Tournament: JMU | Round: 1 | Opponent: JCU | Judge: Mabrey
FW
_ The case is a disad to the framework position – their demand that we play a certain way is an effort to silence challengers of current policy

Giroux, 04 Henry A., “War on Terror The Militarising of Public Space and Culture in the United States,” Third Text, http://www.henryagiroux.com/online_articles/Third20Text202004-war20on20terror.pdf

The demise of democracy fuelled by the spread of militarisation is also¶ revealed in
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leadership of this country¶ has strayed from any real semblance of democracy.

_ And we meet because the resolution is a call for an assessment of the Prez – the demand to call for a RESTRCTION on the AUTHORITY of the president is fundamentally a different type of question – if it wasn’t the resolution would have simply asked for a reduction in, or restriction on, targeted killing and so forth 

_ We solve your framework impact arguments – we control the direction of the link

Giroux, 04 Henry A., “War on Terror The Militarising of Public Space and Culture in the United States,” Third Text, http://www.henryagiroux.com/online_articles/Third20Text202004-war20on20terror.pdf

As militarisation spreads its influence both at home and abroad, a¶ culture of
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a particular¶ ideology and cultural politics that militarisation has to be opposed.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 1 | Opponent: JCU | Judge: Mabrey
Our entire 1AC was a K of this kind of view point- We read ev that said how the Prez CAN’T do all of that, plus how Cong isn’t the time suck they make it out to be.

_ House and Senate on different tracks – proves no deal and no ripeness for the scenario

USA Today 10-11-13 Susan Davis and David Jackson, House, Senate on separate tracks in shutdown talks, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/11/obama-senate-republicans-government-shutdown-debt-ceiling/2965563/

House and Senate Republicans appear to be pursuing different negotiations with the White House, and it is unclear whether either proposal can win over Obama and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., who is leading congressional Democrats in the negotiations.  Democrats have resisted GOP efforts, led by House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, to engage in budget talks until the government is reopened and the debt ceiling is increased before the Oct. 17 deadline.

_ Non-unique: Egypt aid is a loss for Obama

National Journal 10-10-13 Sara Sorcher, Congress Slams Obama Team On Egypt Aid Decision, http://www.nationaljournal.com/national-security/congress-slams-obama-team-on-egypt-aid-decision-20131010

The Obama administration has unveiled the biggest shakeup of Washington's annual $1.3
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promised it would not "bow to American pressure," according to AFP.¶ 

_ Non-unique: Yellen

Reuters 10-10 Jeff Mason and Mark Felsenthal, Obama's Fed pick Yellen puts focus on jobs, stability, http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/10/10/usa-fed-obama-yellen-idINDEE9980HL20131010

Yellen's focus on efforts to boost growth has riled some Republican lawmakers who think the
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nomination before sending it to the full Senate for a final confirming vote.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 1 | Opponent: JCU | Judge: Mabrey
No link – we don’t make moralistic claims regarding rights
K alt means you vote aff – Taoism says to effortlessly go with your instincts – NOT to assume inaction– if you think our advocacy is good then vote aff
Kardash, PhD. in Clinical Psychology from the University for Humanistic Studies, Pacific College of Oriental Medicine, 98
(Ted, Taoism - The Wu-Wei Principle, Part 4, http://www.jadedragon.com/archives/june98/tao.html)

The principle of wu-wei contains certain implications. Foremost among these is the
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have promoted harmony and balance, either environmentally or on an individual level.

Perm: Do Both

Perm solves – no reason why action and acceptance of the criticism are mutually exclusive

Turn- the negative team desires a world without suffering through recurring human genocide.
Kacou 2k8
amien, “why even mind?: on the a priori value of “life””, Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, Vol 4, No 1-2 (2008), MAD.

What could be a sufficient representation of something we value, for our purposes?
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use the concept of pleasure as a sufficient representation of something we value.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 6 | Opponent: James Madison Montiero-Yim | Judge: Turnage
Yemen advantage
Yemen has become the new epicenter of drone warfare- drone are causing backlash and there is no fear factor
Ackerman from August (Spencer Ackerman, “Barrage of drone strikes in Yemen show flaws of US counter-terrorism strategy”, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/yemen-drone-strikes-us-policy, August 12, 2013)

If the barrage of US drone strikes over the last week weakened al-Qaida's
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recent actions, the US has become al-Qaida's public relations officer."

Signature strikes kill Yemen stability
Rohde ’12 (David Rohde, “How Obama’s drone war is backfiring”, http://blogs.reuters.com/david-rohde/2012/03/01/how-obamas-drone-war-is-backfiring/, March/April issue of Foreign Policy, March 1, 2012)

When Barack Obama took the oath of office three years ago, no one associated
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he asked me. “I don’t think we’ve answered that question yet.”
 

1) Limiting strikes key to effectiveness AND the plan increases the local people’s credibility
Johnsen ‘13 (Gregory D. Johnsen, former Fulbright Fellow in Yemen, Ph.D. candidate in Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University, co-founder of Waq al-Waq: Islam and Insurgency in Yemen Blog, was a member of the USAID's conflict assessment team for Yemen, “How to Beat Al-Qaeda in Yemen,” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-15/how-to-beat-al-qaeda-in-yemen.html, August 15, 2013)

Drone strikes can be an effective weapon. And the administration’s reluctance to put boots
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Qaeda, with the U.S. allying with its Yemeni partners.
 

2) Increases Yemeni government --- they want us to pull back
Shiban ‘13 (Baraa Shiban is a member of the Yemeni National Dialogue Conference and Reprieve's project coordinator in Yemen, “Drone strikes in Yemen are an obstacle to democracy,” http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/09/2013918595250580.html, September 2, 2013)

One year ago last week, two Yemeni civilians were killed by a US drone
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and Yemen respect this fact, they will find their goals rejected too.

3) Signature strikes collapse counter-terror in Yemen – civilian casualties cause blowback, devastates cred, and jacks host-state legitimacy
Greenfield 8/19 - deputy director of the Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East at the Atlantic Council, where she leads the Yemen Policy Group. Danya. “The Case Against Drone Strikes on People Who Only 'Act' Like Terrorists” August 19, 2013. http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/08/the-case-against-drone-strikes-on-people-who-only-act-like-terrorists/278744/
As Mark Bowden discusses in this month's Atlantic cover story, there is great debate
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that strengthens the very groups the U.S. seeks to destroy.

AQAP will attack India
Roychowdhury ‘11 (Gen. Shankar Roychowdhury is a former Chief of Army Staff and a former member of Parliament, “India needs a 360° terror appraisal”, Deccan Chronicle, http://www.deccanchronicle.com/editorial/dc-comment/india-needs-360C2B0-terror-appraisal-659, September 6, 2011)

In this context, Al Qaeda and its emerging connections in Yemen have become very
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take due note of other threats as well and exercise the requisite caution. 

Terrorist attack on India causes Indo-Pak war- escalates
Zarate ’11 (Juan C. Zarate,  “An alarming South Asia powder keg”, Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021805662.html, February 20, 2011)

In 1914, a terrorist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo - unleashing geopolitical forces
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for broader geopolitical crises may be the greatest threat we face from terrorism.
 

Instability spills over to the entire Horn of Africa
Ginny Hill, “Yemen: Fear of Failure; Middle East and North Africa Programme”, Chatham House, January 2010, http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/22924953ECE8BBF1492576EA000E8E41-Full_Report.pdf

Future instability in Yemen could expand a lawless zone stretching from northern Kenya, through
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endanger the security of countries throughout the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa 

Causes major power wars
Glick ‘7 (Dec. 10, 2007 Caroline Glick , THE JERUSALEM POST)

The Horn of Africa is a dangerous and strategically vital place. Small wars,
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Chinese-run oil installation in April killing nine Chinese and 65 Ethiopians. 

Instability in Gulf of Aden collapses global trade lanes
Yuriditsky ’11 (Associate of the Institute for Gulf Affairs (Lev, “Yemen's Chaos - August 2011,” http://yuriditsky.blogspot.com/2011/09/yemens-chaos-august-2011.html, August 28, 2011)

Towards the end of July, the leader of AQAP, Nasir al Wuhayshi,
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world) with Al Shabaab’s reach can make for a particularly challenging situation.

The impact is global nuclear war
Panzner ‘8 (Michael, faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse”, Revised and Updated Edition, p. 136-138, googlebooks)

Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United
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between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war. 

Backlash to drone strikes is undermining international credibility and makes drone strikes ineffective
Zenko ’13 (Micah Zenko, Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action (CPA) at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), Previously, he worked for five years at the Harvard Kennedy School and in Washington, DC, at the Brookings Institution, Congressional Research Service, and State Department’s Office of Policy Planning, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January, Council Special Report No. 65, Online, 2013)

In his Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech, President Obama declared:  “Where force
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more likely to use lethal force against the United States  and its allies.

US-EU relations are key to hegemony
Gordon ‘3 (Philip H. Gordon, Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies and Director of the Center on the United States and France at the Brookings Institution, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2003)

Some, of course, would argue that it does not matter whether the Germanys
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lend political support, and out to counter American interests at every turn.

US-EU relations prevent Eurasian global nuclear war
Brzezinski ‘3 (Zbigniew Brzezinski, former national security advisor to the president, “Hegemonic quicksand,” National Interest Winter, 2003)

FOR THE next several decades, the most volatile and dangerous region of the world
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as a returning colonialist bent on consolidating or regaining its special economic interests. 

Relations key to solve the environment
Vig and Faure ‘4 (Norman J. Vig and Michael G. Faure, professor of science, technology and society at Carleton College, Minnesota and professor of comparative and international environmental law at Maastricht U, the Netherlands, Green Giants? Environmental Policies of the United States and the European Union, 2004)

This book stems from our concern that the US and the EU—representing the
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will be willing or able to pursue sustainable development policies in the future.
Ecosystem collapse risks extinction
Coyne and Hoekstra ‘7 (Jerry and Hopi, *professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago AND Associate Professor in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University, New Republic, “The Greatest Dying,” 9/24, http://www.truthout.org/article/jerry-coyne-and-hopi-e-hoekstra-the-greatest-dying, September 24, 2007)

But it isn't just the destruction of the rainforests that should trouble us. Healthy
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just another Great Dying, but perhaps the greatest dying of them all.
Drone usage causes specifically allied backlash that undermines hegemony
Streeter ‘13 (Devin C, Director of Activities, Public Relations, and Recruitment at Liberty University Strategic Intelligence Society, “US Drone Policy: Tactical Success and Strategic Failure,” http://www.academia.edu/3523639/U.S._Drone_Policy_Tactical_Success_and_Strategic_Failure, April 19, 2013)

The first category of nations, while not targeted by drone strikes, is intimidated
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Europe are to be fixed, a change in drone protocol is needed.

Credibility is the vital internal link into all foreign policy objectives- military capability is irrelevant to hegemony
CSIS ’11 (Center for Studies in International Security, Joint-Research Project, Jon B. Alterman, Ernest Z. Bower, Victor D. Cha, Heather A. Conley, Stephen J. Flanagan, Bonnie S. Glaser, Michael J. Green, Andrew C. Kuchins, Haim Malka, Teresita C. Schaffer, Craig S. Cohen, “Foreign Assessments of U.S. Power Capacity and Resolve”, June 2011)

This study looks at foreign assessments of U.S. power over the next
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key countries and their views and expectations of U.S. power.
 

Alliance backlash undermines an effective US hegemonic strategy which prevents global instability
Brooks, Ikenberry and Wohlforth ’13 (Stephen Brooks, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, John Wohlforth, Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, Foreign Affairs, Lean Forward, EBSCO, Jan/Feb 2013)

Of course, even if it is true that the costs of deep engagement fall
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inclined to support the existing system is because they value their military alliances.
brooks ikenberry wohlforth continued… 

Legitimacy is key to an effective international order
Finnemore ‘9 (Martha Finnemore 9, professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, “Legitimacy, Hypocrisy, and the Social Structure of Unipolarity: Why Being a Unipole Isn’t All It’s Cracked Up to Be,” World Politics, Volume 61, Number 1, 2009)

Legitimacy is, by its nature, a social and relational phenomenon. One’s position
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an expensive system to run and few unipoles have tried to do so.

Plan Text - Congress
Text: The United States Congress should restrict the use of signature strikes by the President of the United States.

Solvency
Plan solves credibility and U.S. drone effectiveness
Zenko ’13 Micah, Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action (CPA) at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). Previously, he worked for five years at the Harvard Kennedy School and in Washington, DC, at the Brookings Institution, Congressional Research Service, and State Department’s Office of Policy Planning, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January, Council Special Report No. 65, online

In his Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech, President Obama declared:  “Where force
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more likely to use lethal force against the United States  and its allies.

All relevant officials will comply with the plan
Goldsmith ’12 Jack Goldsmith is a Harvard Law professor and a member of the Hoover Task Force on National Security and Law. He served in the Bush administration as assistant attorney general in charge of the Office of Legal Counsel, “Fire When Ready,” 3-19-12, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/03/19/fire_when_ready?page=full, March 19, 2012
 
When the Obama administration made the decision to kill Awlaki, it did not rely
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inclination to do so, and it appears to support the current arrangement.

Obama will comply --- the plan walks the fine-line --- failure to walk the constitution is worse
BARRON 2008 - Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center (David J. Barron, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis)

In addition to offering important guidance concerning the congressional role, our historical review also
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even purported to regulate troop deployments and the actions of troops already deployed.
Even since claims of preclusive power emerged in full, the practice within the executive
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almost no actual defiance of statutory limitations predicated on such a constitutional theory.
This repeated, though not unbroken, deferential executive branch stance is not, we
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, the Constitution compels the Commander in Chief to comply with legislative restrictions.
In this way, the founding legal charter itself exhorts the President to justify controversial
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the executive branch itself for most of our history of war powers development.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 1 | Opponent: JCU | Judge: Mabrey
*We are trapped inside a world of Bush redux.
Scheuerman, Professor of Political Science at Indiana University, Bloomington, ‘13 William E, Barack Obama's "war on terror", Mar 7, http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2013-03-07-scheuerman-en.html

Yet as critics on both the left and right have accurately noted, "Obama
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he has radicalized employment of one suspect controversial Bush-era antiterrorism tool.

This condition is rendered possible by our view of “president as monarch.” This propels us into a world of speed and is anti-deliberative.
Scheuerman, Professor of Political Science at Indiana University, Bloomington, ‘13 William E, Barack Obama's "war on terror", Mar 7, http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2013-03-07-scheuerman-en.html

None of the four proposed explanations captures two – at first glance conflicting – features
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fundaments of our presidential – and increasingly outdated – version of modern democracy.

This demands of speed have eroded the very conditions of possibility for liberal democracy where civic engagement is rendered obsolete
Scheuerman, professor of political science at the University of Minnesota, 01 William E., “Liberal Democracy and the Empire of Speed.” Polity, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Autumn, 2001), pp. 41-67

II. The Space and Time Horizons of Traditional Liberal Democracy Assumptions about space and
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condition: the temporal gap between past and future is eerily reduced.67

Deliberation is essential in solving all problems.
Boggs 2000 Carl Boggs, Professor of Social Sciences and Film Studies at National University, Los Angeles, 2000, The End of Politics, p. 244-245
The disintegration of political life in late-twentieth-century America poses a series
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vagaries of political power that will decisively shape the future of human societies.
The result is that we cede to the executive ever greater authority to maintain stability in face of nebulous threats
Glezos, Lecturer of Political Science at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, 11 (Simon, “The ticking bomb: Speed, liberalism and ressentiment against the future”, Contemporary Political Theory 10.2 (May 2011): 147-165. doi:10.1057/cpt.2010.6

This article uses the 'Ticking Bomb Scenario' as a starting point for a broader discussion
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the problem of what happens when things do reach such a terminal velocity.

*The need for speed obliterates freedom across the board as we never know where the threats will come from
Scheuerman, professor of political science at Minnesota, 02 William E., “Rethinking Crisis Government,” Constellations: An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory, December, ebsco

The traditional intuition that foreign threats call for free-wheeling executive¶ prerogative requires
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perilous dogma that the¶ rule of law stops at our nation’s borders.

This leads to extinction as the inevitable result of our acceptance of the accident racing towards us.
Hutchings, Professor and Department Head of International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science, 08 (Kimberly, 2008, “Apocalyptic times” in Time and world politics: thinking the present, Manchester University Press)

Virilio develops an extensive vocabulary to capture his vision of chronopolitics (2000: 109
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the events of 9/11 in these terms (2005: 74).

Vote affirmative to embrace the uncertainty of the future and remain open to the potential of deliberation instead of ceding the present for the future to the president.
Glezos 11 (Simon Glezos, Lecturer of Political Science at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, “The ticking bomb: Speed, liberalism and ressentiment against the future”, Contemporary Political Theory 10.2 (May 2011): 147-165. doi:10.1057/cpt.2010.6

Speed and Ressentiment Now that we have developed an ontology of speed, we can
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deliberation, is by no means an established fact or a foregone conclusion.

Absent an analysis of temporality, any project to resuscitate politics will fail. If it’s true that debate constellates our political subjecitivity, we must begin with the question of speed.
Scheuerman, professor of political science at Indiana-Bloomington, 09 (William E., “Citizenship and Speed” in High-Speed Society: Social Acceleration, Power, and Modernity, eds. Hartmut Rosa and William E. Scheuerman, pp. 292-296

Much of modern democratic theory could be appropriately compared to the high school civics or
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an actor—typically the executive—who promises quick and decisive action.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na

In 1996 John Yoo authored "Continuation of Politics by Other Means: The Original Understanding of the War Powers," which is the foundational text of the 9/11 Constitution.  This view of the war powers provides the president with near exclusive jurisdiction over all things war.  "War Powers" stands as proof of the impact of academic thinking on policy.

Alexander, Stanford Law Professor, 12 ~Janet Cooper, John Yoo’s War Powers: The Law Review and the World, 100 Calif. L. Rev. 331, April, lexis, access 8-24~

Surely one of the most consequential articles ever published in the California Law Review (
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, legal journals, and the use of legal scholarship in policy making.

Yoo’s view of presidential war powers relies on a flawed understanding of the Constitution. Yoo wrongly locates warmaking power with the executive: misinterprets "declare war," ignores a host of expressly authorized roles for Congress, manipulates the understanding of the president’s plenary powers, and point blank is wrong on the British model

Alexander, Stanford Law Professor, 12 ~Janet Cooper, John Yoo’s War Powers: The Law Review and the World, 100 Calif. L. Rev. 331, April, lexis, access 8-24~

Yoo contends in War Powers that - "contrary to the arguments by today’s scholars
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interpretive theories rely on policy judgments that are less subject to falsification. n146

While we could use the rest of this time to speak to the effect of the Yoo Doctrine on the war on terror and status of the constitution, this article’s rise is perhaps more notable because of what it says about the status of deliberation in the academy.  More specifically, how it speaks to the status of deliberation in this community.  The reason Yoo was able to emerge as the leader of the 9/11 constitution is because his work was insulated from criticism as a result of the academic process in which his arguments emerged.

Spitzer, Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the State University of New York at Cortland, 08 ~Robert J., The Law: Saving the Presidency from Lawyers, Presidential Studies Quarterly, June, Proquest, access 8-30~

Legal training is well suited to prepare lawyers for the study and practice of law
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different from the rules of empirical inquiry" (9 n.23).

This process might work for the courtroom but in terms of the Constitution it is anti-deliberative

Spitzer, Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the State University of New York at Cortland, 11 ~Robert J., "Still Saving the Constitution from Lawyers: A Response," Gonzaga Law Review, http://www.law.gonzaga.edu/law-review/files/2011/01/Spitzer.pdf~~

The primary argument of my book is, as the consciously provocative title and ¶
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¶ and other theorizing did not arise from the conditions I describe.8

Perry Mason scholarship undermines inquiry – bias-driven results infect policy and constitutional outcomes in the real world

Spitzer, Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the State University of New York at Cortland, 13 ~Robert, "What’s Old Is New Again: Political Science, Law, and Constitutional Meaning," PS, Political Science 26 Politics46.3 (Jul 2013): 493-497., proquest~

THE PERRY MASON SCHOLAR?¶ The purpose of legal education is to produce lawyers prepared
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, 2008b). Space limitations prohibit an exploration of these three cases here.

Status quo constitutional interpretative methods ensure the power of the conservative legal movement. Political science solves.

Spitzer, Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the State University of New York at Cortland, 13 ~Robert, "What’s Old Is New Again: Political Science, Law, and Constitutional Meaning," PS, Political Science 26 Politics46.3 (Jul 2013): 493-497., proquest~

If the last decade of presidential politics has demonstrated anything, it is that public
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neglected field. We would all do well to follow Louis Fisher’s example.

Academia key to the rise of Yoo and sustains his ideology in governance

Spit