Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na

Advantage 1: US Strikes

US is committed to attacking Iran now.

Greenwald, 12 (Glen, former Constitutional and civil rights litigator and is the author of three New York Times Bestselling books: two on the Bush administration’s executive power and foreign policy abuses, and his latest book, With Liberty and Justice for Some, an indictment of America’s. Obama, Iran and preventive war. http://www.salon.com/2012/03/05/obama_iran_and_preventive_war/)
President Obama yesterday joined virtually every U.S. political leader in both parties
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to President Obama’s threats from either party to see how true that is.

Iran strikes causes nuclear war.

Chossudovsky  5  Michel Chossudovsky, Centre for Research on Globalisation    1 May 2005   Planned US-Israeli Attack on Iran
http://globalresearch.ca/articles/CHO505A.html

The Bush Administration has embarked upon a military adventure which threatens the future of humanity
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active role if Iran were to retaliate following US-Israeli air strikes.  

Advantage 2: Proxy Wars

The moderate Iranian president Rouhani just took office but his failure to win concessions from the west will cause the ascension of extremists.

Pesaran, 9/17 (Hashem Pesaran is the John Elliot Distinguished Chair in Economics at the University of Southern California. Iran sanctions: now is the time to negotiate. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/17/world-powers-negotiate-nuclear-iran)
The only way to stop this vicious cycle is for both sides to negotiate in
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key to the resolution of political and military troubles around the Middle East.

====Renouncing threats of violence is a concession to Iran that would empower moderates and prevent regional aggression.====
Mousavian ’13, Hossein Mousavian, Winter 2013, The Washington Quarterly, "An Opportunity for a U.S.-Iran Paradigm Shift," http://csisdev.forumone.com/files/publication/TWQ_13Winter_Mousavian.pdf, p. 138-139
Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney told CNN in August that Iran  potentially poses the greatest
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Iranian support in fighting al-/Qaeda and the Taliban in 2001.31

Hardline resurgence causes proxy wars

Keynoush 12, Banafsheh, independent scholar lecturer and private-sector consultant, she specializes in Iranian and Middle Eastern affairs, she was an accredited interpreter with the European Commission and worked as an interpreter with three Iranian Presidents and a Nobel Laureate; "Iran after Ahmadinejad", Survival, Vol 54, No 3
Iran’s odd combination of theocracy and elected institutions has ¶ produced generally cautious and pragmatic
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States and Iran, least of all ¶ that of Iran’s nuclear program.

Independent of Rowhani’s administration, providing security assurances solves proxy wars.

Leverett and Leverett 09 (Flynt Leverett, senior fellow and director of the New America Foundation’s Geopolitics of Energy Initiative, served as senior director for Middle East affairs at the National Security Council. Hillary Mann Leverett, CEO of STRATEGA, a political risk consultancy, is a former Foreign Service officer who served as director for Iran, Afghanistan, and Persian Gulf affairs at the National Security Council. The Grand Bargain. http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2008/0808.leverett.html)
First, while the United States and the Soviet Union were roughly matched in their
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would be able to sustain détente with Iran as it pursues such policies.

Iran maintains its proxies to deter an American strike.

Frankel, 12 (Rafael D. Frankel was a Middle East correspondent for The Christian Science Monitor¶ and is currently a Ph.D. candidate at Georgetown University. Keeping Hamas and¶ Hezbollah Out of a War¶ with Iran. http://csis.org/files/publication/twq12FallFrankel.pdf)
One crucial element that the Obama or Romney and Netanyahu¶ administrations must consider is
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Hezbollah to war, its cadres are¶ religiously bound to obey that directive

Proxy wars escalate to nuclear

Edelman 11   Edelman, Krepinevich, a

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Baylor Bacon-Boor | Judge: Osborn
For years the president has used his war powers authority to exclude women from ground forces introduced into hostilities.
Urias. 4   ARNULFO URIAS, J.D. Candidate, University of Southern California Law School, 2005;
Southern California Review of Law and Women's Studies   Fall, 2004   14 S. Cal. Rev. L. and Women's Stud. 83
NOTE: THE POLITICS OF BIOLOGY: EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND THE EXCLUSION OF WOMEN FROM COMBAT *
*89  In 1993, Congress passed the 1994 Defense Authorization Act (DAA
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front-line combat, remains a relatively bright-line rule. n53

Although the DOD formally repealed the combat exclusion, the maintenance of physical requirements means that women will continue to be excluded from those forces introduced into hostilities.
Peralta 13    EYDER PERALTA, NPR  January 23, 2013  Panetta Is Lifting Ban On Women In Combat Roles
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/01/23/170093351/panetta-is-lifting-ban-on-women-in-combat-roles
Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta has decided to lift a ban that prohibited women from
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the change to result in women being allowed to serve as infantry troops."

A new report to congress confirmed that very few women will be able to meet the current standards.
Washington Times, 13 (Few women will qualify for land combat: report. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/feb/24/report-few-women-will-qualify-for-land-combat-loop/?page=all)
A new report to Congress predicts that relatively few women will be able to perform
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, citing the 1993 Gender-Neutral Occupational Performance Standards as the guide.
Plan: The United States federal government should preclude the president from excluding women from forces introduced into hostilities.
The military will rely on physical requirements that presume a masculine military and subordinate women to continue the exclusion of women from combat roles.
Goodell 10   Maia Goodell, partner at Vladeck, Waldman, Elias and Engelhard, she was a Surface Warfare Officer in the U.S. Navy, serving on the USS Abraham Lincoln and USS Port Royal. She is a member of the Committee on Military Affairs and Justice of the New York City Bar. Seattle University Law Review   Fall, 2010   34 Seattle Univ. L. R. 17   ARTICLE: Physical-Strength Rationales for De Jure Exclusion of Women from Military Combat Positions
Task definition is the clearest indicator that all of the thinking behind physical-strength
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of who they are":  n223 The prohibition on women serving in combat.
Isolated physical requirements are not a good measure of actual ability – emphasizing those measures is biased
Goodell 10   Maia Goodell, partner at Vladeck, Waldman, Elias and Engelhard, she was a Surface Warfare Officer in the U.S. Navy, serving on the USS Abraham Lincoln and USS Port Royal. She is a member of the Committee on Military Affairs and Justice of the New York City Bar. Seattle University Law Review   Fall, 2010   34 Seattle Univ. L. R. 17   ARTICLE: Physical-Strength Rationales for De Jure Exclusion of Women from Military Combat Positions
Indeed, real life examples show that, despite the lower scores on isolated tasks
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the measures, not the job requirements, that leads to the dramatic gap
Exclusion of women constructs female subordination
Vojdik 5   Valorie K. Vojdik , Associate Professor of Law, West Virginia University College of Law.  Alabama Law Review    Winter, 2005    57 Ala. L. Rev. 303   ARTICLE: Beyond Stereotyping in Equal Protection Doctrine: Reframing the Exclusion of Women from Combat
 By moving beyond stereotyping, the argument against judicial deference to the military's discriminatory
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of the most powerful institutions that continue to deny women equal citizenship status.

The full integration of women in the military prevents sexual assault – it is the only way to solve the cause of the problem
Haring, 13 (Army Col. Ellen Haring is on the staff of the Army War College. To stop sexual assault against women in the US military, add more women. http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2013/0624/To-stop-sexual-assault-against-women-in-the-US-military-add-more-women)
Last week, the US military services announced their plans to integrate women in combat
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military culture change to one in which all servicemembers are valued team players.

Women in Combat challenges gender stereotypes used to keep women subordinate
Vojdoik 5   Valorie K. Vojdik , Associate Professor of Law, West Virginia University College of Law.  Alabama Law Review    Winter, 2005    57 Ala. L. Rev. 303   ARTICLE: Beyond Stereotyping in Equal Protection Doctrine: Reframing the Exclusion of Women from Combat
Litigation strategies that illuminate the particular practices within social institutions that subordinate women are well
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of a system of subordination that reflects hostility toward treating women as equals.

Plan key to women promotion in the military
Reed, 99 (Brian J. Gender Integrated Basic Training: A Theoretical Analysis of the Continuing Debate. . Minerva 17.2  (Jun 30, 1999): 18. )
The history of women in the military shows their participation to be both limited and
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women to maneuver (in particular, infantry and armor) brigade headquarters. 

The positions women hold in the military affects the perception of their role in broader society – only ending combat exclusion solves
Reed, 99 (Brian J. Gender Integrated Basic Training: A Theoretical Analysis of the Continuing Debate. . Minerva 17.2  (Jun 30, 1999): 18. )
In the military, social definition pertains to the structural ways in women are permitted
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also because it is seen as a challenge or reinforcement to existing beliefs. 

Failure to engage gender discrimination ensures a terminally dysfunctional social order.  The end result is extinction
Warren and Cady, 96
(Karen Warren and Duane Cady, Professors at Macalester and Hamline, Bringing peace home: feminism, violence, and nature, 1996, p. 12-13)
Operationalized, the evidence of patriarchy as a dysfunctional system is found in the behaviors
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-nature-peace connections in regional, national, and global contexts.
The plan challenges patriarchy at its most fundamental level.
Skaine,94 (Rosemarie, Activist, Author. Gender Issues of Americans in Combat.  140-141)
Family roles remain at the heart of the controversy over whether women should serve in
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were among  the ‘collateral damage’ of the precision bombing and Iraqi occupation.”  
Including more women in combat independently transforms the international system.
Statchowistch, 12 (Saskia, Prof@ University of Bristol,Military gender integration and foreign policy in the United States: A feminist international relations perspective   Security Dialogue August 2012 vol. 43 no. 4 305-321.)
This analysis highlights the multiple ways in which military gender issues and foreign policy interact
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gender regimes can be conducted beyond the study period and the US case.

Statutory action is key to shift the military culture and allow individuals to collect damages
Stoddard 97  Thomas B. Stoddard, attorney and adjunct professor at the New York University School of Law
New York University Law Review   November, 1997   72 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 967  ESSAY: BLEEDING HEART: REFLECTIONS ON USING THE LAW TO MAKE SOCIAL CHANGE
D. Enforcing Change
The fourth prerequisite for legal change that
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of course, but it greatly enhances the likelihood.

Don’t evaluate high magnitude low probability impacts – a low probability means no probability.
Rescher 83
Rescher. Prof of Philosophy @ Pitt, 1983, Nicholas, Risk, pg. 36-37
In real-life deliberations, in the law (especially in the context of
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about, as meriting being set at zero, as being literally negligible. 

Attempts at purely objective calculus justifies atrocity.
Michael WILLIAMS Int’l Politics @ Aberystwyth ‘5 The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations p. 172-173
If viewed simply as the consideration of likely outcomes, an ethic of consequences is
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rejected in instrumental reason, would have little resonance in the Realist tradition.  

Conceptualizing of war as only state level conflict ignores everyday violence
Ray, 97 (Law Clerk to the Honorable Clyde H. Hamilton, United States Court of Appeals for the  Fourth Circuit. THE SHAME OF IT: GENDER-BASED  TERRORISM IN THE FORMER  YUGOSLAVIA AND THE FAILURE OF  INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW  TO COMPREHEND THE INJURIES. http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1380andcontext=aulr)
The international community must recognize that violence against  women is always political, regardless of
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human rights law is no accident, but rather part of a system politically

The plan is not an embrace of status quo American militarism – we can criticize military policy without endorsing militarism. Also, the military is inevitable – it’s a question of how we engage it that matters
Decew, 95 (Judith Wagner DeCew is Professor of Philosophy and Department Chair at Clark University, where she is also former Associate Dean of the College. The Combat Exclusion and the Role of Women in the Military. Special Issue: Feminist Ethics and Social Policy, Part 1  Volume 10, Issue 1, pages 56–73, February 1995)
Feminists may believe that a right to serve in combat in the military exists but
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liberal feminist approach, it is, I believe, a compelling one.

We must engage the political process. It’s vital to the success of any feminist struggle and any alternative is totalitarian.
Dietz, 87 Mary, Professor of Political Science at Northwestern University , Context is All: Feminism and Theories of Citizenship, Daedalus, Vol. 116, No. 4, Learning about Women: Gender, Politics, and Power, Fall, 1987
My   basic   point   is   a   straightforward   one:   for   a   vision   of   citizenship,   feminists   
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government.   What   I   am   pressing   for,   in   both   theory   and   practice, 

Political action is key to feminist actualization – discourse and epistemology are insufficient
Linda Zerilli, professor of political science @ University of Chicago, 2008, Judith Butler’s Precarious Politics, ed. Terrell Carver and Samuel A. Chambers, p.43-44.
Castoriadis’s account of radical imagination and Wittgenstein’s critique of rule-following are valuable resources
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alter, that is, the relationship of the necessary and the contingent.
This alteration neither involves nor requires attaining an external standpoint from which everything might seem
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, which has the potential power to change every political, worldly constellation.
As important as it is to dismantle the political pretensions of epistemology that have a
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such, but with doing – with world-building, beginning anew.