Tournament: KY | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge:
1AC

Khalid Raheem, a community elder in North Waziristan: “We did not know that America existed, We did not know what its geographical location was, how its government operated, what its government was like, until America invaded Iraq and Afghanistan…we have become victims of Americans. We don’t know how they treat their citizens or anything about them. All we know is that they used to support us, and now they don’t…Now we are always awaiting a drone attack and we know it’s certain and its eventual and it will strike us, and we’re just waiting to hear whose house it will strike, our relatives’, our neighbors’, or us. We do not know. We’re just always in fear.”
From living under drones

Vision is entangled in ocularcentric Western military culture that gazes from “nowhere” and represents “everywhere”—this is the “god-trick”. These eyes have been perfected through the military, capitalist, and colonial supremacy and is a disembodied view—the view of the cyclopean master subject. Drones are a part of this disembodied colonial logic of “us” versus “them” mentality—the drone reinforces the same god-trick of a view from everywhere and nowhere that spills into everyday culture.
Graham, I., Shaw, R., and Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode. 44(4), 1490-1509, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x

Vision is thus … of a crosshair.

Discourse surrounding precision warfare — targeting killing and signature killings — actively produces the deaths of civilian populations by rendering those populations to mere calculations in a computer — they are devoid of political significance — for the cyborg soldier the civilian population becomes stripped of subjectivity. The bodies are rendered feminized — irrational and opposed to rational political thinking necessary to be allowed political engagement — we must examine the discourse surrounding the cyborg soldier or the drone.
Lauren Wilcox Ph.D. Candidate 2009 “Body Counts Theory Colloquium” 

In the discourse …at its elimination. 

The cyborg soldier necessary for precision bombing exemplify the god-trick of sight—the ability to view from “nowhere” and “everywhere”—Drones with GPS and UAVs are used to collect information—to substitute for eyes—this is a disembodied, Enlightenment era logic that attempts to transcend the body which is feminized in contrast to the masculine technology.
Lauren Wilcox Ph.D. Candidate 2009 “Body Counts Theory Colloquium” 

Precision bombing is … to spare civilians.
Drones are part of the ocular-centric logic which renders the world to be made visible and thus to be destroyed
Graham, I., Shaw, R., and Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode. 44(4), 1490-1509, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x

The drone is …is to destroy.

Abdulrahman – “Early one morning in September 2011, Abdulrahman set out from our home in Sana by himself. He went to look for his father, whom he hadn’t seen for years. He left a note for his mother explaining that he missed his father and wanted to find him, and asking her to forgive him for leaving without permission. A couple of days after Abdulrahman left, we were relieved to receive word that he was safe and with cousins in southern Yemen, where our family is from. Days later, his father was targeted and killed by American drones in a northern province, hundreds of miles away. After Anwar died, Abdulrahman called us and said he was going to return home. That was the last time I heard his voice. He was killed just two weeks after his father.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/18/opinion/the-drone-that-killed-my-grandson.html?_r=0

We must affirm the resolution through the opening of non-isomorphic subjects, agents, and territories of stories unimaginable from the vantage point of the cyclopean, self-satiated eye of the master subject.

Our affirmation views the resolution as an active object of knowledge—our affirmation is an embodied view—a view from somewhere as opposed to the disembodied view from nowhere—the god trick—that attempts to perfect knowledge. Creating embodiment in the resolution through use of partial perspectives is key to opening up new situated knowledges
Haraway 2007 (Donna, Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, From Technoscience: the Politics of Interventions, Unipub)

I am arguing … views from somewhere.

The resolution isn’t a passive object of knowledge but an apparatus of actual production and reproduction of bodies and other “objects” of knowledge – our affirmation is one that affirms the topic as an active, meaning-generating apparatus of bodily production
Haraway ‘2007 (Donna, Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, From Technoscience: thePolitics of Interventions, Unipub)

So I will … a risky practice.

Affirming situated knowledges doesn’t make them innocent—rather the inclusion of partial positions fosters critical and interpretative knowledge. These standpoints promise more transforming accounts of the world
Haraway 2007 (Donna, Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, From Technoscience: thePolitics of Interventions, Unipub)

Many currents in … “highest” technoscientific visualizations.
We need situated knowledges to intervene and dismantle the production of drones as an autonomous and exceptional solution
Graham, I., Shaw, R., and Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode. 44(4), 1490-1509, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x

The primary relationship … unbearable humanness.
These narratives disturb and disrupt the hegemonic gaze of drone warfare and its legitimization – we must frustrate the imperialist gaze by embodying experiences instead of abstracting them into a statistical model and algorithmic calculation
Shaw, I. (2013). Predator Empire: The Geopoltics of US Drone Warfare. Geopolitics. 00, 1-24, doi:10.1080/14650045.2012.749241

Both reports are … the disposition matrix

In one story, the Taliban visited the residence of a man named Daud Khan and demanded lunch. The father reluctantly consented, fearing reprisal if he refused the fighters: “The very next day our house was hit. . . . My only son Khaliq was killed. I saw his body, completely burned.”
Daud Khan
From living under drones

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: None | Judge: None
2AC Cap Cites
Case Solves the Alt
Gillian Rose 2011 “Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials”
Sage Social Science  http://books.google.com/books?id=swO3dw~-~-30QCanddq=haraway+ocularcentrismandsource=gbs_navlinks_s

There are also debates …argument more fully.
The opposition between theory and lived experience is a false dichotomy—
Wood, Julia T., and Robert Cox. "Rethinking Critical Voice: Materiality and Situated Knowledges." Western Journal Of Communication 57, no. 2 (Spring1993 1993): 278-287. Communication and Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed August 24, 2013)

LOCAL LIVES, SITUATED KNOWLEDGES … real exf»erience

Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Texas FM | Judge: 

Cap K

Turn—Cap first is gross reformism—difference cannot only be tolerated but need to be embraced to spark change

Lorde, Audre. "The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House." 1984. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Ed. Berkeley, CA: Crossing Press. 110- 114. 2007. Print. 

Advocating the mere tolerance of difference between women is the grossest reformism. It is
AND
of our differences, nor the pathetic pretense that these differences do not exist

Turn—Their call for capitalism to come first justifies the invisibility of the heterosexual white male

ROSS, 2000 ~Marlon; is Professor of English and Associate Director of the Center for Afroamerican and African Studies at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, New Literary History 31.4; 827-850~

Touting class or "economic justice" as the fundamental stance for left identity is
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essential qualities of Negroness by cross-identifying with the folk and their culture

With Us/Against Us DA

With us or against us narrative

 neoliberal====
Marcelo Diversi and Claudio Moreira September 9^th, 2013 "Real World: Classrooms as Decolonizing Sites Against Neoliberal Narratives of the Other" Cultural Studies ? Critical Methodologies 13(6) 469–473 

Young White men go on mass killing sprees in Oklahoma City, Columbine, Aurora
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that appears to require the nonliberty of the Other, domestically and globally.

A2: Identity Politics

Identity based politics are necessary to challenge capitalist modernity – critiques of capitalism that do not start from a politics of place only devalue all forms of localized action

Escobar, 2004 Professor of Anthropology ~Arturo, "Beyond the Third World: Imperial Globality, Global Coloniality and Anti-globalization Social Movements," Third World Quarterly, 25.1, p.220-1~0

The goal of many (not all) of the anti-globalisation struggles can
AND
cultural dynamics, which are irreducible to the terms of capitalist modernity.8

The aff solves better because we can account for the different ways that varying identity groups experience oppression and use an erotic pedagogy to create strategies to resist the specificities of their oppression—their alternative fails because it attempts to crowd out discussions about identity therefore allowing nuances of the neoliberal capitalist order to continue.

I began to realize that there were few positive, affirming portrayals of relationships,
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live respectifully, to praise and celebrate earth, to love.(FN9)

Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Texas FM | Judge: 

Ruins K

Frontline

Rearticulating eroticism in academia is key to creating embodied academic practices; A2: need to be embodied

Emma Bell and Amanda Sinclair "Reclaiming eroticism in the academy" Organization March 2014 21: 268-280, http://org.sagepub.com/content/21/2/268.refs.html-http://org.sagepub.com/content/21/2/268.refs.html

Despite this pioneering work, and with some exceptions, academics have generally been reticent
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writing; the intimacy of collaborative relationships or deeply nur- turing supervision.

Turn—Only  re-articulating eroticism can we challenge how different institutions privilege certain bodies over others

Emma Bell and Amanda Sinclair "Reclaiming eroticism in the academy" Organization March 2014 21: 268-280, http://org.sagepub.com/content/21/2/268.refs.html-http://org.sagepub.com/content/21/2/268.refs.html

¶ Rather than trying to deny or ’eradicate’ the erotic from academic life,
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of social organization which privilege certain bodies and exclude others may be challenged.

Interpretation DA

They lost this debate as soon as they tried to interpret the poem (and its "function in the round") – our poetry resists discourse and the discursive attempt to master and reify language.  Our poetry is fragmentation, slippage into the black sun, flinging ourselves towards ruin without limits and communication with nothingness – you should let the poet die in an intoxicated cyclone – our method, or anti-method as it may be, asks you to leave poetic excess in the silence of the vacant eye of the storm rather than trying to enslave it and ’make it work’

Land 92 (Nick, Lecturer in Continental Philosophy at the University of Warwick, Thirst for Annihilation, Georges Bataille and Virulent Nihilism, pg 202-204) ~m leap~

As if the confusional cyclone of poetry had already laid waste the resources of articulation
AND
man to ~blank~’ ~II 247~. Excess is venom.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: None | Judge: None
2AC Framework Cites
Calling on USFG=colonialism
Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley ‘8 (Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley, Rhetoric PhD and Prof @ Pitt, THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE)

Mitchell observes that … to do the same.

A2: Limits
Kuhn 1996 (Thomas, Professor Emeritus of linguistics and philosophy at MIT, “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. pg. 45-47) We don’t endorse the sexist language used.
*Paraphrased for gendered langauage

That question is very … rules of the game.

A2: Predictability
McDonough 93 (Kevin, U-Ill-Educ, http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/eps/PES-Yearbook/93_docs/MCDONOUG.HTM)

The fact that …of Deweyan inquiry.

A2: SS
Greene, R., and Hicks, D. (2006) Lost Convictions. Cultural Studies, 19:1, 100-126

It is the distance …deliberative democracy.

Tournament: Districts | Round: 1 | Opponent: UofM JM | Judge: 

1AC

The Disposition Matrix

September 11^th precipitated development of a new war lexicon for exceptional violence. Obama adds to this new lexicon with more expansive interpretations of executive power. This rhetoric is a symptom of the expansion of executive war powers that authorizes secret drone-assassinations under the expansive bureaucratic database that is comprised of a million people

Saas, W. (2012). Critique of Charismatic Violence. Symploke,  20 (1-2), 65-82.

The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York, Pennsylvania,¶ and Virginia
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¶ administrative purview of the executive branch of U.S. government¶

This exceptional rhetoric allows for the creations of bureaucratic apparatuses like the disposition matrix is a database created by the Obama administration for administering life and death—it contains a list of suspects targeted for elimination—targeted killing used to be antithetical to American war fighting but is now being streamlined by the Obama administration

Shaw, I. (2013). Predator Empire: The Geopoltics of US Drone Warfare. Geopolitics. 00, 1-24, doi:10.1080/14650045.2012.749241

Since 2010, Obama administration officials have busily constructed a database for administering life and
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Orwellian terminology, is very much the new face of an old Empire.

The CIA began flying drones in 1994 in Bosnia. In 2000 the CIA started flying drones in Afghanistan. The first targeted killing took place in 2002—officials thought they were killing Osama bin Laden but ended up killing civilians. This model of extrajudicial killing became a model for drone strikes in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The Supreme Court allows the details of the drone program to hide behind a bureaucratic veil—legalistic approaches become a means for perpetuating exceptional executive power

Shaw, I. (2013). Predator Empire: The Geopoltics of US Drone Warfare. Geopolitics. 00, 1-24, doi:10.1080/14650045.2012.749241

The modern Predator drone dates back to the GNAT-750 (and "Amber
AND
kept secret not just from the public but from the courts".’¶ 

FATA falls under the state of exception—law is suspended and the sovereign is able to inflict unmitigated violence. Pakistan becomes viewed as being incapable of controlling the terrorist threat and thus international intervention becomes authorized

Graham, I., Shaw, R., 26 Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode. 44(4), 1490-1509, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x

There are two interrelated approaches to capture the spatial complexities of FATA,¶ Pakistan.
AND
and in the interest of maintaining territorial integrity—¶ international intervention is pursued.

The Pakistani government historically sides with colonizers of FATA — the FATA and the people living there must be excepted from the state for purposes of war — drone strikes do not occur over an undifferentiated enemy landscape – rather, America’s policy of targeted killing and drone strikes occurs in uneven geo-legalities of war, state, and exception that authorize strikes only in exceptional spaces like FATA

Graham, I., Shaw, R., 26 Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode. 44(4), 1490-1509, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x

Perhaps, upon reflection, the Pakistani government came to the same conclusion¶ as
AND
exception make drone warfare a reality in certain spaces and not¶ others.
 

We affirm the resolution through a rhetorical analysis of the president’s war power authorities to use drones in an exceptional way—the Affirmative is needed to understand the relationship between language and violence through interrogating the historical conditions that precipitated the development of bureaucracy, as well as the rhetorical situations whereby the entrenched state bureaucracy can be adapted to novel conditions and oriented toward new ends.¶

Saas, W. (2012). Critique of Charismatic Violence. Symploke, 20 (1-2), 65-82. ¶ 

Notably absent in Dawes’ highly useful analysis, however, is a sense of¶
AND
rule¶ that would occur in the wake of September 11, 2001.

In order to restrict war powers one must understand the relationship between language and violence – Organizations are speech acts and thus fundamentally rhetorical – The Rhetorical analysis done by the affirmative will provide a way out of the organizational violence of modern bureaucracy -

Saas, W. (2012). Critique of Charismatic Violence. Symploke,  20 (1-2), 65-82.

In The Language of War: Literature and Culture in the U.S.
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bureaucracy,¶ thus providing us with what appears to be a way out.

FATA is enframed in a colonialist legacy that imposes the area as a zone of exception – stripped of its own political rights and subject to the control of the Empire.

Graham, I., Shaw, R., 26 Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode. 44(4), 1490-1509, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x

FATA is divided into seven tribal agencies spanning 27 244 km2 and, according to
AND
inhabitants remains ambiguous and unfavorable"¶ (Tanguay-Renad 2002:554).

The state of exception based upon fetishized drones and colonialist legacy of FATA produces a space inside Pakistan as a zone of exception where those subject to that space can be killed without any recourse against the automated destruction by colonial and imperial violence

Graham, I., Shaw, R., 26 Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode. 44(4), 1490-1509, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x

At the close of 2010, there were over 200 drone attacks in the sovereign
AND
coming robot army have little or no recourse, nationally or¶ internationally.¶

Tournament: KY | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge:
2AC Doubles KY
Gendered language shapes reality—creates a patriarchal society.  
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 10 (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. “Feminist Philosophy of Language” http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-language/. MR.) 

Spender and others … argument in detail in her 1995.)
Perm do both
Haraway ‘2007 (Donna, Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, From Technoscience: thePolitics of Interventions, Unipub)

The issue in … out to be about

Turn
Haraway ‘2007 (Donna, Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, From Technoscience: thePolitics of Interventions, Unipub)

But, of course, … how to see
Defense of Haraway’s method
Juliet Macdonald No Date “The Disembodied Eye” http://www.julietmacdonald.co.uk/phd_files/Site_hand_eye_p/thedisembodiedeye.htm

Drawing now operates… of visualisation.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas State KM | Judge: Loghry Manuel D Elliott
1AC-same as Rd 2

2AC

FRAMEWORK
We meet –we are not a rejection of the resolution—Our reading of the resolution through an erotic pedagogy functions as criticism as an affirmation.
Brown 2005 Wendy, Professor of Political Science at the University of California in Berkeley, Edgework: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics
Exclusion DA
Phallocratic languages systematically exclude our concept of eroticism
Audre Lorde's (Nonessentialist) Lesbian Eros Ruth Ginzberg Hypatia , Vol. 7, No. 4, Lesbian Philosophy (Autumn, 1992) , pp. 73-90 Published by: Wiley on behalf of Hypatia, Inc.
Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3810079

USFG DA
Calls for “USFG,” action are complicit in its colonialist legacy and their refusal to acknowledge that link is itself a perpetuation of the contemporary practices of hegemonic power that produce and maintain networks of oppression
Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley ‘8 (Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley, Rhetoric PhD and Prof @ Pitt, THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE)

Neolib DA
Neoliberal thinkers control the framing of policy discussions – you should be highly skeptical of their defenses of this ideology
Ross Prof of Education U British Columbia 2010 E. Wayne Resisting the Common-nonsense of Neoliberalism: A Report from British Columbia Workplace #17 http://firgoa.usc.es/drupal/files/ross.pdf

Tolerance DA
Tolerance is the grossest reformism that prevents effective change
Lorde, Audre. “The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House.” 1984. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Ed. Berkeley, CA: Crossing Press. 110- 114. 2007. Print. 

Limits
Mutual agreement and the creation of competing research paradigms is possible without recourse to abstract sets of “game rules”—this answers O’Donnell and Ebinger
Kuhn 1996 (Thomas, Professor Emeritus of linguistics and philosophy at MIT, “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. pg. 45-47) We don’t endorse the sexist language used.
*Paraphrased for gendered langauage

Erotic transgression Good
Jafari Allen American Ethnologist Volume 39, Issue 2, pages 325–338, May 2012 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.lib.wayne.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2012.01367.x/full

A2: Fairness
Debate is unfair and that‘s good because it forces adaptation, creativity and better debate, leading to ultimately superior training for life.
Branson 2007 (Josh, edebate, http://www.ndtceda.com/pipermail/edebate/2007-May/071122.html, 5/31)

A2: Deliberation
Deliberation is a fallacy – framework uses masculine claims of rationality to determine what knowledge is legitimate for public debate pushing unproductive knowledge to the private sphere – There is only a risk that interruptions like the affirmative are able to reclaim the public sphere
Peterson in 2000 V. Spike Peterson. “Rereading Public and Private: The Dichotomy that is Not One1” SAIS Review. Vol 20, Num 2. Pp 11-29. Summer-Fall 2000. 

A2: Predictability
*Can’t rely on reading of text; add to Saas aff
Fernando 09 (Jeremy, “Reading Blindly: Literature, Otherness, and the Possibility of an Ethical Reading” pg. 4). 

Their predictability claims pervert education – Uncertainty encourages interrogation, not the other way around
McDonough 93 (Kevin, U-Ill-Educ, http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/eps/PES-Yearbook/93_docs/MCDONOUG.HTM)

A2: T Version of the Aff
Topical version of the aff is equivalent with a tolerant attitude towards our affirmative and the erotic—this move depoliticizes this space and fuels neoliberalism
Christina Scharff Disarticulating feminism: Individualization, neoliberalism and the othering of ‘Muslim women’ European Journal of Women's Studies May 2011 18: 119-134, doi:10.1177/1350506810394613

A2: SS
SS debate creates a distance from the world that reproduces a bougeoise class interest and only serves to valorize the moral values of liberalism and deliberative democracy –answers lesson plan
Greene, R., and Hicks, D. (2006) Lost Convictions. Cultural Studies, 19:1, 100-126

Our aff is a disad to their framework –strict switch side debate is complacent with attempts to force liberal enlightenment values. Their promotion of switch-side debate is the hermeneutic of the war on terror – they destroy alterity and singularity under the guise of objectivity –you should abandon their empty pedagogy in favor of our erotic pedagogy
Hicks and Greene 2009 Darrin, University of Denver and Ronald Walter Greene, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Conscientious Objections: Debating Both Sides and the Cultures of Democracy, Source: Conference Proceedings -- National Communication Association/American Forensic Association (Alta Conference on Argumentation) 

INTERPRETATION DA
Interpretation DA
They lost this debate as soon as they tried to interpret the poem (and its “function in the round”) – our poetry resists discourse and the discursive attempt to master and reify language.  Our poetry is fragmentation, slippage into the black sun, flinging ourselves towards ruin without limits and communication with nothingness – you should let the poet die in an intoxicated cyclone – our method, or anti-method as it may be, asks you to leave poetic excess in the silence of the vacant eye of the storm rather than trying to enslave it and ‘make it work’
Land 92 (Nick, Lecturer in Continental Philosophy at the University of Warwick, Thirst for Annihilation, Georges Bataille and Virulent Nihilism, pg 202-204) m leap
TERROR DA

Turn—Use of Drones Creates moral distancing that leads to globocide  -
Bauman ’13 (Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyon, “Liquid Surveillance,” 2013, pg. 88-90) 

No risk of nuclear terrorism---too many obstacles
John J. Mearsheimer 14, R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, “America Unhinged”, January 2, nationalinterest.org/article/america-unhinged-9639?page=show

No risk of nuclear or WMD terror
John Mueller and Mark G. Stewart 12, Senior Research Scientist at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Political Science, both at Ohio State University, and Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute AND Australian Research Council Professorial Fellow and Professor and Director at the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle, "The Terrorism Delusion," Summer, International Security, Vol. 37, No. 1, politicalscience.osu.edu/faculty/jmuellerabsisfin.pdf, jj

1AR
Use of he-man speak like “you guys”, “freshman”, and “man-kind” make women linguistically a subset of man/men turning women into  objects to be treated as less than men—said millions of times a day by millions of people this sexist language reinforces male superiority over women
Sherryl Kleinman Alternet  2007 “Why Sexist Language Matters” http://www.alternet.org/story/48856/why_sexist_language_matters?fb_action_ids=10151515761115904andfb_action_types=og.likesandfb_source=other_multilineandaction_object_map=7B2210151515761115904223A101504346739490077Dandaction_type_map=7B2210151515761115904223A22og.likes227Dandaction_ref_map=5B5D

Calls for “USFG,” action are complicit in its colonialist legacy and their refusal to acknowledge that link is itself a perpetuation of the contemporary practices of hegemonic power that produce and maintain networks of oppression
Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley ‘8 (Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley, Rhetoric PhD and Prof @ Pitt, THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE)

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Whitman BM | Judge: Ryan Wash, LaToya Green, Lindsay Van Luvanee

1AC

Drone warfare under the Obama administration is indicative of the president’s larger neoliberal agenda

George Jr., Hermon, 2013, "Neoliberalism in Blackface: Barack Obama and Deracialization, 2007-2012." Journal Of Pan African Studies 6, no. 6: 240-276. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost (accessed January 20, 2014).

The Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan¶ The junior U.S. Senator from
AND
policy initiatives engendered by neoliberalism’s attempt to impose a "new international order". 

American politics have become a privatized extension of war, greed, corruption, and cruelty – America colonizes bodies with affective connections to neoliberal violence, militarism, and hyper-masculinity in order to foster coalescence with ongoing imperial occupation, indefinite detention and drone assassination

Giroux ’13 (Henry A. Giroux Neoliberalism’s War Against Teachers in Dark Times Cultural Studies, Critical Methodologies 1532708613503769, first published on September 9, 2013)

Public school teachers can join with parents, churches, synagogues, Mosques, and
AND
and justice possible not only in our schools but also in a democracy?

In response to being interpellated by the resolution, we affirm our reading of the resolution through an erotic pedagogy.

Neoliberalism interpellates student-citizen subjects in the classroom to succeed in a neoliberal economy — reclaiming eroticism in the classroom is a counterhegemonic methodology that subverts neoliberalism’s affective ties

Rowe ’12 (Aimee Carrillo Rowe PhD., Journal of Homosexuality, Volume 59, Issue 7, 2012, Special Issue: Sexualities and Genders in an Age of Neoliberalism, pg. 1031-1056)

In this article, I strive to write "the erotic" more explicitly into
AND
-intact beings. In fact, I see these processes as inseparable.

We must publically rearticulate erotic power to access its transformative potential and unlearn our privilege as loss – hegemonic discourses render erotics to the private sphere and rhetorically construct it as pornographic in order to deny its potential – reclaiming the classroom is key

~a2: SFO~
Rowe ’12 (Aimee Carrillo Rowe PhD., Journal of Homosexuality, Volume 59, Issue 7, 2012, Special Issue: Sexualities and Genders in an Age of Neoliberalism, pg. 1031-1056)

I would add that all folks of privilege learn themselves into boxes, which are
AND
p. 44) that must take place for social change to occur.

The academic industrial complex distributes neoliberal ideology and neocolonial violence — erotic pedagogy works against the grain of the academic industrial complex and has transformative potential beyond the realm of the classroom – we must reclaim the erotic as a public methodology in order to empower resistance to the neoliberalism’s heteromasculine domination of women and other disenfranchised bodies on the margin

Rowe ’12 (Aimee Carrillo Rowe PhD., Journal of Homosexuality, Volume 59, Issue 7, 2012, Special Issue: Sexualities and Genders in an Age of Neoliberalism, pg. 1031-1056)

Audre Lorde (1984) delivered "Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as
AND
hegemonic power, through resistive, energizing, and transformative modes of power.

2AC

Case

The presidency has been and continues to be a masculine and racist office—the 1nc is premised on continual institutional paternalism and masculine norms

Stuckey 2010 ~Mary, Professor of Communication and Political Science at Georgia State University, Rethinking the Rhetorical Presidency and Presidential Rhetoric, The Review of Communication, Vol. 10, No. 1, January 2010, pp. 38-52~

The presidency is a paternalistic office, and has been so ever since George Washington
AND
maintain and challenge similar structures of power and privilege throughout our national politics.

Use of he-man speak like "you guys", "freshman", and "man-kind" make women linguistically a subset of man/men turning women into  objects to be treated as less than men—said millions of times a day by millions of people this sexist language reinforces male superiority over women

Sherryl Kleinman Alternet  2007 "Why Sexist Language Matters" http://www.alternet.org/story/48856/why_sexist_language_matters?fb_action_ids=1015151576111590426fb_action_types=og.likes26fb_source=other_multiline26action_object_map=7B2210151515761115904223A101504346739490077D26action_type_map=7B2210151515761115904223A22og.likes227D26action_ref_map=5B5D

And why do so many women cling to "freshman," "chairman" and
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, why should we expect to be treated as decent human beings otherwise?

T

Our reading of the resolution through an erotic pedagogy functions as criticism as an affirmation.

Brown 2005 ~Wendy, Professor of Political Science at the University of California in Berkeley, Edgework: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics~

On the one hand, critical theory cannot let itself be bound by political exigency
AND
critical theory in dark times is a singular practice of amor fa fi.

Phallocratic languages systematically exclude our concept of eroticism

Audre Lorde’s (Nonessentialist) Lesbian Eros Ruth Ginzberg Hypatia , Vol. 7, No. 4, Lesbian Philosophy (Autumn, 1992) , pp. 73-90 Published by: Wiley on behalf of Hypatia, Inc.
Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3810079

As a lesbian feminist of African descent who explicitly attributes her own¶ Understanding of
AND
conceptual scheme across which ordinary meaning cannot travel in any¶ Ordinary ways.

Calls for "USFG," action are complicit in its colonialist legacy and their refusal to acknowledge that link is itself a perpetuation of the contemporary practices of hegemonic power that produce and maintain networks of oppression

Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley ’8 (Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley, Rhetoric PhD 26 Prof @ Pitt, THE HARSH REALITIES OF "ACTING BLACK": HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE)

Mitchell observes that the stance of the policymaker in debate comes with a "sense
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of the "policymaker" and require their opponents to do the same.

K

We can’t have mere tolerance

Lorde, Audre. "The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House." 1984. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Ed. Berkeley, CA: Crossing Press. 110- 114. 2007. Print. 

Advocating the mere tolerance of difference between women is the grossest reformism. It is
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of our differences, nor the pathetic pretense that these differences do not exist

Turn—Only  re-articulating eroticism can we challenge how different institutions privilege certain bodies over others

Emma Bell and Amanda Sinclair "Reclaiming eroticism in the academy" Organization March 2014 21: 268-280, http://org.sagepub.com/content/21/2/268.refs.html

¶ Rather than trying to deny or ’eradicate’ the erotic from academic life,
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we seek to destabilize existing practices and challenge orthodox understandings about the disembodied academic

1AR

K

They lost this debate as soon as they tried to interpret our poetry and methodology – our poetry resists discourse and the discursive attempt to master and reify language.  Our poetry is fragmentation, slippage into the black sun, flinging ourselves towards ruin without limits and communication with nothingness – you should let the poet die in an intoxicated cyclone – our method, or anti-method as it may be, asks you to leave poetic excess in the silence of the vacant eye of the storm rather than trying to enslave it and ’make it work’

Land 92 (Nick, Lecturer in Continental Philosophy at the University of Warwick, Thirst for Annihilation, Georges Bataille and Virulent Nihilism, pg 202-204) ~m leap~

As if the confusional cyclone of poetry had already laid waste the resources of articulation
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man to ~blank~’ ~II 247~. Excess is venom.

Tournament: Pre-GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na
1AC Cites Pre-GSU

"I lost my husband and two young sons namely Jan Wali and Rahman Wali during a drone attack three months ago. They were innocent daily wagers and were not affiliated with any militant group.  I am left with their widows and eight children, where should I go what was my fault, I don’t know why drone hit my poor family.  I am old and sick and have no sources to feed these orphans,"
Gulmar Jana woman from South Waziristan
http://www.dksuomi.com/magazine/index.php/all-category/asia/104-in-fata-pashtun-women-in-the-grip-of-endless-sufferings

Vision is entangled in ocularcentric Western military culture that gazes from "nowhere" and represents "everywhere"—this is the "god-trick". These eyes have been perfected through the military, capitalist, and colonial supremacy and is a disembodied view—the view of the cyclopean master subject. Drones are a part of this disembodied colonial logic of "us" versus "them" mentality—the drone reinforces the same god-trick of a view from somewhere and nowhere that spills into everyday culture.
Graham, I., Shaw, R., 26 Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode. 44(4), 1490-1509, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x

Vision is thus crucial to an … within the cool certainty of a crosshair.

Discourse surrounding precision warfare—targeting killing and signature killings—actively produces the deaths of civilian populations by rendering those populations to mere calculations in a computer—they are devoid of political significance—for the cyborg soldier the civilian population becomes stripped of subjectivity. The bodies are rendered feminized—irrational and opposed to rational political thinking necessary to be allowed political engagement—in opposition is the discourse surrounding the cyborg soldier or the drone.
Lauren Wilcox Ph.D. Candidate 2009 "Body Counts Theory Colloquium" 

In the discourse of …effort at its elimination. 

The cyborg soldier necessary for precision bombing exemplify the god-trick of sight—the ability to view from "nowhere" and "everywhere"—Drones with GPS and UAVs are used to collect information—to substitute for eyes—this is a disembodied, Enlightenment era logic that attempts to transcend the body which is feminized in contrast to the masculine technology.
Lauren Wilcox Ph.D. Candidate 2009 "Body Counts Theory Colloquium" 

Precision bombing is … attempts to spare civilians. 

Drones are part of the ocular-centric logic which renders the world to be made visible and thus to be destroyed
Graham, I., Shaw, R., 26 Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode. 44(4), 1490-1509, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x

The drone is heralded .., to see is to destroy.

Abdulrahaman—Early one morning in September 2011, Abdulrahman set out from our home in Sana by himself. He went to look for his father, whom he hadn’t seen for years. He left a note for his mother explaining that he missed his father and wanted to find him, and asking her to forgive him for leaving without permission. A couple of days after Abdulrahman left, we were relieved to receive word that he was safe and with cousins in southern Yemen, where our family is from. Days later, his father was targeted and killed by American drones in a northern province, hundreds of miles away. After Anwar died, Abdulrahman called us and said he was going to return home. That was the last time I heard his voice. He was killed just two weeks after his father.
From Graham Shaw and Akhter article

We must affirm the resolution through the opening of non-isomorphic subjects, agents, and territories of stories unimaginable from the vantage point of the cyclopean, self-satiated eye of the master subject
Our affirmation views the resolution as an active object of knowledge—our affirmation is an embodied view—a view from somewhere as opposed to the disembodied view from nowhere—the god trick—that attempts to perfect knowledge. Creating embodiment in the resolution through use of partial perspectives is key to opening up new situated knowledges
Haraway ’2007 (Donna, Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, From Technoscience: thePolitics of Interventions, Unipub)

I am arguing for…– of views from somewhere.

The resolution isn’t a passive object of knowledge but an apparatus of actual production and reproduction of bodies and other "objects" of knowledge – our affirmation is one that affirms the topic as an active, meaning-generating apparatus of bodily production
Haraway ’2007 (Donna, Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, From Technoscience: thePolitics of Interventions, Unipub)

So I will close with … (sighting) boundaries is a risky practice.

Affirming situated knowledges doesn’t make them innocent—rather the inclusion of partial positions fosters critical and interpretative knowledge. These standpoints promise more transforming accounts of the world
Haraway 2007 (Donna, Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, From Technoscience: thePolitics of Interventions, Unipub)

Many currents in … technoscientific visualizations.

We need situated knowledges to intervene and dismantle the production of drones as an autonomous and exceptional solution
Graham, I., Shaw, R., 26 Akhter, M. (2012). The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan. Antipode. 44(4), 1490-1509, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x

The primary relationship …its unbearable humanness.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/18/opinion/the-drone-that-killed-my-grandson.html?_r=0

These narratives disturb and disrupt the hegemonic gaze of drone warfare and its legitimization – we must refocus the imperialist gaze to humanize the embodied  experiences that are abstracted into a statistical model and algorithmic calculation
Shaw, I. (2013). Predator Empire: The Geopoltics of US Drone Warfare. Geopolitics. 00, 1-24, doi:10.1080/14650045.2012.749241

Both reports are …of the disposition matrix

In one story, the Taliban visited the residence of a man named Daud Khan and demanded lunch. The father reluctantly consented, fearing reprisal if he refused the fighters: "The very next day our house was hit. . . . My only son Khaliq was killed. I saw his body, completely burned."
Daud Khan