Tournament: Pitt RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kentucky GR | Judge: Massey
1NC K
Kentucky’s 1ac misidentifies the symptom for the cause, focusing on targeted killing as a challenge to the very nature of so-called ‘Just War’ obscures an entire ongoing history of racialized militarism manifesting domestically and globally. This disavowal of the necessary relationship between the formation of the US state and technologies of warmaking dooms their project
Rodriguez 10
Crit Sociol 2010; 36; 151 Dylan Rodríguez The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition

In spite of, or perhaps because of, the recent proliferation of ‘antiwar’ liberal and progressive discourses challenging the militarized US 

e.g. by prison and penal abolitionists (Critical Resistance Publications Collective 2000), radical women of color antiviolence activists (INCITE! Women of Color Against Violence 2006), and imprisoned radicals and revolutionaries (Hames-Garcia 2004; Rodríguez 2006) – are held with suspicion as the allegations of those (simply) unwilling to concede the fundamental tenability and universal reformability of the US social and state forms.
They fail to even acknowledge the broader militarism of the topic when they refuse to challenge detention, cyber ops or armed forces – this is not a link of omission, but rather overt choice that demonstrates the fluidity of whiteness to cherry pick their focus. Only our historical linking reveals that while the tactics may change, the repression remains the same.
Daulatzai 12
(Sohail, Born at the Af-Pak border and raised in L.A. near the U.S-Mexico border, Sohail Daulatzai writes about race, culture, and politics, Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies and the Program in African American Studies at the University of California, Irvine, BLACK STAR, CRESCENT MOON The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America, Kindle Edition, p.189-90)

GUANTÁNAMO IS STILL OPEN. Drones keep flying, and more threats loom.

. But though the tactics of repression may have changed to suit the times, the strategy of containing and erasing Black freedom struggles and people’s movements in the Third World is not new. For in many ways, as I have argued, the Cold War was a coded race war against Black and Third World liberation movements, as the United States and its allies sought to undermine the challenges to European and American dominion over the globe.
And their choice is not one that can be remedied by some afterthought to add in other tactics or a focus on racist anti-Muslim violence in the 2ac. Focus on drones actively trades off with challenging larger questions of militarism, turns the aff
Trombly 12
(Dan, Associate Analyst @ Caerus Analytics, National Security/International Affairs Analyst, “The Drone War Does Not Take Place,” NOVEMBER 16, 2012, http://slouchingcolumbia.wordpress.com/2012/11/16/the-drone-war-does-not-take-place/)

I’ll try to make this a bit shorter than my usual fare on the subject, but let me be clear about something. As much as I and many others inadvertently use the term, there is no such thing as drone war. There is no nuclear war, no air war, no naval war. There isn’t really even irregular war. There’s just war. There is, of course, drone warfare, just as there is nuclear warfare, aerial warfare, and naval warfare. This is verging on pedantry, but the use of language does matter. 

Focusing on drones and the nature of targeted killings as some sort of inherent link ignores those contexts and ultimately does a disservice to understanding of wars past, present, and future, and by doing so, does little help – and possibly a great deal of harm – to understanding how to move forward.
And, When the Aff calls on “USFG” action, they accepted the colonialist legacy and their refusal to acknowledge that link is itself a perpetuation of the contemporary practices of power that produce and maintain networks of oppression
Shanara 8
Shanara Reid-Brinkley, Rhetoric PhD and Prof @ Pitt, and the most competitively successful black woman in CEDA history, THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE,

Mitchell observes that the stance of the policymaker in debate comes with a “sense of detachment associated with the spectator posture.”115 In other words, its participants are able to engage in debates where they are able to distance themselves from the events that are the subjects of debates. Debaters can throw around terms like torture, terrorism, genocide and nuclear war without blinking.

. So, rather than seeing themselves as government or state actors, Jones and Green choose to perform themselves in debate, violating the more “objective” stance of the “policymaker” and require their opponents to do the same.
Rather than begging the USFG for tactical reforms that only strengthen the racist war machine, vote neg,  - for the authority of the usfg to engage in killing should be abolished.
Daulatzai 12
(Sohail, Born at the Af-Pak border and raised in L.A. near the U.S-Mexico border, Sohail Daulatzai writes about race, culture, and politics, Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies and the Program in African American Studies at the University of California, Irvine, BLACK STAR, CRESCENT MOON The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America, Kindle Edition, p.191- 94)

As the post-9/ 11 climate has intensified its war on Black communities and has more directly placed the Muslim Third World and Muslim communities within its sight lines, it would be important to consider Malcolm’s Muslim Internationalism and his challenges to Black political orthodoxy during the Cold War as a lens toward understanding the current political landscape in which the Muslim Third World, Islam, and Blackness define U.S. domestic and foreign policy. 

By embracing radicalism and forging a Muslim Left, we can deepen our understanding of power and link our struggles not only here domestically but also globally, giving our politics a more critical edge and shaping and sharpening the possibilities of the Muslim International.

1NCCase Debate
a. Surveillance Drones still be used to perfect snatch and grabs
Pantucci 11
(Raffaello Pantucci, Associate Fellow at the International Center for the Study of Radicalisation, “Raffaello Pantucci on targeted killings: what are the alternatives?”, 1/3, Kings of War is a blog by various faculty and research students of the Department of War Studies , King's College, London, http://kingsofwar.org.uk/2011/01/raffaello-pantucci-on-targeted-killings-what-are-the-alternatives/)

Maybe the solution lies in using the drones as eyes in the sky rather than as killers hovering above. Use the intelligence gathered from the drones to track enemies until they reach a location where they can be snatched by friendlies, and then placed before courts of law. The idea would be to have almost total coverage over a restricted space where the enemy was known to operate, and to grab them when they venture beyond this space – presumably on their way to carry out terrorist acts. This would keep down the amount of friendlies in danger’s way, along with the level of collateral damage.
b. Apprehension raids just excuses for murder
Cullen 8
Colonel Peter M. Cullen, USA, is the Staff Judge Advocate, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) at Fort Campbell, JFQ / issue 48, 1s1 quarter, “The Role of Target Killing in the Campaign against Terror”,
http://cryptome.org/us-targeted-kill.pdf

These concerns highlight some of the dilemmas that terrorism presents any democratic society. It is part of the asymmetric advantage that terrorism enjoys.

.34 If targeted killing is removed as an option and arrest is precluded, the remaining alternative—letting the terrorist continue to kill innocent civilians—is surely the least attractive moral option.
c. They will just send get other militaries to do the dirty work or hire private military contractors
Michaels 4
(Jon – Law Clerk to the Honorable Guido Calabresi, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; Law Clerk designate, the Honorable David H. Souter, U.S. Supreme Court; J.D., Yale Law School, “ARTICLE: BEYOND ACCOUNTABILITY: THE CONSTITUTIONAL, DEMOCRATIC, AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS WITH PRIVATIZING WAR”, 2004, 82 Wash. U. L. Q. 1001, lexis)

 *1008 Military privatization of combat duties, on the other hand, decidedly does. It has the potential to introduce a range of novel constitutional, democratic, and strategic harms that have few, if any, analogues in the context of domestic, commercial outsourcing. 

Tactical privatization thus stands in contradistinction to what is widely understood to be the conventional privatization agenda, driven by economic goals, that strives for verisimilitude in replicating government responsibilities (only more efficiently). n19 To elude public debate, circumvent Congress's coordinate role in conducting military affairs, and evade Security Council dictates may help an administration achieve short-term, realpolitik ends; but in the process, the structural damage to the vibrancy and authenticity of public deliberation, to the integrity of America's constitutional architecture of separation of powers, and to the legitimacy of collective security may prove irreparable.
2. They don’t challenge “just war” - Especially when your 1ac is full of things that prop up the theory like your Terrell evidence that argues there is indeed a “just war”, just that drones aren’t part of it
Terrell 13 (Brian Terrell is a co-coordinator of Voices for Creative Nonviolence, Drones and Gadflies, Sept 13,  http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/09/13/drones-and-gadflies/)

This transformation was marked by changing the unit’s name from the “132nd Fighter Wing” to the “132nd Attack Wing.” 

The parsing out of innocent and guilty drone victims is in a sense a waste of time. All alike are victims.

blue = KY highlighting
= green = westga highlighting
all underlining in KY original

3. Suspect their scholarship - Dabashi “perpetual war” impact evidence is solely in the context of US/Israel war with Iran, literally zero internal link to the aff. Part of a loosely collected bunch of random cards about militarism, aff has no coherent thesis by which to even evaluate their advantages and solvency
4. Obama’s theological realism make just war reasoning inevitable unless we challenge the entire system
Tran 12
(Dr. Jonathan Tran,  Assistant Professor of Theological Ethics, Baylor University, “The Audacity of Hope and the Violence of Peace: Obama, War, and Christianity”, Inaugural Ethics Lecture at Truett Seminary, sponsored by the TBMaston Foundation, January 31, http://www.mastonfoundation.org/e-News/2012_Feb/Articles/Voices_JTran_TruettSeminaryEthicsLecture_2012.pdf)

Those who do not like Obama's war policies, exemplified today in his targeted killing program, cannot accuse him of inconsistency

And while Obama has been, wisely, much less willing to associate war with divine fiat and use God to justify his politics, that is only because he was able to identify war as the natural order of things. There is no need to appeal to the nature of God when you can appeal to the nature of the world, a world shorn of God, where God stands always outside.

Your activism falls U.S. civil society Islamophobic
Curtis 13
(Edward E. Curtis IV, Professor of Religious Studies Indiana/Purdue, “The Black Muslim Scare of the Twentieth Century”, Islamophobia in America: The Anatomy of Intolerance, p. 75-6)

Though Islamophobia has deep roots in both American cul¬ture and US society, its vitality in those domains is a result, at least in part, of the state repression of political dissent organized around Islamic symbols and themes. 

Islamophobia is also the product of the state's legal and extra¬legal attempts to control, discipline, and punish Muslim American individuals and organizations.

Impact

We outweigh, their characterization of nuclear extinction in doomsday scenarios separates the question of apocalyptic violence from racial justice ignoring that THE WORLD HAS ALREADY ENDED for people of color and that our focus on mere survivability ignores that nuclear holocaust is waged on a daily basis against non-white bodies, only our bottom up resistance solves.- Omolade 1984 Barbara, Calvin College’s first dean of multicultural affairs, “Women of Color and the Nuclear Holocaust,” Women’s Studies Quarterly vol. 12, No. 2.

To raise these issues effectively, the movement for nuclear disarmament must overcome its reluctance to speak in terms of power, of institutional racism, and imperialist military terror

 These struggles are not abstractions, but the only means by which we have gained the ability to eat and to provide for the future of our people.
?

Perm becomes part of American myth of multicultural narrative used to advance anti-Islamic violence – perm links even worse to our shift DA offense
Trafton 3
(Scott, George Mason University, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/v056/56.2trafton.html, date accessed: 7/7/2010) AJK

Klein argues that Cold War middlebrow Orientalism was directly tied to the U.S. federal government's political projects abroad. In negotiating the complicated political terrain of the Cold War, American foreign policy makers faced a difficult question: how to maintain a End Page 461 continuing project of postwar imperial expansion while simultaneously projecting the image of America as nonimperial, nonexpansionist benevolent peacekeeper. 

Cultural producers imaginatively mapped a network of sentimental pathways between the United States and Asia that paralleled and reinforced the more material pathways along which America's economic, political, and military power flowed" (13-17). 

Co-option DA – The perm does not put the plan into dialogue with the Muslim International, but rather creates an asymmetrical co-option under the terms of the state
Birt 8
(Yakya Birt is Commissioning Editor at Kube Publisliing. an independent researcher, and a former Director of City Circle., “Governing Muslims after 9/11”, Thinking Thru' Islamophobia, Symposium Papers Organized by S.Sayyid and Abdoolkarim Vakil, May, http://www.sociology.leeds.ac.uk/assets/files/research/cers/Islamophobia20Symposium20Papers20e-working20paper20(3).pdf#page=59

Political "dialogue" does not involve mutual interaction but asymmetric discipline through four main features (Lawrence 2007):

Although more might be said about agency here, it is clear that Muslims acting globally, above and below the nation state, as in the Rushdie and Danish Cartoon affairs, and most of the anti-war protests, have been more successful in disrupting the application of govemmentality.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas BiCa | Judge: Corrigan
Imperialism K

The War on Terror is alive and well under the Obama administration. The imperialist wolf of the empire seeks approval and perceptual benevolence while continuing the rampage and course of destruction of the non-white body. Daulatzai 12
(Sohail, Born at the Af-Pak border and raised in L.A. near the U.S-Mexico border, Sohail Daulatzai writes about race, culture, and politics, Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies and the Program in African American Studies at the University of California, Irvine, BLACK STAR, CRESCENT MOON The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America, Kindle Edition, p.189-90)

GUANTÁNAMO IS STILL OPEN. ….ominion over the globe.

Debate attempts to engage have simply repeated anti-Islamic Orientalism in pursuing the knowledge not for its own sake, but for its use value to win debates or supports USFG policymaking – Debate arguments have vacillated between examples of Islamophobia like Muslim terrorists impacts and Islamophilia like privileged white debaters embracing the figure of the “terrorist” or “saving” Muslim women – what it had not pursued is genuine encounter with Islamic knowledge
Little 2k
(Donald P., Scholar at the Institute of Islamic Studies in Canada, Orientalism: A Reader, p 124)

Professor A. L.Tibawi,a distinguished educator …. has no need of alien guidance.
This topic and their plan are simply an assertion of benevolent Islamophobic imperialism that must be reject not only in the political but in this space right now
Kumar 12
(Deepa Kumar is an associate professor of media studies and Middle East studies at Rutgers University. She is the author of Outside the Box: Corporate Media, Globalization and the UPS Strike, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, kindle for pc edition)

By the end of Bush's second …. "benevolent supremacy" remains unquestioned.
Constitute unique legitimation of racism
Bhattacharyya 8
(Gargi Bhattacharyya is Professor of Sociology and Head of Sociology Group, Aston University., , “Dangerous Brown Men and the War on Terror?”, Thinking Thru' Islamophobia, Symposium Papers Organized by S.Sayyid and Abdoolkarim Vakil, May, http://www.sociology.leeds.ac.uk/assets/files/research/cers/Islamophobia20Symposium20Papers20e-working20paper20(3).pdf#page=59

What I am describing as ….., but now in order to discern adherence to these dangerous beliefs.

Only embracing the position of the Muslim International/Black Radicalism can craft powerful platforms of rhetorical rebellion against white supremacy and U.S state power.
Daulatzai 12
(Sohail, Born at the Af-Pak border and raised in L.A. near the U.S-Mexico border, Sohail Daulatzai writes about race, culture, and politics, Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies and the Program in African American Studies at the University of California, Irvine, BLACK STAR, CRESCENT MOON The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America, Kindle Edition, p.135)

By conjuring the history of ….. productive sites toward power's undoing.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: Topp
Same as GSU version with 2 new cards -
When the Aff took on the mantle of “USFG,” they accepted the colonialist legacy and their refusal to acknowledge that link is itself a perpetuation of the contemporary practices of power that produce and maintain networks of oppression
Shanara ‘8
Shanara Reid-Brinkley, Rhetoric PhD and Prof @ Pitt, and the most competitively successful black woman in CEDA history, THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE,

Mitchell observes that ..... their opponents to do the same.

We can't work within a system of euro-centric dominance because law is euro-centric which makes it an extension of white supremacy's tentacles as it seeks to extend it's power around the globe. Law is the invisible extension of the American global nation building project that seeks to manage the casualties of domestic warfare. This is why a radical rejection of the law is required even if it makes us outlaws in the face of legality.
Nunn 1997 Kenneth B., Professor of Law, University of Florida College of Law, “Law as a Eurocentric enterprise,” Law and Inequality, 15 Law and Ineq. J. 323
 European colonizers dominated .......go unaddressed and unresolved.

Tournament: USC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wayne State JS | Judge: Weil
empire seeks approval and perceptual benevolence while continuing the rampage and course of destruction of the non-white body.
Daulatzai 12
(Sohail, Born at the Af-Pak border and raised in L.A. near the U.S-Mexico border, Sohail Daulatzai writes about race, culture, and politics, Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies and the Program in African American Studies at the University of California, Irvine, BLACK STAR, CRESCENT MOON The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America, Kindle Edition, p.189-90)

GUANTÁNAMO IS STILL OPEN.....n dominion over the globe.

When the NEG took on the mantle of “USFG,” they accepted the colonialist legacy and their refusal to acknowledge that link is itself a perpetuation of the contemporary practices of power that produce and maintain networks of oppression
Shanara ‘8
Shanara Reid-Brinkley, Rhetoric PhD and Prof @ Pitt, and the most competitively successful black woman in CEDA history, THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE,

Mitchell observes ....opponents to do the same.

The Aff logic behind stopping wars against nation-state actors in war fighting-- ignores the violence against non-white bodies occurring everyday.. the lack of acknowledgement of this type of warfare is how foreign policy discourse  is just a symptom of larger islamphobia and systemic violence.
Kumar 12
(Deepa Kumar is an associate professor of media studies and Middle East studies at Rutgers University. She is the author of Outside the Box: Corporate Media, Globalization and the UPS Strike, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, kindle for pc edition)

In this chapter .....in the next chapter.

Our alternative is the embracing the position of the Muslim International can craft powerful platforms of rhetorical rebellion against white supremacy and U.S state power that is non-intrinsic to the Aff.

Daulatzai 12
(Sohail, Born at the Af-Pak border and raised in L.A. near the U.S-Mexico border, Sohail Daulatzai writes about race, culture, and politics, Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies and the Program in African American Studies at the University of California, Irvine, BLACK STAR, CRESCENT MOON The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America, Kindle Edition, p.xxii -xxv )

In exploring and revealing..... toward power's undoing.

Tournament: Marie Hochmuth RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cal MS | Judge: Lincoln Garrett
Permutation

Positing Anti-black racism at the center of white supremacy doesn’t create a binary paradigm because it asserts a truth, not a totality.  Accusations of oppression olympics de-historicize domination, destroying the oppositional potential and efficacy of the coalitions they say we fracture by necessarily shifting the focus of those coalitions away from destroying white civil society to accruing currency in its economy of rights and recognition.  This necessitates an inherent anti-blackness by ascribing to a fantasy of colorblind equality whose coordinates are organized and sustained through an invisible schema of genocidal whiteness- Sexton 2007 Jarod, Assistant professor of Africana Studies at UC Irvine, “Racial Profiling and the Societies of Control,” Warfare in the American Homeland: Policing and Prison in a Penal Democracy, p. 209-212

Black suffering, in other words, is utilized as a convenient point of reference, the putative bottom line, in such a way that the specificity of anti blackness which is to say, its inexorableness and fundamentality to racial formation in the United States-is almost entirely obscured. 

Without blacks on board, the only viable option, the only effective defense against the crossfire will entail forging greater alliances with an anti-black civil society and capitulating further to the magnification of state power-a bid that carries its own indelible costs, its own pains and pleasures.

Think of it much more like a plan–plan debate where it is only about comparing our praxes, not viewing them as needing to compete with each other in a way that requires the neg to demonstrate forced choice. Mutual exclusivity is always already provided at the level that praxes are inherently embodied discourses – evaluate the 1ac as the speech act that IS the aff’s praxis – here is how their 1ac author describes praxis as a discursive act that supports out argument

Wing 3
Spring 2003, Adrien Katherine Wing is a Bessie Dutton Murray Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Iowa College of Law. A.B. Princeton, 1978; M.A. UCLA, 1979; J.D. Stanford, 1982. This paper was presented at the Civil Rights symposium of the Louisiana State“Civil Rights in the Post 911 World: Critical Race Praxis, Coalition Building, and the War on Terrorism”, http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5987andcontext=lalrevandsei-redir=1andreferer=http3A2F2Fscholar.google.com2Fscholar3Fq3Dguantanamo2B2522critical2Brace2Btheory252226btnG3D26hl3Den26as_sdt3D0252C526as_vis3D1#search=22guantanamo20critical20race20theory22, 63 La. L. Rev. (2003)
Another tenet that Critical Race Theorists espouse involves the necessity to engage in praxis, the combining of theory and practice.

Praxis can take many forms ranging from counseling a client, filing a brief, making a speech, doing op-ed pieces, writing popular press books, appearing on talk shows, serving on boards, testifying before Congress, supporting/attacking federal judicial nominees, or working officially or pro bono with various public interest, governmental, or international organizations.

Slur K

They have not idenitified as reason to repeat these vulgar words in an actual debate when I as a muslim body gets called them every day. Our hill evidence indicates that offensive remark is repeated again and again, over days and even weeks, both by those who wish to defend the speaker and by those who seek to criticize it—only leads to the normalization of the linguistic violence by reinstating these temrs over and over again.
The fact that they don’t reapprioate these terms which is what their brown evidence DISCUSSES is the link to the hell evidence that says it simply becomes
an excuse for ISLAMOPHOBES  to get to say them again and again. 

HERE IS WHY THEY LOSE---“CP paralyzes politics, precludes alternative discourses, only the perm solves – star this card.”
Schram 95

-----------------
A 2AC could never get away with “We’re sorry, we didn’t know our plan would expend political capital, just forgive us this time and we promise never to do it again.” To count such advocacy as responsive to our argument only EXACERBATES the link as islamophobio is deemed insignificant enough to “let it slide this time.” 

Apologies must be coupled with a loss – simply permitting them to displace blame is insufficient
Tavuchis 91 (Nicholas, Senior Scholar in the Department of Sociology @ University of Manitoba. Mea Culpa: A Sociology of Apology and Reconciliation pg. 17)

This brief review reveals an interesting connotative displacement and transformation. In earlier times, an apology referred to a defense, justification, or excuse. Its modern meaning and usage have shifted so that now an apology begins where these former rhetorical and essentially self-serving forms leave off. The implications of this semantic divergence for our purposes are not insignificant. To apologize is to declare voluntarily that one has no excuse, defense, justification, or explanation for an action (or inaction) that has "insulted, failed, injured, or wronged another." On the other hand, one who offers an account, for example, an excuse or defense, asks the offended party, in effect, to be reasonable by giving explanations that are intended to (partially or fully) release him or her. So it is that such placatory or evasive attempts, no matter how sincere, always seek to divert attention from the agent of action to conventional categories of causality such as incapacity, accident, ignorance, or coercion. In sharp contrast, one who apologizes seeks forgiveness and redemption for what is unreasonable, unjustified, undeserving, and inequitable.

WHAT  IS THE unique value of reading this aff against a Muslim debater?

Just become an excuse for white people to get to say them
Hill 8
(Jane, Professor and Professor of Anthropology, Professor (Linguistics), University of Arizona, The everyday language of white racism, p.49-50

The folk theory, which holds that racism persists only among marginal and uneducated people, predicts that slurs should be less common today than they were a few decades ago. Yet somehow everyone knows these words. They appear in assault, in moments of interpersonal anger and violence, or in gratuitous verbal muggings of people of color. They show up in jokes, and in the backstage "race talk" documented by Myers (2005). Slurs are important as well for a tough, hyper-masculine register of American English, where they are emblematic of straight talk and the right to unconstrained and "irreverent" expression, even among people who would deny a charge of racism (Eliasoph 1999). Slurs circulate in discourses that attempt to recapture and reshape the meanings of these words, as in the use of "nigga" as a term of affection and solidarity among some African Americans. They are frequently repeated in metalinguistic debates, about whether certain words are slurs, about who can use them and when they can be used, and in debates over whether those who use them are racists or not. Such debates are familiar and even ritualized routines that keep these words in active circulation even among speakers who would hesitate to deploy them in any other kind of discourse. In fact, these routines are among the few sites where White Americans seem to think that they can talk relatively freely, in public, about race and racism, so such talk offers an important opportunity for analysis. The central case study of this chapter examines a battle over the word "squaw," condemned as a racist slur by the middle of the nineteenth century. This debate, over whether a local mountain called "Squaw Peak" should be renamed, took place on an Internet message board hosted by the Phoenix daily newspaper, the Arizona Republic. Many participants in this debate insisted that the word "squaw" is not a slur, and so they should be able to use it without being labeled as racists. 

This turn there House Evidence

1ac Wing evidence – {Hakeem}
For example, Jack Shaheen surveyed a number of movies and found the following characterizations of Arabs and Muslims: "assholes," "bastards," "camel-dicks," "pigs," "devil-worshipers," "jackels," "rats," "rag-heads," "towel-heads," "scum-buckets," "sons-of-dogs," "buzzards of the jungle," "sons-of-whores," "sons-of-unnamed goats," and "sons-of-she-camels." 4 It is difficult to imagine the movie industry applying those sorts of labels to Blacks or Jews today.
Obviously, the 1ac uses these slurs in a referential context but that does not alleviate either the personal injury done in this room, but also serves a cultural function of repetition and legitimation
Hill 8
(Jane, Professor and Professor of Anthropology, Professor (Linguistics), University of Arizona, The everyday language of white racism, p.43-44)
Along with their capacity to make some kinds of discourse functions and meanings highly salient, and others invisible, linguistic ideologies have what Urban (2001) has called a "metacultural" function: In Urban's words, they "move culture through the world," putting certain kinds of talk and text into general circulation. 

Even though the utterance of stereotypes and epithets is stigmatized, linguistic ideologies provide people with occasions where they can be repeated.

Vote negative – you have a responsibility as judge and educator to foster an anti-oppressive environment. Their Collins and Glover ev is correct – this language does real violence and must be rejected
Zaal 12
(Mayida Zaal is an assistant professor at Montclair State University, “Islamophobia in Classrooms, Media, and Politics”, Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 55(6), March, doi:10.1002/JAAL00066)

In previously conducted research, the Muslim youth who shared their stories with me in the U.S. (Zaal, Salah, ik Fine, 2007) and in the Netherlands (Zaal, 2009) had many concerns in common. 

Young people must negotiate torrents of information, and as educators we need to provide counternarratives and create learning environments in which students can engage as critical readers of their world.

1NC - CounterPraxis
Berkeley’s praxis is just a post 9/11 discursive snapshot of Islamophobia centered on indefinite detention, it ignores and obscures historical lineages of antiBlack, antiMuslim violence that continue to manifest domestically and globally. Instead the negative’s praxis is one that is theoretically grounded in these critical genealogies.
Ali ’10
Zaheer, PhD candidate in History Columbia, BA cum laude in Afro-American Studies@ Harvard, MPhil History Columbia, “Islamophobia Did Not Start at Ground Zero” 9/7,
http://www.theroot.com/articles/culture/2010/09/islamophobia_did_not_start_at_ground_zero.html

While most examinations of Islamophobia suggest that it is only the most recent expression of American nativism -- made manifest after the 9/11 terror attacks -- the history of using the fear of Islam as a tactic actually extends much further back. 

Any effective strategy to combat the spread of Islamophobia, then, will have to take into account the historic relationship between anti-Muslim bigotry and anti-black racism. Hopefully this will be one of the contributions the Coalition of African American Muslims makes to this struggle.

The targeting of Muslims by the USFG began at the nation’s own inception – Extinction of Islam and enslavement of its African adherents was deemed intrinsic to the survival of America
In her book, “ Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas,” Sylviane A. Diouf notes:
Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas, by Sylviane A. Diouf, award-winning historian.
Scattered across every region of the Americas, the Muslims entered a hostile world—a world that enslaved free Muslim men and women; a white Christian world determined to wipe out any trace of "paganism" or "Muhammadanism" in the newly arrived Africans. 

It was with these words that a slave found wandering in Kent County, Pennsylvania, introduced himself to the men who interrogated him one day in june 1731.
Our situated praxis reveals the ways in which the 1ac continues to participate in the central logic of Isamophobic projects, such as their call on the category of the “Muslim American”, an identity tied to imperial US nation-building
(Koenigsknecht and Kumar cards)
Daulatzai 12
(Sohail, Born at the Af-Pak border and raised in L.A. near the U.S-Mexico border, Sohail Daulatzai writes about race, culture, and politics, Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies and the Program in African American Studies at the University of California, Irvine, BLACK STAR, CRESCENT MOON The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America, Kindle Edition, p.191- 94)

As the post-9/ 11 climate has intensified its war on Black communities and has more directly placed the Muslim Third World and Muslim communities within its sight lines, it would be important to consider Malcolm’s Muslim Internationalism and his challenges to Black political orthodoxy during the Cold War as a lens toward understanding the current political landscape in which the Muslim Third World, Islam, and Blackness define U.S. domestic and foreign policy

By embracing radicalism and forging a Muslim Left, we can deepen our understanding of power and link our struggles not only here domestically but also globally, giving our politics a more critical edge and shaping and sharpening the possibilities of the Muslim International.
And their argument for the uniqueness of military detention fails at addressing the foundations in which instances like Gitmo and Abu Ghraib become possible
Davis 5
Angela Davis in 2005 Abolition Democracy Pages 93-96

We tend to think about torture as an aberrant event

He was already familiar with the many ways prison objectifies and dehumanizes its inhabitants.
Given that praxis is the literally the practice of theory, the 1ac should be set against the 1nc as praxes that can be evaluated against each other, in comparison rather than in competition. Forced choice is always already ensured because these praxes only exist as performativities to be decided between, not as hypothetical future choices to be pursued. No permutation makes sense in this context, it is about the starting points, the discursive choices and violence already done within the 1ac that are a reason to vote negative to advocate an embodied, genealogical praxis challenging Islamophobia.
Aronui 5
(Te Kura Kete, University of Waikato, NZ, “What is Praxis? Discussed in relation to Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche and Sartre Natalie Cowley”, Societies and Cultures, http://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/149261/NatalieCowley.pdf

Introduction
The notion of praxis has typically been defined in a Marxist manner, exemplified in Marx's exhortation for theorists to not simply interpret the world but to change it.

. For Vazquez (1977) ordinary consciousness, with its spontaneous and unreflective conception of practical activity, cannot rise to a true philosophical conception of praxis until it grasps the significance of the mutually constituting relationship between subjectivity and the objective world; until it recognizes that practical activity cannot be separated from the realm of theory as they both contribute to the writing of history and the process through which humans form and create themselves.

Only voting negative can unravel the historical roots of Islamophobia in this academic context – their 1ac author concludes for the neg
Zine 4
(Jasmin, Department of Sociology and Equity Studies in Education at the Ontario, Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto in the areas of race and ethnicity, anti-racism education and critical ethnography, “Anti-Islamophobia Education as Transformative Pedadogy: Reflections from the Educational Front Lines”,  The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:3, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:o3YcCf7EcosJ:i-epistemology.net/attachments/847_Ajiss21-32520-2520Zine2520-2520Anti2520Islamophobia2520Education.pdf+andcd=6andhl=enandct=clnkandgl=us)

The historical foundations of Islamophobia are also addressed as a part of this critical pedagogical enterprise

 Unraveling Islamophobia's historical roots is critical to deconstructing how contemporary discursive practices sustain and legitimate the current conditions of global militarism and imperialism.

The non-uniqueness of the AFF guts any ‘solvency’ claims - and prioritizing their outsider stance against Racism over our lived experiences only furthers the oppression of people of color
Osayande ’10 Ewuare, political activist, poet and author of several books including Misogyny and the Emcee: Sex, Race and Hip Hop; co-founder and director of POWER (People Organized Working to Eradicate Racism), a liberatory learning initiative that educates and empowers persons and organizations interested in and involved in anti-racist social justice movements, Dec 22,  http://www.peopleofcolororganize.com/analysis/word-wise-unpacking-white-privilege-tim-wise/
What this fascination fails to take into consideration is the fact that white people have been speaking out against racial oppression since the first slave ships docked in the colony of Virginia. 

Well, it seems these days that that same internalized oppression is at play in some who believe that the white man’s anti-racist analysis is more accurate than our own.

Moreover, to understand prisoner abuses as exceptional is to promote a faith in the very system of law from which these abuses necessarily spring.  The 1AC is a sensationalization of an endemic problem, a treatment of torture that pushes it away, into some despotic other place like Iraq or Cuba, and a futile attempt to produce some false moral boundary against which punishment must not cross.  These gestures, based as they are on a radical misunderstanding of the normative function of prison violence, are apologies for the American Carceral and its attendant discipline, silence and total dehuminzation 

Whitmer, Ethnic Studies teacher at the University of Colorado, 2006 Benjamin, “Torture Chambers and Rape Rooms: What Abu Ghraib Can Tell Us About the American Carceral System,” CR: New Centennial Review 6.1, p. 190-192

Predictably, we have heard more of the brutality in Abu Ghraib in the last year than we have heard of in prisons internal to the United States in the last decade. In both cases, the carceral relies on the forced silence of the imprisoned, with freedom of speech being one of many constitutional rights revoked.

. It is too greatly intertwined with the interests of capital, from the Foucaultian understanding that the social system itself is only a replication of the carceral: to the nation-building processes of slavery and wage- slavery

. No matter how many stories are to come out of Abu Ghraib telling of the rape, murder, and torture of kidnapped Arabs, the world is not going to forget that the United States is a nation of laws, deeply committed to individual liberty and human rights. 

  --
      New 

Impact debate--

We outweigh, THE WORLD HAS ALREADY ENDED for people of color and that our focus on mere survivability ignores that nuclear holocaust is waged on a daily basis against non-white bodies, only our praxis solves.- Omolade 1984 Barbara, Calvin College’s first dean of multicultural affairs, “Women of Color and the Nuclear Holocaust,” Women’s Studies Quarterly vol. 12, No. 2.

To raise these issues effectively, the movement for nuclear disarmament must overcome its reluctance to speak in terms of power, of institutional racism, and imperialist military terror. 

These struggles are not abstractions, but the only means by which we have gained the ability to eat and to provide for the future of our people.
?

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Vanderbilt SW | Judge: Cook, Taylor, Corrigan

1NC

framing" is the standard by which the 1AC should be evaluated - 1AC only superficially addresses climate change – the crux of the issue isn’t whether warming is occurring or how bad it might be, but rather the ways in which climate change is a product of historical exploitation and injustice – AFF exemplifies the privileged elites who only conceive of reforms that maintain their current lifestyle, independent reason to refuse the Aff
Park ’9 ~Angela, founder and exec dir – Diversity Matters, frmr dir. of communications, constituency development, and sustainable communities policy at the President’s Council on Sustainable Development; coordinated state-level sustainable development initiatives at the Center for Policy Alternatives; and co-founded and served as deputy director of the Environmental Leadership Program; and research fellow for Environmental Support Center, "Everybody’s Movement: Environmental Justice and Climate Change," December, http://envsc.org/esc-publications/ESC20everybody20s20movement.pdf~~
The frame we bring to climate change discussions determines how we define the problem, what solutions we support, and which people we see as leaders and stakeholders

The affirmative naturalizes the coercive racial politics at the heart of warming by universalizing its source and projecting its impacts far into the future generations.  The affirmative only notices warming when it might destroy white bodies, invisibilizing millions of non-whites already killed.
Wynter 7
(Sylvia, Professor Emeritus in Spanish and Romance Languages at Stanford University, "The Human being as noun? Or being human as praxis? Towards the Autopoietic turn/overturn: A Manifesto," otl2.wikispaces.com/file/view/The+Autopoetic+Turn.pdf) 

For if, as Time magazine reported in January 2007 (Epigraph 2), a U.N. Intergovernmental panel of Natural Scientists, were soon to release "a smoking-gun report which confirms that human activities are to blame for global warming" (

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Vanderbilt SW | Judge: Cook, Taylor, Corrigan

1NC

The 1AC uses the grammar of the Settler Master. This mystifies the foundations of American ethico-political formations and crowds out the grammar of Redness and Blackness, intensifying the genocidal state of emergency. The ethico-political should start from: a question of black thought
Wilderson 10 ~Frank B. III, Ph.D., Associate Professor at UC Irvine, former ANC member, "on some guerilla shit", Red, White 26 Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, pages 29-31, OG~

The three structuring positions of the United States (Whites, Indians, Blacks) are elaborated by a rubric of three demands: the (White) demand for expansion, the (Indian) demand for return of the land, and the (Black) demand for "flesh" reparation (Spillers). 

Their simulated use of the USFG as an actor is unethical because it replicates anti-Blackness and destroys agency
Reid-Brinkley 8 ~Shanara Reid-Brinkley, Rhetoric PhD 26 Prof @ Pitt, and the most competitively successful black woman in CEDA history, THE HARSH REALITIES OF "ACTING BLACK": HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE~

Mitchell observes that the stance of the policymaker in debate comes with a "sense of detachment associated with the spectator posture."

The libidinal economy of anti-Black terror sustains Human community within negrophobia/philla and fragments the Black psych into that of perpetual conflict.
Wilderson 11 (Frank, PhD, Associate Professor, African American Studies Dept., UC Irvine, "The Vengeance of Vertigo: Aphasia and Abjection in the Political Trials of Black Insurgents", InTensions, Vol 5, Acc: 02/03/12, OG)
Ritual murders which purge White aggressivity subtend Bukhari’s impeded mourning and my dissembling scholarship, despite the fact that the filial cleansing and affilial stability proffered by the Black imago’s intrusion as a phobic object does not cut both ways. 

Intra-settler advocacy of legal reform ignores the inability to account for black incoherency within civil society. The 1AC is nothing more than an affirmation of the status quo
Kandaswamy 12
Priya, ’ Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Mills College, "THE OBLIGATIONS OF FREEDOM AND THE LIMITS OF LEGAL EQUALITY", SOUTHWESTERN LA W REVIEW, vol 41)

Despite a vast array of critiques that have elucidated the ways in which the U.S. state is deeply invested in maintaining social relations of racism, capitalism, and heteropatriarchy, it is still quite commonplace to assume that to remedy social injustices one must turn first to the law. 

Vote negative to refuse the affirmative policy - In lieu of America, as an unethical settler empire, we must mourn and fight for the end of America as an entity. Focus on using national policies legitimizes the national project
Wilderson 8 
(Frank B. III, Ph.D., Associate Professor at UC Irvine, former African National Congress member, Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid, pages 434-435) og

This national pageantry of mourning to which we are all being called is no more than an alibi for a patriotism that will consolidate the forces necessary to further militarize society. 

1NR

Perm doesn’t solve, there is no "other instance", the call for the aff IS the instance of the world we are called to refuse  - fundamentally misunderstands the structural analysis of our argument

The permutation deploys the logic of white individualism by attempting to dislodge the affirmative from its culpability in structures of domination, this is a strategy of white comfortability
DiAngelo 6 ~Robin, Assistant professor at Westfield State College, "White Fragility in Racial Dialogues," Inclusion in Urban Educational Environments: Addressing Issues of Diversity, Equity, and Social Justice, edited by Denise E. Armstrong and Brenda J McMahon, page 216-217~
At the same time that Whites are taught to see their interests and perspectives as universal, they are also taught to value the individual and to see themselves as individuals rather than as part of a racially socialized group (Bonilla-Silva, 2003; McIntosh, 1988).  

We can’t work within a system of euro-centric dominance because law is euro-centric which makes it an extension of white supremacy’s tentacles as it seeks to extend it’s power around the globe. Law is the invisible extension of the American global nation building project that seeks to manage the casualties of domestic warfare. This is why a radical rejection of the law is required even if it makes us outlaws in the face of legality.
Nunn 1997 ~Kenneth B., Professor of Law, University of Florida College of Law, "Law as a Eurocentric enterprise," Law and Inequality, 15 Law 26 Ineq. J. 323~
 European colonizers dominated the majority peoples of the world, took their land, and destroyed or corrupted their cultures. 

Court  based solution to solve for Global Warming will fail as long as the capitalist system is still in existence – AFF delays radical change, it is try or die, must affirm alternative political communities to address climate change.
Gelederloos 10
(Anarchy Works, Peter Gelderloos, 2010 http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-gelderloos-anarchy-works)
When it comes to protecting the environment, nearly any social system would be better than the one we have now.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Texas ChMa | Judge: Kelsie
Secularism K
All claims made within the 1AC should be held suspect and non-falsifiable  -- the imperial domination of the west comes at the expense of black/Islamic knowledge which functions as epistemic racism. It seeks to dominate the world and this debate space with narrative of truth and justice when it doesn’t have a foundation or empirical history of such action. Vote neg to remove the veil
Grosfoguel 12
Ramon, PhD – Prof of Chicano/Latino Studies @ Berkeley, “The Multiple Faces of Islamophobia,” Islamophobia Studies Journal, Spring pp9-33 

Occidentalism created the ….. easy association with¶ "terrorism" and representation as "terrorist."

The AFF’s secular approach to knowledge reinforces a Eurocentric knowledge. The Impact is systemic cultural annihilation.
Munck 99
 (Ronaldo P. Munck is a professor of sociology at Dublin City University, Denis O'Hearn was trained as an economist and sociologist at the University of Michigan,  Critical Development Theory: Contributions to a New Paradigm by Ronaldo Munck and Denis O’Hearn, pg 48 to 49)
Western ideas of freedom ….. intrinsic role in development. 

Forty years after Congress increased statutory restrictions on Presidential war power authority we still live in a world of drone strikes. And six years after US voters elected a Black Democrat as a rejection of the imperialist foreign policy of the White Republican Commander in Chief, Brown and Black Bodies around the world, including in these United States, in these DEBATES, still face the threat of extinction. And yet CEDA/NDT Debate continues to operate under the naïve assumption that rigid adherence to narrow role-playing frameworks is the only way to educate ourselves and change our world. 

The imperialist wolf of the empire seeks approval and perceptual benevolence while continuing the rampage and course of destruction of the non-white body. Embodying the spirit of Brother Malcolm/Muslim international knowledge is necessary toward removing the veil of ignorance from the mind/political to debunk the intentional narrative of disconnection between the black domestic body and black international body abroad.  
Daulatzai 12
(Sohail, Born at the Af-Pak border and raised in L.A. near the U.S-Mexico border, Sohail Daulatzai writes about race, culture, and politics, Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies and the Program in African American Studies at the University of California, Irvine, BLACK STAR, CRESCENT MOON The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America, Kindle Edition, p.189-90)

GUANTÁNAMO IS STILL OPEN. ….. European and American dominion over the globe.

Our responsibility is to use this educational classroom space not for mock roleplay debates, but rather to challenge these violent performances of racism and Islamophobia
Zaal 12
(Mayida Zaal is an assistant professor at Montclair State University, “Islamophobia in Classrooms, Media, and Politics”, Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 55(6), March, doi:10.1002/JAAL00066)

In previously conducted research, ….. readers of their world.
Vote Negative as an act of refusal of the affirmative - Only embracing the position of the Muslim International can craft powerful platforms of rhetorical rebellion against white supremacy and u.s state power.
Daulatzai 12
(Sohail, Born at the Af-Pak border and raised in L.A. near the U.S-Mexico border, Sohail Daulatzai writes about race, culture, and politics, Associate Professor in the Department of Film and Media Studies and the Program in African American Studies at the University of California, Irvine, BLACK STAR, CRESCENT MOON The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America, Kindle Edition, p.xxii -xxv )

In exploring and revealing …… productive sites toward power's undoing.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bard | Judge: Diamond
The AFF isn’t radical, just radically naive – their claims to be so different from traditional practices only mask their codependent relationship with debate hierarchy – propping up the very system they claim to tear down,
Stroube ‘1 Jack, frmr UT-Austin debater and TOC finalist at St Marks, www.ndtceda.com/acrhives/2001/10/0301.htm
  All of their impacts are non-unique AND empirically denied – the only purpose served by their advocacy now is to prop up the systems of thought and argumentation they think they are railing against - the belief that ballots in individual debates create change trades off with institutional/structural change
Stroube ‘1 Jack, frmr UT-Austin debater and TOC finalist at St Marks, 11-27, www.ndtceda.com/acrhives/2001/11/2701.htm

Vote negative often and always - Our alt of challenging the format itself is a superior critical advocacy position
Stroube ‘1 Jack, frmr UT-Austin debater and TOC finalist at St Marks, 11-27, www.ndtceda.com/acrhives/2001/11/2701.htm