Tournament: Weber RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Gonzaga | Judge: Kuswa
1AC
Democracy is under assault – the “War on Terror” precipitated a state of permanent warfare. The expansion of presidential war powers has transformed the country into a national security state.
Henry Giroux, 3/6/2012, Truthout, “the scorched-earth politics of america’s four fundamentalisms,” http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/7086:the-scorchedearth-politics-of-americas-four-fundamentalisms

The broader contours of the attack on democratic freedoms have become obvious in recent years
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most serious fundamentalisms that now constitute the new authoritarianism in the United States.
Any criticism of the national security state must begin with the role of the university – it has become a central pillar in the militarization of public life. The result is a creeping authoritarianism and a state of permanent warfare at home and aboard.
Henry Giroux, 3/6/2012, Truthout, “the scorched-earth politics of america’s four fundamentalisms,” http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/7086:the-scorchedearth-politics-of-americas-four-fundamentalisms

The fourth anti-democratic dogma that is shaping American life and one of the
AND
and do in their courses. And it is going to get worse.
The university must become a site of resistance – this calls for a new pedagogy in opposition to the culture of militarism. Left unchallenged, the forces of militarism will continue to spread a death-dealing ideology responsible for a litany of violent social antagonisms
Henry Giroux, 11/20/2008, Truthout, “against the militarized academy,” http://www.truth-out.org/archive/item/81138:against-the-militarized-academy

While there is an ongoing discussion about what shape the military-industrial complex will
AND
political, cultural and social democracy and the desire to sustain human life.

Our society has become a “lockdown state” as a result of an authoritarian politics and a militarized culture – this hastens the demise of democracy and renders dissent impossible. The state can only be reclaimed if we begin from a starting point that empowers a critical pedagogy.
Henry Giroux, 5/6/2013, Truthout, “lockdown, USA: lessons form the bosom marathon manhunt,” http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/16175-lockdown-usa-lessons-from-the-boston-marathon-manhunt

Accordingly, the rush to the lockdown mode must be understood within a wider military
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and political power held by a dangerous class of financial and wealthy elites.

Therefore, Ryan and I affirm that the President of the United States should not have the topical war power authorities.

The oppositional stance forwarded by the 1AC opens up a space for Hope – our criticism of the warfare state is a pedagogical act that nourishes and sustains a vision for a more true and democratic future
Henry Giroux, September 2013, Truthout, “Hope in a time of permanent war,” http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/18578-hope-in-a-time-of-permanent-war#_edn7

Democratic hope is a subversive, defiant practice that makes power visible and interrogates and
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which the struggle for a new democratic global social order can be constructed.   

A politics of Hope informed by a critical pedagogy is the best starting point for reclaiming the state from authoritarian forces – Hope is a subversive force that opens up the possibility to alternative futures outside of the status quo
Henry Giroux, 12/2/2013, Truthout, “hope in the age of looming authoritarianism,” http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/20307-hope-in-the-age-of-looming-authoritarianism

Collectively these emerging movements of resistance are developing an understanding of politics that demands not
AND
makes authority accountable, and becomes an activating presence in promoting social transformation.

Our critical pedagogy is the starting point for breaking down the militarized-security state
Henry Giroux, 5/2/2012, Truthout, “violence, USA: the warfare state and the brutalizing of everyday life,” http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/8859-violence-usa-the-warfare-state-and-the-brutalizing-of-everyday-life

War in its expanded incarnation works in tandem with a state organized around the production
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institutions, the workplaces and the streets of the capitalist metropoles.34 

Critical pedagogy is essential to bring about radical democracy – educators have a vital role to play since the failure to challenge the hegemonic pedagogy of the status quo imperils the planet and everyday life
Henry Giroux, 2/29/2012, Truthout, “dangerous pedagogy in the age of casino capitalism and religious fundamentalism,” http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/6954:dangerous-pedagogy-in-the-age-of-casino-capitalism-and-religious-fundamentalism

In the age of irresponsible privatization, it is difficult to recognize that educators and
AND
forces within the present which are potentially able to transform it."12

A commitment to radical democracy accepts that the democratic project is never finished – our advocacy maintains a space for endless determinations
Henry Giroux, 12/17/2013, Truthout, “radical democracy against cultures of violence,” http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/20669-radical-democracy-against-cultures-of-violence

A radical democracy is also grounded in a revolutionizing logic in which the conditions for
AND
a collective sense of agency in which history and the future is open.

Any advocacy must be contextualized to our political location. Roleplaying relies on a false assumption that the government makes unitary decisions. This assumption destroys our ability to create real world change and creates a bad form of scholarship.
Claude 1988(Inis, Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs, University of Virginia, States and the Global System, pages 18-20)

This view of the state as an institutional monolith is fostered by the notion of
AND
and discipline that theory attributes to them–and that they sometimes claim.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Framework is a technocratic attempt to collapse the public sphere
Goodnight, 1992,
(G. Thomas, The personal, technical, and public spheres of argument: a speculative inquiry into the art of public deliberation, Journal of the American Forensics Association

Meanwhile, issues of significant public consequence, what should present live possibilities for argumentation
AND
identified by Dewey and later addressed by Bitzer, may be disappearing.32

THIS IS NOT THE APOCALYPSE OF DEBATE OR EDUCATION—QUITE THE OPPOSITE.  WE’RE A PREREQUISITE TO THE BENEFITS OF THEIR FRAMEWORK.  DEBATE IS INHERENTLY POLITICAL.  WE NEED A CRITICAL PEDAGOGY THAT EMPHASIZES PERSONAL AGENCY TIED TO A LARGER PROJECT OF CONNECTING CRITICAL CITIZENSHIP AND DEMOCRACY WITH LEARNING
Henry A. Giroux, Global Television Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 2K4
“Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Neo-liberalism: making the political more pedagogical,” Policy Futures in Education, Volume 2, Numbers 3 and 4, JT
In spite of the professional pretense to neutrality, academics need to do more pedagogically
AND
of what it means to be educated from its critical and democratic possibilities.

Pedagogy DA – their framework ignores the role of debate in higher education. As academics we have to questions the assumptions that inform our practices lest we are doomed to error replication
Henry A. Giroux, PhD, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 12 July 2010
http://www.truth-out.org/the-disappearing-intellectual-age-economic-darwinism61287, “The Disappearing Intellectual in the Age of Economic Darwinism,” truthout, ACC. 12-18-10, JT
In my view, academics have not only a moral and pedagogical responsibility to unsettle
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relation to matters of power, ideology, freedom, justice and democracy.
Disinterested Politics DA - Treating debate like a game with “objective protocols and standards” results in disinterested politics
Spanos 2004 (William V., exchange with Joe Miller, author of Cross-X: The Amazing True Story of How the Most Unlikely Team from the Most Unlikely of Places Overcame Staggering Obstacles at Home and at School to ... Community on Race, Power, and Education, accessed from http://www.cross-x.com/topic/957-spanos/).

Dear Joe MIller, Yes, the statement about the American debate circuit you refer
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that unworldly world down into the historical arena where positions make a difference.
You don’t lose any links – there are epistemological benefits

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
VIBRANT PUBLIC SPHERE SOLVES YOUR IMPACT
Williams, assoc prof law @ Northeastern U, 2008
(Daniel, After the gold rush-part ii: Hamdi, the jury trial, and our degraded public sphere, Penn State Law Review, Summer)

The classic Frankfurt School diagnosis of American culture is grim and pessimistic. Jurgen Habermas
AND
a future that consists only of the present just with more snazzy gadgets.

SIMPLE KRITIKS ARE INSUFFICIENT – WE MUST USE ACADEMIC SPACES TO REVITALIZE THE PUBLIC SPHERE – ONLY THE AFF CAN SOLVE.
Giroux, 1995
Cultural Studies in Dark Times: Public Pedagogy and the Challenge of Neoliberalism
http://www.henryagiroux.com/online_articles/DarkTimes.htm

Rather than reinventing and rethinking the challenge of an oppositional politics within a global public
AND
trust, conviction, and courage that are vital to a substantive democracy.

SECRECY CRUSHES THE PUBLIC SPHERE RENDERING SUBJECT DOCILE BODIES—THEY BECOME A STANDING RESERVE
Kinsella, North Carolina State U, 2005
(William, One hundred years of nuclear discourse: four master themes and their implications for environmental communication, Environmental Communication Yearbook, p. 63)

Arney (1991), Masco (2002), and Taylor (1990,1992,
AND
a variety of topoi that enable challenges to the prevailing system of meanings.

Only by reclaiming the public sphere can we undo the violence that structures and maintains racism
Jeffrey R. Di Leo and Sophia A. McClennen, ’12, UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON, VICTORIA and PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, “Postscript on Violence,” symploke, Volume 20, Numbers 1-2, 2012, pp. 241-250, JT
Though our various critical and cultural studies relate features of it, and our social
AND
increasingly violent world and to work toward eliminating the toxic glue of violence.

A revitalized public sphere solves totalitarianism and doesn’t exclude the voices of the oppressed
Lakeland 93 (Paul, Fairfield Religious Studies Professor, “Preserving The Lifeworld, Restoring the Public Sphere, Renewing Higher Education” http://www.crosscurrents.org/lakeland2)JFS
How did we get from a democratic society in which the citizens--no matter
AND
so argues Habermas, will help ensure the preservation of a human society. 

The matrix removes the role of the human in war decisions – this accelerates dehumanization and creates binaries
Butigan, 2013
(Ken, How Can You Resist the Age of Drones?, January 16,
http://www.utne.com/politics/how-can-you-resist-age-of-drones.aspx#axzz2gDPqoo72)

This has profound geopolitical implications. But it also threatens something even more monumental:
AND
fingerprints are even found on the human wreckage it leaves in its path.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
VIBRANT PUBLIC SPHERE SOLVES YOUR IMPACT
Williams, assoc prof law @ Northeastern U, 2008
(Daniel, After the gold rush-part ii: Hamdi, the jury trial, and our degraded public sphere, Penn State Law Review, Summer)

The classic Frankfurt School diagnosis of American culture is grim and pessimistic. Jurgen Habermas
AND
a future that consists only of the present just with more snazzy gadgets.

SIMPLE KRITIKS ARE INSUFFICIENT – WE MUST USE ACADEMIC SPACES TO REVITALIZE THE PUBLIC SPHERE – ONLY THE AFF CAN SOLVE.
Giroux, 1995
Cultural Studies in Dark Times: Public Pedagogy and the Challenge of Neoliberalism
http://www.henryagiroux.com/online_articles/DarkTimes.htm

Rather than reinventing and rethinking the challenge of an oppositional politics within a global public
AND
trust, conviction, and courage that are vital to a substantive democracy.

SECRECY CRUSHES THE PUBLIC SPHERE RENDERING SUBJECT DOCILE BODIES—THEY BECOME A STANDING RESERVE
Kinsella, North Carolina State U, 2005
(William, One hundred years of nuclear discourse: four master themes and their implications for environmental communication, Environmental Communication Yearbook, p. 63)

Arney (1991), Masco (2002), and Taylor (1990,1992,
AND
a variety of topoi that enable challenges to the prevailing system of meanings.

Only by reclaiming the public sphere can we undo the violence that structures and maintains racism
Jeffrey R. Di Leo and Sophia A. McClennen, ’12, UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON, VICTORIA and PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, “Postscript on Violence,” symploke, Volume 20, Numbers 1-2, 2012, pp. 241-250, JT¶
Though our various critical and cultural studies relate features of it, and our social
AND
increasingly violent world and to work toward eliminating the toxic glue of violence.

A revitalized public sphere solves totalitarianism and doesn’t exclude the voices of the oppressed
Lakeland 93 (Paul, Fairfield Religious Studies Professor, “Preserving The Lifeworld, Restoring the Public Sphere, Renewing Higher Education” http://www.crosscurrents.org/lakeland2)JFS
How did we get from a democratic society in which the citizens--no matter
AND
so argues Habermas, will help ensure the preservation of a human society. 

The matrix removes the role of the human in war decisions – this accelerates dehumanization and creates binaries
Butigan, 2013
(Ken, How Can You Resist the Age of Drones?, January 16,
http://www.utne.com/politics/how-can-you-resist-age-of-drones.aspx#axzz2gDPqoo72)

This has profound geopolitical implications. But it also threatens something even more monumental:
AND
fingerprints are even found on the human wreckage it leaves in its path.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS SHOULD NOT DETERMINE HUMAN WORTH, ESPECIALLY IN TERMS OF CRUDE SURVIVAL.  THIS RENDERS ENTIRE POPULATIONS DISPOSABLE, LIKE POOR PERSONS OF COLOR
Henry A. Giroux, PhD, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 02 September 2K9
http://www.truth-out.org/090209R?n, “Living in a Culture of Cruelty: Democracy as Spectacle,” ACC. 12-18-10, JT
Increasingly, many individuals and groups now find themselves living in a society that measures
AND
or market forces that increasingly decide who may live and who may die.

Won’t pass --- Obama’s weak and incapable, no coop and midterms
Walsh, 12/31 --- longtime chief White House correspondent for U.S. News and World Report (12/31/2013, Kenneth T., “Miscues of 2013 Loom Over 2014 for Obama,” http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/Ken-Walshs-Washington/2013/12/31/miscues-of-2013-loom-over-2014-for-obama))
There was a moment of hope for a new spirit of compromise at the end
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Edward Snowden that revealed a vast government surveillance operation that troubled many citizens.

Reemergence of partisanship is inevitable and nothing will pass --- election pressures and debt ceiling
McManus, 12/30 (Doyle, 12/30/2013, “Partisan clashes unlikely to cool down in 2014,” http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/opinion/op_ed/2013/12/partisan_clashes_unlikely_to_cool_down_in_2014))
It would be nice to think that Congress’ easy passage of a bipartisan compromise on
AND
remain far apart on whether to offer undocumented immigrants a pathway to citizenship.

Laundry list of income and healthcare fights pound the agenda
Jules Witcover 1/1, Chicago Tribune, "After a fruitless year in Washington, New Year's blues ahead", 2014, www.chicagotribune.com/news/columnists/sns-201312311630--tms--poltodayctnyq-a20140101-20140101,0,2474617.column
Dampening down administration pleasure that a budget compromise was reached through the rare bipartisan teamwork
AND
years of an Obama presidency born more of hope than of achievable aspirations.

The president won’t fight Congress – means the plan isn’t a loss
William Howell and Jon Pevehouse, Associate Professors at the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago, 2007, When Congress Stops Wars, Foreign Affairs, EBSCO

After all, when presidents anticipate congressional resistance they will not be able to overcome
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Pace, so as to avoid a clash with Congress over his reappointment.

Trade does not solve war—there’s no correlation between trade and peace
MARTIN et al, MAYER, AND THOENIG 2008 (Phillipe, University of Paris 1 Pantheon—Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, and Centre for Economic Policy Research; Thierry MAYER, University of Paris 1 Pantheon—Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, CEPII, and Centre for Economic Policy Research, Mathias THOENIG, University of Geneva and Paris School of Economics, The Review of Economic Studies 75)
Does globalization pacify international relations? The “liberal” view in political science argues
AND
, even taking into account the increase in the number of sovereign states.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
WE MEET:  THE MATRIX IS A RESTRICTION ON THE PRESIDENT’S AUTHORITY – THE PLAN JUST GOES FURTHER
Talev, 2013
(Margaret, Obama sees sunset on Sept 11 war powers in drone limits, May 24,
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-24/obama-sees-sunset-on-sept-11-war-powers-in-drone-limits.html)

President Barack Obama said the broad war powers Congress approved to fight al-Qaeda
AND
work with Congress on how to add scrutiny to a largely secret program.

WE MEET:  THE DISPOSITION MATRIX IS THE EXERCISE OF THE PRESIDENT’S AUTHORITY – THE PLAN CURTAILS THAT
Greenwald, 2013
(Glenn, Chilling legal memo from Obama DOJ justifies assassination of US citizens, Feb 5,
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/05/obama-kill-list-doj-memo)

The most extremist power any political leader can assert is the power to target his
AND
in this one man, and those powers are exercised in the dark.
C/I --- Restriction is limitation, NOT prohibition

CAC 12,COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT, COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINAL CANNABIS COLLECTIVE et al., Defendants and Appellants, DIVISION ONE, 207 Cal. App. 4th 601; 143 Cal. Rptr. 3d 716; 2012 Cal. App. LEXIS 772
We disagree with County that in using the phrases “further restrict the location or
AND
and affordable distribution of marijuana to all patients in medical need of marijuana.”

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Drone strikes are a short-term strategy that empower terrorist organizations and make winning the War on Terror impossible
Audrey Cronin, Jul/Aug 2013, (Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University), Foreign Affairs, "Why Drones Fail," 92(4), EBSCO.

At least since 9/11, the United States has sought the end of
AND
losing the war of perceptions, a key part of any counterterrorism campaign.

Drone strikes trade of with more effective counter-terrorism strategies and make terrorist acquisition of nuclear weapons inevitable
John Arquilla, 6/3/13, Foreign Policy, "drones are too slow to kill terrorists," http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/03/drones_are_too_slow_to_kill_terrorists?page=full

Sadly, political acumen all too often makes for poor strategy -- as it surely
AND
real peace might one day be restored -- perhaps sooner than we think.

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS SHOULD NOT DETERMINE HUMAN WORTH, ESPECIALLY IN TERMS OF CRUDE SURVIVAL.  THIS RENDERS ENTIRE POPULATIONS DISPOSABLE, LIKE POOR PERSONS OF COLOR
Henry A. Giroux, PhD, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 02 September 2K9
http://www.truth-out.org/090209R?n, “Living in a Culture of Cruelty: Democracy as Spectacle,” ACC. 12-18-10, JT
Increasingly, many individuals and groups now find themselves living in a society that measures
AND
or market forces that increasingly decide who may live and who may die.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Perm do both - The disposition matrix is a global “stop and frisk” policy
Pierre 10/22Jemima, Black Agenda Report editor. October 22nd, 2013. Blacks and Drones. Accessed December 31, 2013rm
Immediately after the Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch reports were released, the Obama
AND
extrajudicial assassination every 28 hours. And the number could be much higher.

Only by reclaiming the public sphere can we undo the violence that structures and maintains racism
Jeffrey R. Di Leo and Sophia A. McClennen, ’12, UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON, VICTORIA and PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, “Postscript on Violence,” symploke, Volume 20, Numbers 1-2, 2012, pp. 241-250, JT
Though our various critical and cultural studies relate features of it, and our social
AND
increasingly violent world and to work toward eliminating the toxic glue of violence.

A revitalized public sphere solves totalitarianism and doesn’t exclude the voices of the oppressed
Lakeland 93 (Paul, Fairfield Religious Studies Professor, “Preserving The Lifeworld, Restoring the Public Sphere, Renewing Higher Education” http://www.crosscurrents.org/lakeland2)JFS
How did we get from a democratic society in which the citizens--no matter
AND
so argues Habermas, will help ensure the preservation of a human society. 

The matrix removes the role of the human in war decisions – this accelerates dehumanization and creates binaries
Butigan, 2013
(Ken, How Can You Resist the Age of Drones?, January 16,
http://www.utne.com/politics/how-can-you-resist-age-of-drones.aspx#axzz2gDPqoo72)

This has profound geopolitical implications. But it also threatens something even more monumental:
AND
fingerprints are even found on the human wreckage it leaves in its path.

The American legal system and state are not inherently racist---their overly fatalistic narrative ignores massive progress and incorrectly assumes that the US uniquely represents a site of anti-blackness
Daniel Farber 98, Prof. of the Minnesota School of Law, “Is American Law Inherently Racist”, w/ Prof. Delgado, Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository, http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1211andcontext=facpubs
Let me begin with the vision of the American legal system that Professor Delgado presented
AND
In some ways, I think we are doing considerably better than most.

The proper response to recurrent state/legal racism is protective measures--only legal reform can embed bulwarks against historical injustice
Richard Delgado 98, Jean N. Lindsley Professor of Law at the University of Colorado Law School, “Is American Law Inherently Racist”, Debate w/ Prof. Farber, Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository, http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1211andcontext=facpubs
AUDIENCE: If we accept the premise that American law is inherently racist, what
AND
arein other respects. I will address this point later in my talk.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Contention 1 THE DISPOSITION MATRIX

The targeted killing program has become the defining element of the War on Terror. Obama has streamlined this process through the use of the disposition matrix – a technocratic and self-perpetuating system for identifying and eliminating targets. This secret matrix is an attempt to lock-in an indefinite and unending system of war.
Miller, 2013
(Greg, Plan for hunting terrorists signals U.S. intends to keep adding names to kill lists, Oct 23,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/plan-for-hunting-terrorists-signals-us-intends-to-keep-adding-names-to-kill-lists/2012/10/23/4789b2ae-18b3-11e2-a55c-39408fbe6a4b_story.html)

Over the past two years, the Obama administration has been secretly developing a new
AND
employ the kill lists. But officials said the discussions became dead ends. 

Drone secrecy is a strategic attempt by the state to dehumanize enemies and render violence invisible – this transforms the US into police state
McFarlane, 2013
(Megan, Drones, biopolitics and visuality: the aestheticization the war on terror, paper presented at the 2013 Alta Conference on Argumentation, graduate student @ University of Utah)

One of the prominent realms in which classification and separation function today is in the
AND
’ a priori and hence aesthetic” (2011, p. 278).

This policing mentality shuts out public deliberation – enabling and justifying unchecked presidential authority and ongoing, endless cycles of warfare
Mary Dudziak, 10/13/2009, (Professor of Law and Director of the Project on War and Security at Emory), The Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, "To whom is a drone loyal?" http://www.shafr.org/2009/10/13/to-whom-is-a-drone-loyal/

In my west coast copy of the New York Times today, two stories are
AND
how might they reassert their voice as a check on executive war power.

The disposition matrix is part and parcel of unchecked executive authority that has manifested itself behind the veil of a secretive targeted killing program – the lack of public deliberation about targeted killings shuts out dissent, which allows the state to monopolize unsanctioned violence turning the president into an “assassin-in-chief”
Toth, 2013
(Kate, London School of Economics, Remote controlled war: implications of the distancing of state-sponsored violence on American democracy, http://www.academia.edu/3125323/REMOTE-CONTROLLED_WAR_IMPLICATIONS_OF_THE_DISTANCING_OF_STATE-SPONSORED_VIOLENCE_ON_AMERICAN_DEMOCRACY)

For these two technologies – and for the drone strikes in particular – in addition
AND
Department of Justice safe” (Becker and Shane, 2012).

This “assassin-in-chief” status erases the fundamental protections of a democratic society – the State now operates like an authoritarian regime targeting and silencing opposition at home and abroad without the application of due process – a revitalized public sphere is the only back stop
Giroux 2013
Henry, February 12, The Shooting Gallery: Obama and the Vanishing Point of Democracy
http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/14483-the-shooting-gallery-obama-and-the-vanishing-point-of-democracy

At a time in history when American society is overtly subject to the quasi militarization
AND
are now in the shooting gallery and we are all potentially the targets.

The techno-strategic attempt to shut out deliberation via the disposition matrix collapses the public sphere. Beyond the advocacy of curtailing executive authority, our speech act is a central element in revitalizing the public sphere
Hayes, 2013
(Heather, assistant professor of rhetoric @ Whitman, Don’t fear the reaper: the disturbing case of how drones reconfigure technologies of deliberation, paper presented at the 2013 Alta Conference on Argumentation)

As Goodnight (1982) notes, “those practices which replace deliberative rhetoric by
AND
perhaps creating) avenues of public deliberation within the global war on terror. 

Deliberation is integral to activating the public sphere – our role in this debate space is essential
Giroux, prof of English and Cultural Studies @ McMaster U, 2009
(Henry, The Politics of Lying and the Culture of Deceit in Obama's America: The Rule of Damaged Politics, September 21, online, http://www.truth-out.org/archive/item/86162:the-politics-of-lying-and-the-culture-of-deceit-in-obamas-america-the-rule-of-damaged-politics)

Beyond disinformation and disguise, the politics of lying and the culture of deceit trade
AND
rather than on the side of hate, willful ignorance and widespread injustice.

The decline of the public sphere ensures a fill-in by right wing, authoritarian elites – the corporate colonization of public discourse renders all other interests irrelevant, posing a grave threat to our collective survival
Boggs, 97 (Carl, National University, Los Angeles, Theory and Society, “The great retreat: Decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America”, December, Volume 26, Number 6) 

The decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America poses a series
AND
of those universal, collective interests that had vanished from civil society. 75

Thus Ryan and I advocate the following: that the United States federal government should statutorily restrict the authority of the President to carry out targeted killings without the application of due process. 

Contention 2 DUE PROCESS

Current targeted killing guidelines fall far short of due process – restricting executive authority by requiring the application of due process aligns the deliberative interests of the public and the accused.
Deborah Pearlstein, 10/22/2013, (Prof. at the Benjamin Cardozo School of Law), "Enhancing Due Process in Targeted Killing," Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper No. 407, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2343895

The description of the targeting process here is based on the doctrine set forth in
AND
favor identifying and implementing procedures that can reduce the risk of tragic error.

As the existence of the disposition matrix indicates, the secretive targeted killing program is sustained by the absence of due process
Greenwald, 2012
Glenn, Obama moves to make the War on Terror permanent, Guardian, October 24,
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/oct/24/obama-terrorism-kill-list)

The creepiest aspect of this development is the christening of a new Orwellian euphemism for
AND
that true oppression, by definition, is something that happens only elsewhere).

Applying due process pulls back the veil on the targeted killing program and exposes it to public deliberation
Afsheen Radsan (William Mitchell College of Law) and Richard Murphy (Texas Tech University School of Law), 3/1/2009, "Due Process and Targeted Killing," Cadozo Law Review, Vol 31, Social Science Research Network, 409-412

This Article stays closer to home, arguing that American due process principles should control
AND
the implications of Hamdi/Boumediene for the due process of targeted killing.

We are under no illusion that the law is far from perfect.  We'll defend the plan not as a policy demand on the state, but the endpoint of our critical pedagogy. Rather than a sole focus on the literal implementation of the plan, we argue that the role of the judge in this debate is to assume the position of a critical scholar. This is essential when discussing the public sphere.
Giroux and Giroux, 2K6
Henry A. Giroux is the Global Television Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University and Susan Searls Giroux is an assistant professor in the Department of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, “Challenging Neoliberalism's New World Order: The Promise of Critical Pedagogy,” Cultural Studies = Critical Methodologies, 6:21, JT
We believe that if public education is a crucial sphere for creating citizens equipped to
AND
values should be the primary concerns of both public education and the university.