Tournament: Weber RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: UMKC JC | Judge: Matt Munday
The United States federal government should amend the War Powers Resolution to prohibit targeted killing in every country except Afghanistan under the war powers authority of the President of the United States.

Targeted killing in Afghanistan is key to maintain stability
Riedel, Bruce. Director of the Brookings Intelligence Project, fellow in the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, senior advisor to presidents on South as and the Middle East. January 29th, 2013.  Avoiding Armageddon: America, India, and Pakistan to the Brink and Back. Pg. 269 271 

To effectively promote and encourage border stabilization
AND
accommodation with the legitimate government in Kabul. 

This instability spills over to Central Asia --- causes conflict that draws in Russia
Paul Goble 10, Georgian Daily, “Afghan Conflict Spreading into Central Asia, Russian Analyst Says”, 1-14, http://georgiandaily.com/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=viewandid=16458andItemid=65 

Because NATO has chosen to
AND
“inevitably” Russia will be drawn in as well.

Tournament: Weber RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Wyoming MP | Judge: Donny Peters
Fighting dehumanization by humanizing victims will always fail. Shifting away from the anthropocentric “human specialness” view is key to solve violence against humans and non-humans.
Deckha 10 (Maneesha, Associate Professor at the University of Victoria Faculty of Law in Victoria, Canada. “The Subhuman as a Cultural Agent of Violence.”  Journal For Critical Animal Studies, Volume VIII, Issue 3, 2010. pp. 47-48. –Veeder)

That the human/subhuman binary continues
AND
their dehumanization, but nonhumans as well.

The ethical irresponsibility of speciesism produces constant, unspeakable violence
Kochi and Ordan ‘8 Tarik Kochi and Noam Ordan, “An Argument for the Global Suicide of Humanity,” borderlands, vol. 7 no. 3, 2008, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf

Within the picture many paint
AND
or dialectical standpoint in thought.

Text: Vote negative to refuse the speciesist ethic of the 1AC.

The aff’s ethical insufficiency is prior to its consequential benefits. Rejecting speciesism is essential to opening better ways of relating to other beings
Smith ’11 Mick Smith, Against Ecological Sovereignty, University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, 2011, p. 44-45

Leaving aside for the moment the question
and
nonhuman in an economy of the Same.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 3 | Opponent: SFSUIrvine | Judge: Lindsay Vanluvanee
The harms of the 1AC are merely subsets of an unawakened anxiety that exists at our core
Loy, 3
(David Robert Loy is a professor, writer, and Zen teacher in the Sanbo Kyodan tradition of Japanese Zen Buddhism. "The Great Awakening" pg. 19-20) Henge
"Suffering," the usual English translation for dukkha, is not very enlightening,
AND
lurk around every corner, because any little accident could be our last.

This anxious egoism makes violence inevitable
Ikeda 07 (Daisaku Ikeda President, Soka Gakkai International January 26, 2007 "Restoring the Human Connection: The First Step to Global Peace" http://www.sgi-usa.org/newsandevents/docs/peace2007.pdf) Dabo
The challenge of preventing any further proliferation of nuclear weapons is just such a trial
AND
certain sense makes inevitable the birth of such demonic progeny as nuclear weapons.

Vote negative to shed the ego
This is a path of self-transformation that recognizes the interpermeation of all beings
Loy, 3
(David Robert Loy is a professor, writer, and Zen teacher in the Sanbo Kyodan tradition of Japanese Zen Buddhism. "The Great Awakening" pg. 4-6) Henge
In contrast, the early Buddhist teachings focus almost exclusively on the path of self
AND
, that Indian thought never felt the Western need to differentiate between them.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: UNLV KK | Judge: Mike Weitz
Budget proposal will pass – political focus key
Cohen 9/26/13 Tom Cohen, CNN Thu September 26, 2013 Boehner signals GOP focus now on debt ceiling http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/26/politics/shutdown-showdown/?hpt=po_c1) MT
In the Senate, tea party conservatives led by GOP Sen. Ted Cruz
AND
in its original form -- would defund programs under the Affordable Care Act.

Restricting presidential war powers crushes credibility with congress and causes debt ceiling not to pass
Seeking Alpha 9/10/13 Seeking Profits 2013 -  Syria Could Upend Debt Ceiling Fight
Sep 10 2013 http://seekingalpha.com/article/1684082-syria-could-upend-debt-ceiling-fight MT
Unless President Obama can totally change
AND
.obligations unless another last minute deal can be struck. 

Failure to solve budget crisis causes economic collapse
Davidson 9/10 Adam, co-founder of NPR’s and#34;Planet Money,and#34; Our Debt to Society, New York Times, 9/10/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=all MT
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall
AND
we’ve seen in the past several years
Economic collapse causes nuclear war
Royal ‘10
(director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215) 

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline
AND
economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: Gonzaga CK | Judge: DiPiazza, Philip
The aff is the WRONG focus. The oppression of women is not an ahistorical product of patriarchy. Rather, it is the historical production of the emergence of a classed society founded on the logic of surplus accumulation.
CLOUD (Prof. Comm at UT) 2003
Dana, “Marxism and Oppression”, Talk for Regional Socialist Conference, April 19, 2003, p. online
In order to challenge oppression, it is important
AND
us to fight each other rather than organizing together.

THE DETERMINISM OF CAPITAL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INSTRUMENTALIZATION OF ALL LIFE—IT IS THIS LOGIC THAT MOBILIZES AND ALLOWS FOR ALL OPPRESSION
DYER-WITHERFORD (professor of Library and Info. Sciences at the U of Western Ontario) 1999
Nick. Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism.
For capitalism, the use of machines as organs of “will over nature
AND
. The degree to which this project of mastery has backfired is all too obvious.

Vote negative to embrace the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC

GROUNDING SITES OF CONTESTATION OR KNOWLEDGE OUTSIDE OF LABOR AND SURPLUS VALUE MERELY SERVE TO HUMANIZE CAPITAL AND PREVENT A TRANSITION TO A SOCIETY BEYOND OPPRESSION
TUMINO (Prof. English @ Pitt) 2001
Stephen, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critique, p. online
Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things:
AND
("knowledge work") that masquerades as social theory.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wyoming JF | Judge: Ravi Rao
Obama pushing debt ceiling now – political  capital is key
Pace 9/12 Julie, AP White House correspondent, Syria debate on hold, Obama refocuses on agenda, The Fresno Bee, 9/12/13, http://www.fresnobee.com/2013/09/12/3493538/obama-seeks-to-focus-on-domestic.html
WASHINGTON — With a military strike against Syria on holD
AND
Thursday said the GOP will insist on curbing spending

Pres war powers popular in Congress—plan causes backlash
Kenny, 13
(Jack, writer for The New American, "Congress Looks to Revise, Expand President's War Powers", June 4, www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/constitution/item/15616-congress-looks-to-revise-expand-president-s-war-powers
But change in what direction? Sen. Lindsey Graham
AND
The Executive should be able to repel and not to commence war."

Failure to raise the debt ceiling causes economic collapse
Davidson 9/10 Adam, co-founder of NPR’s "Planet Money," Our Debt to Society, New York Times, 9/10/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=all
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall some serious financial decisions will have to be made
AND
economy would collapse far worse than anything we’ve seen in the past several years

Economic collapse causes nuclear war
Royal ‘10
(director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflicT
AND
prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

Tournament: Weber RR | Round: 6 | Opponent: UNT AK | Judge: Josh Miller
The 1AC’s approach to decolonization  is an anti-dentificaiton with the oppressive structures they criticize. They don’t tell you what they are, they tell you what they’re not – this dooms their strategy to failure.
Muñoz 99 (José Estabon, Professor of Performance arts at NYU, Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics, p. 11-2, )IAA

The theory of disidentification that I am offering
AND
local everyday struggles of resistance.

Turns the case – anti-dentifications cause violent assimilation
Muñoz 99 (José Estabon, Professor of Performance arts at NYU, Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics, p. 95)IAA

The toll is one that subjects who attemp
AND
the limits prescribed by the dominant culture

Self-abnegation is the biggest impact – minorities become no one in the process of assimilation
Foss, Foss, and Griffin, 99 (Karen A. Sonja K., and Cindy L., Feminist Rhetorical Theories, p. 107)

The psychic restlessness imposed by the
AND
we are zero, nothing, no one”.

Vote negative to disidentify with the affirmative’s call for the ballot

Disidentification is the best response to systemic violence
Muñoz 99 (José Estabon, Professor of Performance arts at NYU, Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics, p. 31, )IAA

By "limits" I mean something other than failures. Instead
AND
to narratives of universalization and normalization.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 7 | Opponent: Liberty AB | Judge: Alex McVey
The United States Federal Government should increase restrictions on the war powers authority of the President by requiring that the President acquire the approval of the Pakistani government for drone strikes within Pakistan

We should use the word “drones” to remind us of the real danger of robotic weaponry
Port in 2013
(Rob, finalist for the Watch Dog of the Year from the Sam Adams Alliance and winner of the Americans For Prosperity Award for Online Excellence, “The Proponents Of Drones Want You To Stop Calling Them Drones”, http://sayanythingblog.com/entry/the-proponents-of-drones-want-you-to-stop-calling-them-drones/, rcheek)

Mr. Regenhard suggests
AND
technology is very, very real.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cal Berkeley EM | Judge: Lundeen, Weitz, Erika Thompson
Text: The President of the United States should restrain his use of war power by not continuing  the detention of personnel that have successfully won a habeas corpus hearing.

Restraint solves – exec shows initiative to stop squo use of AUMF, solves unending war
Kaper 13 (Stacy, “How to restrict the presidents power to wage war,” National Journal, 036042167, 6/15/2013)IAA
In the first major counterterrorism speech of his second term
AND
don't have to show that it is tied to al-Qaida."¶

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: UTD GL | Judge: Tews
First, criticizing Obama for his drone policy ignores the broader history of white supremacist violence and is complicit in a racist system of privilege that oppresses marginalized communities every single day

Lawyer in 2013
(Rad-Femme, practicing litigator living in Chicago, “Drone Policy is the Most Important Racism”, http://thisweekinblackness.com/2013/07/25/drone-policy-is-the-most-important-racism/, rcheek)

Salon’s arc of fail last week began with David Sirota’s meditation that “we are
AND
them as such. Remind me how that, itself, isn’t racist?
And, Racism is the root cause of violence
Foucault 76 (Michel, Society Must be Defended: Lectures at the College de France, 1975-1976, p. 254-257 Trans. David Macey, MV)

What in fact is racism? It is primarily a way of introducing a break
AND
half of the nineteenth century), except by activating the theme of racism.
The alternative is to vote negative to speak out against the racism embedded in the 1AC criticism of Obama’s drone policy.
Only by speaking out against racism can we hope to eliminate it. Privileging their exaggerated impact scenarios sustains the dominant structures that make institutional racism inevitable

IRC in 2006
(InterReligious Council of Central New York, http://www.irccny.org/programs/cwd/racism/fr_session5.php, rcheek)

According to this view, we must work to improve racial understanding, end prejudice
AND
carefully at our institutions, and make the needed changes at all levels.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: Gonzaga CK | Judge: DiPiazza, Philip
The aff must defend the instrumental enactment of a policy proposal by the United States federal government—their failure to do so prevents effective dialectical discussion by being outside the pre-designed game scenarios we’re asked to debate
Hanghøj 2008 (Thorkild Hanghøj PhD, author affiliated with Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials PLAYFUL KNOWLEDGE An Explorative Study of Educational Gaming http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf ) MT
Debate games are often based on pre-designed
AND
should be dialogue as an end in itself” (Wegerif, 2006: 61).

And, debating over controversial issues is key to learn about political activism—their non-falsifiable moral claims lead to a subjective view of politics that can never solve
Steinberg and Freeley 2008
(David L Steinberg is a professor of communication studies – University of Miami, and Austin J Freeley is a  criminal, civil rights law, and personal injury attorney., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pg.3-4 ) MT
Debate is a means of settling difference
AND
which will be outlined in the following discussion.

And, absent traditional political simulations we become passive spectators—
Joyner 1999 – Christopher C Joyner Professor of International Law in the Government Department at Georgetown University Spring, 1999 5 ILSA J Int'l and Comp L 377 ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law
Use of the debate can be an effective pedagogical tool for education
AND
the real world of policy analysis political critique, and legal defense.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 3 | Opponent: SFSUIrvine | Judge: Lindsay Vanluvanee
The term illegal alien dehumanizes and essentializes the immigrant experience that justifies violence against immigrants
Haque-Hausrath 08  Shahid Haque-Hausrath is an attorney that dedicates his practice to helping immigrants obtain legal status in the United States; http://www.nohumanbeingisillegal.com/Home.html//BlackMagic

One can rarely enter into a discussion..
AND
..and avoid using the term "illegal alien."

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Florida | Judge: Nick Siullo
Deal has momentum now – key time to act
MICHAEL R. GORDON 11/15/13 Compromise May Be Near for Iran Nuclear Deal, U.S. Official Says http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/16/world/middleeast/solution-may-be-near-for-iran-nuclear-deal-us-official-says.html?_r=0 mt

A senior Obama administration official said
AND
found on Iran’s claim of a right to enrich uranium.’

Plan causes Obama to fighting to defend his war power- this saps Obama’s capital, trading off with rest of agenda
Kriner, 10 --- assistant professor of political science at Boston University
(Douglas L. Kriner, “After the Rubicon: Congress, Presidents, and the Politics of Waging War”, University of Chicago Press, Dec 1, 2010, page 68-69)

While congressional support leave
AND
stood behind him in the international arena. 

Obama must get the political capital to pass sanctions to prevent an Iranian nuclear proliferation
Mousavian 10/18/13 (Seyed Hossein, Ambassador Seyed Hossein Mousavian is Research Scholar in the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University. He served as head of the Foreign Relations Committee of Iran’s National Security Council from 1997 to 2005 and spokesperson of Iran’s nuclear file 2003 to 2005, "The road to finalizing a nuclear deal with Iran," Al Jazeera America, http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/18/iran-nuclear-talksgenevauraniumenrichment.html) MT

On Tuesday and Wednesday, representatives
AND
political capital to end sanctions.

Iran prolif causes global nuclear war
Kroenig ’12 Matthew Kroenig, Council on Foreign Relations Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow and Georgetown University assistant professor of government, “The History of Proliferation Optimism:  Does It Have A Future?” Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 5/26/2012, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182andtid=30

Currently, Iran restrains its
AND
in a catastrophic nuclear exchange.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 3 | Opponent: Texas JB | Judge: Ryan Wash
First, criticizing Obama for his drone policy ignores the broader history of white supremacist violence and is complicit in a racist system of privilege that oppresses marginalized communities every single day
Lawyer in 2013
(Rad-Femme, practicing litigator living in Chicago, “Drone Policy is the Most Important Racism”, http://thisweekinblackness.com/2013/07/25/drone-policy-is-the-most-important-racism/, rcheek)

Salon’s arc of fail last week
AND
how that, itself, isn’t racist?

And, the secularist framing of the aff collapses into relativism. It’s a disenchantment with nature, a desacralization of politics, and a deconsecration of values. Their immanent metaphysics renders all impacts meaningless.
Al-Attas 93 Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas; a prominent contemporary Muslim philosopher and thinker from Malaysia;  M.A. degree with distinction in Islamic philosophy in 1962, Ph.D  School of Oriental and African Studies @ University of London: Founder of International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization and University Professor of Islamic Thought and Civilization; “islam and Secularism” BlackMagic

Secularization is defined as the
AND
in man in time and in history.

The alternative is to embrace l? ?il?ha ?ill? -ll?h, mu?ammadun ras?lu –ll?h

In order to reach an true unity we must embrace a transcendental ethic—rather than attempting to reverse whiteness we must center community around the oneness of God and creation
Salahuddin 1995 Abubakr Ben Ishmael Salahuddin ; black American religious author“The Afrocentric Myth or Islam: The Liberator of the American People”BlackMagic 

If a homogenous nation of 1.2 billion
AND
 many non-Caucasians suffer from also.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cal Berkeley EM | Judge: Lundeen, Weitz, Erika Thompson
Affirmative action ban in Schuette will not be overturned now—Kennedy’s the key vote
Gringlas and Shahin 13 Sam and Peter, Staff Reporters, “Ann Arbor reacts to monumental Supreme Court decisions”, 6-26-13, The Michigan Daily,
http://www.michigandaily.com/news/supreme-court-same-sex-marriage-0?page=0,2 c.shack
While the case concerns the legality of Michigan’s ban on affirmative action
AND
difficult to imagine the Supreme Court striking down the referendum in Schuette.”

Liberal Court decisions cause public pressure in response and opposing state movements—link turns the case
Virginia School of Law 10 Cites findings from Klarman, the Kirkland and Ellis Professor of Law at Harvard and a former professor at Virginia, presented “The Supreme Court, Social Change, and Political Backlash,” on Nov. 16 in Caplin Pavilion. “Controversial Court Decisions Sometimes Create Backlash, Klarman Says” Nov. 22, 2010 http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2010_fall/klarman.htm c.shack
Landmark court decisions on contentious social issues
AND
the long term not advance your political agenda,” he said 

Kennedy is extremely susceptible to public opinion and would switch vote
Baum and Devin 10 Lawrence and Neal, College of William and Mary Law School William and Mary Law School Scholarship Repository “Why the Supreme Court Cares About Elites, Not the American People” http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2149andcontext=facpubs c.shack
The media’s in?uence in shaping the Justices’ decision making is something¶ that
AND
more interested in press and academic commentary about¶ the Court.

Affirmative action is worse for minorities and harms the economy—prevents key workers from graduation
NYT, 13
(New York Times; Dan Slater is a lawyer. “Does Affirmative Action Do What It Should?” http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/does-affirmative-action-do-what-it-should.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0) Henge
WHAT’S more important to how your life turns out: the prestige
AND
suggest it’s worth a closer, numbers-based look at the consequences, for everyone.

Studies prove decline causes war
Royal ‘10
(director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the
AND
economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 6 | Opponent: Emporia HS | Judge: Erika Thompson
The Justice system is racist and Islamophobic. Muslims accused of terrorism are presumed guilty and subjected to dehumanizing conditions and torture in the American prisons they would send them to. That turns the aff.

Brittain in 2013
(Victoria, journalist and former editor at the Guardian, “U.S. Muslims guilty until proven innocent”, http://www.islamophobiatoday.com/2013/06/10/u-s-muslims-guilty-until-proven-innocent/, rcheek)

A four-month hunger strike

AND
gain the attention they deserve.

And, focusing on indefinite detention ignores the systemic violence experienced by millions in prisons across the democratic world

Johns in 2005
(Fleur, Lecturer, University of Sydney Faculty of Law, Sydney, Australia, “Guantánamo Bay and the Annihilation of the Exception”, http://ejil.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/4/613.full, rcheek)

In arguing against Agamben and others that the experience of the exception anticipated by Schmitt
AND
immigrants in the most informal and vulnerable sectors of the contemporary economy.99
The alternative is to reject the aff’s reliance on Islamophobic law.
The classroom space of debate is a unique site for the production of Islamophobia. As an educator, you have a responsibility to deconstruct these stereotypes and reinforce anti-oppressive attitudes. 

Zaal in 2012
(Mayida, assistant professor at Montclair State University, “Islamophobia in Classrooms, Media, and Politics”, Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 55(6), doi:10.1002/JAAL.00066, rcheek)

Becky and Aysha’s story was brought to my attention when Aysha’s parents sought ¶ guidance
AND
environments in which students can engage as critical ¶ readers of their world.

Tournament: USC | Round: 4 | Opponent: UNLV JS | Judge: Lee Thach
Justifications for maintaining targeted killing programs in any form operate under an colonialist meta-narrative that Otherizes Muslims and delegitimize their humanity—the only reason they are taking a stance now is because it has the potential of harming whites
Greenwald in 2013
(Glenn, former constitutional lawyer and columnist on civil liberties and US national security issues for the Guardian, “The racism that fuels the 'war on terror'”, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/25/racism-war-on-terror-awlaki, rcheek)

What can explain this obvious discrepancy?
AND
permitted to continue for so long.

When the privilege of the intellectual is utilized in “service” of the oppressed in debate and other forums of knowledge production, it inevitably only serves to maintain and securitize that position in dominant power structures. To counter this, radical measures must be taken
Maduro 11, Otto, Latino philosopher and sociologist of religion at Drew University _{“Decolonizing Epistemologies” Chapter “An(Other) Invitation to Epistemological Humility” Fordham University Press, November 2011}

No wonder, symmetrically, that, for their part
AND
the necessary collective measures to counter it.

The alternative is to embrace tawheed and muhasaba as a counter to the colonization of the 1AC
Islamic self-examination and transcendence is key to epistemic decolonization
Craun 13 Dustin Craun writer, community organizer, an anti-racist educator and a communications strategist. "Exploring Pluriversal Paths Toward Transmodernity: From the Mind-Centered Egolatry of Colonial Modernity to Islam’s Epistemic Decolonization through the Heart." Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge 11.1 (2013): 9.Blackmagic

Despite the modernist reformers’ arrogance
AND
alliance and solidarity with Muslims throughout the world

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: UTD GL | Judge: Tews
CP
Text: The President of the United States should issue a Presidential Policy Directive that restricts the presidents targeting authority in non-international armed conflict to individuals who are members of arganized armed groups of a non-state party engaged in hostilities
PPDs become part of the law but they remain secret—not perceived in Congress
Bewig, 7-15-13
(Matt Bewig, Graduate Student in History at the University of Florida. “Obama Administration Hiding Details of Presidential Policy Directives” http://www.allgov.com/news/controversies/obama-administration-hiding-details-of-presidential-policy-directives-130715?news=850563) Henge
Despite promising the most transparent administration in history, the Obama White House has actually
AND
directives were publicly available, their successor directives from President Obama are not.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: UNLV KK | Judge: Mike Weitz
First, policymaking methods are structured by the assumptions of white, male elites. Their analysis is predicated on an instrumental rationality that glosses over gender, race, class and sexuality as being tied to the prevailing relations of power and systemic oppression

Shaw in 2004
(Kathleen M., “Using Feminist Critical Policy Analysis in the Realm of Higher Education: The Case of Welfare Reform as Gendered Educational Policy”, Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 75, Issue 1, rcheek)

Feminist critical policy analysis has been...
AND
..actually tied to prevailing relations of powerand#34; (1997a, p. 3).
And, roleplaying a state policymaker colludes with an imperialist agenda that maintains status quo power, privilege, and oppression by distancing debaters from real world participation in the political contexts we debate about. 

Reid-Brinkley in 2008
(Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley, University of Pittsburgh Department of Communications, “THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE” 2008)

Mitchell observes that the stance of the policymaker
AND
the more “objective” stance of the “policymaker” and require their opponents to do the same.
The alternative is to reject policymaking.
Their method reproduces exceptionalist violence and oppression.  Vote negative to join a revolution in debate capable of instigating the critical consciousness necessary to avert immanent global disaster.
Spanos in 2004
(William V., professor @ Binghamton, printed in Joe Millers’ book “Cross-X” (pg. 467) 2004 and on edebate)

Dear Joe MIller, Yes, the statement about the American debate
and
Bush Administration and his neocon policy makers is leading.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: UTDGL | Judge: Tews
CIR will pass, big business support
Kelly 9/12 (Dominic, Reporter, Opposing Views, “Major Companies Urge Government To Pass Immigration Reform In Order To Hire Cheaper Labor, Yet Continue To Lay Off Millions Of American Workers”, http://www.opposingviews.com/i/politics/immigration/major-companies-urge-government-pass-immigration-reform-order-hire-cheaper#) AO
More than 100 major companies have written a letter to House Speaker John Boehner and
AND
field for U.S. employers. We can’t afford to wait.”

Congress supports the use of drones.
Rayfield 2/11 (Jillian, Assistant News Editor focused on politics, Salon, “Congress takes sides on drones”, http://www.salon.com/2013/02/11/congress_takes_sides_on_drones/) AO
Unconditional Defenders: House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Rogers, R-Mich., called
AND
people? I believe that it’s a job for the Department of Defense.”
Political capital is key to passing CIR
Foster 7/25/13 Charles C. Foster, Attorney Posted: 07/25/2013 Immigration Reform: Too Early To Start Planning? http://www.abcactionnews.com/dpp/marketplace/law_tv/immigration-reform-too-early-to-start-planning) MT
At this stage, it’s too early to predict, but it is somewhat likely
AND
, in particular, in the Republican Caucus that could derail the prospects. 

Immigration is key to Cyber Security
McLarty 09 (Thomas, (Council on Foreign Relations), July 8, 2009.  Retrieved May 29, 2013 from  http://www.cfr.org/immigration/us-immigration-policy-report-cfr-sponsored-independent-task-force/p19759)

We have seen, when you look at the table of the top 20 firms
AND
going to strengthen, I think, our system, our security needs. 

Cyber-strike escalates to nuclear war
Lawson 9 (Sean - assistant professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Utah, Cross-Domain Response to Cyber Attacks and the Threat of Conflict, 5/13, http://www.seanlawson.net/?p=477)
At a time when it seems impossible to avoid the seemingly growing hysteria over the
AND
lethal agent is regarded with the same or greater seriousness.” 7

Tournament: Weber RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Whitman LT | Judge: Mike Bausch
First, death is a predetermined inevitability that is futile to prevent. The aff’s fear of mortal finitude is the mark of non-believers. Instead, we must orient ourselves through a transcendent faith in God who gives both our lives and deaths meaning.  
Yayha 13  Harun Yahya Turkish Islamic author; “Death Is Not the End”; http://www.new-muslims.info/abcs-of-islam/articles-of-faith/death-is-not-the-end/?ModPagespeed=noscript BlackMagic

Every self will taste death.
AND
is Certain comes to you. (Al-Hijr 15:99)

And, the secularist framing of the aff collapses into relativism. It’s a disenchantment with nature, a desacralization of politics, and a deconsecration of values. Their immanent metaphysics renders all impacts meaningless.
Al-Attas 93 Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas; a prominent contemporary Muslim philosopher and thinker from Malaysia;  M.A. degree with distinction in Islamic philosophy in 1962, Ph.D  School of Oriental and African Studies @ University of London: Founder of International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization and University Professor of Islamic Thought and Civilization; “islam and Secularism” BlackMagic

Secularization is defined as the deliverance
AND
incarnate in man in time and in history.

And, secularism is responsible for the most vicious forms of statist oppression.  
Sayyid 04 Bobby S. Sayyid is a Lecturer in Sociology, University of Salford, Manchester. He has previously taught at the Universities of East London, Manchester and Salford; “A Fundamental Fear: Eurocentrism and the Emergence of Islamism”;BlackMagic

Failure of nationalist secular elites.
AND
remains semi-autonomous from the state - the mosque.

The alternative is Islamization

That alternative is mutually exclusive with the secularism of the aff. Only Islamization can solve the immanent devaluation of life.
Al-Attas 93 Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas; a prominent contemporary Muslim philosopher and thinker from Malaysia;  M.A. degree with distinction in Islamic philosophy in 1962, Ph.D  School of Oriental and African Studies @ University of London: Founder of International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization and University Professor of Islamic Thought and Civilization; “islam and Secularism” BlackMagic

Socialism is a separate, secular ideology
AND
or it is also secularization.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cal Berkeley EM | Judge: Lundeen, Weitz, Erika Thompson

1. Interpretation
   War powers are defined as the power of the executive to prosecute war
   Merriam Webster No date (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/war20power)

the power to make war; specifically :  an extraordinary power exercised usually by the executive branch of a government in the prosecution of a war

2. Violation- The Plan text doesn’t specify indefinite detention AND Plantext is extra topical:
Habeas Corpus appeals apply to more than just indefinite detention and war powers, also effects more than just the executive which is Extra T
The free legal dictionary No date (http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/habeas+corpus)
A writ of habeas corpus directs a person
response to imprisonment by the criminal justice system.

3. Standards

A) Extra T-Their advantages are predicated off of extra topical action which explodes the neg research burden infinitely.  That uniquely decreases limits. 

B) Ground- extra topical advantages stem from areas of ground which compose the non-resolution which is where negative counterplan ground comes from. And they can utilize extra-topical planks to spike out any disadvantage which the negative team can run.  

C) Topic Specific Education- The purpose of the debate resolution is to
define an area in which education for the year will take place. Affirmative's advocacy of
extra topical planks decreases the amount resolutional education which we receive.

4. Voters for fairness and education AND

A) Extra T-If an advantage a harm solution stems from an extra topical plan plank, the affirmative has not shown that the topic should be adopted.
B) Evaluate the plantext in a vacuum, it’s the only stable advocacy pre-round. 

5. Don’t let them sever out of extra T actions- Severance bad - invalidates pre round disclosure, makes the aff a moving target, abuse is already done because the 1NC strat is set.

6. Evaluate T under competing interpretations, Reasonability allows judge intervention

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan CH | Judge: Gabrielle Tandet
The United States Federal Government should establish an ex ante judicial review process for murder by drones.

“Targeted killing” is a euphemism that sanitizes and bureaucratizes a policy of sovereign violence and permanent war
Healy 12
(Gene, VP of Cato Inst., "Drone-War Double-Think", http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/dronewar-doublethink)

“Political language,” George Orwell wrote
AND
extended at least another decade.”

Sanitized language makes military reality inevitable – Justifies atrocities like nuclear war
Cohn 87
(Carol, U Mass Boston, Gender Studies, "Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals", http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~rlipsch/pol179/Cohn.pdf)
Mechanisms of the mind's
AND
creating through the discourse

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: UTD GL | Judge: Tews
DA
Terrorist groups have been weakened, but they could bounce back because of recent instability.
Labott, Elise, CNN Foreign Affairs reporter, and Dan Merica, CNN reporter. July 19th, 2013. “Upheavel and the redrawing of the terrorist lines in the Arab world.” CNN. http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/19/upheaval-and-the-redrawing-of-terrorist-lines-in-the-arab-world/ --Veeder
Terrorists today, he said, “have the largest safe haven and area of
AND
the region and less likely to carry out attack within the United States.
Flexibility in counterterrorism policy is key to fighting changing terrorist groups.
Zarate , Juan, former deputy national security adviser for combating terrorism and Thomas Sanderson, co-director of the Transnational Threats Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. August 6th, 2013. “Adapting to terrorism 2.0.” Washington Post. Lexis Nexis. -Veeder
Though the al-Qaida core has been decimated, its regional affiliates have adapted
AND
end, but we can't blind ourselves to the terrorist adaptations already underway.

If extremists were to gain more power , they would seize a nuclear weapon
Costello, Ryan. Policy Fellow at National Iranian American Council, Program Coordinator Fissle Materials Working Group at Connect U.S. Fund, Researcher at Center for the Study of Threat Convergence at the Fund for Peace. 2011. “Threat Convergence in Pakistan.” Fund for Peace.  Pg. 5 --Veeder
Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal and materials represent a ¶ significant ¶ proliferation risk that could become
AND
, as such, remains¶ at significant risk for exploitation and proliferation.
Nuclear terrorism risks global nuclear exchange
Ayson ‘10 Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July 2010, informaworld
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
AND
be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.