Tournament: App State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Michigan Chappell-Payne | Judge: Lowry

ADV 1: NORMS

Drone prolif inevitable – plan results in norms for use – solves global war

Kristen Roberts 13, news editor for the National Journal, master in security studies from Georgetown, “When the Whole World Has Drones”, March 22, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/when-the-whole-world-has-drones-20130321

The proliferation of drone technology has moved well beyond the control of the United States
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operations manual for other nations but a legal and moral one as well.

Geographic restrictions are key

Rosa Brooks, Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Bernard L. Schwartz Senior Fellow, New America Foundation, 4/23/13, The Constitutional and Counterterrorism Implications of Targeted Killing, http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/pdf/04-23-13BrooksTestimony.pdf

Mr. Chairman, I would like to turn now to the legal framework applicable
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them to justify the killing of dissidents, rivals, or unwanted minorities?

India will strike militants in Pakistan – US precedent is key

Siddique 13 (Qandeel, researcher and policy advisor based in Oslo. She specialises in international terrorism, political violence and South Asian affairs for the Centre for International and Strategic Analysis, 4/8/2013, "THE UNITED STATES’ DRONE PROGRAM IN PAKISTAN: An Analysis of the Efficacy and the Pakistani Government’s Complicity", strategiskanalyse.no/publikasjoner202013/2013-04-08_SISA4_DroneProgram_QandeelS.pdf)

While only a small share of countries presently possess armed drones, the demand for
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has declared its goal of acquiring “mass acquisition of armed UAVs.4

Causes escalation

Keck 13 (Zachary Keck is Associate Editor of The Diplomat. He has previously served as a Deputy Editor for E-IR and as an Editorial Assistant for The Diplomat. Zach has published in various outlets such as Foreign Policy, The National Interest, The Atlantic, Foreign Affairs, and World Politics Review., 8/29/2013, "India Eyes Drone-Launched Smart Bombs", thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2013/08/29/india-eyes-drone-launched-smart-bombs/)

Yogesh Joshi, an expert on India’s strategic and missile capabilities
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embarrassment as well as an escalation of conflict.”

Pakistan is on the brink – Indo-Pak war and loose nukes both cause extinction

William Pitt 9 is a New York Times and internationally bestselling author of two books: "War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know" and "The Greatest Sedition Is Silence”, 5/8, “Unstable Pakistan Threatens the World,” http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=articleandcat=commentaryandarticle=2183, 

But a suicide bomber in Pakistan rammed a car packed with explosives into a jeep
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Pakistan, however, needs to be placed immediately on the front burner. 

Drones cause SCS and ECS conflict – US precedent is key

Bodeen 13 (Christopher, Beijing correspondent for The Associated Press, 5/3/2013, "China's Drone Program Appears To Be Moving Into Overdrive", www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/03/china-drone-program_n_3207392.html)

Chinese aerospace firms have developed dozens of drones, known also as unmanned aerial vehicles
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frequently scrambles fighters to tail Chinese manned aircraft.

SCS conflict causes extinction

Wittner 11 (Lawrence S. Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany, Wittner is the author of eight books, the editor or co-editor of another four, and the author of over 250 published articles and book reviews. From 1984 to 1987, he edited Peace and Change, a journal of peace research., 11/28/2011, "Is a Nuclear War With China Possible?",  www.huntingtonnews.net/14446)

While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.
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—destroying agriculture, creating worldwide famine, and generating chaos and destruction. 

Senkaku conflict causes extinction

Baker 12 (Kevin R., Member of the Compensation Committee of Calfrac, Chair of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Century Oilfield Services Inc. from August 2005 until November 10, 2009, when it was acquired by the Corporation. He also has served as the President of Baycor Capital Inc., 9/17/2012, “What Would Happen if China and Japan Went to War?”, http://appreviews4u.com/2012/09/17/what-would-happen-if-china-and-japan-went-to-war/)

China is not an isolationist country but it is quite nationalistic
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maybe 20 years at best, if there are ample supplies of course.

The best scholarship validates our theory of arms races – unless norms precede formal agreements, they’ll be ineffective

Robert Farley 11, assistant professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, Over the Horizon: U.S. Drone Use Sets Global Precedent, October 12, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/10311/over-the-horizon-u-s-drone-use-sets-global-precedent

Is the world about to see a "drone race" among the United States
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policymakers should perhaps devote a touch more attention to the precedent they're setting.

ADV 2: TERROR

Public backlash coming now – plan solves

Zenko 13 (Micah Zenko is the Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action (CPA) at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). Previously, he worked for five years at the Harvard Kennedy School and in Washington, DC, at the Brookings Institution, Congressional Research Service, and State Department's Office of Policy Planning, Council Special Report No. 65, January 2013, “U.S. Drone Strike Policies”, i.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Drones_CSR65.pdf?)

In his Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech, President Obama declared: “Where force
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if the United States modified its drone policy in the ways suggested below. 

Allied support for is collapsing

Robert Chesney, University of Texas School of Law Professor, 8/29/12, Beyond the Battlefield, Beyond Al Qaeda: The Destabilizing Legal Architecture of Counterterrorism, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2138623

The drawdown in Afghanistan, combined with the expansion of the shadow war model,
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/11 decade will witness far more serious legal disputes as a result.

Plan solves – key to counter-terrorism

David Kris, Assistant Attorney General for National Security at the U.S. Department of Justice from March 2009 to March 2011, 6/15/2011, Law Enforcement as a Counterterrorism Tool, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/01_David-Kris.pdf

On the other side of the balance, certainly most of our friends in Europe
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hostilities, while we abandon those tools here in the United States.84

That’s key to drone effectiveness

Zenko 13 Micah Zenko is the Douglas Dillon fellow with the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, Newsday, January 30, 2013, "Zenko: Why we can't just drone Algeria", http://www.newsday.com/opinion/oped/zenko-why-we-can-t-just-drone-algeria-1.4536641

CNN should not have been surprised. Neither the Bush nor Obama administrations received blanket
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the government has conducted an intermittent counterinsurgency against the Ogaden National Liberation Front.

Drones are effective and alternatives are worse—the plan solves criticism

Byman 13 (Daniel Byman, Brookings Institute Saban Center for Middle East Policy, Research Director, and Foreign Policy, Senior Fellow, July/Aug 2013, “Why Drones Work: The Case for the Washington's Weapon of Choice”, www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2013/06/17-drones-obama-weapon-choice-us-counterterrorism-byman)

Despite President Barack Obama’s recent call to reduce the United States’ reliance on drones,
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indiscriminately bomb civilian areas or use scorched-earth tactics against militant groups.
   

AQ leadership is down but not out

Simpson 8/17—national affairs columnist with The Globe and Mail, a Canadian newspaper (2013, Jeffrey, “The long war against al-Qaeda isn't over,” lexis)

Just how serious is the al-Qaeda threat? Informed people can disagree, but the Canadian Security Intelligence
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in Lebanon, both enemies of the Sunni jihadis in al-Qaeda.

Drone decapitation solves safe havens – prevents an attack in the US

Johnston 12 (Patrick B. Johnston is an associate political scientist at the RAND Corporation, a nonprofit, nonpartisan research institution. He is the author of "Does Decapitation Work? Assessing the Effectiveness of Leadership Targeting in Counterinsurgency Campaigns," published in International Security (Spring 2012)., 8/22/2012, "Drone Strikes Keep Pressure on al-Qaida", www.rand.org/blog/2012/08/drone-strikes-keep-pressure-on-al-qaida.html)

Should the U.S. continue to strike at al-Qaida's leadership with drone attacks? A recent poll shows that
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made it more difficult for al-Qaida remnants to reconstitute a new safe haven, as Osama bin Laden did in Afghanistan in 1996, after his ouster from Sudan.

Nuclear terrorism causes extinction

Hellman 8 (Martin E. Hellman, emeritus prof of engineering @ Stanford, “Risk Analysis of Nuclear Deterrence” SPRING 2008 THE BENT OF TAU BETA PI, http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf)

The threat of nuclear terrorism looms much larger in the public’s mind than the threat
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assume that  preventing World War III is a necessity—not an option. 

Bioterror causes extinction

Mhyrvold ‘13 Nathan, Began college at age 14, BS and Masters from UCLA, Masters and PhD, Princeton “Strategic Terrorism: A Call to Action,” Working Draft, The Lawfare Research Paper Series Research paper NO . 2 – 2013

As horrible as this would be, such a pandemic is by no means the
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be available to anybody with a solid background in biology, terrorists included.

PLAN

Plan: The United States Federal Government should restrict executive authority for targeted killing as a first resort outside zones of active hostilities.

SOLVENCY

Congressional action sends a clear signal the US abides by laws of armed conflict

Kenneth Anderson, Professor of Law, Washington College of Law, American University, and Research Fellow, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University and Member of its Task Force on National Security and the Law, 3/18/10, Rise of the Drones: Unmanned Systems and the Future of War, digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002andcontext=pub_disc_cong

• First, the United States government urgently needs publicly to declare the legal rationale behind its use of
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of their use, including both their use and their limits in law.

Plan key to consensus on TK norms

Jennifer Daskal, Fellow and Adjunct Professor, Georgetown Center on National Security and the Law, Georgetown University Law Center, April 2013, ARTICLE: THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE BATTLEFIELD: A FRAMEWORK FOR DETENTION AND TARGETING OUTSIDE THE "HOT" CONFLICT ZONE, 161 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1165

Legal scholars, policymakers, and state actors are embroiled in a heated debate about
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, and foreign policy gains make acceptance of this framework a worthy endeavor.

Plan is squo policy but codification is key – triggers your disads

Jennifer Daskal, Fellow and Adjunct Professor, Georgetown Center on National Security and the Law, Georgetown University Law Center, April 2013, ARTICLE: THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE BATTLEFIELD: A FRAMEWORK FOR DETENTION AND TARGETING OUTSIDE THE "HOT" CONFLICT ZONE, 161 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1165

One might be skeptical that a nation like the United States would ever accept such constraints on the exercise
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American citizen, the United States would have few principled grounds for objecting.

Congressional restriction key to credibility and signal

Kenneth Anderson, Professor of Law, Washington College of Law, American University, and Research Fellow, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University and Member of its Task Force on National Security and the Law, 5/11/2009, Targeted Killing in U.S. Counterterrorism Strategy and Law, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2009/5/1120counterterrorism20anderson/0511_counterterrorism_anderson.pdf

What Should Congress Do?
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itself a certain deformation of the IHL concept of hostilities and armed conflict.

Tournament: App State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Mary Washington Stackhouse-Young | Judge: Rao
Same as Round 2, but added this card to the bottom of solvency:

Status quo administration policy delineates between geographic zones, but our legal justification for war everywhere remains in place

Anthony Dworkin 13, senior policy fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations, “Drones And Targeted Killing: Defining A European Position”, July, http://ecfr.eu/page/-/ECFR84_DRONES_BRIEF.pdf
Two further points are worth noting. First, the administration has acknowledged that in the case of
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forces wherever they were found, remains in place to serve as a precedent for other states that wish to claim it.

Tournament: App State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan Molinaro-Kaprielian | Judge: Lopez

Same as Rd 3