Tournament: SacState | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Francisco State PB | Judge: Mark Hernandez

1NC

Human rights necessitate a subhuman other by which liberalism qualifies meaningful lives.  Extending rights to humans or any other species will impede resistance to anthropocentrism

Deckha 10 (Maneesha, Associate Professor at the University of Victoria Faculty of Law in Victoria, Canada. "The Subhuman as a Cultural Agent of Violence."  Journal For Critical Animal Studies, Volume VIII, Issue 3, 2010. pp. 43-44 –Veeder)
The first part of this paper has established the importance of the subhuman figure in
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projects with the current anthropocentric status quo seriously undercuts those very same projects. 

Anthropocentrism causes involuntary extinction—it divorces our relationship with the natural world and makes ecocide on a cosmic scale inevitable.

Gottlieb 94 (Roger S. Gottlieb, Professor of Humanities at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brandeis University, 1994 "Ethics and Trauma: Levinas, Feminism, and Deep Ecology," Crosscurrents: A Journal of Religion and Intellectual Life, Summer, Available Online at http://www.crosscurrents.org/feministecology.htm) Dabo

Here I will at least begin in agreement with Levinas. As he rejects an
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neither for our selves nor for the other, but for us all. 

The alternative is an identification with species-being—disrupting the ethical exceptionalism of humanism.

Hudson 2008 (Laura, Grad student in Cultural Studies at UC-Davis "The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life" Mediations Spring 23.2: http://www.mediationsjournal.org/articles/the-political-animal)LC

In his discussion of religion, Marx argues that the recognition of religion as the
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, how are we to envision the future of politics and society?

Tournament: SacState | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Francisco State PB | Judge: Mark Hernandez

Drones are key to CT

Kenneth Anderson 13, Professor of International Law at American University, June 2013, "The Case for Drones," Commentary, Vol. 135, No. 6

Targeted killing of high-value terrorist targets, by contrast, is the end
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acknowledged in communications, have a significant impact on planning and organizational effectiveness. 

Nuke terror’s possible, theft, and construction give terrorists materials, successful attacks escalate

Dvorkin 2012 (Vladimir Z. Dvorkin ’12 Major General (retired), doctor of technical sciences, professor, and senior fellow at the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  The Center participates in the working group of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, 9/21/12, "What Can Destroy Strategic Stability: Nuclear Terrorism is a Real Threat," belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/22333/what_can_destroy_strategic_stability.html
Hundreds of scientific papers and reports have been published on nuclear terrorism. International conferences
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a common understanding of these threats and develop a strategy to combat them.

Extinction

Owen B. Toon 7, chair of the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at CU-Boulder, et al., April 19, 2007, "Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism," online: http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-1973-2007.pdf

To an increasing extent, people are congregating in the world’s great urban centers,
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should be carried out as well for the present scenarios and physical outcomes.

Tournament: SacState | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Francisco State PB | Judge: Mark Hernandez

1NC

A. Interpretation: The affirmative must defend the topic instrumentally via the hypothetical implementation of the 1AC by the United States federal government.

B. Definitional Support

1. The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon – the USFG is the agent  of the resolution, not the individual debaters
    Webster’s 2k (Guide to Grammar and Writing, http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm-http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm)
   Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a clause that can stand by itself. Think of the colon as a gate, inviting one to go on… If the introductory phrase preceding the colon is very brief and the clause following the colon represents the real business of the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.
   
   2. Should denotes an expectation of enacting a plan

• • American Heritage Dictionary – ’09 ~www.freedictionary.com~

1. Used to express obligation or duty: You should send her a note. 2. Used to express probability or  expectation: They should arrive at noon. 3. Used to express conditionality or  contingency: If she should fall, then so  would I.
   3. The United States federal government is composed of individuals elected to represent the people. 

• • Oxford Dictionary ’13 (One of the largest Oxford dictionary factions, first printed 66 years ago, http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/federal-government-http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/federal-government,  AO)
    (in the US) the system of government as defined in the Constitution which
    AND
    has the power to influence the law through a process called judicial review.

C. Violation: The affirmative is not an instrumental affirmation of the resolution.

D. Standards

1. Ground 

 2. Topic Specific Education

 3. Extra Topicality

E. Voting Issue: If we prove the affirmative does not meet the best interpretation of the topic they have failed to justify the resolution, means you vote neg. Best way to preserve competitive equity.

Tournament: SacState | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pepperdine CE | Judge: Laura Hampton

1NC

====CP Text:====

The United States Congress should codify the definition of an enemy combatant in the context of the United States’ drone program.  This definition should require that the target be a part of an enemy force engaged in hostilities against the United States.  This definition should require active involvement in hostilities against the United States.  

The United States Congress should require that the President of the United States should formally inform Congress of the name and reasons for designation as an enemy combatant.  

The President of the United States must determine that the individual continues to meet this definition immediately before executing the order and should provide formal notification to Congress after the completion of a successful targeted killing.

• • 
    The United States Congress should require a neutral third party to be involved in the decision to designate an enemy combatant and establish an Article II Review board to ultimately determine the designation of targets to the kill list

The United States Congress should restrict the use of signature strikes.

The United States federal government should increase non-military aid to Yemen

Solves the aff, preserves flex

Gonzales, 13
(Alberto R. Gonzales, Former Counsel to the President and United States Attorney General under the George W. Bush Administration. Before joining the Bush Administration in Washington, the author served as then-Governor George W. Bush’s General Counsel, the Texas Secretary of State, and was later appointed to the Texas Supreme Court. The author is currently the Doyle Rogers Distinguished Chair of Law at Belmont University College of Law, and Counsel of the Nashville law firm of Waller Lansden. "Drones: The Power to Kill" http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Gonzales-Drones-Article.pdf-http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Gonzales-Drones-Article.pdf) Henge
III. SUGGESTIONS FOR REINFORCING THE CONSTITUTIONAL DUE PROCESS STANDARD Under the Youngstown framework discussed
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the requirements under Hamdi, and substantially satisfy the requirements under Boumediene.440

Flex is key to respond to nuke terror and prolif

Li 2009 (ZHEYAO LI, J.D. candidate, Georgetown University Law Center, 2009; B.A., political science and history, Yale University, Winter, 2009 The Georgetown Journal of Law Public Policy 7 Geo. J.L. 26 Pub. Pol’y 373, lexis, bs)
 Another shortcoming of Professor Koh’s proposal to introduce new institutional checks and balances on
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congressional debate and approval before acting to prevent the loss of American lives.

Tournament: SacState | Round: 5 | Opponent: Los Rios EJ | Judge: Ben Saunders

1NC

We must end the world which ordered that choice.

The 1AC’s attempt to decolonize is just an extension of the Will—to live is to want, and to want is to suffer—the fundamental premise of nature is the Will to live—acting through the Will can only ever perpetuate our suffering, this turns case.

Young, 3
 (Julian Young, PhD from Pitt and Jr. Professor of Humanities at Wake Forest. "The Death of God and the Meaning of Life" pg. 35-38) Henge
This universal, metaphysically necessary, feature is, of course, ’will’.
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the Roman proverb (WR I section 60, WR II chapter 44).

Tournament: SacState | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Francisco State PB | Judge: Mark Hernandez

More cites from this year can be found on the Negative Wiki for Weber OV

Tournament: SacState | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Francisco State PB | Judge: Mark Hernandez

Restrictions on OCOs deck heg —- determines victory in future war

Claudette Roulo 13, American Forces Press Service, "DOD Must Stay Ahead of Cyber Threat, Dempsey Says," DOD, June 27, http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=120379
To ensure this force is able to operate quickly, the Defense Department now has
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network delivering data to the department’s personnel wherever and whenever they need it.

Heg solves global nuclear war—multiple hotspots

Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth, 13 ~Stephen G. Brooks, G. John Ikenberry, and William C. Wohlforth, STEPHEN G. BROOKS is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. G. JOHN IKENBERRY is a Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul. WILLIAM C. WOHLFORTH is a Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, January 2013, Lean Forward In Defense of American Engagement, http://www.twc.edu/sites/default/files/assets/academicCourseDocs/22.20Brooks,20Lean20Forward.pdf-http://www.twc.edu/sites/default/files/assets/academicCourseDocs/22. Brooks, Lean Forward.pdf, B. Morales~
¶ They are wrong. In making their case, advocates of retrenchment overstate the
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illicit transfers, irrational decisions, accidents, and unforeseen crises goes up.

Tournament: SacState | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pepperdine CE | Judge: Laura Hampton

1NC

Plan: The United States federal government should prohibit the president of the United States from using appropriated funds, notwithstanding any other provision of law, for murder by drones in Yemen.

Targeted killing is a euphemism that sanitizes and bureaucratizes a policy of sovereign violence and permanent war

Healy 12 
(Gene, VP of Cato Inst., "Drone-War Double-Think", http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/dronewar-doublethink)
"Political language," George Orwell wrote in 1946, "is designed to make
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Obama terror-warriors that "such operations are likely to be extended at
least another decade."

Tournament: SacState | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pepperdine CE | Judge: Laura Hampton

1NC

A. Interpretation – Restrict means to limit and confine – not prohibit

Words and Phrases 04 (Volume 37A, p. 406)
Miss. 1927.  To "restrict" is to restrain within bounds; to limit; to confine; and does not mean to destroy or prohibit.  Dart v. City of Gulfport, 113 So. 441, 147 Miss. 534.
B. Violation – The 1AC is not a direct restriction of the president’s capacity to implement a strike, funding is not enough.
C. Standards
a. Ground – Without a direct restriction the affirmative can spike out of different disadvantage scenarios, which is a unique instance of abuse.
b. Limits – All preparation is based off of a restriction of the president’s a capability to act.
c. Extra topicality  – they go beyond the resolution which allows  to spike out of links and counterplans and gives them advantages that they would otherwise not have.– independent voter

Tournament: SacState | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pepperdine CE | Judge: Laura Hampton

1NC

Drones are key to Yemen Stability, accountability prevents overuse

Benjamin R. Farley 12, JD from Emory University School of Law, former Editor-in-Chief of the Emory International Law Review, "Drones and Democracy: Missing Out on Accountability?" Winter 2012, 54 S. Tex. L. Rev. 385, lexis
Effective accountability mechanisms constrain policymakers’ freedom to choose to use force by increasing the costs
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to go to war is more likely to lead the nation into war. 

AQAP undermines the Saudi regime

Colonel Hassan Abosaq 12, US Army War College, master of strategic studies degree candidate, 2012, "The Implications of Unstable on Saudi Arabia," Strategy Research Project, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U226doc=GetTRDoc.pdf26AD=ADA560581
AQAP has been vociferous in its opposition to the Saudi regime, and is likely
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growing anarchy and al-Qaeda presence could spill over into Saudi Arabia.

That destabilizes the Middle East

Anthony Cordesman 11, Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at CSIS, former director of intelligence assessment in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, former adjunct prof of national security studies at Georgetown, PhD from London University, Feb 26 2011, "Understanding Saudi Stability and Instability: A Very Different Nation," http://csis.org/publication/understanding-saudi-stability-and-instability-very-different-nation
History scarcely means we can take Saudi stability for granted. Saudi Arabia is simply
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the Middle East depends on Saudi Arabia having a friendly and moderate regime.

Global nuclear war

Russell 9 James, Senior Lecturer Department of National Security Affairs, Spring, "Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East" Security Studies Center Proliferation Papers, http://www.analyst-network.com/articles/141/StrategicStabilityReconsideredProspectsforEscalationandNuclearWarintheMiddleEast.pdf
Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1)
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the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world.