—-focusing on the technique of debate as an educational end
AND
amusing gamesmanship often thought of, but sober, realistic, important gamesmanship.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: UCO FH | Judge: Ravi Rao

LINK—THE AFF FETISHIZES THE LAW AND ITS ABILITY TO RESOLVE PRESIDENTIAL POWERS, THEIR CALL RESULTS IN A RETURN TO LAW THAT DESTROYS THE POSSIBILITY FOR RADICAL POLITICS

NEOCLEOUS 2006
(Mark Neocleous, Politics 26 History @ Brunel University, and#34;the Problem with Normalityand#34;, Alternatives, no. 31 wyo-tjc)
To criticize the use of emergency powers in terms of a suspension of the law
AND
as part of a unified political strategy in the fabrication of social order.

Your Discourse on indefinite detention is only affirming the state can arbitrarily take away human rights- We must abandon the legal subjectivity rationality

Zevnik 11
~Andreja Zevnik, Department of International Politics, and#34;Becoming-Animal, Becoming-Detainee: Encountering Human Rights Discourse in Guantanamoand#34;, 25 March 2011, Springer,
wyo-bb~
Similar is the example of Guantanamo. The Guantanamo detention facility has¶ been from
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rational subject. The legal subjectivity is always constructed¶ on this spectrum.

SOCIETY HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY CONFOUNDED AT THE FAILURE OF LAW TO CONTAIN VIOLENCE—WE SEE LAW AS A ’LESSER EVIL’ THAT IS NECESSARY TO HUMANIZE WAR.  QUITE TO THE CONTRARY, THE LAWS OF WAR LEGITIMIZE AND PROTECT STATIST FORMS OF VIOLENCE AND CRUSH DISSENT

BERMAN (Prof of Law at Brooklyn Law School) 2004
~Nathaniel, and#34;Privleging Combat?and#34;, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, p. ln wyo-tjc~
Through examining the legal doctrines crucial to defining the combatants’ privilege, in my view
AND
of people, while excluding other forms engaged in by other people. n9

And, the embedded in the law is the power to render the subject politically valueless, enabling state management

Agamben, 98 (Giorgio, philosopher and bad ass, and#34;Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life.and#34; 1998, Stanford University Press, MB)
It is not our intention here to take a position on the difficult ethical problem
AND
category. It now dwells in the biological body of every living being.

The Alternative is to write against the state.

Exposing the law as violence is necessary to create space for rethinking that makes social relations outside of statist violence possible

Neocleous 2003
~Mark, Teaches politics @ Brunel, Imagining the state, Philadelphia: Open University Press, 6-7/uwyo-ajl~
The last point should indicate to the reader that this is a polemical book about
AND
of the state, and thus an end to the possibility of fascism.

The affs politics guarantees the worst forms of tyranny, any permutation will fail. We should see politics as a struggle between the state and non-state actors for creating a society outside of state management of bodies—we must pick a side

Agamben, 2000 (Giorgio, philosopher and bad ass, and#34;Means Without End: Notes on Politics.and#34; University of Minnesota Press, 2000. MB)
What does the scenario that world politics is setting up before us look like under
AND
another Tiananmen and, sooner or later, the tanks will appear again.

HUMAN RIGHTS DISCOURSE LEADS TO THE VICTIMIZATION OF THOSE OPPRESSED, WE SHOULD FOCUS ON EMPOWERING THEM AND CHALLENGING THE STATE

Zevnik 11
~Andreja Zevnik, Department of International Politics, and#34;Becoming-Animal, Becoming-Detainee: Encountering Human Rights Discourse in Guantanamoand#34;, 25 March 2011, Springer,
wyo-bb~
One of the ideas of how to think a human rights discourse in the scope
AND
any other qualities, and preserving it in such ’bare’¶ condition.

SECOND, MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE- THE BALLOT MUST BE SEEN AS AN ADVOCACY FOR A POLITICAL STRATEGY- FOR OR AGAINST THE STATE

Agamben, 2000 (Giorgio, philosopher and bad ass, and#34;Means Without End: Notes on Politics.and#34; University of Minnesota Press, 2000. MB)
What does the scenario that world politics is setting up before us look like under
AND
another Tiananmen and, sooner or later, the tanks will appear again.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: Octas | Opponent: KCKCC TA | Judge: Rob Burns, Alexa Bonnet, Matt Gerber
THEIR METHOD DESTROYS A MATERIALIST-BASED UNDERSTANDING OF THE WAR ON TERRORISM AND STATE SECURITY—IDENTITY IS NOT DISCURSIVELY PRODUCED BUT IS MATERIALLY MEDIATED BY THE FORCES OF CAPITALISM

VARADARJAN (Professor of Political Science) 2004
~Latha, and#34;Constructivism, Identity and Neoliberal (in)securityand#34;, Review of International Studies, p. cjo wyo-tjc~
In September 2002, almost exactly a year after the attacks on the World Trade
AND
spot has serious consequences for their analysis of the security practices of states.  
THE NARRATIVIZATION OF POLITICS IS INHERENTLY CONSERVATIVE—IT IS THE EMBRACE OF CAPITALIST EXCESS AND DESTROYS ANY ATTEMPT TO RESIST OR OPPOSE CAPITALISM ON ANY GROUNDS

FOSTER (Dept of Sociology at Oregon) 1997
~John Bellamy, and#34;In Defense of Historyand#34;, In Defense of History, ed. Foster 26 Wood wyo-tjc~
The weaknesses of postmodernism-from an emancipatory perspective- thus far overshadow its strengths
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and#34; of capitalist productive and market relations, but to transcend them.22

FINALLY, THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN ETHICAL ACTION THAT STANDS OUTSIDE OF POLITICS—YOUR ETHICAL DEMAND TO COME PRIOR TO THE NEGATION OF CAPITAL IS THE LARGEST VIOLATION
MESZAROS (Prof. Emeritus @ Univ. Sussex) 1995
~Istavan, Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of Transition, p. 409-10  wyo~
Politics and morality are so closely intertwined in the real world that it is hardly
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strategy, taking fully on board the painful lessons of the recent past.
Vote Negative to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC.
METHOD IS THE FOREMOST POLITICAL QUESTION BECAUSE ONE MUST UNDERSTAND EXISTING SOCIAL TOTALITY BEFORE ONE CAN HOW TO ACT—GROUNDING THE SITES OF POLITICAL CONTESTATION OUTSIDE OF LABOR MERELY SERVE TO HUMANIZE CAPITAL AND PREVENT A TRANSITION BEYOND OPPRESSION
TUMINO (Prof. English @ Pitt) 2001
~Stephen, and#34;What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Everand#34;, Red Critique, p. online wyo-tjc~
Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will
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determinism of corporate theory (and#34;knowledge workand#34 that masquerades as social theory.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent: UCO FH | Judge: Ravi Rao

CONGRESSIONAL ACTION CONCERNING ENEMY COMBATANTS IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL AND JACKS PRESIDENTIAL AUTHORITY. – GENDER MODIFIED

Working Group 04
~Working Group Report on Detainee Interrogations in The Global War on Terrorism: Assessment of Legal, Historical, Policy, and Operational Considerations. Published in The Modern Tribune, Full Text Available at www.themoderntribune.com/full_text_us_torture_policy_memo_gonzalez_bush.htm~23Administration20Lawyers20Ascribed20Broad20Power20to20Bush20on20Torture
Written 6 March 2003, De-Classified 10 June 2004 ~

One of the core functions of the Commander-in-Chief is that of
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We note that this view is consistent with that of the Department of Justice

There’s no middle ground-congressional action on targeted killing hampers the president’s constitutional authority to respond to security threats

Posner 2012
~Eric Posner, a professor at the University of Chicago Law School, October 17^th, 2012, The Drones Are Coming to Libya, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2012/10/drones_attacks_in_libya_an_unprecedented_expansion_of_presidential_power.2.html-http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2012/10/drones_attacks_in_libya_an_unprecedented_expansion_of_presidential_power.2.html, uwyoamp~

And even if the president wants to fling drones at non-al-Qaida
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Obama from cutting back on some Bush-era tactics, is obvious.

Court restrictions on the president’s war powers violates separation of powers

Turner 2012
~Professor Turner holds both professional and academic doctorates from the University of Virginia School of Law, where in 1981 he co-founded the Center for National Security Law with Professor John Norton Moore—who taught the nation’s first course on national security law in 1969. Turner served as chairman of the ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security from 1989–1992., The War Powers Resolution at 40: Still an Unconstitutional, Unnecessary, and Unwise Fraud That Contributed CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW•VOL. 45•2012, Directly to the 9/11 Attacks, http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/45CaseWResJIntlL1262.pdf-http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/45CaseWResJIntlL1262.pdf, uwyoamp~

Yet another key Jefferson rival, Chief Justice John Marshall, reaffirmed the president’s independent
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relations power was the essential element in the grant. . . .and#34;20

Presidential power is zero-sum- the branches compete

Barilleaux and Kelley 2010 ~Ryan J. , Professor of Political Science at Miami, OH; and Christopher S. , Lecturer (Political Science) at Miami, OH, The Unitary Executive and the Modern Presidency, Texas A26M Press, p. P 196-197, 2010 wyo-sc~
In their book The Broken Branch, Mann and Ornstein paint a different view.
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of these trends away from meaningful congressional stewardship of foreign policy and spending. 

Strong executive key to solve climate change-lack of congressional action prevents solvency in the squo and executive negotiating power key to check  environmental and economic collapse

Wold 2012
~Chris Wold, Professor of Law 26 Director, International Environmental Law Project
(IELP), 2012, Lewis 26 Clark Law School, 2012, CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW•VOL. 45•2012, uwyoamp~

In 2007, then-Senator Barack Obama wrote, and#34;As the world’s largest
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economic crisis that lies ahead if we fail to take more aggressive action.

Studies show warming is human caused and will cause extinction
Ahmed 2010
(Nafeez Ahmed, Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development, professor of International Relations and globalization at Brunel University and the University of Sussex, Spring/Summer 2010, and#34;Globalizing Insecurity: The Convergence of Interdependent Ecological, Energy, and Economic Crises,and#34; Spotlight on Security, Volume 5, Issue 2, online)
Perhaps the most notorious indicator is anthropogenic global warming. The landmark 2007 Fourth Assessment
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– a situation endangering the survival of all life on earth.~xi~

Presidential power increasing now

-Lack of functional legislative branch

Epps 2013
~Garrett Epps,  a former reporter for The Washington Post, is a novelist and legal scholar. He teaches courses in constitutional law and creative writing for law students at the University of Baltimore, Can We Talk Calmly About Obama’s ’Executive Orders’?, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/can-we-talk-calmly-about-obamas-executive-orders/267319/-http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/can-we-talk-calmly-about-obamas-executive-orders/267319/, uwyoamp~

There’s every reason to think that there will be more of these serious executive-
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Their article illustrates that desperate constitutional times sometimes elicit extra-constitutional measures.

-executive orders

Kumar 2013
~Anita Kumar, journalist,  March 19, 2013, Obama turning to executive power to get what he wants

http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/03/19/186309/obama-turning-to-executive-power.html~~23.Uexodo1tOyQ~~23storylink=cpy-http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/03/19/186309/obama-turning-to-executive-power.html, uwyoamp~

WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama came into office four years ago skeptical of pushing the
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bypass or pressure a Congress where the opposition Republicans can block any proposal.

Prez Power increasing now—Libya

Meckler ’12
~Laura Meckler, writer for WSJ, March 30^th, 2012, Obama Shifts View of Executive Power,  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303812904577292273665694712.html-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303812904577292273665694712.html, uwyoamp~

When he ran for president, Barack Obama promised to roll back President George W
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been targeted and killed based on the judgment of the executive branch alone.

Third, UNCHECKED WARMING WILL CRUSH CIVILIZATION, KILLING BILLIONS and turning econ, war, and terror.

BROWN ’97
(Paul, Env. Correspondent for The Guradian, Global Warming Expert, Global Warming: Can Civilization Survive? Pg. 9-10)
  The conclusion I come to is that there are two possible con- sequences
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marginal lands. Civilization breaks down and millions, possibly billions, die.

Warming leads to extinction

Henderson 5
~Bill, Environmental scientist, 3/16/5. http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-henderson160305.htm-http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-henderson160305.htm.~~
But these immediate effects of global warming pale before the possibility of runaway global warming
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some bacteria; the end of life on Earth as we know it.

Strong Obama k2 international climate change treaties—must change perception of U.S.

Wold 2012
~Chris Wold, Professor of Law 26 Director, International Environmental Law Project
(IELP), 2012, Lewis 26 Clark Law School, 2012, CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW•VOL. 45•2012, uwyoamp~
The president has several opportunities to flex his treaty-making authority to strengthen the
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progress on a package of international commitments than other countries.109 2020.and#34;