Tournament:  | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Perm: do both

Criticism without constant opposition causes co-optation, only juxtaposition allows constant criticism.
Edelman, 87, “Constructing the Political Spectacle” Professor of Political Science @ Wisconsin September.
Opposition in expressed “opinion” accordingly make for social stability: they are almost
AND
that a consensus on common action to oust the regime is easily built.

Challenging patriarchy is a prerequisite to capitalism. They can’t win a case turn because without capitalism patriarchy would still exist. The alternative fails without first challenging patriarchy.
Von Werlhof 7 (Claudia, Professor of Women’s Studies at the University of Innsbruck, Capitalism Nature Socialism, March, InformaWorld Online)
The Left's analysis of capitalism is limited: one, because the Left exists,
AND
our point of view. We will focus on the alterna-depth instead

Their won’t be a spillover from their alternative – there’s only a risk for an aff link turn – not using the state as a starting point results in violence
Amy 2007
(Douglas J. AMY, Professor of Politics at Mount Holyoke College. "Government as the Champion of Justice, Equality, Freedom, and Security." 2007. Online.)
The most obvious manifestation of this is the criminal and civil justice system. It
AND
true justice it must be ordered by law and administered by the government.

The alternative fractures resistance – reform is key
J.K. Gibson-Graham, feminist economist, 1996, End of Capitalism
One of our goals as Marxists has been to produce a knowledge of capitalism.
AND
upon economic unification. In this vision the economy appears as the last.

Cap is inevitable:
A. Totalization of cap as the root cause of war
Gibson-Graham 96
pen name of Katherine Gibson, Senior Fellow of Human Geography at Australian National University, and Julie Graham, professor of Geography at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It), U of Minnesota Press p. 2-3
Representations of capitalism are a potent constituent of the anticapitalist imagination, providing images of
AND
familiar (not to mention familiar beings that are not what they seem).

B. Human nature
Will Miller, writer. Monthly Review, "Social Change and Human Nature." 11-30-1998. Intp://www.hartford-hwp.corn/archives/10/036.1nml
All human ties of love, affection and social unity are really manipulative appearances that
AND
Smith have assumed that all human relations are ultimately those of the marketplace.

Tournament:  | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Perm Do Both

The Perm gets shielded
Garrett and Stutz  05 Robert T., and Terrence, Dallas Morning News Staff  “Justices to decide if overhaul needed after bills fail in Legislature,” August 19, 2005, http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/texassouthwest/legislature/schoolfinance/stories/082005dntexsession.8bd31b4a.html
That could foreshadow the court's response to a chief argument by state attorneys – that
AND
must be done, which allows politicians to say their hands are tied." 

Doesn’t solve the AFF - Obama will work around the ruling and it links to politics
David A. Patten. July 6, 2010. “Supreme Court vs. Obama: The Battle Lines Are Drawn.” http://www.newsmax.com/Headline/obama-john-roberts-supreme/2010/07/06/id/363891.
President Obama appears set on a collision course with the conservative-leaning Supreme Court
AND
particularly the five Republican appointees who've steered it so hard to the right."  

Perm Do the Counterplan – we don’t advocate how the plan is done just the outcome

Counterplan gets rolled back – perceived as judicial activism which triggers court stripping
Norton 6(Helen Norton--Professor of Law at the University of Maryland, 41 Wake Forest L. Rev. 1003, “Reshaping Federal Jurisdiction,” Lexis Nexis)
Not only are these efforts increasingly successful, they are likely to reemerge in future
AND
, accompanied by proponents' sheer political power, may encourage further jurisdictional realignment.

Two reasons why courts link to politics
McDonnell, associate professor of law, 97
(Brett McDonnell, associate professor of law at the University of Minnesota., California Law Review, “Dynamic Statutory Interpretations and Sluggish Social Movements”, Vol. 85, No. 4, p. 921)
The changes may actually be partly endogenous. Court decisions may affect public opinion,
AND
their present behavior may change, leading to different predictions for the theory.

Tournament:  | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
We associate feminism, not women, with peace – the distinction is critical to problematizing essentialism and masculinity.  
Tickner 01 J. Ann, prof at the School of International Relations, USC, Gendering World Politics: Issues and Approaches in the Post–Cold War Era, p. 60-61
While this essentializing association of women with peace is problematic, it is the case
AND
phenomena that can help us envisage a more robust notion of security.

Tournament:  | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Conventional analysts in the political sphere ignore the voices of those who are silent, rendering them unable to affect the international sphere
Enloe 4(Cynthia Professor of Government at Clark University and author of The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War among other books on feminism and militarism, in The Curious Feminist, 2004)
By definition, people on the margins, those who are silenced, those perched
AND
peace. Thus conventional analysts of international affairs feel justified in ignoring them.

Their political strategy entrenches societal marginalization and recreates existing power relations – they falsely simplify the political sphere, blinding it to sources of insecurity not seen in the mainstram
Enloe 4(Cynthia Professor of Government at Clark University and author of The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War among other books on feminism and militarism, in The Curious Feminist, 2004)
There is, I think, a serious flaw in this analytical economy, and
AND
man comic strip, whereas it probably should resemble a Jackson Pollock painting.

We will win on this card alone – The very reason power relations are unequal is because Women’s calls for equality are met with ‘this is the wrong time’, this continually delays change and causes the impacts they isolate which are a product of the unequal power relations.
Enloe 93 – Professor in the Department of International Development, Community, and Environment at Clark University, Ph.D in Political Science from UC Berkeley (Cynthia Enloe, “Bananas, Beaches and Bases” p. 61-64, MT)
Nationalism has provided millions of women with a space to be international actors. To
AND
trivial to be the topic of serious state-to-state negotiation.

Tournament:  | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
C/I - Restrictions are prohibitions on authority
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf
3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include the reporting and monitoring or supervising terms and conditions that are included in the 2001 Stipulation.
Black's Law Dictionary, 'fifth edition,(1979) defines "restriction" as;  
AND
some supervision conditions, but he did not agree to restrict his license.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Emory KM | Judge: Frederick
PLAN

The United States Congress should repeal the War Powers Resolution.
OBSERVATION 1: THE STATUS SQUO
U.S. political actions are now centered on justification, rather than the prohibition of executive authorization of force within the gendered western law structure—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexis KR

Beyond the move to incorporate a conceptual shift in understanding how and when women could
AND
new ideas (birth) as the essential characteristic of the human condition.

The War Powers Resolution, specifically, is riddled with ill-conceived legislation that grants the President unchecked authority to go to war as he deems necessary—Fisher and Adler 13 Louis Fisher and David Gray Adler, “The War Powers Resolution: Time to Say Goodbye,” Political Science Quarterly, February 15, 2013, Wiley Online, p.1 KR

The War Powers Resolution (WPR) of 1973 is generally considered the high-
AND
, outright repeal would be less risky than continuing along the present path.

OBSERVATION 2: THE WAR ON WOMEN

War is used as justification for lucrative constitutional governance—which often masks conversations of war and its ties to patriarchal dominance over women—Scales 5 Scales, Ann. 2005. “Soft on Defense: The Failure to Confront Militarism” Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice, p. 369-363, EBSCO KR

War provokes at least one certain reaction from the legal academy: symposia. There
AND
surely don't make sense. We must first clock the nature of militarism.

The militarism of war is gendered at its core—the formulation of war strategies and the power of war declaration itself is a masculine act of dominance justified by securitized “realism”—Scales 5 Scales, Ann. 2005. “Soft on Defense: The Failure to Confront Militarism” Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice, p. 369-363, EBSCO KR

I hope that I have demonstrated the influence of militarism, at least in my
AND
if not always or only understood in opposition to feminine virtues.'"

Academia continues to crowd out the feminist perspective through its refusal to include gender in institutional discussions of power—this reinforces gendered militarism in policy-based decision making—Scales 5 Scales, Ann. 2005. “Soft on Defense: The Failure to Confront Militarism” Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice, p. 369-363, EBSCO KR

Legal institutions in the United States have not quite gotten a grip on the problem
AND
depressing post-Cartesian axiom: "I objectify, therefore I am."   

Executive use of force functions within the Western gendered model of force; feminist methodology challenges the foundations of force justifications that allow us to rethink the international potential of natality politics—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexis KR

In this article, I argue that an analogy exists between pre-emptive force
AND
international and thus re-imagine human potential toward a politics of natality.

Sole executive war-making puts the president in the role of the “masculine protector” that allows for the subordination of entire populations—Young 3 Iris Marion Young, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, and University of Chicago Center for Gender Studies and Human Rights. “Feminist Reactions to the Contemporary Security Regime.” Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 1, Feminist Philosophy and the Problem of Evil (Winter, 2003) Accessed September 18, 2013rm
The separation of power, due process, deliberation and public account-ability basic
AND
money to celebrations that express our love and gratitude for their protective actions.

Perceptions of war rely on a false gender-coded hierarchy that ignores the feminine in national security policies—Cohn and Ruddick 3 Carol and Sarah. “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Boston Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights. Working paper 104. Accessed December 30, 2012 RM

It is a common perception that war- making is an activity primarily engaged in
AND
experiences and insights women themselves say that they would bring to peace negotiations. 

Traditional understandings of warfare as great power conflict of nations over territory contributes to the invisibility of an ongoing systemic war against women—RAY 97
Amy E. Ray, Law Clerk at U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit and JD at Florida State, “The Shame of It: Gender-Based Terrorism in the Former Yugoslavia and the Failure of International Human Rights Law to Comprehend the Injuries,” Pg. 46, Am. U.L. Rev. 793, February 1997

The international community must recognize that violence against women is always political, regardless of
AND
laws applicable to women "in the by-ways of daily life."

Patriarchal thinking justifies environmental destruction, nuclear proliferation and culminates in extinction—WARREN AND CADY 94 Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p4-20

Operationalized, the evidence of patriarchy as a dysfunctional system is found in the behaviors
AND
women-nature-peace connections in regional, national and global contexts.

The aff is key – our focus on patriarchal violence can solve the root cause of warfare—giving priority to Flashpoints of violence creates a stop-gap which prevents engaging in productive politics
Zizek 2008 Slavoj Violence p 1-4 

If there is a unifying thesis that runs through the bric-a-brac
AND
variations on violence kept at a distance out of respect towards its victims.

The state is inevitable but our aff makes it more ethical—Simmons 99 William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, “The Third: Levinas' theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics,” Philosophy and Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6
Since ‘it is impossible to escape the State’, 70 Levinas insists that the
AND
winning it by every means – politics – is henceforth enjoined as the very

Patriarchy is only inevitable if we think it is – continuing the structure of domination ensures a biased world-view that only ends in violence—Clark 4 Mary E., PhD and professor of biological studies @ Berkeley, "RHETORIC, PATRIARCHY and WAR: EXPLAINING THE DANGERS OF "LEADERSHIP" IN MASS CULTURE", http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4005307/Rhetoric-patriarchy-war-explaining-the.html

I begin by questioning the notion that patriarchy is a "natural" or "
AND
to the annihilation of our species-is a constant, real possibility.

The judge should make an ethical decision about violence against women – this requires setting aside issues of political expediency – Patriarchy produces knowledge is such a way that you should question all of their truth claims—ENLOE 4 Professor of Women’s Studies at Clark University, 2004 Cynthia, The Curious Feminist, page 4-7
Patriarchy - patriarchy is the structural and ideological system that perpetuates the privileging of masculinity
AND
much of that privileging depends on controlling women or drawing them into complicity.

OBSERVATION 3: SOLVENCY

The WPR needs to be repealed in order to restore political balance in decision-making—Fisher and Adler 13 Louis Fisher and David Gray Adler, “The War Powers Resolution: Time to Say Goodbye,” Political Science Quarterly, February 15, 2013, Wiley Online, p. 16-17 KR

The War Powers Resolution has failed to achieve the basic purpose announced in Section 2(a): “to fulfill the intent of the framers of the Constitution of the United States and insure that the collective judgment of both the Congress andthe President will apply to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities,
AND
president: withholding funds, prohibiting specificactions, and taking other concrete measures.

Feminist expectations of international security norms demand the prohibition of Executive use of force—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexis KR

Feminist strategies for change also acknowledge the unpredictability and thus the limitations of solely legal
AND
reduction and limiting of force that coalesces with feminist expectations of international security.

A feminist lens on political function when it comes to war is key to legal progression—Warren and Cady 94 Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p. 7 KR

Conclusion: In this paper we have offered six sorts of women-peace connections
AND
. That’s what is shown when one takes feminism and peace connections seriously.

Tournament: UCO | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor MS | Judge: Joel Reed
PLAN

The United States federal government should statutorily prohibit the President's war power authority to introduce armed forces into hostilities.
OBSERVATION 1: THE WAR ON WOMEN
U.S. political actions are now centered on justification, rather than the prohibition of executive authorization of force within the gendered western law structure—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexis KR

Beyond the move to incorporate a conceptual shift in understanding how and when women could
AND
new ideas (birth) as the essential characteristic of the human condition.

War is used as justification for lucrative constitutional governance—which often masks conversations of war and its ties to patriarchal dominance over women—Scales 5 Scales, Ann. 2005. “Soft on Defense: The Failure to Confront Militarism” Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice, p. 369-363, EBSCO KR

War provokes at least one certain reaction from the legal academy: symposia. There
AND
surely don't make sense. We must first clock the nature of militarism.

The militarism of war is gendered at its core—the formulation of war strategies and the power of war declaration itself is a masculine act of dominance justified by securitized “realism”—Scales 5 Scales, Ann. 2005. “Soft on Defense: The Failure to Confront Militarism” Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice, p. 369-363, EBSCO KR

I hope that I have demonstrated the influence of militarism, at least in my
AND
if not always or only understood in opposition to feminine virtues.'"

Academia continues to crowd out the feminist perspective through its refusal to include gender in institutional discussions of power—this reinforces gendered militarism in policy-based decision making—Scales 5 Scales, Ann. 2005. “Soft on Defense: The Failure to Confront Militarism” Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice, p. 369-363, EBSCO KR

Legal institutions in the United States have not quite gotten a grip on the problem
AND
depressing post-Cartesian axiom: "I objectify, therefore I am."   

Executive use of force functions within the Western gendered model of force; feminist methodology challenges the foundations of force justifications that allow us to rethink the international potential of natality politics—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexis KR

In this article, I argue that an analogy exists between pre-emptive force
AND
international and thus re-imagine human potential toward a politics of natality.

The aff doesn’t preclude the use of force – politics of natality allows us to make better judgment of when to use force—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexisrm
The third argument contends that Western feminist approaches in the era of¶ the global
AND
communities that force is directed at and from where force is¶ directed.

Sole executive war-making puts the president in the role of the “masculine protector” that allows for the subordination of entire populations—Young 3 Iris Marion Young, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, and University of Chicago Center for Gender Studies and Human Rights. “Feminist Reactions to the Contemporary Security Regime.” Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 1, Feminist Philosophy and the Problem of Evil (Winter, 2003) Accessed September 18, 2013rm
The separation of power, due process, deliberation and public account-ability basic
AND
money to celebrations that express our love and gratitude for their protective actions.

Perceptions of war rely on a false gender-coded hierarchy that ignores the feminine in national security policies—Cohn and Ruddick 3 Carol and Sarah. “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Boston Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights. Working paper 104. Accessed December 30, 2012 RM

It is a common perception that war- making is an activity primarily engaged in
AND
experiences and insights women themselves say that they would bring to peace negotiations. 

Traditional understandings of warfare as great power conflict of nations over territory contributes to the invisibility of an ongoing systemic war against women—RAY 97
Amy E. Ray, Law Clerk at U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit and JD at Florida State, “The Shame of It: Gender-Based Terrorism in the Former Yugoslavia and the Failure of International Human Rights Law to Comprehend the Injuries,” Pg. 46, Am. U.L. Rev. 793, February 1997

The international community must recognize that violence against women is always political, regardless of
AND
laws applicable to women "in the by-ways of daily life."

Patriarchal thinking justifies environmental destruction, nuclear proliferation and culminates in extinction—WARREN AND CADY 94 Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p4-20

Operationalized, the evidence of patriarchy as a dysfunctional system is found in the behaviors
AND
women-nature-peace connections in regional, national and global contexts.

The aff is key – our focus on patriarchal violence can solve the root cause of warfare—giving priority to Flashpoints of violence creates a stop-gap which prevents engaging in productive politics—Zizek 2008
Slavoj Zizek, “Violence,” p. 1-4

If there is a unifying thesis that runs through the bric-a-brac
AND
variations on violence kept at a distance out of respect towards its victims.

The state is inevitable but our aff makes it more ethical—Simmons 99 William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, “The Third: Levinas' theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics,” Philosophy and Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6
Since ‘it is impossible to escape the State’, 70 Levinas insists that the
AND
winning it by every means – politics – is henceforth enjoined as the very

Patriarchy is only inevitable if we think it is – continuing the structure of domination ensures a biased world-view that only ends in violence—Clark 4 Mary E., PhD and professor of biological studies @ Berkeley, "RHETORIC, PATRIARCHY and WAR: EXPLAINING THE DANGERS OF "LEADERSHIP" IN MASS CULTURE", http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4005307/Rhetoric-patriarchy-war-explaining-the.html

I begin by questioning the notion that patriarchy is a "natural" or "
AND
to the annihilation of our species-is a constant, real possibility.

The judge should make an ethical decision about violence against women – this requires setting aside issues of political expediency – Patriarchy produces knowledge is such a way that you should question all of their truth claims—ENLOE 4 Professor of Women’s Studies at Clark University, 2004 Cynthia, The Curious Feminist, page 4-7
Patriarchy - patriarchy is the structural and ideological system that perpetuates the privileging of masculinity
AND
much of that privileging depends on controlling women or drawing them into complicity.

OBSERVATION 2: SOLVENCY

Feminist expectations of international security norms demand the prohibition of Executive use of force—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexis KR

Feminist strategies for change also acknowledge the unpredictability and thus the limitations of solely legal
AND
reduction and limiting of force that coalesces with feminist expectations of international security.

The politics of natality solves the creates a new framework of justice that is capable of transforming future political action—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexisrm
What does birth, creation, have to do with the international law on the
AND
continue to¶ construct the state in an image of separateness and autonomy. 

A feminist lens on political function when it comes to war is key to legal progression—Warren and Cady 94 Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p. 7 KR
Conclusion: In this paper we have offered six sorts of women-peace connections
AND
. That’s what is shown when one takes feminism and peace connections seriously.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Washburn MJ | Judge:
PLAN

The United States Congress should pass the War Powers Consultation Act.
OBSERVATION 1: THE STATUS SQUO
U.S. political actions are now centered on justification, rather than the prohibition of executive authorization of force within the gendered western law structure—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexis KR

Beyond the move to incorporate a conceptual shift in understanding how and when women could
AND
new ideas (birth) as the essential characteristic of the human condition.

The War Powers Resolution is riddled with ill-conceived legislation that grants the President unchecked authority to go to war as he deems necessary—Fisher and Adler 13 Louis Fisher and David Gray Adler, “The War Powers Resolution: Time to Say Goodbye,” Political Science Quarterly, February 15, 2013, Wiley Online, p.1 KR

The War Powers Resolution (WPR) of 1973 is generally considered the high-
AND
, outright repeal would be less risky than continuing along the present path.

OBSERVATION 2: THE WAR ON WOMEN

War is used as justification for lucrative constitutional governance—which often masks conversations of war and its ties to patriarchal dominance over women—Scales 5 Scales, Ann. 2005. “Soft on Defense: The Failure to Confront Militarism” Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice, p. 369-363, EBSCO KR

War provokes at least one certain reaction from the legal academy: symposia. There
AND
surely donand#39;t make sense. We must first clock the nature of militarism.
Executive use of force functions within the Western gendered model of force; feminist methodology challenges the foundations of force justifications that allow us to rethink the international potential of natality politics—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexis KR

In this article, I argue that an analogy exists between pre-emptive force
AND
international and thus re-imagine human potential toward a politics of natality.

The militarism of war is gendered at its core—the formulation of war strategies and the power of war declaration itself is a masculine act of dominance justified by securitized “realism”—Scales 5 Scales, Ann. 2005. “Soft on Defense: The Failure to Confront Militarism” Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice, p. 369-363, EBSCO KR

I hope that I have demonstrated the influence of militarism, at least in my
AND
depressing post-Cartesian axiom: and#34;I objectify, therefore I am.and#34;   

Perceptions of war rely on a false gender-coded hierarchy that ignores the feminine in national security policies—Cohn and Ruddick 3 Carol and Sarah. “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Boston Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights. Working paper 104. Accessed December 30, 2012 RM

It is a common perception that war- making is an activity primarily engaged in
AND
experiences and insights women themselves say that they would bring to peace negotiations. 

Perceptions of  “peace” as being “without war” ignore the decades of abuse and violence on the feminine after the violence has ended—Cohn and Ruddick 3 Carol and Sarah. “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction.” Boston Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights. Working paper 104. Accessed December 30, 2012RM

Women’s war and post-war stories underline the unboundedness of war in at least
AND
, even the most laudable treaty is only the beginning of making peace. 

Traditional understandings of warfare as great power conflict of nations over territory contributes to the invisibility of an ongoing systemic war against women—RAY 97
Amy E. Ray, Law Clerk at U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit and JD at Florida State, “The Shame of It: Gender-Based Terrorism in the Former Yugoslavia and the Failure of International Human Rights Law to Comprehend the Injuries,” Pg. 46, Am. U.L. Rev. 793, February 1997

The international community must recognize that violence against women is always political, regardless of
AND
laws applicable to women and#34;in the by-ways of daily life.and#34;

Patriarchal thinking justifies environmental destruction, nuclear proliferation and culminates in extinction—WARREN AND CADY 94 Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p4-20

Operationalized, the evidence of patriarchy as a dysfunctional system is found in the behaviors
AND
women-nature-peace connections in regional, national and global contexts.

The aff is key – our focus on patriarchal violence can solve the root cause of warfare—giving priority to Flashpoints of violence creates a stop-gap which prevents engaging in productive politics
Zizek 2008 Slavoj Violence p 1-4 

If there is a unifying thesis that runs through the bric-a-brac
AND
variations on violence kept at a distance out of respect towards its victims.

Our affirmative is not about “getting rid” of patriarchy – but an ongoing struggle towards its demise by engaging the democratic sphere – social or economic analysis can’t explain the root cause
Dietz, 87
Mary, Professor of Political Science at Northwestern University , Context is All: Feminism and Theories of Citizenship, Daedalus, Vol. 116, No. 4, Learning about Women: Gender, Politics, and Power, Fall, 1987 

My  basic  point  is a  straightforward  one:  for a vision  of  citizenship,  feminists  
AND
in both theory and practice, is a feminist revitalization of this activity.

The state is inevitable but our aff makes it more ethical
Simmons 99 William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, “The Third: Levinasand#39; theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics,” Philosophy and Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6
Since ‘it is impossible to escape the State’, 70 Levinas insists that the
AND
winning it by every means – politics – is henceforth enjoined as the very

It’s only inevitable if we think it is – continuing the structure of domination ensures a biased world-view that only ends in violence—Clark 4 Mary E., PhD and professor of biological studies @ Berkeley, and#34;RHETORIC, PATRIARCHY and WAR: EXPLAINING THE DANGERS OF and#34;LEADERSHIPand#34; IN MASS CULTUREand#34;, http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4005307/Rhetoric-patriarchy-war-explaining-the.html

I begin by questioning the notion that patriarchy is a and#34;naturaland#34; or and#34;
AND
to the annihilation of our species-is a constant, real possibility.

The judge should make an ethical decision about violence against women – this requires setting aside issues of political expediency – Patriarchy produces knowledge is such a way that you should question all of their truth claims—ENLOE 4 Professor of Women’s Studies at Clark University, 2004 Cynthia, The Curious Feminist, page 4-7
Patriarchy - patriarchy is the structural and ideological system that perpetuates the privileging of masculinity
AND
much of that privileging depends on controlling women or drawing them into complicity.

OBSERVATION 3: SOLVENCY

A feminist lens on political function when it comes to war is key to legal progression—Warren and Cady 94 Karen and Duane, Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections, Hypatia, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring, p. 7 KR

Conclusion: In this paper we have offered six sorts of women-peace connections
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. That’s what is shown when one takes feminism and peace connections seriously.

The WPR needs to be repealed in order to restore political balance in decision-making—Fisher and Adler 13 Louis Fisher and David Gray Adler, “The War Powers Resolution: Time to Say Goodbye,” Political Science Quarterly, February 15, 2013, Wiley Online, p. 16-17 KR

The War Powers Resolution has failed to achieve the basic purpose announced in Section 2(a): “to fulfill the intent of the framers of the Constitution of the United States and insure that the collective judgment of both the Congress and
the President will apply to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities,
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president: withholding funds, prohibiting specificactions, and taking other concrete measures.

Feminist expectations of international security norms demand the prohibition of Executive use of force—Heathcote 10 Gina Heathcote, Ph.D. Westminster, Senior Teaching Fellow @ Westminster School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies, “Feminist Reflections on the ‘End’ of the War on Terror” Melbourne Journal of International Law, November 2010, Lexis Nexis KR

Feminist strategies for change also acknowledge the unpredictability and thus the limitations of solely legal
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reduction and limiting of force that coalesces with feminist expectations of international security.

AND, Legislation to repeal the War Powers Resolution and replace it with the War Powers Consultation Act must happen now—Baker and Hamilton 5 James A. Baker III—former Secretary of State, and Lee H. Hamilton—former Democratic Representative from Indiana who chaired the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, “Breaking the War Powers Stalemate,” Washington Post, June 6, 2011KR
With our country engaged in three critical military conflicts, the last thing that Congress
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people want when their leaders confront the serious questions of war and peace.