1AC - OCOs 1NC - Plan flaw - 'andor' Resolve DA XO CP Politics Security K Case 2NC - Security K Case 1NR - XO CP Resolve DA 2NR - XO CP Resolve
Gsu
2
Opponent: Kansas Birzer-Campbell | Judge: Struth
1AC - Charming Betsy Courts Aff 1NC - Climate Rhetoric K T - Regulate v Restrict Court Stripping DA Yemen Terrorism DA CP - Sign Montreal Case defense 2NC - Court Stripping DA Warming adv 1NR - I-law adv T 2NR - Court Stripping DA Case
Gsu
7
Opponent: Harvard Herman-Rogan | Judge: Cohn
1AC - Shift CIA strikes to JSOC - Drones Good 1NC - T - Restriction XO CP Politics (Debt Ceiling) Resolve DA Security K Case Defense 2NC - Politics XO CP 1NR - T 2NR - T
1AC - Critical drones aff 1NC - Yemen Terrorism DA Conventional Shift DA Case - Drones Good Defense
Kentucky
1
Opponent: Michigan Batra-Jacome | Judge: Hardy
1AC - Court with jurisdiction over TK of US citizens 1NC - Terrorism DA Politics Security K Resolve DA XO CP 2NC - Politics Case XO CP 1NR - Case Terrorism DA 2NR - Terrorism DA Case
Kentucky
3
Opponent: Harvard Kim-Seaton | Judge: Revelins
1NC - Politics Resolve XO CP Security K Case defense 2NC - Security K XO CP Case D 1NR - Resolve DA 2NR - Security K XO CP Case D
Kentucky
6
Opponent: Wayne State Wirth-Nagel | Judge: Bender
1NC - T Terrorism DA Resolve DA XO CP Case 2NC - T Terrorism DA XO 1NR - Case 2NR - T Case
Kentucky
8
Opponent: Georgia Caplan-Shanker | Judge: Weil
1NC - Debt Ceiling XO T - Restriction CCP Instability Good Case defense 2NC - CCP Instability Good 1NR - Case defense 2NR - CCP Instability Good
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Religious groups and political movements have historically turned to the media as a way to AND an unnamed Falun Gong researcher were used to support allegations of organ harvesting.
2. CCP collapse spurs peaceful elite-led transition to democracy. Liu 8 Alan P. L., is a professor emeritus of political science at the University of California at Santa Barbara specializing in contemporary Chinese political culture and development, China’s Democratic Future: How It Will Happen and Where It Will Lead, China Review International, Volume 15, Number 1, 2008
At the same time, Chinese society has been undergoing rapid changes because of increasing AND and civil service examination to the usual legislative-judiciary-executive model).
3. Chinese democracy transforms global politics – consolidates global democracy. Gilley 5 Bruce, Ph.D. candidate in politics at Princeton University. His research interests include comparative politics, especially of the Asia-Pacific region, democratization, and political philosophy, especially theories of domestic and global justice. The author of three books on China and several peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, he holds a Masters in economics from the University of Oxford, and a Bachelors in international relations from the University of Toronto, China’s Democratic Future, 246-8
If it has not already been brought into serious question by the continued spread of AND with that global movement, the possibilities for positive change will be immense.
4. Impact is human survival and global war. Larry Diamond, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, 1995, December, Promoting Democracy in the 1990s, http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in AND which a new world order of international security and prosperity can be built.
5. CCP makes China-Taiwan war inevitable – democracy swiftly makes peace attractive. Friedman 2K Edward, University of Wisconsin-Madison Hawkins Chair of Political Science and professor, former China specialist on the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs, “Preventing War Between China and Japan,” in What if China Doesn’t Democratize?, ed. By Friedman and McCormick, 111
Yet many American analysts treat Chinese words of pure defensiveness as gospel. It, AND Taiwanese. It is dictatorship in China which perpetuates war-prone division.
6. The impact is extinction. Strait Times 2K “No one gains in war over Taiwan,” June 25 2000, L/N
THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war escalating into a full AND cannot be ruled out entirely, for China puts sovereignty above everything else.
In China, environmental protection is an increasingly pressing issue. Not only are pollution AND are we following the sustainable development strategy that was put forward in 1992?
8. Chinese environmental destruction causes extinction. Hertsgaard 97 Mark, whose investigation of the Chinese environmental crisis appears in the November Atlantic Monthly, is the author of the forthcoming "Blue Planet, Red Sky," a book about the global environmental future, SALON | Oct. 29, 1997, The real China threat, http://www.salon.com/news/1997/10/29news.html
China's environmental disaster threatens not only the Chinese people -- who are dying in the AND by the 60 to 80 percent recommended by U.N. scientists.
10/15/13
Climate Rhetoric K
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kansas Birzer-Campbell | Judge: Struth Apocalyptic representations of climate change are an ineffective rhetorical strategy that produces a self-fulfilling prophecy Hulme (Professor of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia, and Director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research) 6 (Mike, Chaotic world of climate truth, 4 November, http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6115644.stm)
The language of catastrophe is not the language of science. It will not be AND in danger of tipping society onto a negative, depressive and reactionary trajectory.
And, if successful, apocalyptic representations of climate change lead to great power war – regional interventions and arms races Brzoska (Inst. for Peace Research and Security Policy @ Hamburg) 8 (Micahel, “The Securitization of climate change and the power of conceptions of security” ISA Convention Paper)
In the literature on securitization it is implied that when a problem is securitized it AND for climate change, both policy areas are in competition for scarce resources. Alternative – Reject The Affirmative’s Security Logic – This Allows for Actual Political Thought – Accepting Their Descriptions and Responses Colonizes the Debate. Mark Neocleous, Prof. of Government @ Brunel, 2008 Critique of Security, 185-6 The only way out of such a dilemma, to escape the fetish, is AND
it requires us to be brave enough to return the gift."'
9/28/13
Conventional Shift DA
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 6 | Opponent: Trinity Rothenbaum-Yorko | Judge: Matheson The U.S. is committed to counterterrorism – absent drones they would find alternatives Wittes and Singh 12 Benjamin Wittes Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, where he is the Research Director in Public Law, and Co-Director of the Harvard Law School - Brookings Project on Law and Security, and Ritika Singh project coordinator at the Brookings Institution where she focuses on national security law and policy, 1/24/12, “The Droneless Counterfactual”, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2012/01/24/benjamin-wittes-ritika-singh/droneless-counterfactualjchen Cortright’s example, the use of drones AND on both sides. It is a mistake that colors his entire argument.
The alternatives are bombs and cruise missiles – drastically increases civilian casualties The News Tribune 13 The News Tribune, “Drones: Wise, maybe; constitutional, certainly”, 2/17/13, http://www.thenewstribune.com/2013/02/17/2478932/drones-wise-maybe-constitutional.htmljchen The realistic alternative to drone AND reduced the deaths of innocent bystanders.
9/28/13
Court Stripping DA
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kansas Birzer-Campbell | Judge: Struth A. Detention change uniquely causes court stripping – In other areas Congress seldom does anything; with detention, even procedural protections have been nullified by court stripping. Backlash to the plan would be massive Alexander 7 Janet Cooper Alexander, Frederick I. Richman Professor of Law, Stanford Law School. California Law Review Fall, 2007 95 Calif. L. Rev. 1193 ARTICLE: Jurisdiction-Stripping in a Time of Terror Although the question of congressional power to limit the jurisdiction of the federal courts is AND as well as detainees at Guantanamo and other locations outside the United States.
B. The Ukraine judiciary, including its independence is based off the American court system. Ukraine adjusts its system each year to mirror that of the US The Supreme Court of Ohio ‘8 (The Supreme court of Ohio and the Ohio judicial system Nov. 14, 2008 www.sconet.state.oh.us/PIO/news/2008/ukraine_111408.asp) The Supreme Court of Ohio will welcome six members of the Ukrainian judiciary on Monday AND State in conducting education programs for judges and lawyers in Argentina and Chile.
Ukrainian Judicial independence is key to political and economic stability
Ukrainian Rule of law project ‘9 (Ukrainian Rule of Law project in cooperation with the United States Agency for International development and the millennium challenge corporation “An expert conference ''Judicial Reform in Ukraine: Finding Solutions in Line with European Standards” March 23 March 2009 http://www.ukrainerol.org.ua/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=viewandid=128andItemid=1andlang=en ) The Council of Europe in the framework of the Joint Programme between the European Union AND of Ukrainian people, was expressed by the vast majority of the participants.
Ukrainian economic collapse draws in Russia and the west leading to a nuclear world war three
Kingston, Loveridge, Steritt ‘9 (Brian Kingston, Peter Loveridge, Joe Sterritt masters paper @ The Norman Paterson School of International Affairs – CIFP “UKRAINE: A RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT February 2009 www.carleton.ca/cifp/app/serve.php/1214.pdf)
Worst Case Scenario: WWIII Economics: Ukraine suffers catastrophic economic collapse during the global AND nuclear war, or at least the drawing in of many other countries.
9/28/13
Cybersecurity K
Tournament: Georgia State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Florida KV | Judge: Fitzmeier Fears of cyberwar are threat inflation – causes us to create imaginary enemies Severs 13 Henry holds 1st (Hons) in Criminology and Social Policy from the University of Sheffield, further awarded the Vaughan Bevan Prize by the Faculty of Law. Currently a postgraduate of War Studies at Kingand#39;s College London, reading Terrorism, Security, and Society as a Stapley Trust Scholar. Primary focus includes; domestic counter-terrorism and security policy, geopolitical risk, and cyber-security. He acts as Development Manager for The Risky Shift. Explore his personal portfolio or follow Henry on Twitter. The Cyber-Industrial-Complex MARCH 26, 2013 http://theriskyshift.com/2013/03/the-cyber-industrial-complex-2/#ixzz2bRZiyoUK The drumbeat of “cyber-doom”66 scenarios, replayed in the AND war’ in a manner eerily redolent of Iraq WMD threat inflation88.
Securitization and its Mediation Ensures Total War and Genocide – Their Representations of cyberwar Ensure Astonishing Violence. Karsten Friis, UN Sector @ the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 2k Peace and Conflict Studies 7.2, “From Liminars to Others: Securitization Through Myths,” http://shss.nova.edu/pcs/journalsPDF/V7N2.pdf#page=2
The problem with societal securitization is one of representation. It is rarely clear in AND on behalf of the natural and eternal, where truth is never questioned. Alternative – Reject The Affirmative’s Security Logic – This Allows for Actual Political Thought – Accepting Their Descriptions and Responses Colonizes the Debate. Mark Neocleous, Prof. of Government @ Brunel, 2008 Critique of Security, 185-6 The only way out of such a dilemma, to escape the fetish, is AND
it requires us to be brave enough to return the gift.and#34;and#39;
10/8/13
Debt Ceiling DA
Tournament: Georgia State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Florida KV | Judge: Fitzmeier Debt ceiling battle is coming now – resolution of Syria cleared the agenda Bohan 9/11 Caren, “Delay in Syria vote frees Obama to shift to hefty domestic agenda”, http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/?fa=52932 (Reuters) - Putting off a decision on military strikes on Syria allows President AND Obama has said he has no intention of negotiating over the borrowing limit.
Negotiating power is finite – plan trades off with domestic economic priorities. Moore 9/10 Heidi, Guardianand#39;s US finance and economics editor, “Syria: the great distraction; Obama is focused on a conflict abroad, but the fight he should be gearing up for is with Congress on Americaand#39;s economic security,” http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/10/obama-syria-what-about-sequester
Political capital – the ability to horse-trade and win political favors from a AND on the domestic tasks it wants to accomplish, one at a time.
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall, some serious financial decisions will AND free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.
Economic collapse causes global nuclear war. Merlini, Senior Fellow – Brookings, 11 Cesare Merlini, nonresident senior fellow at the Center on the United States AND World?and#39;, Survival, 53:2, 117 – 130 Two neatly opposed scenarios for the future of the world order illustrate the range of AND theocratic absolutes, competing or converging with secular absolutes such as unbridled nationalism.
10/8/13
Nuclear Terrorism DA Drone Court
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan Batra-Jacome | Judge: Hardy Judicial review makes it impossible to target terrorists Vladeck 13 Steve Vladeck is a professor of law and the associate dean for scholarship at American University Washington College of Law, 2/10/13, “Why a “Drone Court” Won’t Work–But (Nominal) Damages Might…”, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/why-a-drone-court-wont-work/jchen This ties together with the related point of just how difficult it would be to AND imagine that it would produce wise, just, or remotely reliable decisions. That’s why, even though I disagree with the DOJ white paper that ex ante review would present a nonjusticiable political question, I actually agree that courts are ill-suited to hear such cases–not because, as the white paper suggests, they lack the power to do so, but because, in most such cases, they would lack the competence to do so.
Disruption and denial key to solve nuclear terror Montgomery 09 – (2009, Evan Braden, Research Fellow, has published on a range of issues, including alliance politics, nuclear terrorism, military doctrine, and political revolutions, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, MA in Foreign Affairs, PhD Candidate at UVA, “Nuclear Terrorism: Assessing the Threat, Developing a Response,” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA506768) The second major implication addresses the demand side of the threat. Speci?cally, a AND conduct a catastrophic attack at some point in the future has correspondingly increased.
Nuclear terror causes accidental US-Russia nuclear war. Barrett et al. 2013 – (6/28, Anthony, PhD, Engineering and Public Policy from Carnegie Mellon University, Director of Research, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, Fellow in the RAND Stanton Nuclear Security Fellows Program, Seth Baum, PhD, Geography, Pennsylvania State University, Executive Director, GCRI, Research Scientist at the Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, former Visiting Scholar position at the Center for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University, and Kelly Hostetler, Research Assistant, GCRI, “Analyzing and Reducing the Risks of Inadvertent Nuclear War Between the United States and Russia,” Science and Global Security 21(2): 106-133, pre-print, available online) War involving significant fractions of the AND misinterpret events as attacks.16
10/6/13
Resolve DA
Tournament: Georgia State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Florida KV | Judge: Fitzmeier Congressional restrictions cause adversaries to doubt the resolve of U.S. deterrence – causes crisis escalation. Waxman 8/25 Matthew Waxman 8/25/13, Professor of Law – Columbia and Adjunct Senior Fellow for Law and Foreign Policy – CFR, “The Constitutional Power to Threaten War,” Forthcoming in Yale Law Journal, vol. 123, August 25, 2013, SSRN A claim previously advanced from a presidentialist perspective is that stronger legislative checks on war AND to use force in order to prevent a confrontation which might escalate.179
Credible conventional deterrence checks nuclear aggression Gerson 09 MICHAEL S. GERSON, research analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses, Policy Fellow with the ONE Campaign, a visiting fellow with the Center for Public Justice, and a former senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations,“Conventional Deterrence in the Second Nuclear Age”, Strategic Studies Institute, Autumn 2009 jchen Although implicit or explicit nuclear threats may lack credibili- ty against non-WMD regimes, many potential adversaries believe that the United States will use conventional firepower, especially because America has conventional superiority and a demonstrated willingness to use it. Consequently, when dealing with non-WMD-related threats, conventional deterrence will be the most likely mechanism for deterring hostile actions. According to Admiral Michael Mullen, the current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, “A big part of credibility, of course, lies in our convention- al capability. The capability to project power globally and conduct effective theater-level operations . . . remains essential to deterrence effectiveness.”14 Conventional deterrence also plays an important role in preventing nonnuclear aggression by nuclear-armed AND and perhaps coali- tion partners) would choose not to get involved. In this context, conventional deterrence can be an important mech- anism to limit AND regimes from believing that nuclear possession provides opportunities for conventional aggression and coercion.
Foreign policy resolve’s key to prevent a host of impacts-~--now’s key Chapin and Hanson 9 – Bernard Chapin- interviewer, and Victor Davis Hanson, the Martin and Illie Anderson senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, December 7, 2009, “Change, weakness, disaster,” online: http://pajamasmedia.com/blog/change-weakness-disaster-obama-answers-from-victor-davis-hanson/ BC: Are we currently sending a message of weakness to our foes and allies AND tiger and now no one quite knows whom it will bite or when.
10/8/13
Security K - Kentucky
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harvard Kim-Seaton | Judge: Revelins Fears of cyberwar are threat inflation – causes us to create imaginary enemies Severs 13 Henry holds 1st (Hons) in Criminology and Social Policy from the University of Sheffield, further awarded the Vaughan Bevan Prize by the Faculty of Law. Currently a postgraduate of War Studies at Kingand#39;s College London, reading Terrorism, Security, and Society as a Stapley Trust Scholar. Primary focus includes; domestic counter-terrorism and security policy, geopolitical risk, and cyber-security. He acts as Development Manager for The Risky Shift. Explore his personal portfolio or follow Henry on Twitter. The Cyber-Industrial-Complex MARCH 26, 2013 http://theriskyshift.com/2013/03/the-cyber-industrial-complex-2/#ixzz2bRZiyoUK The drumbeat of “cyber-doom”66 scenarios, AND redolent of Iraq WMD threat inflation88.
The logic of security desires to manage an inherently chaotic world. Disorder and the unknown are identified as evil, producing hostility and conflict. Securing ourselves against ambiguity comes at the cost of all that makes life worthwhile Der Derian 98 (James, Professor of International Studies at the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University “The Value of Security: Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche, and Baudrillard”, On Security, CIAO) The will to power, then, should AND the calculation of risks and benefits.
The alternative is to do nothing – this is a policy of resistance that changes the very concept of policymaking. Security Logic is a form of future prediction that always fails. This orientation prescripts a violent engagement with others. Mcquillan 08 (Martin Mcquillan, Professor of Literary Theory and Cultural Analysis and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Kingston University, London, Derrida and Policy: Is Deconstruction Really a Social Science? Derrida Today) One might think that Derridaand#39;s invocation of International Law in his later writings would represent AND of the unconditional rather than the sovereign.
10/8/13
T - Restriction v Wayne State NW
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wayne State Wirth-Nagel | Judge: Bender A. Topic requires statutory or judicial restrictions
Statutory is limits by legislation Black's Law 6 Black's Law Dictionary Free Online Legal Dictionary 2nd Ed. 2006 http://thelawdictionary.org/statutory-restriction/ What is STATUTORY RESTRICTION? Limits or controls that have been place on activities by its ruling legislation.
Judicial is by court or judge Dean's Law Dictionary 12 http://www.lawdictionaryonline.com/home_search.php Judicial: adj. Of, relating to, or by the court or a judge. Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge; practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice; sanctioned or ordered by a court; as, judicial power; judicial proceedings; a judicial sale. Fitted or apt for judging or de.... Restriction is a something that restrains Merriam Webster 13 Merriam- Webster 2013 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/restriction re•stric•tion noun \ri-?strik-sh?n\ Definition of RESTRICTION 1 : something that restricts: as a : a regulation that restricts or restrains restrictions for hunters b : a limitation on the use or enjoyment of property or a facility 2: an act of restricting : the condition of being restricted
B. Violation: They don’t meet either of the definitions C. Vote neg
Limits – there are an infinite number of possible actors that can demand a decrease in presidential powers – only legal statutes and judicial restrictions limit the topic 2. Ground – generics are based off of the mechanism – avoids the practical issues of implementation
3. Extra t – they claim advantages based off of the discourse of the 1ac. This makes the aff a moving target and skews neg preparation.
10/15/13
XO CP
Tournament: Georgia State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Florida KV | Judge: Fitzmeier 1NC EO CP Text: The President of the United States should issue an executive order requiring that offensive cyber operations be funded, conducted, and directed in a manner consistent with Title 50 United States Code § 413b. XO incorporation of covert action regime solves – THEIR SOLVENCY AUTHOR Brecher 13 Aaron Brecher, JD candidate at the UMich Law School, May 2013, “Toward a Domestic Legal Framework for ¶ Offensive Cyberoperations,“ http://www.michiganlawreview.org/assets/pdfs/111/3/Brecher.pdf Cyberattacks present a challenge for U.S. policymakers: they are difficult to AND of ¶ cyberoperations before passing detailed statutes that may result in unintended consequences.
10/8/13
Yemen Terrorism DA
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kansas Birzer-Campbell | Judge: Struth Releasing detainees causes more terrorism and undermines Yemen stability McConnell 9 Mitch, Senate Minority Leader; “Don’t Close It” Washington Post; March 15, 2009; http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-03-15/opinions/36843891_1_detainees-guantanamo-bay-dangerous-terrorists According to Pentagon reports, detainees who have been released from Guantanamo appear to be AND has shown little ability to control even the most dangerous terrorists we release.
Yemen instability causes WMD terror, Iran-Israel war, and Iran-Saudi war. Berger et al 2012 (May, Lars Berger, Lecturer in politics and contemporary history of the middle east at the university of salford/Manchester, Maurice Doring, MA in political science, international law and philosophy from the University of Bonn, Sven-Eric Fikenscher, research fellow at Geothe University, Ahmed Salf, Exeutive Director of the Sheba Center for Strategic Studies, Ahmed Al-Wahishi, Executive Secretary of the Yemeni International Affairs Center, “Yemen and the Middle East Conference The Challenge of Failing States and Transnational Terrorism”, http://usir.salford.ac.uk/22952/1/Yemen_and_the_Middle_East_Conference.pdf) While in a geographical and political sense Yemen is far from being a central AND which the region’s state actors might contemplate as part of the envisioned MEC.
9/28/13
Yemen Terrorism DA Drones
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 6 | Opponent: Trinity Rothenbaum-Yorko | Judge: Matheson Drones in Yemen now – key to prevent AQAP resurgence and Yemen government collapse Terrill 13 W. Andrew Terrill, Strategic Studies Institute, SSI’s Middle East specialist, served as a Middle East nonproliferation analyst for the Inter- national Assessments Division of the Lawrence Liver- more National Laboratory, PhD in international relations from Claremont, “The Struggle for Yemen and the Challenge of Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula”, June 2013 jchen In his February 2012 inauguration speech, Hadi called for, “the continuation of AND military’s structure and eliminate the warlord-style leadership of some Yemeni commanders.
The aff opposes the President’s military drone strikes
Impact is WMD terror, Iran-Israel war, and Iran-Saudi war. Berger et al 2012 (May, Lars Berger, Lecturer in politics and contemporary history of the middle east at the university of salford/Manchester, Maurice Doring, MA in political science, international law and philosophy from the University of Bonn, Sven-Eric Fikenscher, research fellow at Geothe University, Ahmed Salf, Exeutive Director of the Sheba Center for Strategic Studies, Ahmed Al-Wahishi, Executive Secretary of the Yemeni International Affairs Center, “Yemen and the Middle East Conference The Challenge of Failing States and Transnational Terrorism”, http://usir.salford.ac.uk/22952/1/Yemen_and_the_Middle_East_Conference.pdf) While in a geographical and political sense Yemen is far from being a central AND which the region’s state actors might contemplate as part of the envisioned MEC. Iran-Saudi war goes nuclear. Jain, visiting fellow at The Washington Institute, 11 Ash, served as a member of the State Department’s Policy Planning Staff from 2004 to 2010, Nuclear Weapons and Iran’s Global Ambitions, Washington Institute, Policy Focus 114, August, 2011, As it looks for plausibly deniable ways to intimidate and subvert Gulf monarchies, an AND point—though this could be complicated in the face of a nuclear Iran