Calum, Patrick Kennedy, Sarah Lundeen, Stephen Weil, Alyssa Lucas-Bolin
USC
4
UNLV KO
Bankey
USC
1
Weber OV
Alyssa Lucas-Bolin
USC
6
Cal EM
Seth Gannon
USC
Doubles
Mary Washington MP
Repko, Arnett, Miller
Wake Forest
1
Binghamton CE
Ross Gordon
Wake Forest
4
Kansas State KM
Sarah Lundeen
Wake Forest
6
UTSA
Shook, Lindsey
C'mon. You've entered info for 35 rounds, and only entered cites for 12? That's only 34.3%. Open Source is NOT a replacement for good disclosure practices.
Tournament
Round
Report
CSUF
2
Opponent: Wake MM | Judge: Thompson, J
They read an aff about Lee Quinn being missing We went for T
CSUF
4
Opponent: North Texas MQ | Judge: Stone, Chris
We went for the primaries DA and case defense
CSUF
5
Opponent: Cal MS | Judge: Brandon, Bankey
We went for CIR and case
CSUF
Doubles
Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge: Brovero, Gannon, Seth, Garrett, Lincoln
We went for CIR and case
GSU
2
Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Edmund Zagorin
1NC
Framework Cult of the Presidency Occularcentrism PIC
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall The United States Congress should restrict the authority of the President of the United States to introduce nuclear weapons first into hostilities, except in the event of a biological weapons attack on the United States or one its allies.? C/P solves the case and prevents the proliferation and use of biological weapons David C. Gompert, Senior Fellow at the RAND Corporation, former Senior Advisor for National Security and Defense for the Coalition Provisional Authority of Iraq, and former Senior Director for Europe and Eurasia for the National Security Council, “Rethinking the Role of Nuclear Weapons”, May 1998, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF141/forum141.html
In light of the difficulty of preventing or defending against the growing threat of biological AND would likely applaud and subscribe to such a U.S. pledge.
Bio weapon attack is commensurate with nuclear war Gregory Koblentz is a doctoral candidate in Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Pathogens as Weapons The International Security Implications of Biological Warfare” International Security 28.3 (2003/04) 84-122
Biological weapons combine a relatively low cost of production with the capability for infecting large AND as 3 million casualties, rivaling the lethality of a thermonuclear weapon. 20
10/1/13
GSU Doubles - China Mod 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall 1) Turn – Modernization is key to prevent accidents and a repeal of NFU
Robert S Ross, Professor of Political Science, Boston College, and Associate of the John King Fairbank Center for East Asian Studies, Harvard University, “Navigating the Tiawan Strait: Deterrance, Escalation Dominance, and US-China Relations”, International Security, 27.2 2002
Beijingand#39;s concern for the vulnerability of its nuclear forces has led it to rely on AND it is unlikely that China has a launch-on-warning capability.
2) Conventional superiority – not nuclear policy – drives Chinese modernization
Bruce G. Blair is the President of the World Security Institute, and Chen Yali is the editor in chief of Washington Observer, “The Fallacy of Nuclear Primacy”, China Security Autumn 2006
China’s real concern about threats to its nuclear deterrent capability stems not from nuclear primacy AND some real pressure on Chinese strategists to revoke China’s longstanding commitment to NFU.
?
3) Turn – Modernization forces the US to change its relationship with China – this spills-over to a positive effect on all relations
Baohui Zhang, Associate Professor of political science at Lingnan University, Hong Kong, Asian Affairs, an American Review. Washington: Summer 2007. Vol. 34, Iss. 2; pg. 87
The United States can no longer afford to underestimate or even overlook Chinaand#39;s nuclear power AND factor in a bilateral relationship that could see more conflicts in the future.
4) China is committed to no first use – no risk of first strike
CHENGDU, China — China on Tuesday renewed its pledge never to be the first AND targeted any Chinese military asset without striking. His remarks later were disavowed.
5) Turn – Chinese second strike key to solve first use
Goldstein, Avery, Professor of Political Science at the University of Penn. and#34;Great expectations: interpreting Chinaand#39;s arrival.and#34; International Security 22.3 (1997)
What might be termed and#34;nuclear peace theoryand#34; provides the strongest reasons to expect AND negotiated solutions that Washington and Moscow felt during their various Cold War crises.
No risk of US/China war Chinese heg isn’t a threat, economic interdependence checks, miscalc won’t happen and deterrence checks escalation Art ’10 (Robert J, Christian A. Herter Professor of International Relations at Brandeis University and Fellow at MIT Center for International Studies Fall, Political Science Quarterly, Volume 125, #3, “The United States and the Rise of China: Implications for the Long Haul” http://www.psqonline.org/99_article.php3?byear=2010andbmonth=fallanda=01free, jj)
China does not present the type of security threat to the United States that Germany AND another, then the character of their relation and their competition changes dramatically.
No relations collapse and no definitely no war Zenko and Cohen, ’12 (Micah, Douglas Dillon Fellow in the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Michael, Senior Research Fellow at the New America Foundation and ran the Privatization of Foreign Policy Initiative, “Zenko and Cohen Reply,” Foreign Affairs, Jul/Aug, Vol. 91, Issue 4, ebscohost, bgm)
Finally, Miller argues that and#34;a militarized confrontation with China is more likely today AND clearly poses a greater danger today than it did during the Cold War.and#34;
10/1/13
GSU Doubles - Executive CP 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall The Executive Branch of the United States should adopt a declaratory policy restricting its authority to introduce nuclear weapons first into hostilities.
Yet none of that obscures the importance of the fact that Obama is now acting directly to alter the U.S. nuclear posture. AND to change course, however, he doesn’t have to ask anyone for permission.
10/1/13
GSU Doubles - Executive CP 2NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall A2: Future Presidents
1) Fiat solves rollback – it’s justified - Reciprocal – aff gets durable fiat means the neg should too - Ground – ensures aff doesn’t lose on backlash and its key to neg ground - Education – avoids should/would debates and focuses on the merits of the plan No rollback-~-- will follow the CP -~-- even if it’s not legally binding, ignoring it would incur massive political costs - Informal binding effective -~-- even if they win no institution enforces it Posner and Vermeule ’11, Eric Posner is Kirkland and Ellis Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Aaron Director Research Scholar at the University of Chicago. Adrian Vermeule - John H. Watson, Jr. Professor of Law – Harvard Law School, The Executive Unbound electronic resource : After the Madisonian Republic, Oxford University Press, USA, 2011. 01/01/2011 1 online resource (256 p.) Language: English, pg 138, jj
More schematically, we may speak of formal and informal means of self-binding AND as a breach of faith even if no other institution ever enforces it.
They don’t solve insulated decision-making still give president final control
Solve Executive action – even if not binding – sends a credible single that solves the case Gerson, researcher center for naval analysis 9 Michael S., moderator James Acton, also Jeffery Lewis, “RETHINKING U.S. NUCLEAR POSTURE,” Carnegie Endowment, 9/29, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/0929_transcript_nuclear_posture1.pdf accessed 11-2-9
Finally, would anyone believe it? AND mind on anything else.
Executive declaratory policy is perceived as credible and solves – and they trickle down to solve operational posture Professor the Hon Gareth Evans 13 AC QC has been Chancellor of the Australian National University since January 2010. He is President Emeritus of the Brussels-based International Crisis Group, the independent global conflict prevention and resolution organisation which he led from 2000 to 2009, Chair of the International Advisory Board of the Canberra-based Centre for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, and Co-Chair of the International Advisory Board of the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. He was a Professorial Fellow at the University of Melbourne from 2009 to 2012, and is now an Honorary Professorial Fellow at the Australian National University. Reducing the Role of Nuclear Weapons: Why It Matters, Presentation to Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Initiative (NPDI) Side-Event, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference Preparatory Committee, Geneva, 23 April 2013, http://www.gevans.org/speeches/speech510.html, jj
It remains strongly my view that changes of this kind in nuclear doctrine are extremely AND formal doctrinal positions that reflect that – have a positive self reinforcing impact.
The president solves modeling, signal, and international perception -~-- Obama weighing in on the merits of a policy outweighs the process which it is passed - Foreign countries don’t care about the nitty-gritty of inter-agency process, they want to see Obama has taken a stand on the issue -~-- which the CP solves - President obviously perceived. The CP lays the groundwork for an intl coalition Singer 5-23-’13, Peter W. Singer, Director, Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence, Brookings Institution, Finally, Obama Breaks His Silence on Drones, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/05/23-drones-obama-singer, jj
As this played out, the presidentand#39;s absence from the debate became more and more AND set the terms of the debate and steer it toward more positive ends.
Executive declarations solve Perry 09 (Ken Berry is an the International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Research Coordinator, “DRAFT TREATY ON NON-FIRST USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS”, June 2009)
Adoption of such a policy could be done in a number of ways. The AND weapons states about their own nuclear doctrines or potential nuclear-weapons acquisition.
Executive declarations creates a credible signal Perry and Schlesinger 09 (William J. Perry, Chairman James R. Schlesinger, Vice-Chairman of Congressional Comission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, United States Institute of Peace Press, and#34;Americaand#39;s Strategic Postureand#34;, 2009)
The Commission wishes to make five main points on declaratory policy. First, to AND NPT to negative and positive security assurances is long-lived and remains.
Limited expertise and weak budgetary power prevent effective Congressional control Zegart 11 (Amy B. Zegart Amy Zegart is co-director of the Center for International Security and Cooperation, a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, and professor of political economy at Stanfordand#39;s Graduate School of Business, “The Domestic Politics of Irrational Intelligence Oversight,” Political Science Quarterly 126 (Spring 2011): 1–27, http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/FutureChallenges_Zegart.pdf)
Congress is another story. Although Congress has been instrumental in many post-9 AND and protect congressional committee prerogatives but poorly designed to serve the national interest.
Solves signal Nye 09 – Professor and former dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. Joseph S. Nye, Jr. (PhD in political science from Harvard. Former assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs. Former chair of the National Intelligence Council. Former deputy assistant secretary of state for security assistance, science and technology.), and#34;Obamaand#39;s Nuclear Agendaand#34;Op-Ed, Daily News Egypt, October 13, 2009, pg. http://belfercenter.ksg. harvard.edu/publication/19633/ obamas_nuclear_agenda.html
How successful Obama is in managing AND the use of nuclear weapons.
2NC – Politics NB – Generic And the CP preserves Obama’s horse trading and compromise abilities – plan doesn’t Sovocool and Sovocool, ‘09 - Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at AND Preventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United States,” lexis)
Executive Orders also save time AND horse-trading and compromise such legislative activity entails. n292
Executive orders don’t link to politics- Prefer our evidence in context of Obama Davies ‘09 - Washington correspondent; Previously been the State Political Editor and Urban Affairs editor for The Sydney Morning Herald, spent ten years covering Federal politics (Anne, The Age, “100 days in FDRand#39;s shadow”, April 25, 2009 Saturday )
Beyond his core priorities, Obama has limited himself to actions that can be achieved AND A1111billion) stimulus package, the biggest in US history, in 20days.
2NC A2: Agent CP’s Bad
Counter-Interpretation: CP’s that use the executive, courts or congress are legitimate First our offense: 1) Agent CP’s are a pre-req to war powers education -~-- executive action is key to test the desirability of statutory or judicial restrictions Crocker ’12, Thomas P. Crocker, Associate Professor of Law, University of South Carolina School of Law. J.D. Yale Law School; Ph.D. Vanderbilt University, July, 2012¶ Connecticut Law Review¶ 44 Conn. L. Rev. 1511, COMMENTARY: NATIONAL SECURITY: RESPONSE: Who Decides on Liberty?, Lexis, jj
Whether approached as a matter of executive discretion, judicial role, or individual rights AND and#34;tangible harms,and#34; n10 while adding nothing relevant to expert decision making.
2) Education -~-- the CP forces better aff writing by shifting debate away from generic “detention bad” or “drones bad” affs towards in-depth technical debates on how to actually limit pres powers 3) Negative ground -~-- agent CP’s are a core neg arg that is key to check small and unpredictable affs. Err neg -~-- the CP is predictable and has tons of lits on both sides. The aff only needs a congress/courts key warrant to beat this counterplan. Noting a voting issue -~-- reject the arg not the team.
A2: Do CP – vs. Congress
The perm severs congressional action -~-- the 1NC Katyal proves the CP’s internal restrictions are distinct from the plan’s external statutory restrictions
The Difference Between Laws and Regulations The difference between laws (statutes) and regulations is sometimes misunderstood. Congress, and only Congress, enacts laws. The Motorboat Act of 1940, the Federal Boating Act of 1958 and the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971 are all examples of laws which were enacted by Congress. Federal executive departments such as the Department of Homeland Security and administrative agencies such as the United States Coast Guard write regulations to implement the authority of laws. Regulations (as well as Executive Orders and Proclamations) are subordinate to laws but both laws and regulations are enforceable.
Severance is a voter for fairness and education -~-- makes them a moving target, kills clash, and ruins negative strategy
10/1/13
GSU Doubles - Politics 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall GOP will capitulate to demands for a clean debt ceiling bill and it will pass – Obamacare and other issues will not appear in the final bill.
Republicans seeking to curb President Barack Obama’s health-care law probably will capitulate to AND said Murray, 62, fourth-ranking Democrat in the Senate’s leadership.
After a week in which President Obama narrowly averted a bruising defeat on Capitol Hill AND working with the White House on fiscal issues, said the appeal resonated.
Loss of PC forces Obama to negotiate over debt ceiling preconditions – causes extended battle Chait, 13 Jonathan Chait, commentator and writer for New York magazine. He was previously a senior editor at The New Republic and a former assistant editor of The American Prospect. He also writes a periodic column in the Los Angeles Times, New York Magazine, 4/26/13, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/04/democrats-lost-sequestration-two-years-ago.html
and#34;Obamaand#39;s mistake wasnand#39;t the design of sequestration. AND points out maybe theyand#39;ll realize their blunder and do better next time.
Even if a deal is eventually reached to prevent hitting the ceiling a protracted fight is economic sabotage – collapse growth, markets and confidence. Dave Johnson, Campaign for Americaand#39;s Future | Op-Ed Fresh Hell When Congress Returns September 4 2013 11:25 http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/18597-fresh-hell-when-congress-returns There are two different levels of economic damage from a debt-ceiling fight. AND fight has to be seen for what it is: “economic sabotage.”
Nuclear war Khalilzad ’11 Zalmay was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, “ The Economy and National Security”, 2-8-11, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, MCR
Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to AND , hostile states would be emboldened to make aggressive moves in their regions.
10/1/13
GSU Doubles - Politics 1NR
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall 1NR
A new analysis by a think tank shows that Washingtonand#39;s drop-dead deadline for AND .1 trillion to $17.8 trillion. To top of page b.) SCOPE – US economic decline triggers military withdrawal across the globe—causes a power vacuum and nuclear war—hegemony deters hostile powers and controls the escalation of all conflict—solves the impact to the aff—that’s our 1NC Impact c.) TURNS CASE – debt default means the plan would be delayed or under-funded – fiat only means the plan passes
We control global impact uniqueness – Interdependence checks war. Plan undermines this crucial form of restraint. Daniel Griswold, director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies, 4/20/’7, Trade, Democracy and Peace, p. http://www.freetrade.org/node/681
A second and even more potent way AND In short, globalization has dramatically raised the economic cost of war.
Turns every country that would be affected by arms sales Kemp 10 Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4
The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first AND expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.
China too is threatened by the global economic downturn. There is no doubt that AND , with dangerous consequences for the U.S. and the world.
Uniqueness Wall 2NC
Their ev misses the boat -~-- Obama won’t negotiate is our UQ arg -~-- he has enough PC that he doesn’t have to negotiate -~-- the GOP will feel pressed to raise the debt ceiling – they’ll give him a clean bill -~-- the plan is a major loss for Obama, which causes him to look weak -~-- forces negotiation because republicans wont cave to a weak Obama -- that’s chait, parsons, and Giroux
The United States national debt has taken a backseat over the past couple of months AND the country’s economic output within the next 25 years unless action is taken.
The House will pass a clean debt ceiling National Review Online 9/19/13 (and#34;The Corner, Lowry: House Will Pass Clean Debt Limit Raiseand#34 The effort to use the debt ceiling as leverage to defund Obamacare will come to AND House and probably end up passed in a clean version,” Lowry said.
Republicans will cave now The Economist 9/21/13 (Print Edition of the Economist, and#34;Once More to the Brinkand#34 Strangely, the improving economics of the debt have done little for the rotten politics AND the government. The Senate could reject the first and pass the second.
PC is necessary for Obama to hold off negotiating with the GOP – strong stand will force GOP to acquiesce in the SQ
There’s a simple reason President Barack Obama is using his bully pulpit to focus the AND concessions from the president to “defund” his signature health care law. Gun thumper Their ev just said “Obama called for” -~-- doesn’t say anything about the potential for a bill in congress and no ev it comes before debt ceiling Cx all the UQ ev Debt ceiling at the top of the agenda
The moment Congress flips the switch and puts the Syria debate on the backburner, AND could find a way to prioritize payments to bondholders but they aren’t convinced.
The White House is signaling it wants to shift back to the economy after two AND saying the president would “not accept anything that delays or defunds ObamaCare.”
A2: PC Not Real/Hirsh
Reject Hirsh-~--he’s a staff writer with no qualifications-~--hasn’t conducted any studies PC’s real, observable, and quantifiable-~--scholarly work proves-~--and you should reject quibbles like Hirsh Kimberly L. Casey 8, Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at William Jewel College, 2008, “Defining Political Capital: A Reconsideration of Bourdieu’s Interconvertibility Theory,” http://lilt.ilstu.edu/critique/spring202008/casey.pdf Abstract: This article examines the concept “political capital” (PC) and AND Becker 1993); Fitz-Enz 2000; Davenport 1999; Marr 2005). Hirsh agrees with the thesis of the politics DA even if he disagrees with the term “political capital” Michael Hirsh, National Journal, 2/7/13, There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207 Presidents are limited in what they can do by time and attention span, of AND was sucking all the oxygen out of the room, the aides said.
I’ll answer winners win on the link debate A2: Obama wont pick fight over plan
That’s not the link -~-- the point is the plan makes him look weak -~-- forces him to negotiate with the gop
A2: plan pop
Ev not about NF U
Nuclear issues extremely unpopular – strong interests protect the arsenal from policy changes Lowther ’13, dr. a. B. lowther is a non-resident Senior fellow at the center for the national Interest in Washington, d.c. and dr. Jan Kallberg is an assistant Professor of emergency management and Homeland Security at arkansas tech university, World defence Systems, 2013, nuclear deterrence in a second obama term, http://cftni.org/Nuclear20Deterrence20in20a20Second20Obama20Term.pdf, jj
the state of play in Washington Congressional staffers and Air Force senior leaders offer reason for both concern and optimism. AND of the deal they struck to ensure passage of the new stARt treaty. on the upside, senate Republicans will neither support further reductions in operationally deployed strategic AND states’ right to future nuclear tests for computer models that may be accurate. And, while nuclear issues are an unpopular topic of discussion, there is a AND the arsenal with the administration’s desire to reduce and eventually eliminate nuclear weapons. Dems oppose NFU
Chicago Tribune 8 (“A towering cloud of uncertainty; Candidates give nuclear issue little attention”, Lexis, Jan 18, AD: 8-5-09)
Only Kucinich ruled out the first use of nuclear weapons while the other Democrats were reluctant to be pinned down. Clinton said she supported the vision of a world without nuclear weapons and taking steps toward that goal. But for now, she said, and#34;nuclear weapons remain an essential means of deterring and defending the United States and our allies, and we must ensure the continued reliability and effectiveness of our nuclear forces.and#34;
NFU is strongly opposed by both parties and military elites
Ellsberg 2009 (Aug 08 2009 Ending Nuclear Terrorism: By America and Others by Daniel Ellsberg, MWC News, published article based upon from Chapter 8 of At the Nuclear Precipice: Catastrophe or Transformation?, edited by Richard Falk and David Krieger, Palgrave Macmillan, September 2008)
The program spelled out above (together with the no-first-use policy AND elites in both parties, and by major institutions supporting militarism and empire. Plan’s a giant loss – Howard Fineman 9/14, is editorial director of the Huffington Post Media Group. Huffington Post, Tim Kaineand#39;s Bold New War Proposal For Obama, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/14/tim-kaine-obama_n_3923450.html, jj
Conventional wisdom and history hold that presidents never willingly cede an angstrom of their power to wage war, which is grounded in their role as commander in chief. The corollary is that theyand#39;ll veto any efforts to limit such power -- which is what even the embattled Richard Nixon did in 1973.
American political analyst Norman Ornstein writes of the domestic context, In a system where AND affects the character of U.S. policy, foreign and domestic. Reducing war powers will end Obama’s credibility with Congress – it causes stronger GOP pushback on the debt ceiling – and the fight alone will wreck markets Seeking Alpha, 9/10/13 (“Syria Could Upend Debt Ceiling Fight”, http://seekingalpha.com/article/1684082-syria-could-upend-debt-ceiling-fight)
Unless President Obama can totally change a reluctant publicand#39;s perception of another Middle-Eastern AND U.S. obligations unless another last minute deal can be struck. Internal Link Backline - A2: Intrinsicness
1) Counter-interp -~-- judge is a policy analyst not a policy maker. 2) The DA is intrinsic. Specificity of our link and internal link evidence proves an inevitable result of passing the plan will be to derail _
3) Intrinsicness is a voting issue.
Makes the aff extra-topical, a moving target and justifies aff conditionality – kills clash and fairness
Infinitely regressive -~-- justifies perming any disad -~-- neg would always lose
Kills the politics disad -~-- key to current event knowledge about the nitty gritty of the political machine in DC, and real world cost-benefit skills. 4) Politics tests a key opportunity cost Saideman, associate professor of political science - McGill University, 7/25/’11 (Steve, “Key Constraint on Policy Relevance,” http://duckofminerva.blogspot.com/2011/07/key-constraint-on-policy-relevance.html)
Dan Drezner has a great AND gnash our teeth when it never happens.
A2: debt ceiling no collapse
Delay risks economic collapse Puzzanghera, 9/18/13 (Jim, “Delay in raising debt limit risky, Lew says” Los Angeles Times, lexis)
As the nation fast approaches its debt limit, AND and the risk of making a mistake could be catastrophic,and#34; he said.
10/1/13
GSU Doubles - Prolif 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall 1) Prolif is super slow—empirics disprove their fear mongering. Hymans 12—Jacques E. C. Hymans is Associate Professor of IR at USC May/June 2012, “Botching the Bomb,” Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137403/jacques-e-c-hymans/botching-the-bomb?page=show
The chronic problem of nuclear proliferation is once again dominating the news. A fierce AND the bomb for successful projects launched after 1970 has been about 17 years.
2) Prolif doesn’t snowball Potter and Mukhatzhanova, ’08 (William C. Potter and Gaukhar Mukhatzhanova, William C. Potter is Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. Gaukhar Mukhatzhanova is Research Associate at the James Martin Center. International Security, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Summer 2008), pp. 139–169 “Divining Nuclear Intentions”)
Hymans is keenly aware of the deficiency of past proliferation projections, which he attributes AND though not discussed by Hymans, also seems to fit this category. 3) Prolif is stabilizing -~-- it’s banished great power war Waltz ’10 (Kenneth N, adjunct professor of political science @ Columbia, senior research scholar in the Institute of War and Peace , the National Interest, “Is Nuclear Zero the Best Option?” Sep/Oct, Iss. 109; pg. 88, proquest, jj) War may not pay, as British economist Norman Angeli repeatedly claimed, but the AND would gain many fans. It does not seem to have done so.
Prefer our evidence -~-- theirs is thoroughly biased Gusterson, ‘04- professor of anthropology and sociology at George Mason University (Hugh, 7/14/04, Chapter 2 Nuclear Weapons and The Other, People Of The Bomb: Portraits of Americaand#39;s Nuclear Complex, p.24)
The dominant discourse that stabilizes this form of nuclear apartheid in western ideology is a AND of contemporary orientalist ideology is also to be found US national security discourse.
New proliferators will build small arsenals – uniquely stable. Seng, ‘98 – PhD Candidate in Pol. Sci. – U. Chicago (Jordan, Dissertation, STRATEGY FOR PANDORAand#39;S CHILDREN: STABLE NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AMONG MINOR STATES, p.203-206)
However, this and#34;state of affairsand#34; is not as dangerous as it might AND launched without a definite, informed and unambiguous decision to press that button.
Power-projecting states may be forced to consider the redeployment of military forces and AND space in favor, and increase the strategic influence, of their possessor.
History has moved us into the nuclear age, an age more dangerous and threatening AND of unknown thousands, maybe as much as 100,000 Iraqi people.
Reducing reliance on nuclear weapons increases risk of conventional conflict Sechser, ‘09 (Todd S. Sechser, Assistant Professor of Politics at the University of Virginia, “The Stabilizing Effects of Nuclear Proliferation”, Controversies in Globalization: Contending Approaches to International Relations, CQ Press, 2009, http://faculty.virginia.edu/ tsechser/Sechser-Haas-2009.pdf)
The optimist camp’s first and most important claim is that the presence of nuclear weapons AND to endure even a small risk that a conventional war might become nuclear.
Modern conventional war is unpredictable and would rapidly escalate – just as bad as nuclear war Blackwill and Larrabee, ’89 (Robert D. and Stephen F., Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Corporate Chair in European Security at the RAND Corporation, Conventional arms control and East-West security, p. 76-78)
A large-scale conventional war, even if it would not quickly boil over AND rateand#34; of people and equipment, of the share of irreplaceable losses.
10/1/13
GSU Doubles - T 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall *1NC – T – Only Humans
The aff is not topical -~-- introducing armed forces only refers to human troops, not weapons systems such as nukes -~-- prefer our interpretation because it’s based on textual analysis, legislative history, and intent of the WPR Lorber 13 – Eric Lorber, J.D. Candidate, University of Pennsylvania Law School, Ph.D Candidate, Duke University Department of Political Science. January 2013, and#34;Executive Warmaking Authority and Offensive Cyber Operations: Can Existing Legislation Successfully Constrain Presidential Power?and#34; University of Pennsylvania Journal of Contsitutional Law, 15 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 961, lexis nexis
As is evident from a textual analysis, n177 an examination of the legislative history AND is highly unlikely - such operations will not trigger the War Powers Resolution.
Vote negative for predictable limits -~-- nuclear weapons and unstaffed weapons systems are a whole topic on their own -~-- requires research into a whole separate literature base -~-- undermines preparedness for all debates.
10/1/13
GSU Doubles - T 2NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall A2: Armed Forces C/I
Interp not defining armed forces – defining armed forces structure US Armed Forces means active duty military personnel – prefer it – congressional definition US Congress 80 (and#34;U.S. Policy in the Far East,and#34; US Congress - House Committee on Foreign Affairs, p. 98) (a) and#34;United States armed forcesand#34; means the personnel on active duty belonging to the land, sea or air armed services of the United States of America when in the territory of Japan.
Armed Forces includes only uniformed military personnel Fisher ’12, Louis Fisher, Scholar in Residence, The Constitution Project; served for four decades at the Library of Congress, first as Senior Specialist, Congressional Research Service, from 1970 to March 2006, then Specialist in Constitutional Law, Law Library, from March 2006 to August 2010, 2012¶ Journal of National Security Law and Policy¶ 5 J. Natand#39;l Security L. and Poland#39;y 319, ARTICLE: Basic Principles of the War Power, Lexis, jj
In 1973, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution in an attempt to define AND in Pakistan and most recently greatly strengthened in the region around Yemen. n96
This is the only accurate reading of the resolution Kenneth B. Moss ‘02 is Associate Dean for Academic Programs in the Industrial AND Information Warfare and War Powers: Keeping the Constitutional Balance, Lexis, jj
Consider the War Powers Resolution of 1973, in which Congress tried to strengthen its AND the intent of the law. The provision clearly implies movement of personnel.
2NC – Not Nukes / A2: We Meet
They don’t meet—extend Lorber – only our ev is based on a textual analysis of the WPR and references congress’ intent when they wrote the bill – armed forces refers to only humans and explicitly excludes weapons and systems like nukes -~-- they are extra topical -~-- even if it involves humans “Armed Forces” does not include nuclear weapons – only our ev accounts for the intent of the WPR Hemesath ‘2k, Paul A. Hemesath *, * J.D./M.S.F.S. Georgetown University Law Center, School of Foreign Service, 2001; B.A. University of California at Los Angeles, 1996, Georgetown Law Journal¶ August, 2000¶ 88 Geo. L.J. 2473, NOTE: Whoand#39;s Got the Button? Nuclear War Powers Uncertainty in the Post-Cold War Era, Lexis, jj
*2481 Yet Congress has only occasionally attempted to formally challenge the Executiveand#39;s AND the military apparatus. The root constitutional question has thus remained unanswered. n60
Public statements prove they are distinct Lee Jae-bong ‘08 is a professor at Wonkwang University and an expert on the history of anti-American movements in Korea. The original article was published in Korean at (The Society of World Peace and Unification, The Journal of Peace Studies), Vol 9 No. 3 (December 15, 2008). http://www.japanfocus.org/-lee-jae_bong/3053#sthash.0obechK0.dpuf
Word that nuclear weapons were deployed in South Korea began to spread vaguely in the AND the South, and that it would maintain such weapons in South Korea.
Used to denote collectively only the regular components of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. See also Armed Forces of the United States.
They don’t meet – DOE has jurisdiction over nukes at: missiles are part of armed forces Russell Rumbaugh 3-19-’13, Director, Budgeting for Foreign Affairs and Defense, Stimson Center, and author of and#34;Resolving the Ambiguity of Nuclear Weapons Costsand#34; in Arms Control Today, June 2012, March 19, 2013, TRANSCRIPT AVAILABLE: Sustaining U.S. Nuclear Forces on a Tight Budget, http://www.armscontrol.org/node/5704, jj
But even if you leave those out and just focus on this crass offensive side, there’s still three problems. The first and easiest is two agencies own it. DOE owns the warheads; DOD owns the delivery systems.
Err neg – topic committee specifically used the phrase “Armed Forces of the United States” to avoid recycled nuclear debates.
A2: Reasonability/T Debates = Race To Bottom-~--2NC The point of our T arg is to determine what a reasonable interpretation of the topic is-~--our violation’s that they’re outside the scope of that Reasonability is a function the quality of their counter-interpretation—standards prove they are unreasonable.
A competing interpretations framework is critical – the resolution contains no words that provide an inherent limit, so we need to craft the best possible interpretation or else all predictability is lost Competing interpretations creates a race to the top—creates a competitive incentive to find the most defensible definitions, creates a stable topic. Reasonability’s bad -~--Neutrality – competing interpretations is the only objective way to determine topicality – you should err on the side of objectivity because topicality is a rule of the game -~--Silly – the aff doesn’t win if they almost outweigh a disad, they shouldn’t win if they’re almost topical
It’s arbitrary and undermines research Resnick 1 Evan- assistant professor of political science – Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement,” Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 54, Iss. 2 In matters of national security, establishing a clear definition of terms is a precondition AND and#34;engagement,and#34; they undermine the ability to build an effective foreign policy.
10/1/13
GSU Doubles - Threats 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall Threats don’t escalate, cause crisis instability or miscalc – make them outline a specific scenario Karas, Sandia National Laboratories Advanced Concepts Group project director, April 2001 Thomas H., Ph.D., and#34;De-alerting and De-activating Strategic Nuclear Weapons,and#34; Sandia Report, prepared by Sandia National Laboratories, http://infoserve.library.sandia.gov/cgi-bin/techlib/access-control.pl/2001/010835.pdf,
Nevertheless, interpretation of warning information will take place in the context of information about AND U.S. attack, a rapid nuclear response seems unlikely.
No impact to ambiguity and threats are credible Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, May 6, 2009, The Final Report of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, “America’s Strategic Posture”, William J. Perry, Chairman; James R. Schlesinger, Vice-Chairman, et al, p. 35, http://www.usip.org/files/file/strat_posture_report_adv_copy.pdf Second, the United States should retain calculated ambiguity as an element of its nuclear AND an aggressor by any means of U.S. choosing remains credible.
Congressional control is bad a) Budget fights cause ineffective congressional control of nuclear weapons Schwartz 08 (Stephen I. Schwartz is Editor of The Nonproliferation Review and WMD Junction, Nuclear Threat Initiative, and#34;Congressional Oversight of U.S. Nuclear Weaponsand#34;, http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/congressional-oversight-nuclear-weapons/, October 01, 2008)
With few exceptions, Congress has historically shown little interest in nuclear weapons matters except AND , even after military leaders began to realize they were mistaken.7
b) Secrecy, lack of resources, and bureaucracy make Congress ineffective Schwartz 08 (Stephen I. Schwartz is Editor of The Nonproliferation Review and WMD Junction, Nuclear Threat Initiative, and#34;Congressional Oversight of U.S. Nuclear Weaponsand#34;, http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/congressional-oversight-nuclear-weapons/, October 01, 2008)
In addition, as we have seen many members feel they lack the knowledge necessary AND not on the policies use to justify the spending programs in those budgets.
10/1/13
GSU Doubles - Threats 2NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Houston BL | Judge: Ed Lee, Brian DeLong, Sherry Hall A2: Accidents
Zero risk of accidents accidents— a) Risk of backlash Waltz, ‘95 – Professor of Poly Sci at Berkley; prominent IR scholar (Kenneth, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate, 1995, p. 29-30)
Deterrence is also a considerable guarantee against accidents, since it causes countries to take AND may begin accidentally, when less frightening conventional wars have rarely done so.
10/1/13
GSU Round 2 - Cult of the Presidency 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Edmund Zagorin Next off – the net benefit is: “Cult of the Presidency”: The 1AC’s non-institutional focus ignores the primacy of the presidency to American politics -~-- conservative social movements will inevitably engage the presidency -~-- the left can only be effective by recognizing that politics flows through the presidency -~-- the global uniquely shapes the local in this context Milkis et. al ’13, Sidney M. Milkis is the White Burkett Miller Professor of Politics and Faculty Associate of the Miller Center at the University of Virginia. He is author o/Theodore Roosevelt, the Progressive Party and the Transformation of American Democracy. Daniel J. Tichenor is the Philip H. Knight Professor of Political Science and Senior Fellow of the Wayne Morse Center for Law and Politics at the University of Oregon. He is author or editor of six hooks and numerous academic journal articles and chapters. Laura Blessing is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Politics at the University of Virginia. She is a 2012-13 recipient of the Bankard Pre-doctoral Dissertation Fellowship. Presidential Studies Quarterly43.3 (Sep 2013): 641-670., and#34;Rallying Forceand#34;: The Modern Presidency, Social Movements, and the Transformation of American Politics, Proquest, online, jj
This article analyzes the often fraught yet sometimes productive relationship between the modern presidency and AND deliberation and public judgment, the very practices that nurture a civic culture.
This year’s resolution offers a crucial opportunity for political engagement -~-- policy relevant debate about war powers decision-making is critical to hold the government accountable for their hypocrisy -~-- only engaging specific proposals and learning the language of the war-machine solves Ewan E. Mellor – European University Institute, Political and Social Sciences, Graduate Student, Paper Prepared for BISA Conference 2013, “Why policy relevance is a moral necessity: Just war theory, impact, and UAVs”, online
This section of the paper considers more generally the need for just war theorists to AND country” that we are “especially obligated to criticise its policies.”51
The aff undermines this goal -~-- by rejecting engagement with the presidency in favor of reliance on purely local politics they contribute to the decline of liberalism and the resurgence of conservative movements Milkis et. al ’13, Sidney M. Milkis is the White Burkett Miller Professor of Politics and Faculty Associate of the Miller Center at the University of Virginia. He is author o/Theodore Roosevelt, the Progressive Party and the Transformation of American Democracy. Daniel J. Tichenor is the Philip H. Knight Professor of Political Science and Senior Fellow of the Wayne Morse Center for Law and Politics at the University of Oregon. He is author or editor of six hooks and numerous academic journal articles and chapters. Laura Blessing is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Politics at the University of Virginia. She is a 2012-13 recipient of the Bankard Pre-doctoral Dissertation Fellowship. Presidential Studies Quarterly43.3 (Sep 2013): 641-670., and#34;Rallying Forceand#34;: The Modern Presidency, Social Movements, and the Transformation of American Politics, Proquest, online, jj
For a time, LBJand#39;s and#34;careful practicalityand#34; and moral leadership made him an AND Right than Johnson had been in seeking to leverage the civil rights revolution.
Using the university as a site for change is key Fisher ’05, Louis Fisher is senior specialist in separation of powers with the Congressional Research Service, the Library of¶ Congress. His books include American Constitutional Law and Military Tribunals and Presidential Power:¶ American Revolution to the War on Terrorism. Presidential Studies Quarterly 35, no. 3 (September), 2005, The Law: Scholarly Support for ¶ Presidential Wars, http://loc.gov/law/help/usconlaw/pdf/Fisher.scholars.pdf, jj
These studies are helpful, but public opinion will not start to turn until students AND policies in the ?eld of national security is the highest form of patriotism.
Only emphasizing policy relevance checks multiple existential threats Walt ’05, Stephen M. Walt, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 2005. 8:23–48, THERELATIONSHIPBETWEEN THEORY AND¶ POLICY IN INTERNATIONALRELATIONS,¶ doi: 10.1146/annurev.polisci.7.012003.104904, http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~rlipsch/Pol272/Walt.theory.pdf, jj
The need for powerful theories that could help policy makers design effective¶ solutions would AND day work of making and¶ managing foreign policy” (Wallace 1994).
That’s specifically true of presidential powers -~-- effective presidential scholarship key to address a litany of issues Lawrence R. Jacobs ’09, is the Walter F. and Joan Mondale Chair for Political Studies and director of the Center for the Study of Politics and Governance in the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute and Department of Political Science at the University of Minnesota. His most recent books include Class War?, The Unsustainable American State, Talking Together, and The Private Abuse of the Public Interest. Presidential Studies Quarterly39.4 (Dec 2009): 771-780., Building Reliable Theories of the Presidency, Proquest, jj
Presidential power is increasingly intertwined with the most AND its repertoire of theory and methods positions scholars to take on the challenge.
Nearly six years earlier, September 11 had inspired similar rhetorical excess, but with AND price of making the office the focus of our national hopes and dreams.
Finally, consequences matter and you have to defend against them Isaac 02 (Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale, Jeffery C., Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” p. Proquest)
As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
10/1/13
GSU Round 2 - Cult of the Presidency 2NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Edmund Zagorin Ov
rejection of the state and political relevance will collapse into authoritarianism and racism. Hogan ‘7 (Michael, Honorary Associate of Government and International Relations, University of Sydney, Australian Review of Public Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 1, August, p. 5-6)
The issues of ethnicity and concern for economic security came together in one of the AND out the ¶ conspiracies which have infiltrated the institutions of democracy and capitalism.
2NC – Accountability
Student debate about war powers is critical to overall American Political Development-~--influences the durable shifts in checks and balances Dominguez and Thoren 10 Casey BK, Department of Political Science and IR at the University of San Diego and Kim, University of San Diego, Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association, San Francisco, California, April 1-3, 2010, “The Evolution of Presidential Authority in War Powers”, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1580395
Students of American institutions should naturally be interested in the relationships between the president and AND study change over time in Congress’ relations to the other branches of government.
2NC – Turns Drones Aff
Only policy-relevant discussion of drones can hold the government accountable Ewan E. Mellor – European University Institute, Political and Social Sciences, Graduate Student , Paper Prepared for BISA Conference 2013, Why policy relevance is a moral necessity: Just war theory, impact, and UAVs, online
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), colloquially known as ‘drones’, AND are held to account according to the principles of the just war tradition.
*2NC – Link / Cult of the Presidency
Pragmatic engagement with the presidency is crucial to the success of their advocacy Milkis and Tichenor ’11, Sidney M. Milkis is the White Burkett Miller Professor AND , Social Movements, and Racial Realignments, Project Muse, online, jj
Presidents and social movements figure prominently in nearly every seismic shift in American political development AND AND might ensure the enforcement of the rights embodied by these landmark amendments.6
A2 no difference between liberals and conservatives
a pragmatic approach to anti-blackness is key Glaude ‘07, Eddie S. Glaude Jr., PhD – Professor of Religion and Chair of the Center for African American Studies at Princeton University, In a Shade of Blue: Pragmatism and the Politics of Black America, ebook accessed via Wayne State, pg ix-x
“Knowledge is power,” declared a young African American man attending the Tavis Smiley AND to show, is to open up new avenues for thinking about both.
A2: Co-Option Benefits of engagement outweigh the risks of co-option Milkis et. al ’13, Sidney M. Milkis is the White Burkett Miller Professor of Politics and Faculty Associate of the Miller Center at the University of Virginia. He is author o/Theodore Roosevelt, the Progressive Party and the Transformation of American Democracy. Daniel J. Tichenor is the Philip H. Knight Professor of Political Science and Senior Fellow of the Wayne Morse Center for Law and Politics at the University of Oregon. He is author or editor of six hooks and numerous academic journal articles and chapters. Laura Blessing is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Politics at the University of Virginia. She is a 2012-13 recipient of the Bankard Pre-doctoral Dissertation Fellowship. Presidential Studies Quarterly43.3 (Sep 2013): 641-670., and#34;Rallying Forceand#34;: The Modern Presidency, Social Movements, and the Transformation of American Politics, Proquest, online, jj
The relationship between the modern presidency and large-scale social movements, no matter AND a potent engine of reform and recasting the very character of American politics. A2: Bottom Up Good
Even if they win bottom up approach is key -~-- only our education/curriculum makes their movement effective Blumrosen ’11, Alfred W. Blumrosen and Steven M. Blumrosen*, * Alfred W. Blumrosen, Thomas A. Cowan Professor Emeritus Rutgers School of Law - Newark. B.A., J.D., University of Michigan. Author of Slave Nation: How Slavery United the Colonies and Sparked the American Revolution (2005) (with Ruth G. Blumrosen); The Realities Of Intentional Job Discrimination In Metropolitan America (2002) (with Ruth G. Blumrosen) (results of this project available at www.eeo1.com); Modern Law: the Law Transmission System and Equal employment Opportunity (1993); Black Employment and the Law, (1971), Strangers in Paradise: Griggs v. Duke Power Co. and the Concept of Employment Discrimination, 71 Mich. L. Rev. 59 (1972); Antidiscrimination Laws in Action in New Jersey: A Law-Sociology Study, 19 Rutgers L. Rev. 187 (1965). Further biographical information at Alfred W. Blumrosen, Rutgers School of Law - Newark, http://law.newark.rutgers.edu/our-faculty/faculty-profiles/alfred-w-blumrosen. Steven M. Blumrosen, B.A., University of Michigan; J.D., Quinnipiac University School of Law; practiced in Arizona from 1984 to 1996; taught computer science from 1996 to 2001; and Chief Information Officer and editorial consultant on and#34;Realitiesand#34; and and#34;Slave Nation.and#34; Both Alfred and Steven advised the Constitutional Litigation Clinic at Rutgers School of Law - Newark concerning New Jersey Peace Action v. Obama, 379 F. Appand#39;x 217 (3d Cir. May 10, 2010), cert. denied, 131 S. Ct. 937 (2011). Winter, 2011¶ Rutgers Law Review¶ 63 Rutgers L. Rev. 407, ARTICLE: RESTORING THE CONGRESSIONAL DUTY TO DECLARE WAR, Lexis, jj
There are other views on how to remedy the ineffectiveness of the Declare War Clause AND judgment on them, and behaving as a coequal, independent branch.and#34; n522
10/1/13
GSU Round 2 - Drones Good 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Edmund Zagorin Drones are the most effective, principled, and humane form of warfare Issacharoff and Pildes ’13, Samuel Issacharoff ¶ New York University School of Law¶ Richard H. Pildes ¶ New York University School of Law¶ April 1, 2013¶ New York University Law Review, Forthcoming ¶ NYU School of Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 12-40, Targeted Warfare: Individuating Enemy Responsibility, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2129860, jj
In our view, there are four myths about the modern use of drones to AND AND enabled U.S. military force to be “less brutal.”163
The aff’s critique of drones undermines this uniquely ethical tool Anderson 5-24-’13, Kenneth Anderson is a law professor at Washington College of Law, American University, a research fellow of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, a Non-Resident Visiting Fellow at the Brookings Institution, and a blogger. May 24, 2013, Real Clear Politics, The Case for Drones, http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2013/05/24/the_case_for_drones_118548.html, jj
But it is not only a strategy of effectiveness, convenience, and necessity. AND not only for Obama, but for future residents of the White House.
This matters -~-- blanket critiques of targeted killings and drones are politically counterproductive -~-- the aff has a moral obligation to offer a practical alternative to drones Issacharoff and Pildes ’13, Samuel Issacharoff ¶ New York University School of Law¶ Richard H. Pildes ¶ New York University School of Law¶ April 1, 2013¶ New York University Law Review, Forthcoming ¶ NYU School of Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 12-40, Targeted Warfare: Individuating Enemy Responsibility, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2129860, jj
Whether one accepts or not this particular self-reported drone operator¶ experience, AND citizens and that better serves the humanitarian aims of the laws of war.
Prefer a consequentialist perspective when evaluating the desirability of targeted killings -~-- they are necessary evil Chiese and Greenawalt ’12, Luis E. Chiesa* and Alexander K.A. Greenawalt, * Associate Professor of Law, Pace University School of Law. Associate Professor of Law, Pace University School of Law, Summer, 2012, Washington and Lee Law Review, 69 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 1371, Beyond War: Bin Laden, Escobar, and the Justification of Targeted Killing, Lexis, jj
E. Targeted Killings as Necessity or Lesser Evils Perhaps some targeted killings can be justified as cases of necessity or lesser evils. AND acting now may be its only chance to avert a terrorist strike.and#34; n220
State’s not inherently racist – it’s bad now because of poor engagement. Admittedly scary empirics shouldn’t close-off reformism. Their arg is net worse. Farber ‘98
Associate Dean for Faculty and Research, and Henry J. Fletcher Professor of Law, University of Minnesota. J.D., summa cum laude, University of Illinois School of Law, 1975. Richard Delgado, * Jean N. Lindsley Professor of Law, University of Colorado Law School. J.D., U.C. Berkeley School of Law, 1974. Thomas M. Cooley Law Review¶ 1998¶ 15 T.M. Cooley L. Rev. 361, KRINOCK LECTURE SERIES: IS AMERICAN LAW INHERENTLY RACIST?, Lexis
PROFESSOR KENDE: On behalf of Thomas M. Cooley Law School, I want AND make it more difficult for us to confront our important racial problems today.
The state can be redeemed -~-- abandoning the state’s counter-productive Brubaker 4 Rogers Brubaker, Department of Sociology, UCLA, 2004, In the Name of the Nation: Reflectionson Nationalism and Patriotism, Citizenship Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, www.sailorstraining.eu/admin/download/b28.pdf
This, then, is the basic work done by the category ‘nation’ in AND commitments can furnish the energies and passions that motivate and sustain civic engagement.
Whiteness isn’t a monolithic root cause-~--they shut off productive debate over solutions – means the alt fails Shelby 7 – Tommie Shelby, Professor of African and African American Studies and of Philosophy at Harvard, 2007, We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity Others might challenge the distinction between ideological and structural causes of black disadvantage, on AND developments (such as immigration policy or reduced federal funding for higher education).
Their assumption of social death misappropriates blackness—provides us with no actual alternative Bâ, Portsmouth University Film Professor, 11 (Saër Maty, The US Decentred, Cultural Studies Review, volume 17 number 2 September 2011)
A few pages into Red, White and Black, I feared that it would AND ? The coffle approaches with its answers in tow.’ (340)
In particular, American slavery was a struggle between masters’ attempt to impose “social AND community, is one of the fundamental experiences of the American political tradition.
We are students performing distinct pedagogies – the affirmative chooses to embrace despair and hopeless – this prevents social change and destroys value to life. Vote negative to endorse hope Denzin prof soc, comm, and humanities @ U Illinois urbana-champagne 2k3 (Norman, “Performing Auto Ethnography Politically” The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 25:257–278, www.citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.167.4086)
HOPE, PEDAGOGY, AND THE CRITICAL IMAGINATION As an interventionist ideology the critical imagination AND lives, to become active agents in shaping the history that shapes them.
Black progress over the past half-century has been impressive, conventional wisdom to AND with the optimism, insight, and energy that further progress surely demands.
The aff is a snake eating its own tail – ontologically opposing Blackness to Whiteness makes Black struggle STRUCTURALLY dependent on the existence of White Racism and wounded attachments to suffering Pinn 2004 (Anthony, Anthony B. Pinn is an American professor and writer whose work focuses on liberation theology, Black religion, and Black humanism. Pinn is the Agnes Cullen Arnold Professor of Humanities and Professor of Religious Studies at Rice University, “‘‘Black Is, Black Ain’t’’: Victor Anderson, African American Theological Thought, and Identity,” Dialog: A Journal of Theology, Volume 43, Number 1 . Spring 2004)
This connection between ontological blackness and¶ religion is natural because: ‘‘ontological blackness AND to¶ surrender personal interests for the sake of monolithic¶ collective status.
Effective drone program key to combat terrorism Byman ’13, DANIEL BYMAN is a Professor in the Security Studies Program at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University and a Senior Fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution. Foreign Affairs, July/August 2013, Why Drones Work: The Case for Washington’s Weapon of Choice, online
Despite President Barack Obama’s recent call to reduce the United States’ reliance on drones, AND comparatively low-risk way of targeting these areas while minimizing collateral damage.
Extinction Robert Ayson, July 2010, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 33, Issue 7, InformaWorld
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by AND for the terrorists. This might not help the chances of nuclear restraint.
Rage politics shuts down clash and discourse Kingwell 11, University of Toronto, Kingwell, Mark. “‘Fuck You’ and Other Salutations: Incivility as A Collective Action Problem”, Civility in Politics and Education. Éds. Deborah Mower et Wade L. Robison. New York: Routledge, 2011. jj
That is, if nothing else, an elegant piece of dialectical reasoning. Rudeness AND it destroys the goods we ¶ sought to gain in the ?rst place.
10/1/13
GSU Round 2 - Drones Good 1NR
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Edmund Zagorin Drones solve terrorism -~-- extend Byman -~-- they remove leaders and deny sanctuary in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Yemen, and Somalia -~-- they’re the least worst option and vital to our counter-terror efforts. The impact’s extinction -~-- that’s Ayson -~-- terrorism causes miscalculation via rising alert levels that draws in great powers and culminates in extinction
They have to answer our drones good arguments and defend a practical alternative -~-- extend Issacharoff and Pildes -~-- don’t allow them to side-step this or be vague and utopian about how we would conduct warfare in the world of the aff -~-- Blanket critiques of targeted killings and drones are politically counterproductive -~-- the aff has a moral obligation to offer a practical alternative to drones, since states will inevitably try to protect their citizens. Policy-makers will inevitably try to fight terror, its just a question of what tools are considered socially acceptable -~-- the aff might reduce reliance on drones, but if we win they increase reliance on worse methods you should vote neg.
They say morals must be objective -~-- morality is inherently subjective because they differ from person to person -~-- we can have subjective morality based on little t truth claims
Prefer a consequentialist perspective when evaluating the desirability of targeted killings -~-- they are necessary evil Chiese and Greenawalt ’12, Luis E. Chiesa* and Alexander K.A. Greenawalt, * Associate Professor of Law, Pace University School of Law. Associate Professor of Law, Pace University School of Law, Summer, 2012, Washington and Lee Law Review, 69 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 1371, Beyond War: Bin Laden, Escobar, and the Justification of Targeted Killing, Lexis, jj
E. Targeted Killings as Necessity or Lesser Evils Perhaps some targeted killings can be justified as cases of necessity or lesser evils. AND acting now may be its only chance to avert a terrorist strike.and#34; n220
*Ext – drones good
Targeted killings are ethical and effective -~-- extend Issacharoff, chieese, Pildes, and Anderson -~-- they enhance the morality of warfare by allowing us to discriminate between high-level, low-level figures, and civilians. Their kritiks of detachment are the same recycled arguments people used to oppose things like sling shots, sniper rifles, and the Red Cross, which have made warfare more humane. Their ev romanticizes past methods of war, while ignoring that is precisely the detached nature of drone operators that allows than to be more precise than scared 21 year-olds using machine guns to attack a vaguely identified threat. Detachment and remoteness enable precision that prevents civilian casualties while combating insurgents Drones should be recognized as the most ethical weapon to date -~-- putting distance between combatants and the battlefield is good -~-- all their K’s miss the fact that drones don’t present any unique ethical issues Brooks ’12, Rosa Brooks is a law professor at Georgetown University and a Schwartz senior fellow at the New America Foundation. She served as a counselor to the U.S. defense undersecretary for policy from 2009 to 2011 and previously served as a senior advisor at the U.S. State Department. Her weekly column runs every Wednesday and is accompanied by a blog, By Other Means. 9-5-’12, Foreign Policy, Whatand#39;s Not Wrong With Drones?, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/05/whats_not_wrong_with_drones?page=full, jj
2. Drones strikes are bad because killing at a distance is unsavory.¶ Really AND which is hateful to Godand#34; -- at least when used against Christians.
First, states have a primary responsibility for the protection of their own citizens. AND ethically: where civilian casualties cannot be avoided, they must be minimized.
A2: War Against Islam
The war on terror is not a war against Islam -~-- only terrorists are guilty of conducting a total war Elshtain ‘3 (Jean Bethke, Prof. Social and Pol. Ethics – U. Chicago, “Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World”, p. 63-65, jj)
Within the just war tradition, by contrast, nuances are not only possible but AND and of the importance of keeping justice itself alive in how we fight.
Biopower
No impact to biopower / biopolitics:
A) Democracy checks Dickinson 4 (UC Berkeley – History, Edward Ross, “Biopolitics, Fascism, Democracy: Some Reflections on Our Discourse About “Modernity,” Central European History, vol. 37, no. 1, 1–48)
In short, the continuities between early twentieth-century biopolitical discourse and the practices AND of biopolitics, the only end point of the logic of social engineering.
Critics of executive power implicitly appeal to a slippery-slope argument: once executive AND powers or of decree authority to executives do not systematically end in dictatorship. Rest of case
The state is not inherently racist -~-- its only bad now because of poor engagement -- we shouldn’t close off reform – that’s faber -- we’re empirically able to forumalate change – that’s bruanker -~-- blanket negation of the state simply forecloses civic engagement
Shelby says that whiteness isn’t a monolithic root case -~-- I’ll finish the rest of the card here
thus that systematic empirical inquiry, historical studies, and rigorous social analysis are required AND developments (such as immigration policy or reduced federal funding for higher education).
Now their use of identity politics don’t addess all violence -~-- identity is only one source of conflict – we need to willing to address materialmatters too like disputes over competition -~-- that’s gries
*We are students performing distinct pedagogies – the affirmative chooses to embrace despair and hopeless – this prevents social change and destroys value to life. Vote negative to endorse hope Denzin prof soc, comm, and humanities @ U Illinois urbana-champagne 2k3 (Norman, “Performing Auto Ethnography Politically” The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 25:257–278, www.citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.167.4086)
HOPE, PEDAGOGY, AND THE CRITICAL IMAGINATION As an interventionist ideology the critical imagination AND lives, to become active agents in shaping the history that shapes them.
Extra racism cards *extention to inherent racism arg Their assumption of social death misappropriates blackness—provides us with no actual alternative Bâ, Portsmouth University Film Professor, 11 (Saër Maty, The US Decentred, Cultural Studies Review, volume 17 number 2 September 2011)
A few pages into Red, White and Black, I feared that it would AND ? The coffle approaches with its answers in tow.’ (340)
In particular, American slavery was a struggle between masters’ attempt to impose “social AND community, is one of the fundamental experiences of the American political tradition.
Black progress over the past half-century has been impressive, conventional wisdom to AND both the quality of life for blacks and race relations had gotten better. Thus, progress—by many measures seemingly so clear—is viewed as an AND with the optimism, insight, and energy that further progress surely demands.
*The aff is a snake eating its own tail – ontologically opposing Blackness to Whiteness makes Black struggle STRUCTURALLY dependent on the existence of White Racism and wounded attachments to suffering Pinn 2004 (Anthony, Anthony B. Pinn is an American professor and writer whose work focuses on liberation theology, Black religion, and Black humanism. Pinn is the Agnes Cullen Arnold Professor of Humanities and Professor of Religious Studies at Rice University, “‘‘Black Is, Black Ain’t’’: Victor Anderson, African American Theological Thought, and Identity,” Dialog: A Journal of Theology, Volume 43, Number 1 . Spring 2004)
This connection between ontological blackness and¶ religion is natural because: ‘‘ontological blackness AND to¶ surrender personal interests for the sake of monolithic¶ collective status.
10/1/13
GSU Round 2 - Framework 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Edmund Zagorin 2) Clash is predicated off of a stable topic, when there is no stability in a debate, all substantive argumentation is mooted. Shively, 2k (Assistant Prof Political Science at Texas AandM, Ruth Lessl, Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2)
The requirements given thus far are primarily negative. The ambiguists must say and#34;no AND . In other words, contestation rests on some basic agreement or harmony.
Lack of a stasis point engates clash – that’s the biggest impact in the round and internally link turns their pedagogy – the Neg’s ability to contest Aff claims improves BOTH TEAMS’ knowledge. O’Donnell 4 – PhD, director of debate at Mary Washington (Tim, WFU Debaters Research Guide, and#34;Blue helmet bluesand#34;, ed. Bauschard 26 Lacy, http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/DRGArtiarticlesIndex.htm)
The answer, I believe, resides deep in the rhetorical tradition in the often AND stand to lose a great deal when we refuse a genuine starting point.
AND Lack of clash collapses the transformative potential of the 1AC Tonn ’05 (Mari Boor, Professor of Communication – University of Maryland, “Taking Conversation, Dialogue, and Therapy Public”, Rhetoric and Public Affairs, Vol. 8, Issue 3, Fall)
Perhaps the most conspicuous effort at replacing public debate with therapeutic dialogue was President Clintonand#39;s AND nor attitude adjustments fostered through psychotherapy but, rather, unrestricted opportunities.102
10/1/13
GSU Round 2 - Framework 2NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Edmund Zagorin First is testing -~-- that’s O’Donnell- by negating clash their framework prevents investigating whether their method is effective -~-- this turns all their arguments -~-- only rigorous testing can improve their method -~-- err negative because we cant refute the aff absent a stable text. Everybody in this room is in agreement that is bad, so the purpose of debate should be to find the best solutions to that problem -~-- the aff’s refusal to defend a material action prevents this Ehninger ’59 Douglas Ehninger – PhD – THE Ohio State, Associate Professor of Speech at the University of Florida, associate editor of QJS, former editor of the Southern Speech Journal, and editor-elect of SM, “DECISION BY DEBATE: A RE-EXAMINATION”, Quarterly Journal of Speech; Oct59, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p282, 6p, 286-287, online, jj
Because the purpose of debate is to test alternative means of achieving a common end AND deliberation, is, we must conclude, a co-operative endeavor.
This is distinct from limits and link turns their pedagogy -~-- when the Aff eschews advocating any action or presenting a stasis point, the Neg’s less-effective at challenging Aff claims. Clash good -~-- negotiated Stasis is pre-req to knowledge. Without a predictable basis for research, clash is shallow and doesn’t genuinely test the truth value of their arguments — this undermines the epistemic benefits of debate and means you should be suspect of all of their claims because we couldn’t adequately refute them Zappen ’4 (James, Prof. Language and Literature – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and#34;The Rebirth of Dialogue: Bakhtin, Socrates, and the Rhetorical Traditionand#34;, p. 35-36)
Finally, Bakhtin describes the Socratic dialogue as a carnivalesque debate between opposing points of AND in Soocratesand#39; successive refutations and humiliations of Gorgias, Polus, and Callicles.
A2: We Solve Clash
Just discussing the topic is insufficient—they must present a concrete stasis point in order for meaningful clash to occur Panetta 10 (Panetta, Edward M., PhD and debate director at the University of Georgia, published 2010“Controversies in Debate Pedagogy: Working Paper”, Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, Wake Forest National Debate Conference)
For adherents to the traditional mode of debate, when one retreats from grounding stasis AND to make an effort to relate a rhetorical strategy to the national topic.
A2: Forcing Us to Defend USFG Bad
We will define fiat here - It is tool to allow debaters to imagine a world where the plan is enacted for the purpose of evaluating if we as citizens should support it – It would be impossible and irresponsible for debate to function any other way Michael Eber, former Director of Debate at Michigan State University, “Everyone Uses Fiat”, April 8th 2005, http://www.opensubscriber.com/message/edebate@ndtceda.com/1077700.html
It is shocking to me how, after literally a DECADE of debates, no AND the stupid phrases and#34;pre-fiatand#34; and and#34;post-fiat.and#34;
*A2: Exclusion – General Debate is self-reflexive and self-correcting -~-- it allows the very terms and shortfalls of debate itself to be scrutinized -~-- your debate bad arguments prove why debate is good Debate is self-correcting—even if it is exclusionary, it trains people in the tools to change the process and fight domination STANNARD, PF COMMUNICATION AND JOURNALISM, 6 MATT, “DELIBERATION, DEMOCRACY AND DEBATE”, legalcommunication.blogspot.com/2006/08/deliberation-debate-and-democracy-in.html Sometimes this means conducting deliberative polls or favoring the referendum process. Other times it AND -reflective and at least has the potential to be self-correcting.
10/1/13
GSU Round 2 - Video PIC 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Edmund Zagorin THE 1AC’S SUBMISSION OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER THE SIGN OF VISIBLE BY USE OF VIDEOS, PLACES ALL OF KNOWLEDGE AND REALITY UNDER THE DOMINANCE OF THE VISUAL. THEY BELIEVE IN THE VIRILE POWER OF THE VISUAL TO ILLUMINATE THE WORLD PERFECTLY BEFORE AND ASSUMED ABILITY OF THE STATE TO PERFECTLY SEE AND KNOW THE BODY POLITIC. Siisiäninen 2008 (Lauri, political science researcher @ U of Jyväskylä, “From the Empire of the Gaze to Noisy Bodies: Foucault, Audition, and Medical Power” Theory and Event, 11:1)
When it comes to the role of audition in the sensorial triangle of clinical experience, Foucaultand#39;s argumentation takes quite an interesting turn: AND empire of the gaze without partitions (land#39;empire sans cloison du regard).and#34; 19
This gaze creates state violence and death. Vote neg to endorse the 1AC’s politics minus their presentation of an occularcentric video This CREATED A VISIBILE BODY TO BE SURVEILLED, MANAGED, PROJECTED, AND ULTIMATELY DIAGNOSED AND CURED IS THE POWER TO ASSIGN VALUE AND ELIMINATE UNDERSIRABLE ELEMENTS WHICH PLAYS OUT AS RACISM AND GENOCIDE DEPLOYED IN THE NAME OF DEFENDING LIFE AND TRUTH. WE CAN ADVOCATE THE 1AC MINUS THE BIOPOLITICAL GAZE INHERENT TO THEIR VIDEO Giroux 6 (Henry, the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department, “Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability,” College Literature, Vol. 33, No. 3)
Within the last few decades, matters of state sovereignty in the new world order AND purification of the race, to exercise its sovereign power” (258).
10/1/13
GSU Round 2 - Video PIC 1NR
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Edmund Zagorin Occularcentrism presumes a penetrating vision that can understand and control everything. Every way of being in the world is reduced to a purely instrumental understanding – voting aff just reasserts western metaphysics Spanos ‘8 (William V, you would look for quals, you expertist ass, American Exceptionalism in the Age of Globalization: The Specter of Vietnam, SUNY Press 2008, p. 62-64)
Althusser, it will be recalled, begins his analysis of the problematic by asserting AND inhering in Matthew Arnold’s privileging of “culture” over “anarchy.”8
10/1/13
GSU Round 4 - Debt Ceiling 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota ST | Judge: Josh Gonzalez GOP will capitulate to demands for a clean debt ceiling bill and it will pass – Obamacare and other issues will not appear in the final bill.
Republicans seeking to curb President Barack Obama’s health-care law probably will capitulate to AND said Murray, 62, fourth-ranking Democrat in the Senate’s leadership.
After a week in which President Obama narrowly averted a bruising defeat on Capitol Hill AND working with the White House on fiscal issues, said the appeal resonated.
Loss of PC forces Obama to negotiate over debt ceiling preconditions – causes extended battle Chait, 13 Jonathan Chait, commentator and writer for New York magazine. He was previously a senior editor at The New Republic and a former assistant editor of The American Prospect. He also writes a periodic column in the Los Angeles Times, New York Magazine, 4/26/13, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/04/democrats-lost-sequestration-two-years-ago.html
and#34;Obamaand#39;s mistake wasnand#39;t the design of sequestration. AND their blunder and do better next time.
Even if a deal is eventually reached to prevent hitting the ceiling a protracted fight is economic sabotage – collapse growth, markets and confidence. Dave Johnson, Campaign for Americaand#39;s Future | Op-Ed Fresh Hell When Congress Returns September 4 2013 11:25 http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/18597-fresh-hell-when-congress-returns There are two different levels of economic damage from a debt-ceiling fight. AND fight has to be seen for what it is: “economic sabotage.”
Nuclear war Khalilzad ’11 Zalmay was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, “ The Economy and National Security”, 2-8-11, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, MCR
Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to AND , hostile states would be emboldened to make aggressive moves in their regions.
No Solvency Deference is inevitable – the best they can achieve is inconsistent application of precedent. Posner and Vermeule, 10 - *professor of law at the University of Chicago AND professor of law at Harvard (Eric and Adrian, The Executive Unbound, p. 52-54)
THE COURTS We now turn from Congress to the courts, the other main hope of liberal AND and they will have little sticking power when the next crisis rolls around.
They can’t solve but the interference still undermines executive decision-making Posner and Vermeule, 7 – *Kirkland and Ellis Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School AND professor at Harvard Law School (Eric and Adrian, Terror in the Balance: Security, Liberty, and the Courts p. 30-31)
As a matter of fact, this baseline picture is almost certainly incorrect. Government AND expect that courts can improve upon government’s emergency policies in any systematic way.
A different view, however, is that the history is largely one of political AND in governmental performance. Therefore, deference to government should increase during emergencies.
Executive flexibility solves nuclear war Yoo 12 (John Yoo, American attorney, law professor, and author. He served as a political appointee, the Deputy Assistant US Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice (OLC), during the George W. Bush administration. “War Powers Belong to the President”¶ Posted Feb 1, 2012,¶ http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/war_powers_belong_to_the_president) A radical change in the system for making war might appease critics of presidential power AND time to introduce sweeping, untested changes in the way we make war.
CMR
Civil military relations stable now -~-- discussions are candid and open Ricks and Crist 8-16-’13, Thomas E. Ricks covered the U.S. military for the Washington Post from 2000 through 2008. Dr. David Crist is a senior historian for the U.S. government and a special advisor to senior officals in the U.S. government. He frequent advises senior government officials on the Middle East. As an officer in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, Crist served two tours with special operations forces in Afghanistan and Iraq. His prior publications include Gulf of Conflict: A History of U.S.-Iranian Confrontation at Sea (Washington Institute, 2009). He holds a B.A. from the University of Virginia and a masterand#39;s and doctorate in Middle Eastern history from Florida State University., The and#39;Foreign Policyand#39; transcript (I): Our basic problem over the last 10 years has been decisionmaking at the top level, http://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/08/16/the_fp_transcript_xth_and_last_what_the_last_9_segments_tell_us_about_the_state_of_, jj
Crist: Well I think itand#39;s all interrelated -- issues in Afghanistan, issues in AND both sides of it. And I have seen it be quite candid.
Plan kills CMR McAuliff 5-24-’13 Michael McAuliff was a Washington correspondent for the New York Daily News, where he covered Sen. Hillary Clinton, the 2008 presidential campaign, and the fight over the 9/11 health and compensation law. Before coming to the paper in 2003 as a national and metro desk editor, he was the national editor of ABCNews.com. He was also the national editor of the groundbreaking crime-news site APB News.com. He went to Brooklyn College, and got his start covering news in New York City. 5-24-’13, Huffington Post, Guantanamo Bay: Obama Prescription Is At Odds With Top Military Advisers, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/24/guantanamo-bay-obama_n_3333432.html, jj
Guantanamo Bay: Obama Prescription Is At Odds With Top Military Advisers¶ WASHINGTON -- AND , finding it difficult to find countries willing to accept former terrorism suspects.
Their impact claims are hype that have been consistently empirically disproven . Feaver and Kohn ‘5 Peter Feaver, professor of Political Science and Public Policy and the director of the Triangle Institute for Security Studies at Duke University, and Richard H. Kohn, Professor of History at the University of North Carolina, 2005, “The Gap: Soldiers, Civilians, and Their Mutual Misunderstanding,” in American Defense Policy, 2005 edition, ed. Paul J. Bolt, Damon V. Coletta, Collins G. Shackelford, p. 339
Concerns about a troublesome divide between the armed forces and the society they serve are AND by civilian elites and the general public. Our project provides some answers. CMR resilient – inherent patriotism and support for the troops Carafano 8 (James Jay, senior research fellow for national security at The Heritage Foundation, “Soldiers, Civilians, and ‘The Great War’” accessed 7-22, http://www.heritage.org/press/commentary/ed050808b.cfm)JFS Civil-military relations are back in the news. There could not be a AND and challenges. America survived them all—and helped win the war.
Bioterror
Our general terrorism defense takes out their bioterror adv Terrorists can’t get bioweapons The Economist 1-8-11 (“A bug’s life; Bioterror; Africa and security,” lexis, jj)
Sceptics say Mr Lugar is scaremongering abroad for political gain at home. He may AND Africa, or organised criminals, have the technical ability to do that.
The worst case scenario happened – no extinction Dove 12 Alan Dove, PhD in Microbiology, science journalist and former Adjunct Professor at New York University, “Who’s Afraid of the Big, Bad Bioterrorist?” Jan 24 2012, http://alandove.com/content/2012/01/whos-afraid-of-the-big-bad-bioterrorist/ The second problem is much more serious. Eliminating the toxins, we’re left with AND biodefense industry is a far greater threat to us than any actual bioterrorists. Attack would fail Mueller 6 - John Mueller, Professor of Political Science and International Relations at Ohio State, 06, Overblown p. 20-22 Properly developed and deployed, biological weapons could indeed, if thus far only in AND know about biological warfare the easier he seems to think the task is.and#34;
Bioterrorism is too complicated – terrorists would use other methods Stolar 6 – Alex Stolar, research officer for the Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, October 2006, and#34;Bioterrorism and US Policy Responsesand#34; http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/1659566521IPCS-Special-Report-31.pdf Moreover, a lingering question is, why would terrorists use bioweapons in an attack AND from this effective formula to bioterrorism which is expensive and of questionable reliability?
10/1/13
GSU Round 4 - Executive CP 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota ST | Judge: Josh Gonzalez The Executive Branch of the United States federal government should: ? Begin to transfer Guantanamo detainees that are already slated for release to their home or third party countries. ? Provide assistance to these third party countries to ensure safe transfer and detention ? Waive the requirement that receiving countries take certain steps to ensure detainees do not engage in terrorist activity ? Lift its moratorium on releasing detainees to Yemen ? Prosecute or release the remaining detainees ? Appoint a high-level official to intensify transfer negotiations with third party receiving countries ? Issue formal apologies and reparations to persons detained erroneously ? Ensure these detainees receive civilian trials. ? Halt military bioweapons research
In his remarks, made in response to questions at the White House press briefing AND were not war crimes and hence not within the jurisdiction of the commissions.¶
10/1/13
GSU Round 4 - Executive CP 2NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota ST | Judge: Josh Gonzalez XO
A2: Do Both – vs. Courts
Links to politics – no shielding arg – odnt let them make one Judicial review of foreign policy decks the executive flexibility necessary to solve prolif, terror, and the rise of hostile powers-~--link threshold is low Robert Blomquist 10, Professor of Law, Valparaiso University School of Law, THE JURISPRUDENCE OF AMERICAN NATIONAL SECURITY PRESIPRUDENCE, 44 Val. U.L. Rev. 881 Supreme Court Justices--along with legal advocates--need to conceptualize and prioritize big AND ,and#34; n48 as determined by the POTUS and his national security executive subordinates.
CP Solves – Soft Power / Legitimacy
Modeling – no reason that key. WE end indefinite detention – prevents recruitment, shores up legitimacy and lets us bully Putin
We agree we don’t solve deference. We are impact turning that adv
President Barack Obama’s renewed request to close the prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, AND with his legal obligations should surely be at the top of the list.
The president solves modeling, signal, and international perception -~-- Obama weighing in on the merits of a policy outweighs the process which it is passed - Foreign countries don’t care about the nitty-gritty of inter-agency process, they want to see Obama has taken a stand on the issue -~-- which the CP solves - President obviously perceived. The CP lays the groundwork for an intl coalition Singer 5-23-’13, Peter W. Singer, Director, Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence, Brookings Institution, Finally, Obama Breaks His Silence on Drones, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/05/23-drones-obama-singer, jj
As this played out, the presidentand#39;s absence from the debate became more and more AND set the terms of the debate and steer it toward more positive ends.
In the long run, Mr Obama’s speech may be remembered for effects far from AND Mr Bellinger, but “this is how customary international law is made”.
2NC A2: Solvency deficit
They say restrictions block- group the Rosenberg cards Framing issue -~-- their evidence only says Congress is key because it assumes Obama won’t act, not that he can’t act to shut down Gitmo. CP resolves that. Ackerman 5-22-’13, SPENCER ACKERMAN, Brooklyn-raised, DC-based defense nerd. Reported from Iraq, Afghanistan and Guantanamo Bay a couple times, 05.22.13, Wired, 4 Questions Obama’s Big National Security Speech Should Answer, http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2013/05/obama-terror-speech/all/, jj
As commander-in-chief, Obama has the power to empty Guantanamo Bay AND to face either objection squarely, Guantanamo won’t close. It’ll only move.
MYTH: Congressional restrictions are the only impediment to transferring terrorist detainees to third countries AND editorial page has urged President Obama to use this waiver to transfer detainees.
2NC – Politics NB – Generic And the CP preserves Obama’s horse trading and compromise abilities – plan doesn’t Sovocool and Sovocool, ‘09 - Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at Preventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United States,” lexis)
Executive Orders also save time in a second sense. AND Executive Orders bypass congressional debate and opposition, along with all of the horse-trading and compromise such legislative activity entails. n292
Executive orders don’t link to politics- Prefer our evidence in context of Obama Davies ‘09 - Washington correspondent; Previously been the State Political Editor and Urban Affairs editor for The Sydney Morning Herald, spent ten years covering Federal politics (Anne, The Age, “100 days in FDRand#39;s shadow”, April 25, 2009 Saturday )
Beyond his core priorities, Obama has limited himself to actions that can be achieved AND A1111billion) stimulus package, the biggest in US history, in 20days.
A2: Rollback – Generic
1) Fiat solves rollback – it’s justified - Reciprocal – aff gets durable fiat means the neg should too - Ground – ensures aff doesn’t lose on backlash and its key to neg ground - Education – avoids should/would debates and focuses on the merits of the plan
2) Most executive orders aren’t overturned. Murray 99 Frank, “Clinton’s Executive Orders are Still Packing a Punch: Other Presidents Issued More, but His are Still Sweeping” Washington Times http://www.englishfirst.org/13166/13166wtgeneral.html Clearly, Mr. Clinton knew what some detractors do not: Presidential successors of AND still highly coveted and often revealed only in the obituary of its recipient.
3) Executive orders are fast and won’t be rolled back Fisher 7 (Louis Fisher, Scholar in Residence at the Constitution Project, 2007, A review of “Executive Orders and the Modern Presidency: Legislating from the Oval Office” by Adam Warber, Political Science Quarterly Vol. 121 Issue 4, 712-713, ProQuest)
A reader may draw the erroneous conclusion that the significance of executive orders is not AND . Without pushback from other branches, executive orders remain a potent weapon.
THE SUPREME COURT struck down an unusually large number of statutes this term. Just AND much trouble as the gavel comes down for the last time this summer.
Judicial intervention into war powers crushes legitimacy Nzelibe ’06, Jide Nzelibe, Assistant Professor of Law, Northwestern University Law School. B.A. 1993, St. Johnand#39;s College; M.P.A. 1995, Princeton; J.D. 1998, Yale, Iowa Law Review¶ March, 2006¶ 91 Iowa L. Rev. 993, ARTICLE: A Positive Theory of the War-Powers Constitution, Lexis, jj
Furthermore, the risk of non-compliance with judicial decisions also implicates the institutional AND that judicially prompted congressional intervention will change the current war-powers landscape.
Legitimacy key to the rule of law Schapiro 8-5-’13, Robert A. Schapiro, dean and Asa Griggs Candler professor of law at Emory University School of Law., Op-ed contributor, Christian Science Monitor, Objection! Americansand#39; opinion of Supreme Court canand#39;t keep dropping, Lexis, jj
Public confidence in the judiciary provides a critical foundation for a society committed to the AND decisions may well depend on the level of respect that the courts enjoy.
Rule of law’s crucial to uphold unipolarity and maintain hegemony -~-- outweighs the aff Knowles ’09 Robert Knowles, Acting Assistant Professor, New York University School of Law, Spring, 2009, ARIZONA STATE LAW JOURNAL, 41 Ariz. St. L.J. 87, American Hegemony and the Foreign Affairs Constitution, LEXIS, jj
The hegemonic model also reduces the need for executive branch flexibility, and the institutional AND executive branch to make and#34;abrupt or aggressive moves toward other states.and#34; n424
Heg high and sustainable now – overwhelming power Tufts Daily 2-23-11 (Prashanth Parameswaran, masterand#39;s candidate at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, writer for the New Strait Times, Strait Times and China Post, and former CSIS intern, “America is not in decline” http://www.tuftsdaily.com/op-ed/prashanth-parameswaran-the-asianist-1.2478466, jj)
I donand#39;t. Very little about and#34;American declineand#34; is real or new. AND the rise of a new world order that many seem to reflexively accept.
Another popular argument for leaving Guantanamo Bay open is that merely closing the ¶ prison AND S. will not change overnight with the ¶ closing of Guantanamo Bay.
Alt caus – drones Dowd 6-7-’13, Alan W. Dowd is an award-winning writer with experience in opinion journalism, public-policy research and communications consultancy. He is nationally recognized for his commentaries on issues ranging from faith to foreign policy. Front Page Magazine, Obama’s Renewed War on Guantanamo, http://frontpagemag.com/2013/alan-w-dowd/obamas-renewed-war-on-guantanamo/, jj
Bush’s successor is learning that motives don’t matter to critics of the drone war, AND borrow a phrase, it seems the drone war hurts our international standing.
U.S. Hegemony is high and sustainable—balancing won’t happen Carla Norrlof, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Toronto, 2010, “America’s Global Advantage: US Hegemony and International Cooperation”, p. 2-3
In my view, the doomsayers are mistaken. I argue that American hegemony is AND . The United States is not invincible but its dominance is currently steady.
But we should be careful with Obama’s words. He is a master rhetorician, AND the rhetoric, Obama won’t substantially forgo this weapon in any substantive way.
President Barack Obamaand#39;s speech on May 23 should be commended for acknowledging that the United AND White House claims that drones target only the most senior al Qaeda leaders.
Even if decreasing – our ev says damage is permanent Tons of alt causes to soft power, and plan conveys US weakness which turns the impact Blum ’09, Stephanie Cooper Blum, attorney for the Department of Homeland Security. She received a Masterand#39;s Degree in Security Studies from the Naval Postgraduate School in December 2008, Hilary Term, 2009¶ THOMAS M. COOLEY LAW REVIEW¶ 26 T.M. Cooley L. Rev. 51, SYMPOSIUM ISSUE: THE WARTIME CONSTITUTION: THE CHANGING BALANCE OF POWER AMONG THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT IN WARTIME: ARTICLE: THE WHY AND HOW OF PREVENTIVE DETENTION IN THE WAR ON TERROR, Lexis, jj
Furthermore, there are consequences to coercive interrogation. Al-Marriand#39;s attorneys assert that AND without allowing the practice to infect and#34;garden-varietyand#34; crimes. n151
A new analysis by a think tank shows that Washingtonand#39;s drop-dead deadline for AND .1 trillion to $17.8 trillion. To top of page Econ decline results in Extinction Kemp 10 Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4
The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first AND expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.
Impact – Turns Heg Turns their heg args
Friedberg and Schoenfeld 8 Aaron, Prof. Politics. And IR @ Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, and Gabriel, Senior Editor of Commentary and Wall Street Journal, “The Dangers of a Diminished America” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html
Then there are the dolorous consequences of a potential collapse of the worldand#39;s financial architecture AND of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures. Impact – Turns Terrorism Economic collapse causes terrorism – increase recruitment too
Kevin J. Fandl 04, Adjunct Law Professor - Washington College of Law, ‘4 (19 Am. U. Intand#39;l L. Rev. 587)
But even as Mr. Obama’s approval ratings have dropped sharply, they still remain well above the abysmal levels recorded by Congress. Karlyn Bowman, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, said Mr. Obama added to the public disaffection with Washington with his handling of Syria. “Nobody in Washington,” she added, “looks very good these days.”
The U.S. president still has some political capital at his disposal. AND in Q4 and take decisive steps towards restoring the fiscal health of America.
Fiscal policies have united Dems behind Obama and he’s using the bully pulpit to attack the GOP – GOP divided and failing now -~-- this answers their summer warrant too
There’s a simple reason President Barack Obama is using his bully pulpit to focus the AND concessions from the president to “defund” his signature health care law.
Obama spending cap on debt ceiling Obama is using his recent speeches to spend cap now on debt ceiling
After weeks of dealing with hairy foreign policy issues and grave conflicts overseas, President AND , raising the debt ceiling and leaving funding for his healthcare law intact.
A2: Winners Win I don’t think their ev makes a winners win warrant -~-- but I’ll answer the tag -- Winners don’t win Eberly 13 - assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at St. Maryand#39;s College of Maryland Todd, “The presidential power trap,” Baltimore Sun, 1/21/13, Lexis
Only by solving the problem of political capital is a president likely to avoid a AND the current presidentand#39;s mind today as he takes his second oath of office.
The United States national debt has taken a backseat over the past couple of months AND the country’s economic output within the next 25 years unless action is taken.
The moment Congress flips the switch and puts the Syria debate on the backburner, AND could find a way to prioritize payments to bondholders but they aren’t convinced.
Republicans yesterday looked to wrest a political victory from a legal defeat in the Supreme Court, AND a prominent GOP political strategist who was political director for Bushand#39;s reelection campaign in 2004.
Unless President Obama can totally change a reluctant publicand#39;s perception of another Middle-Eastern AND minute deal can be struck.
A2: Not Announced Till June
“Should” is immediate and mandatory. SUMMER ‘94 (Justice, Oklahoma City Supreme Court, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CIteID= 20287#marker3fn14) The legal question to be resolved by the court is whether the word “should AND . 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882).
Substantial requires that the increase be definite and immediate Words and Phrases 64, (40 WandP 759) The words “outward, open, actual, visible, substantial, and exclusive AND or pertaining to any others; undivided; sole; opposed to inclusive. Totally leaks James Q. Wilson, and John J. Dilulio, UCLA and Princeton political science professors (respectively),1998 American Government: Institutions and Policies, p. 291
American government is the leakiest in the world. The bureaucracy, members of Congress AND not against the law for the press to receive and print government secrets.
They’re factually wrong -~-- Court decisions are frequently released before June -~-- if we win it’s POSSIBLE for Courts to announce before June you should err neg and force them to defend immediacy to preserve neg ground June is a deadline for court decisions -~-- they can and often are released earlier. There is no rule saying it must be June US Courts.gov, no date – U.S. SUPREME COURT PROCEDURES, http://www.uscourts.gov/EducationalResources/ConstitutionResources/SeparationOfPowers/USSupremeCourtProcedures.aspx, jj
All opinions of the Court are, typically, handed down by the last day AND , may not be handed down until the last day of the term. 2NC / 1NR A2: Comparmentalized Issues aren’t compartmentalized – political capital is key to overcome opposition Marissa Silber, Political Science Ph.D Student at UF, “What Makes a President Quack? Understanding Lame Duck Status Through The Eyes of the Media and Politicians, September 2nd 2007, http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:bbkJmVQ3SJMJ:scholar.google.com/+22political+capital22+22finite22+resources+presidentandhl=enandas_sdt=80000000 Political capital, based on external resources “determines whether the President will have the AND makes it difficult to access information, recruit more expertise and maintain energy.
Capital determines agenda above all else Light 99 – Senior Fellow at the Center for Public Service (Paul, the President’s Agenda, p. 34) In chapter 2, I will consider just how capital affects the basic parameters of AND the President’s personality, capital is the central force behind the domestic agenda.
Impact d Yes – economic decline causes war -~-- Studies prove Royal, and#39;10 (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction Program -- DOD, Economics of War and Peace: Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-15)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
PC’s real, observable, and quantifiable-~--scholarly work proves-~--and you should reject quibbles like Hirsh Kimberly L. Casey 8, Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at William Jewel College, 2008, “Defining Political Capital: A Reconsideration of Bourdieu’s Interconvertibility Theory,” http://lilt.ilstu.edu/critique/spring202008/casey.pdf Abstract: This article examines the concept “political capital” (PC) and AND Becker 1993); Fitz-Enz 2000; Davenport 1999; Marr 2005). Hirsh agrees with the thesis of the politics DA even if he disagrees with the term “political capital” Michael Hirsh, National Journal, 2/7/13, There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207 Presidents are limited in what they can do by time and attention span, of AND was sucking all the oxygen out of the room, the aides said.
Future presidents will follow the CP -~-- even if it’s not legally binding, ignoring it would incur massive political costs - Informal binding effective -~-- even if they win no institution enforces it Posner and Vermeule ’11, Eric Posner is Kirkland and Ellis Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Aaron Director Research Scholar at the University of Chicago. Adrian Vermeule - John H. Watson, Jr. Professor of Law – Harvard Law School, The Executive Unbound electronic resource : After the Madisonian Republic, Oxford University Press, USA, 2011. 01/01/2011 1 online resource (256 p.) Language: English, pg 138, jj
More schematically, we may speak of formal and informal means of self-binding AND as a breach of faith even if no other institution ever enforces it.
10/1/13
GSU Round 4 - Russia Adv 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota ST | Judge: Josh Gonzalez Russia No Russia collapse PARTICIPANTS: Moderator: DAVID IGNATIUS et. al, Columnist, The Washington Post Panelists: JOHN IKENBERRY, Professor, Princeton University, ROBERT KAGAN, Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution CHARLES KUPCHAN, Professor, Georgetown University, Whitney Shepardson Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations 3-15-12, THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION, THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER: AMERICA’S WORLD, EVERYONE’S WORLD OR NO ONE’S WORLD?, transcript, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2012/0315_international_order/20120315_international_order.pdf, jj
And so, you know, as long as Putin is around, and I think we’re talking about at least 12 more years, Russia is going to be another one of these -- another power that is outside in some respect -- I mean, both inside and outside this liberal world order but pushing against major elements of it.
No risk of civil war – opposition divided, Putin is inev Hugh Cortazzi served as Britainand#39;s ambassador to Japan from 1980 to 1984, 3-21-12, the Japan Times, Nearing the end of tyranny?, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/eo20120321hc.html, jj
LONDON — President Vladimir Putin in Russia, President Bashar Assad in Syria and President AND years. It would be unwise to predict that his end is nigh.
Authoritarian states don’t follow norms — their “US justifies others” arg is naive John O. McGinnis 7, Professor of Law, Northwestern University School of Law. Ilya Somin Assistant Professor of Law, George Mason University School of Law. GLOBAL CONSTITUTIONALISM: GLOBAL INFLUENCE ON U.S. JURISPRUDENCE: Should International Law Be Part of Our Law? 59 Stan. L. Rev. 1175 The second benefit to foreigners of distinctive U.S. legal norms is information AND compared to the harm of allowing raw international law to trump domestic law.
10/1/13
GSU Round 4 - Terror Adv 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota ST | Judge: Josh Gonzalez Terror
Imagine that Guantanamo were to disappear tomorrow, swallowed in a giant tsunami. Do AND the air, cynicism is far less dangerous to the country than naivete.
Plan boosts recruitment. Gaffney 7-24-’13, FRANK J. GAFFNEY, JR, President, Center for Security Policy, 24 July 2013, Submitted Testimony of¶ FRANK J. GAFFNEY, JR.¶ President, Center for Security Policy¶ Before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights ¶ and Human Rights¶ On the Need to Continue Operation of the¶ Unlawful Enemy Combatant Incarceration Facility ¶ at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/pdf/7-24-13GaffneyTestimony.pdf, jj
Finally, it has been asserted that the existence of Guantanamo Bay has served as AND gather vital intelligence and keep dangerous jihadist ¶ enemy combatants off the battlefield.
The al-Qaeda threat to the United States, while still real, no AND of “combatants” simply by using its armed forces to do so.
No risk of nuclear or WMD terror John Mueller and Mark G. Stewart 12, Senior Research Scientist at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Political Science, both at Ohio State University, and Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute AND Australian Research Council Professorial Fellow and Professor and Director at the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle, and#34;The Terrorism Delusion,and#34; Summer, International Security, Vol. 37, No. 1, politicalscience.osu.edu/faculty/jmuellerabsisfin.pdf, jj
Over the course of time, such essentially delusionary thinking AND a hand grenade in a trash bin.
No nuclear retaliation Neely 3/21/13 Meggaen Neely is a research intern for the Project on Nuclear Issues, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 3/21/13, Doubting Deterrence of Nuclear Terrorism, http://csis.org/blog/doubting-deterrence-nuclear-terrorism, jj
Because of the difficulty of deterring transnational actors, many deterrence advocates shift the focus AND communication required for credible retaliatory strikes under deterrence of nuclear terrorism is missing.
10/1/13
GSU Round 4 - Terror Adv 2NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota ST | Judge: Josh Gonzalez Terror 2NC – Resentment Inev
Detention restrictions won’t solve terrorism -~-- only a risk they cause it McCarthy ’09, Andrew C. McCarthy III is a former Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, he is most notable for leading the 1995 terrorism prosecution against Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman and eleven others, New York Times best-selling author, 12-7-09, National Review, Gitmo Does Not Cause Terrorism, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/228819/gitmo-does-not-cause-terrorism/andrew-c-mccarthy, jj
So we’re going to shut down the detention center at the U.S. AND outsize influence on the media and that the Left’s key characteristic is projection.
Terrorists will hate us inevitably Meese ’12, Edwin Meese III is the Ronald Reagan Distinguished Fellow in Public Policy and chairman of the Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at the Heritage Foundation. He served as the 75th attorney general of the United States under President Reagan. 1-11-12, Heritage Foundation, Guantanamo Bay Prison is Necessary, http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2012/01/guantanamo-bay-prison-is-necessary, jj
It has been said that the mere existence of Guantanamo is a recruiting tool for AND against terrorists by keeping them off the battlefield and allowing for lawful interrogations.
Uq
US detention policies are effective and reducing terrorism now -~-- plan reverses Thiessen and Pompeo 7-9-’13, MODERATOR:¶ MARC A. THIESSEN, AEI¶ SPEAKER:¶ MIKE POMPEO, U.S. HOUSE ¶ OF REPRESENTATIVES (R-KS)¶ AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE, CLOSING GITMO? ¶ A CONVERSATION WITH REP. MIKE POMPEO, http://www.aei.org/files/2013/07/15/-closing-gitmo-transcript_140008739936.pdf, jj
Either you stare at the analysis and say, look, after 9/11 AND to everyone in this room. And ¶ their security and their safety.
The risk of terrorism is low, but latent -~-- recent successes are reversible if the U.S. lowers its guard McLaughlin 13 (John McLaughlin was a CIA officer for 32 years and served as deputy director and acting director from 2000-2004. He currently teaches at the Johns Hopkins Universityand#39;s School of Advanced International Studies and is a Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, ¶ 06:00 AM ET¶ Terrorism at a moment of transition7/12, http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/12/terrorism-at-a-moment-of-transition/)
A third major trend has to do with the debate underway among terrorists over tactics AND and#34;It needs but one foe to breed a war, not two ...and#34;
*Civilian Trials Bad – Foreign Co-Op / Leaks DA Civilian prosecution will destroy foreign cooperation in the war on terror McCarthy and Velshi 9 August, 20 Andrew C. McCarthy is Director of the Center for Law and Counterterrorism at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies. From 1985 through 2003, he was a federal prosecutor at the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York, and was the lead prosecutor in the seditious conspiracy trial against Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman and eleven others, described subsequently. Alykhan Velshi is a staff attorney at the Center for Law and Counterterrorism, where he focuses on the international law of armed conflict and the use of force. “We Need a National Security” Courthttp://www.defenddemocracy.org/stuff/uploads/documents/national_security_court.pdf
5. The discovery requirements endanger national security by discouraging cooperation from our allies. AND the generous discovery laws that apply in U.S. criminal proceedings.
10/1/13
GSU Round 4 - Zizek K 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota ST | Judge: Josh Gonzalez K
The affirmative radically depoliticizes the economy - this can never obtain the dimensions of universality because it precludes acts of authentic politics Zizek, ’99 (Slavoj, Senior Researcher and professor at the Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, The Ticklish Subject, page 352-355)
The big news of today’s post-political age of the ‘end of ideology’ AND more than ever caught in an inexorable compulsion that effectively runs his life.
Cap cause extinction Zizek, ’89 (Slavoj, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, The Sublime Object of Ideology, page 3-4)
It is upon the unity of these two features that the Marxist notion of the AND social antagonism, enabling the formation of a transparent, rationally governed society.
Our alternative is to completely withdraw from the ideology of capital - this solves Johnston ’04 (Adrian, interdisciplinary research fellow in psychoanalysis at Emory, The Cynic’s Fetish: Slavoj Zizek and the Dynamics of Belief, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society)
Perhaps the absence of a detailed political roadmap in Žižek’s recent writings isn’t a AND comforting fiction (‘‘Capitalist commodity fetishism or the truth? I choose fetishism’’).
10/1/13
GSU Round 6 - Deference 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgia BF | Judge: Patrick Waldinger Uniqueness -~-- Courts are deferring to the executive on matters of national security now Jacob Gershman, 8-30-’13, The Wall Street Journal, Can Obama be Sued for Ordering Military Action in Syria?, http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2013/08/30/can-obama-be-sued-for-ordering-military-action-in-syria/, jj
Members of Congress also have run into another brick wall called the “political question” doctrine, which involves deference to the president’s discretionary authority.¶ “Courts will not decide cases that risk embarrassment to an equal branch of government or involve courts in policy decisions that aren’t appropriate for judicial resolution,” Michael J. Glennon, a professor of International Law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, told Law Blog.
Current detention jurisprudence has struck the perfect balance between judicial review and executive flexibility -~-- reasserting the judicial role undermines deference and hampers the military Greg Jacob, a partner at O’Melveny and Myers in Washington, D.C, 10-1-12, ABA Journal, Detention Policies: What Role for Judicial Review?, http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/detention_policies_what_role_for_judicial_review/, jj
In arguing that the Supreme Court’s decision in Boumediene v. Bush has not “ AND , these legitimate concerns continue to govern the enemy combatant jurisprudence of today.
As for the balance of powers, that is where we dive into constitutional hot AND national security decisions in this way, they can only do so retrospectively.
A different view, however, is that the history is largely one of political AND in governmental performance. Therefore, deference to government should increase during emergencies.
Executive flexibility solves nuclear war Yoo 12 (John Yoo, American attorney, law professor, and author. He served as a political appointee, the Deputy Assistant US Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice (OLC), during the George W. Bush administration. “War Powers Belong to the President”¶ Posted Feb 1, 2012,¶ http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/war_powers_belong_to_the_president) A radical change in the system for making war might appease critics of presidential power AND time to introduce sweeping, untested changes in the way we make war.
Obama’s Syria maneuver has maximized presidential war powers because it’s on his terms Posner 9/3, Law Prof at University of Chicago (Eric, Obama Is Only Making His War Powers Mightier, www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2013/09/obama_going_to_congress_on_syria_he_s_actually_strengthening_the_war_powers.html) President Obama’s surprise announcement that he will ask Congress for approval of a military attack AND and avoid it when he knows that it will stand in his way.
Obama’s Syria move increased Presidential war powers because it maintained ultimate control with the executive Balkin 9/3, Law Prof at Yale (Jack, What Congressional Approval Wonand#39;t Do: Trim Obamaand#39;s Power or Make War Legal, www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/09/what-congressional-approval-wont-do-trim-obamas-power-or-make-war-legal/279298/) One of the most misleading metaphors in the discussion of President Obama’s Syria policy is AND offered in the Libya intervention -- the case of Syria is easily distinguishable.
2NC UQ Wall – Deference Now
Courts are deferring to the executive now -~-- extend Gershman -~-- they are rigidly upholding the political question doctrine and giving Obama lots of leeway in the status quo
Deference now -~-- when the courts have taken up national security cases, they haven’t clearly resolved legal issues around executive power Entin 12 Jonathan L. Entin, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs (School of Law), David L. Brennan ¶ Professor of Law, and Professor of Political Science, Case Western ¶ Reserve University. CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW•VOL.45•2012, War Powers, Foreign Affairs, ¶ and the Courts: Some ¶ Institutional Considerations, http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/45CaseWResJIntlL1and2.21.Article.Entin.pdf, jj
To be sure, the Supreme Court has decided some well-known ¶ national AND typically has taken a deferential role in reviewing challenges to ¶ executive action.
Deference is the overall trend -~-- recent rulings against the executive have been extremely narrow Entin 12 Jonathan L. Entin, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs (School of Law), David L. Brennan ¶ Professor of Law, and Professor of Political Science, Case Western ¶ Reserve University. CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW•VOL.45•2012, War Powers, Foreign Affairs, ¶ and the Courts: Some ¶ Institutional Considerations, http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/45CaseWResJIntlL1and2.21.Article.Entin.pdf, jj
The picture in the post-2001 era is less clear. In three different AND rulings,108 the Supreme ¶ Court declined to review either case.109
Even when the courts have rejected the executive -~-- it has been narrowly -~-- history is on our side Entin 12 Jonathan L. Entin, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs (School of Law), David L. Brennan ¶ Professor of Law, and Professor of Political Science, Case Western ¶ Reserve University. CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW•VOL.45•2012, War Powers, Foreign Affairs, ¶ and the Courts: Some ¶ Institutional Considerations, http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/45CaseWResJIntlL1and2.21.Article.Entin.pdf, jj
II. DEFERENCE TO THE EXECUTIVE ON THE MERITS¶ Although these procedural and jurisdictional AND to the ¶ legality of the Vietnam War consistently rejected those challenges.80
2NC – Detention
A new detention ruling would destroy deference -~-- extend Jacob -~-- Courts have struck a goldilocks balance between judicial review and pres flex now -~-- reasserting a judicial role on detention causes interference that hampers military operations
Detention law is up in the air now -~-- the plan sets a precedent and tilts it towards judicial control Monica Eppinger ’13, +, Assistant Professor, Saint Louis University School of Law and Department of Sociology and Anthropology; J.D., Yale Law School; Ph.D. Anthropology, University of California Berkeley, Winter, 2013, Catholic University Law Review, 62 Cath. U.L. Rev. 325, REALITY CHECK: DETENTION IN THE WAR ON TERROR, Lexis, jj
*326 Law on detention is not settled, and policy on detention and AND law in regard to detention and detainees with an eye toward future conduct.
Err neg since they don’t spec grounds *2NC – Courts Internal Link Overview
Plan’s violation of the deference doctrine spills over -~-- extend Bloomberg -~-- in the status quo, Congress and the Courts only scrutinize executive action retrospectively -~-- the plan’s new restriction sets a precedent that leads to intrusions on war powers in all areas
Recent court decisions have reasserted judicial authority, but not restored it -~-- plan obliterates deference Flaherty ’12, MARTIN S. FLAHERTY, Leitner Professor of International Law, Fordham Law School; Visiting Professor, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 2011 / 2012, New York Law School Law Review¶ 56 N.Y.L. Sch. L. Rev. 119, Judicial Foreign Relations Authority After 9/11, Lexis, jj
For a time the forces of judicial isolationism appeared to have gained traction and may AND to solidify its recent reassertion of its proper role in foreign relations cases.
BREAKING DEFERENCE SNOWBALLS – ONE ACT SETS PRECEDENT FOR FUTURE DECISIONS SINCE CURRENT LITIGATION IS UNCLEAR Hofstra Law Review 89. Winter, 1989 17 Hofstra L. Rev. 465
To say that the Courtand#39;s military jurisprudence is in need of clarification is, perhaps AND would add clarity, precision, and guidance to the Courtand#39;s present analysis.
PLAN SETS THE PRECEDENT TAYLOR 4. Stuart, Senior writer with the National Journal magazine and Contributing Editor of Newsweek, Legal Times, 1-12 An enlightened administration would heed its former officials’ warnings by seizing the opportunity to establish a legacy of care in balancing the imperatives of liberty and security. There is no indication that the executive-power absolutists who dominate the Bush White House and Pentagon would dream of doing anything so sensible. Unless, perhaps, the Supreme Courts fires a loud shot or two across Bush’s bow.
10/1/13
GSU Round 6 - Executive CP 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgia BF | Judge: Patrick Waldinger The Executive Branch of the United States federal government should: ? Begin to transfer Guantanamo detainees that are already slated for release to their home or third party countries. ? Provide assistance to these third party countries to ensure safe transfer and detention ? Waive the requirement that receiving countries take certain steps to ensure detainees do not engage in terrorist activity ? Lift its moratorium on releasing detainees to Yemen ? Prosecute or release the remaining detainees ? Appoint a high-level official to intensify transfer negotiations with third party receiving countries ? Issue formal apologies and reparations to persons detained erroneously ? Ensure these detainees receive civilian trials.
In his remarks, made in response to questions at the White House press briefing AND were not war crimes and hence not within the jurisdiction of the commissions.¶
10/1/13
GSU Round 6 - Executive CP 2NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgia BF | Judge: Patrick Waldinger XO
President Barack Obama’s renewed request to close the prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, AND with his legal obligations should surely be at the top of the list.
The president solves modeling, signal, and international perception -~-- Obama weighing in on the merits of a policy outweighs the process which it is passed - Foreign countries don’t care about the nitty-gritty of inter-agency process, they want to see Obama has taken a stand on the issue -~-- which the CP solves - President obviously perceived. The CP lays the groundwork for an intl coalition Singer 5-23-’13, Peter W. Singer, Director, Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence, Brookings Institution, Finally, Obama Breaks His Silence on Drones, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/05/23-drones-obama-singer, jj
As this played out, the presidentand#39;s absence from the debate became more and more AND set the terms of the debate and steer it toward more positive ends.
In the long run, Mr Obama’s speech may be remembered for effects far from AND Mr Bellinger, but “this is how customary international law is made”.
A2: Do CP – vs. Courts
The perm severs court action -~-- the 1NC Katyal proves the CP’s internal restrictions are distinct from the plan’s external statutory restrictions
2. Perm makes them not topical -~-- “Judicial” means belonging to the judiciary branch -~-- not internal agency action like the CP Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary 13 (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/judicial) Belonging to the branch of government that is charged with trying all cases that involve the government and with the administration of justice within its jurisdiction
Severance is a voter for fairness and education -~-- makes them a moving target, kills clash, and ruins negative strategy
2NC A2: Agent CP’s Bad
Counter-Interpretation: CP’s that use the executive, courts or congress are legitimate First our offense: 1) Agent CP’s are a pre-req to war powers education -~-- executive action is key to test the desirability of statutory or judicial restrictions Crocker ’12, Thomas P. Crocker, Associate Professor of Law, University of South Carolina School of Law. J.D. Yale Law School; Ph.D. Vanderbilt University, July, 2012¶ Connecticut Law Review¶ 44 Conn. L. Rev. 1511, COMMENTARY: NATIONAL SECURITY: RESPONSE: Who Decides on Liberty?, Lexis, jj
Whether approached as a matter of executive discretion, judicial role, or individual rights AND and#34;tangible harms,and#34; n10 while adding nothing relevant to expert decision making.
2) Education -~-- the CP forces better aff writing by shifting debate away from generic “detention bad” or “drones bad” affs towards in-depth technical debates on how to actually limit pres powers 3) Negative ground -~-- agent CP’s are a core neg arg that is key to check small and unpredictable affs. Err neg -~-- the CP is predictable and has tons of lits on both sides. The aff only needs a congress/courts key warrant to beat this counterplan. Noting a voting issue -~-- reject the arg not the team.
10/1/13
GSU Round 6 - GSPEC 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgia BF | Judge: Patrick Waldinger Affirmative has to specify the grounds they rule on, they don’t-it is a voting issue:
1) Ground and Education. Specification is key to DA’s and CP’s because literature about the courts focuses more on the process of a decision than the outcome. Any discussion minus the grounds is superficial.
2) No Solvency- Decisions without grounds have no legal weight Post, UC-Berkeley law professor, 2001 (Robert, “ARTICLE: The Supreme Court Opinion as Institutional Practice: Dissent, Legal Scholarship, and Decisionmaking in the Taft Court”, May, 85 Minn. L. Rev. 1267, lexis)
So, for example, the editors of the American Law Review AND Dissenting Opinions, 20 Am. L. Rev. 428, 429 (1886).
10/1/13
GSU Round 6 - Independent Judiciary Adv 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgia BF | Judge: Patrick Waldinger No Solvency Deference is inevitable – the best they can achieve is inconsistent application of precedent. Posner and Vermeule, 10 - *professor of law at the University of Chicago AND professor of law at Harvard (Eric and Adrian, The Executive Unbound, p. 52-54)
THE COURTS We now turn from Congress to the courts, the other main hope of liberal AND and they will have little sticking power when the next crisis rolls around.
They can’t solve but the interference still undermines executive decision-making Posner and Vermeule, 7 – *Kirkland and Ellis Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School AND professor at Harvard Law School (Eric and Adrian, Terror in the Balance: Security, Liberty, and the Courts p. 30-31)
As a matter of fact, this baseline picture is almost certainly incorrect. Government AND expect that courts can improve upon government’s emergency policies in any systematic way.
It appears that it is not only the EU whose authority is fading. Today’s AND what we can from the experience and good thinking foreign sources may convey.”
One potential problem with judicial independence is that judges may have their own self- AND for reelection, we must particularly worry about the extent of its independence.
Venezuela
Tons of alt causes to Venezuela stability – they don’t’ solve the leadership vacuum Status quo solves- Venezuela drilling will further increase Harvest Natural Resources, 11 HNR Inc is a petroleum exploration and production company that explores geological basins with proved petroleum reserves, “Venezuela: Petrodelta”, no date, but cites up until 2011, http://www.harvestnr.com/operations/venezuela.html
The nature of the high quality assets in Venezuela supports rapid conversion of unproved resource AND a well-defined and visible long-term growth path in sight.
The need for Latin America to cater for its own security derives simply from the AND , saps regional confidence and encourages further belligerent or at least undiplomatic rhetoric.
Latin Americans have long criticized the OAS for being a U.S.-dominated AND spirit of independence among Latin American leaders, particularly those on the left.
But these tales, my versions included, usually omit two vital points: that AND , it’s the sensational stories about shortages and looming disaster that sell newspapers. The risk of war is zero -~-- Bostrum’s a joke Ball ‘5 (Desmond, professor at the Strategic Defence Studies Centre of The Australian National University, May. “The probabilities of and#39;On the Beachand#39;Assessing and#39;Armageddon Scenariosand#39; in the 21 st Century,” Manning Clark House Symposium Science and Ethics: Can Homo sapiens Survive? http://www.manningclark.org.au/papers/se05_ball.html)
The prospects of a nuclear war between the US and Russia must now be deemed AND buried targets (such as underground command and control centres and leadership bunkers).
Oil
SQUO solves energy dependence Levi ‘12 Michael Levi is the David M. Rubenstein senior fellow for energy and the environment at the Council on Foreign Relations and director of its Program on Energy Security and Climate Change. JULY/AUGUST 2012, Foreign Policy, Think Again: The American Energy Boom, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/06/18/think_again_the_american_energy_boom?page=full, jj
and#34;Barack Obama Is Bad for the Oil and Gas Industry.and#34; False. The oil and gas industry does not exactly love President Obama. Many AND supporters set aside rhetoric, theyand#39;ll find quite a lot to gush about.
A coming U.S. renaissance -- and an oil price crash: Citibankand#39;s AND the U.S. government might want to play those traditional roles.
China Econ
Chinese economy not dependent on low prices Sana Zaouali, Economic Researcher and Assistant Professor in the Economic Department at the University of Paris XII, Paris, France, “Impact of higher oil prices on the Chinese economy”, OPEC ReviewVolume 31, Issue 3, Sept 2007 (BJN) In principle, a sharp rise in world oil prices should significantly affect an economy AND capital in China were sufficient to counterbalance the negative impact of higher oil prices before.
Err on our side - The empirics have never supported their thesis Weiqi Tang, Libo Wu, ZhongXiang Zhang , Department of World Economy, School of Economics, Fudan University, “Oil price shocks and their short- and long-term effects on the Chinese economy”, Energy Economics, Volume 32, Supplement 1, September 2010 (BJN) Rapid increase of oil price since 2003 has caused great concerns worldwide. Most of AND year, the rate topping all the economies groupings in Fig. 3.
THE SUPREME COURT struck down an unusually large number of statutes this term. Just AND much trouble as the gavel comes down for the last time this summer.
Judicial intervention into war powers crushes legitimacy Nzelibe ’06, Jide Nzelibe, Assistant Professor of Law, Northwestern University Law School. B.A. 1993, St. Johnand#39;s College; M.P.A. 1995, Princeton; J.D. 1998, Yale, Iowa Law Review¶ March, 2006¶ 91 Iowa L. Rev. 993, ARTICLE: A Positive Theory of the War-Powers Constitution, Lexis, jj
Furthermore, the risk of non-compliance with judicial decisions also implicates the institutional AND that judicially prompted congressional intervention will change the current war-powers landscape.
Legitimacy key to the rule of law Schapiro 8-5-’13, Robert A. Schapiro, dean and Asa Griggs Candler professor of law at Emory University School of Law., Op-ed contributor, Christian Science Monitor, Objection! Americansand#39; opinion of Supreme Court canand#39;t keep dropping, Lexis, jj
Public confidence in the judiciary provides a critical foundation for a society committed to the AND decisions may well depend on the level of respect that the courts enjoy.
Rule of law’s crucial to uphold unipolarity and maintain hegemony -~-- outweighs the aff Knowles ’09 Robert Knowles, Acting Assistant Professor, New York University School of Law, Spring, 2009, ARIZONA STATE LAW JOURNAL, 41 Ariz. St. L.J. 87, American Hegemony and the Foreign Affairs Constitution, LEXIS, jj
The hegemonic model also reduces the need for executive branch flexibility, and the institutional AND executive branch to make and#34;abrupt or aggressive moves toward other states.and#34; n424
10/1/13
GSU Round 6 - Politics 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgia BF | Judge: Patrick Waldinger GOP will capitulate to demands for a clean debt ceiling bill and it will pass – Obamacare and other issues will not appear in the final bill.
Republicans seeking to curb President Barack Obama’s health-care law probably will capitulate to AND said Murray, 62, fourth-ranking Democrat in the Senate’s leadership.
After a week in which President Obama narrowly averted a bruising defeat on Capitol Hill AND working with the White House on fiscal issues, said the appeal resonated.
Loss of PC forces Obama to negotiate over debt ceiling preconditions – causes extended battle Chait, 13 Jonathan Chait, commentator and writer for New York magazine. He was previously a senior editor at The New Republic and a former assistant editor of The American Prospect. He also writes a periodic column in the Los Angeles Times, New York Magazine, 4/26/13, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/04/democrats-lost-sequestration-two-years-ago.html
and#34;Obamaand#39;s mistake wasnand#39;t the design of sequestration. It was finding himself in that negotiation to begin with. Earlier this year, Obama refused to negotiate over the debt ceiling, and Republicans caved and raised it. If he had done that in 2011, they would probably have done the same thing. Instead, Obama took their demand to reduce the deficit at face value and thought, Hey, I want to reduce the deficit, too — why donand#39;t we use this opportunity to strike a deal? As it happened, Republicans care way, way, way more about low taxes for the rich than low deficits, which made a morally acceptable deal, or even something within hailing distance of a morally acceptable deal, completely impossible. and#34;By the point at which Obama figured this out in 2011, the debt ceiling loomed and it was too late to credibly insist he wouldnand#39;t negotiate over it. Sequestration was a pretty good way to escape fiscal calamity. The mistake was getting jacked up over the debt ceiling in the first place.and#34; http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/04/democrats-lost-sequestration-two-years-ago.html17 In 2011 though, the GOP had a little more political capital and the President considerably less so he may have had to negotiate. Overall, though the point is well taken: Obama was right not to negotiate this year and itand#39;s hard to argue that he-or the Democrats- should have agreed to this. However, time will tell and Iand#39;d like to be proved wrong. And even if they made a mistake, as Chait points out maybe theyand#39;ll realize their blunder and do better next time.
Even if a deal is eventually reached to prevent hitting the ceiling a protracted fight is economic sabotage – collapse growth, markets and confidence. Dave Johnson, Campaign for Americaand#39;s Future | Op-Ed Fresh Hell When Congress Returns September 4 2013 11:25 http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/18597-fresh-hell-when-congress-returns There are two different levels of economic damage from a debt-ceiling fight. AND fight has to be seen for what it is: “economic sabotage.”
Nuclear war Khalilzad ’11 Zalmay was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, “ The Economy and National Security”, 2-8-11, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, MCR
Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to AND , hostile states would be emboldened to make aggressive moves in their regions.
A new analysis by a think tank shows that Washingtonand#39;s drop-dead deadline for AND .1 trillion to $17.8 trillion. To top of page b.) SCOPE – US economic decline triggers military withdrawal across the globe—causes a power vacuum and nuclear war—hegemony deters hostile powers and controls the escalation of all conflict—solves the impact to the aff—that’s our 1NC Impact c.) TURNS CASE – debt default means the plan would be delayed or under-funded – fiat only means the plan passes
Their internal link is very long term -~-- they have to trickle over to Venezuela – itll take years to reform venezuelas court system -~-- but debt ceiling failure causes collapse before November
We control global impact uniqueness – Interdependence checks war. Plan undermines this crucial form of restraint. Daniel Griswold, director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies, 4/20/’7, Trade, Democracy and Peace, p. http://www.freetrade.org/node/681 A second and even more potent way that trade has promoted peace is by promoting more economic integration. As national economies become more intertwined with each other, those nations have more to lose should war break out. War in a globalized world not only means human casualties and bigger government, but also ruptured trade and investment ties that impose lasting damage on the economy. In short, globalization has dramatically raised the economic cost of war.
Turns every country that would be affected by arms sales Kemp 10 Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4
The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first AND expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.
Extinction Kemp 10 Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4
The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first AND expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.
Kevin J. Fandl 04, Adjunct Law Professor - Washington College of Law, ‘4 (19 Am. U. Intand#39;l L. Rev. 587) In his final speech in the United Kingdom as President of the United States, AND will be able to destroy the prevalence and furtherance of those ideas. 58 Uniqueness Wall 2NC
Their ev misses the boat -~-- Obama won’t negotiate is our UQ arg -~-- he has enough PC that he doesn’t have to negotiate -~-- the GOP will feel pressed to raise the debt ceiling -~-- the plan is a major loss for Obama, which causes him to look weak -~-- forces negotiation because republicans wont cave to a weak Obama -- that’s chait, parsons, and Giroux Debt Ceiling bill will pass but it will be close
The reports from House Republicans who attended Wednesday’s conference meeting were cautiously optimistic about the battles over a continuing resolution, debt and Obamacare that lie ahead. The simplistic media narrative, that the leadership is losing to the crazies, simply isn’t true. One insider told Right Turn, “The conference really was more unified than I’ve seen it in a while.” The shape of the deal is far from certain, but the mood in the room gave leadership confidence that the House would hold together. “We’ll figure something out, ” the insider said cheerfully. In public remarks, House Speaker John Boehner (Ohio) let it be known that the real action would be on the debt ceiling. (“For decades, congresses and presidents have used the debt limit for legislation to cut spending, and even President Obama worked with us two years ago in the debt-limit negotiations to put controls on spending. This year is not going to be any different.”) Debt ceiling is at the top of the agenda Moran, 9/18/13 (Andrew, “Dollar collapse inevitable as CBO warns of unsustainable debt levels,” http://economiccollapsenews.com/2013/09/18/dollar-collapse-inevitable-as-cbo-warns-of-unsustainable-debt-levels/, bgm)
The United States national debt has taken a backseat over the past couple of months AND the country’s economic output within the next 25 years unless action is taken.
Republicans paid a heavy political price two decades ago as the result of twin government AND without action by Congress, that default will arrive in mid-October.
There’s a simple reason President Barack Obama is using his bully pulpit to focus the AND concessions from the president to “defund” his signature health care law.
BACK TO FLOW A2: Obama doesn’t get the blame
This arg makes no sense -~-- the court rules against one of Obama’s war powers -~-- contrains the president and makes him look weak – that tanks pc
Republicans yesterday looked to wrest a political victory from a legal defeat in the Supreme Court, serving notice to Democrats that they must back President Bush on how to try suspects at Guantanamo Bay or risk being branded as weak on terrorism. In striking down the military commissions Bush sought for trials of suspected members of al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups, the high court Thursday invited Congress to establish new rules and put the issue prominently before the public four months before the midterm elections. As the White House and lawmakers weighed next steps, House GOP leaders signaled they are ready to use this weekand#39;s turn of events as a political weapon. House Majority Leader John A. Boehner (R-Ohio) criticized House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosiand#39;s comment Thursday that the court decision and#34;affirms the American ideal that all are entitled to the basic guarantees of our justice system.and#34; That statement, Boehner said, amounted to Pelosiand#39;s advocating and#34;special privileges for terrorists.and#34; Similar views ricocheted around conservative talk radio -- Rush Limbaugh called Pelosiand#39;s comments and#34;derangedand#34; on his show Thursday -- and Republican strategists said they believed that the decision presented Bush a chance to put Democrats on the spot while uniting a Republican coalition that lately has been splintered on immigration, spending and other issues. and#34;It would be good politics to have a debate about this if Democrats are going to argue for additional rights for terrorists,and#34; said Terry Nelson, a prominent GOP political strategist who was political director for Bushand#39;s reelection campaign in 2004.
Shielding arguments don’t apply—1nc Parsons and Moore are on point
Unless President Obama can totally change a reluctant publicand#39;s perception of another Middle-Eastern AND , a rebuff from the House is a 67-75 probability. I reach this probability by looking within the whip count. I assume the 164 AND the breakdown, the chance of House passage is about one in four. While a failure in the House would put action against Syria in limbo, I have felt that the market has overstated the impact of a strike there, which would be limited in nature. Rather, investors should focus on the profound ripple through the power structure in Washington, which would greatly impact impending battles over spending and the debt ceiling. Currently, the government loses spending authority on September 30 while it hits the debt ceiling by the middle of October. Markets have generally felt that Washington will once again strike a last-minute deal and avert total catastrophe. Failure in the Syrian vote could change this. For the Republicans to beat Obama on a Presidentand#39;s strength (foreign military action), they will likely be emboldened that they can beat him on domestic spending issues. Until now, consensus has been that the two sides would compromise to fund the AND setting us up for a showdown that will rival 2011and#39;s debt ceiling fight. I currently believe the two sides will pass a short-term continuing resolution to AND the showdown with the Dow falling 500 points in one session in 2011. As markets panicked over the potential for a U.S. default, we AND 10. Investors must be prepared for this and#34;black swanand#34; event. Looking back to August 2011, stocks that performed the best were dividend paying, less-cyclical companies like Verizon (VZ), Wal-Mart (WMT), Coca-Cola (KO) and McDonaldand#39;s (MCD) while high beta names like Netflix (NFLX) and Boeing (BA) were crushed. Investors also flocked into treasuries despite default risk while dumping lower quality bonds as spreads widened. The flight to safety helped treasuries despite U.S. government issues. I think we are likely to see a similar move this time. Assuming there is a Syrian and#34;noand#34; vote, I would begin to roll AND . Conversely, gold (GLD) should benefit from the fear trade. I would also like to address the potential that Congress does not vote down the AND tactic, and Congress will have to vote within the next two weeks. The final possibility is that Democrats back their President and barely ram the Syria resolution AND still be the debt ceiling fight leading to some drama not no drama. Remember, in politics everything is connected. Syria is not a stand-alone issue. Its resolution will impact the power structure in Washington. A failed vote in Congress is likely to make the debt ceiling fight even worse, spooking markets, and threatening default on U.S. obligations unless another last minute deal can be struck. A2: Not Announced Till June --Kills ground – it makes the aff a moving target and removes uniqueness considerations from DA evaluation.
“Should” is immediate and mandatory. SUMMER ‘94 (Justice, Oklahoma City Supreme Court, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CIteID= 20287#marker3fn14) The legal question to be resolved by the court is whether the word “should AND . 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882).
Substantial requires that the increase be definite and immediate Words and Phrases 64, (40 WandP 759) The words “outward, open, actual, visible, substantial, and exclusive AND or pertaining to any others; undivided; sole; opposed to inclusive. Totally leaks James Q. Wilson, and John J. Dilulio, UCLA and Princeton political science professors (respectively),1998 American Government: Institutions and Policies, p. 291
American government is the leakiest in the world. The bureaucracy, members of Congress AND not against the law for the press to receive and print government secrets.
They’re factually wrong -~-- Court decisions are frequently released before June -~-- if we win it’s POSSIBLE for Courts to announce before June you should err neg and force them to defend immediacy to preserve neg ground June is a deadline for court decisions -~-- they can and often are released earlier. There is no rule saying it must be June US Courts.gov, no date – U.S. SUPREME COURT PROCEDURES, http://www.uscourts.gov/EducationalResources/ConstitutionResources/SeparationOfPowers/USSupremeCourtProcedures.aspx, jj
All opinions of the Court are, typically, handed down by the last day AND , may not be handed down until the last day of the term.
The US Supreme Court releases opinions on Tuesday and Wednesday mornings, and on the third Monday of each sitting. The public is usually alerted a few days prior to an opinion being released, but the specific case name and docket number are kept secret until the formal announcement. This practice may begin as early as October of the new Term and typically ends in late June or early July of the following year.
A2: no link – O won’t push
That’s not the link -~-- the point is his war powers getting restricted is a loss -~-- that makes him look bad which tanks his political capital – means he cant hold the line on negotiations Plan’s a giant loss – Obama won’t let Congress restrict his power without a fight – plan passes over his veto Howard Fineman 9/14, is editorial director of the Huffington Post Media Group. Huffington Post, Tim Kaineand#39;s Bold New War Proposal For Obama, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/14/tim-kaine-obama_n_3923450.html, jj
Conventional wisdom and history hold that presidents never willingly cede an angstrom of their power to wage war, which is grounded in their role as commander in chief. The corollary is that theyand#39;ll veto any efforts to limit such power -- which is what even the embattled Richard Nixon did in 1973.
American political analyst Norman Ornstein writes of the domestic context, In a system where AND affects the character of U.S. policy, foreign and domestic.
A2: McConnell
No ev that the primary next year effects his decisions now -~-- McConnell will prob look worse if the econ collapses
Also doesn’t say a clean bill won’t pass, just that its difficult -~-- Obamas looking strong is key -~-- it forces repulicans to cave – that was above
A2: plan is stealth
Gut check -~-- there’s zero risk that a ruling ending indefinite detention won’t be noticed Courts link to politics Hamilton, JD Candidate, Stanford Law School, 12 (Eric, “Politicizing the Supreme Court,” 8-30-12, http://www.stanfordlawreview.org/online/politicizing-supreme-court)
To state the obvious, Americans do not trust the federal government, and that AND are based on misleading premises that ignore the Court’s special, nonpolitical responsibilities.
Court decisions are heavily politicized, will trigger a Congressional backlash Calabresi, 2008 Massimo, TIME, 6-26, “Obamaand#39;s Supreme Move to the Center Washington” Thursday, http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1818334,00.html When the Supreme Court issues rulings on hot-button issues like gun control and AND to hear him talking about appointing liberal justices much between now and November. A2: making controversial deciions now
This card is talking about things like the next affirmative action case -~-- no reason that hurts Obama -~-- this ev also doesn’t say the cases are going to be announced anytime soon -~-- they haven’t even heard oral args on the cases they cite
A2: he wont negotiate
That’s our PC arg -~-- I exaplined aboe
A2: tea party
This ev is answered by the slew of uq ev I read above about how the GOP will cave to a clean bill -~-- this ev is from 2 weeks ago -~-- prefer newer ev because political climate constantly changing
A2: debt ceiling no collapse
Answered in the overview -~-- collapse happens quick
There are two different levels of economic damage from a debt-ceiling fight. AND fight has to be seen for what it is: “economic sabotage.”
Delay risks economic collapse Puzzanghera, 9/18/13 (Jim, “Delay in raising debt limit risky, Lew says” Los Angeles Times, lexis)
As the nation fast approaches its debt limit, Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew issued his strongest warning yet to Congress about the economic consequences of waiting until just before the deadline to pass an increase. and#34;Trying to time a debt-limit increase to the last minute could be very dangerous,and#34; Lew told the Economic Club of Washington on Tuesday. and#34;We cannot afford for Congress to gamble with the full faith and credit of the United States of America.and#34; Republicans are balking at raising the $16.7-trillion debt limit, which Congress must do by as early as mid-October, unless the Obama administration agrees to major concessions including deep spending cuts and a delay in implementing the healthcare reform law. During a meeting last week, House Speaker John A. Boehner (R-Ohio) gave Lew a list of times in the past when the White House and Congress used the need to raise the debt limit as a way to find bipartisan solutions on fiscal issues, Boehnerand#39;s office said. Boehner has said that any increase in the debt limit must be offset by budget cuts or spending reforms at least as large as the increase. But Lew reiterated Tuesday that President Obama would not negotiate over raising the debt limit because it involves paying for bills already authorized by Congress and because the notion of a federal government default should not be a bargaining chip. Lew specifically ruled out a delay in the healthcare law, the Affordable Care Act, a move being pushed by some House conservatives. and#34;Thatand#39;s just not reality, and theyand#39;re going to have to start dealing in reality,and#34; he said. But as the Treasury runs out of the accounting maneuvers it has used since the spring to continue borrowing to pay the nationand#39;s bills, Lew said lawmakers needed to act. Since the U.S. technically reached its debt limit in the spring, the Treasury has been using so-called extraordinary measures, such as suspending investments in some federal pension funds, to juggle the nationand#39;s finances to pay bills. Those measures will be exhausted by the middle of October. Lew noted that Washington politicians like to wait until they are up against a deadline to act, as they often do with spending bills and did last year with the so-called fiscal cliff, the combination of automatic tax increases and government spending cuts. But the debt limit is different, Lew said, because of the complexity of identifying an exact date when the nation would run out of borrowing authority -- and because of the consequences of a first-ever federal government default. Lew said a default would be and#34;a self-inflicted wound that can do harm to our economy right at a moment when the recovery is strengthening.and#34; A bitter battle over the debt limit in 2011, resolved at the last minute, raised fears of a first-ever U.S. government default. The lengthy standoff led Standard and Poorand#39;s to downgrade the nationand#39;s credit rating for the first time and triggered financial market turmoil along with a deep drop in consumer confidence. and#34;Some in Congress seem to think they can keep us from failing to pay our nationand#39;s bills by simply raising the debt ceiling right before the moment our cash balance is depleted,and#34; Lew said. Such a view is misguided, he said. The Treasury Department doesnand#39;t know with precision the exact day that it wonand#39;t have enough incoming cash to make all the required outgoing payments once it runs out of borrowing authority. Lew formally told Congress last month that the Treasury would run out of borrowing authority in mid-October. At that point, the government would be able to pay bills only with cash on hand of about $50 billion on any given day. An analysis released last week by the Bipartisan Policy Center, which also cited the difficulty of pegging an exact date, estimated that the U.S. would run out of borrowing authority between Oct. 18 and Nov. 5. The vagaries of the debt-limit issue mean that Congress must act sooner rather than later, Lew said. and#34;Iand#39;m nervous about the desire to drive this to the last minute when the last minute is inherently unknowable and the risk of making a mistake could be catastrophic,and#34; he said.
10/1/13
GSU Round 6 - Terror 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgia BF | Judge: Patrick Waldinger US detention policies are effective and reducing terrorism now -~-- plan reverses Thiessen and Pompeo 7-9-’13, MODERATOR:¶ MARC A. THIESSEN, AEI¶ SPEAKER:¶ MIKE POMPEO, U.S. HOUSE ¶ OF REPRESENTATIVES (R-KS)¶ AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE, CLOSING GITMO? ¶ A CONVERSATION WITH REP. MIKE POMPEO, http://www.aei.org/files/2013/07/15/-closing-gitmo-transcript_140008739936.pdf, jj
Either you stare at the analysis and say, look, after 9/11 AND to everyone in this room. And ¶ their security and their safety.
Indefinite detention checks terror – incapacitation, deterrence, disruption, and intel Waxman ’09, Matthew C. Waxman*, * Associate Professor, Columbia Law School; Adjunct Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations; Member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, 2009¶ Journal of National Security Law and Policy¶ 3 J. Natand#39;l Security L. and Poland#39;y 1, Article: Administrative Detention of Terrorists: Why Detain, and Detain Whom?, Lexis, jj *gender modified *14 This notion of prevention, however, needs to be further AND sound counterterrorism strategy will combine all of these elements to some degree. n75 Civilian prosecution will destroy foreign cooperation in the war on terror McCarthy and Velshi 9 August, 20 Andrew C. McCarthy is Director of the Center for Law and Counterterrorism at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies. From 1985 through 2003, he was a federal prosecutor at the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York, and was the lead prosecutor in the seditious conspiracy trial against Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman and eleven others, described subsequently. Alykhan Velshi is a staff attorney at the Center for Law and Counterterrorism, where he focuses on the international law of armed conflict and the use of force. “We Need a National Security” Courthttp://www.defenddemocracy.org/stuff/uploads/documents/national_security_court.pdf
5. The discovery requirements endanger national security by discouraging cooperation from our allies. AND the generous discovery laws that apply in U.S. criminal proceedings.
Imagine that Guantanamo were to disappear tomorrow, swallowed in a giant tsunami. Do AND the air, cynicism is far less dangerous to the country than naivete.
Plan boosts recruitment. Gaffney 7-24-’13, FRANK J. GAFFNEY, JR, President, Center for Security Policy, 24 July 2013, Submitted Testimony of¶ FRANK J. GAFFNEY, JR.¶ President, Center for Security Policy¶ Before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights ¶ and Human Rights¶ On the Need to Continue Operation of the¶ Unlawful Enemy Combatant Incarceration Facility ¶ at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/pdf/7-24-13GaffneyTestimony.pdf, jj
Finally, it has been asserted that the existence of Guantanamo Bay has served as AND gather vital intelligence and keep dangerous jihadist ¶ enemy combatants off the battlefield.
Detention restrictions cause a shift to proxy detention and drone strikes Wittes ’11, Benjamin Wittes is a Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, where he is the Research Director in Public Law, and Co-Director of the Harvard Law School - Brookings Project on Law and Security. Detention and Denial electronic resource : The Case for Candor after Guantanamo. Washington : Brookings Institution Press, 2011., ebook, accessed via Wayne State online library, pg 28-29, jj
That is the equilibrium toward which we have drifted, and it ¶ should surprise AND visible, less attractive, and more ¶ violent exercises of government power.
Turns the aff Dowd 6-7-’13, Alan W. Dowd is an award-winning writer with experience in opinion journalism, public-policy research and communications consultancy. He is nationally recognized for his commentaries on issues ranging from faith to foreign policy. Front Page Magazine, Obama’s Renewed War on Guantanamo, http://frontpagemag.com/2013/alan-w-dowd/obamas-renewed-war-on-guantanamo/, jj
Bush’s successor is learning that motives don’t matter to critics of the drone war, AND borrow a phrase, it seems the drone war hurts our international standing.
The al-Qaeda threat to the United States, while still real, no AND of “combatants” simply by using its armed forces to do so.
No risk of nuclear or WMD terror John Mueller and Mark G. Stewart 12, Senior Research Scientist at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Political Science, both at Ohio State University, and Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute AND Australian Research Council Professorial Fellow and Professor and Director at the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle, and#34;The Terrorism Delusion,and#34; Summer, International Security, Vol. 37, No. 1, politicalscience.osu.edu/faculty/jmuellerabsisfin.pdf, jj
Over the course of time, such essentially delusionary thinking has been internalized and institutionalized AND 1,742 in 2001 and to 2,931 in 2002.47 By 2008, Defense Secretary Robert Gates was assuring a congressional committee that what keeps every senior government leader awake at night is “the thought of a terrorist ending up with a weapon of mass destruction, especially nuclear.” 48 Few of the sleepless, it seems, found much solace in the fact that an al-Qaida computer seized in Afghanistan in 2001 indicated that the group’s budget for research on weapons of mass destruction (almost all of it focused on primitive chemical weapons work) was $2,000 to $4,000.49 In the wake of the killing of Osama bin Laden, officials now have many AND by a skilled crew—all while attracting no attention from outsiders.50 If the miscreants in the American cases have been unable to create and set off AND reasonably be considered “massive,” particularly in comparison with nuclear ones. 52 And as explicitly rendered into U.S. law, the term was extended even further to include bombs of any kind, grenades, and mines; rockets having a propellant charge of more than four ounces; missiles having an explosive or incendiary charge of more than onequarter ounce; and projectile-spewing weapons that have a barrel with a bore more than a half inch in diameter.53 It turns out then that the “shot heard round the world” by revolutionary war muskets was the firing of a WMD, that Francis Scott Key was exultantly, if innocently, witnessing a WMD attack in 1814; and that Iraq was full of WMD when the United States invaded in 2003—and still is, just like virtually every other country in the world. After September 11, the delusional—or at least preposterous—expanded definition of WMD has been routinely applied in the United States. Many of those arrested for terrorism have been charged with planning to use “weapons of mass destruction” even though they were working, at most, on small explosives or contemplating planting a hand grenade in a trash bin.
No nuclear retaliation Neely 3/21/13 Meggaen Neely is a research intern for the Project on Nuclear Issues, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 3/21/13, Doubting Deterrence of Nuclear Terrorism, http://csis.org/blog/doubting-deterrence-nuclear-terrorism, jj
Because of the difficulty of deterring transnational actors, many deterrence advocates shift the focus AND communication required for credible retaliatory strikes under deterrence of nuclear terrorism is missing.
10/1/13
GSU Round 6 - Terror 2NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 6 | Opponent: Georgia BF | Judge: Patrick Waldinger Terror
UQ
On uniqueness -~-- extend Thiessen and Pompeo -~-- Guantanamo is providing intelligence and disrupting terrorism in the status quo -~-- err neg, the lack of a major terrorist attack since 9/11 is proof of our status quo detention policy’s effectiveness.
The risk of terrorism is low, but latent -~-- recent successes are reversible if the U.S. lowers its guard McLaughlin 13 (John McLaughlin was a CIA officer for 32 years and served as deputy director and acting director from 2000-2004. He currently teaches at the Johns Hopkins Universityand#39;s School of Advanced International Studies and is a Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, ¶ 06:00 AM ET¶ Terrorism at a moment of transition7/12, http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/12/terrorism-at-a-moment-of-transition/)
A third major trend has to do with the debate underway among terrorists over tactics AND and#34;It needs but one foe to breed a war, not two ...and#34;
2NC Link Wall
The plan causes terrorist resurgence-~-- extend Thiessen, Pompeo, and Waxman -~-- unrestricted indefinite detention is good, and key to keep pressure on Al Qaeda -~-- 4 warrants why our links outweigh the link turns:
A) Incapacitation – detention keeps terrorists off the battlefield B) Deterrence – threat of getting caught and sent to Gitmo dissuades recruitment, linking turning all the 2AC’s offense C) Disruption – detention prevents terrorists from plotting new attacks D) Intel – detention gets us vital intel through interrogation, monitoring, and turning terrorists against us each-other
Intel outweighs – lets us prevent attacks and mitigate the impact WND 2013(WND, independent news company dedicated to uncompromising journalism, seeking truth and justice and revitalizing the role of the free press as a guardian of liberty, March 10, and#34;Obama and#39;Rewardingand#39; Terrorists With Civilian Trialsand#34;, http://www.wnd.com/2013/03/obama-rewarding-terrorists-with-civilian-trials/)
McCarthy admitted that he and fellow prosecutors have amassed a strong conviction record against terrorist AND the civilian justice system, which means you don’t get to interrogate them.”
Err neg -~-- the absence of major terrorist attacks since 9/11 means presumption should be against changing policies that have been empirically effective
Civilian prosecution will destroy foreign cooperation in the war on terror McCarthy and Velshi 9 August, 20 Andrew C. McCarthy is Director of the Center for Law and Counterterrorism at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies. From 1985 through 2003, he was a federal prosecutor at the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York, and was the lead prosecutor in the seditious conspiracy trial against Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman and eleven others, described subsequently. Alykhan Velshi is a staff attorney at the Center for Law and Counterterrorism, where he focuses on the international law of armed conflict and the use of force. “We Need a National Security” Courthttp://www.defenddemocracy.org/stuff/uploads/documents/national_security_court.pdf
5. The discovery requirements endanger national security by discouraging cooperation from our allies. AND the generous discovery laws that apply in U.S. criminal proceedings.
Detention is key to prevent terror -~-- criminal prosecution makes attacks inevitable for a plethora of reasons Waxman ’09, Matthew C. Waxman*, * Associate Professor, Columbia Law School; Adjunct Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations; Member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, 2009¶ Journal of National Security Law and Policy¶ 3 J. Natand#39;l Security L. and Poland#39;y 1, Article: Administrative Detention of Terrorists: Why Detain, and Detain Whom?, Lexis, jj
The reason administrative detention is widely discussed at all is because the threat of terrorism AND cannot allow the same likelihood that some guilty persons will go free. n52
Err neg -~-- should maintain flexibility for worst case scenarios Wittes ’11, Benjamin Wittes is a Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, where he is the Research Director in Public Law, and Co-Director of the Harvard Law School - Brookings Project on Law and Security. Detention and Denial electronic resource : The Case for Candor after Guantanamo. Washington : Brookings Institution Press, 2011., ebook, accessed via Wayne State online library, pg 102, jj
To be sure, sometimes it all works out rather well. The criminal justice AND miss having a crisis detention authority designed for ¶ the purpose at hand.
Reforms result in catastrophic terrorism-~--releases them and kills intel gathering Jack Goldsmith 09, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, 2/4/09, “Long-Term Terrorist Detention and Our National Security Court,” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2009/2/0920detention20goldsmith/0209_detention_goldsmith.pdf These three concerns challenge the detention paradigm. They do nothing to eliminate the need AND in the past; having government authorities that reflect that change makes sense.
Prez flex is key to quick action and intel Glenn Sulmasy 9, law faculty of the United States Coast Guard Academy, , Anniversary Contributions: Use of Force: Executive Power: the Last Thirty Years, 30 U. Pa. J. Intand#39;l L. 1355 Since the attacks of 9/11, the original concerns noted by Hamilton, AND of the reality of executive power in the twenty-first century. n24 A2 coop
Alt caus -~-- death penalty policies Mithre J. Sandrasagra, 6-10-2006, Common Dreams, Inter Press Service¶ A Hindrance to U.S. War on Terror, Say Rights Groups, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0610-04.htm, jj
NEW YORK - Continued use of the death penalty in the United States is straining AND Rights Abuse under the Material Witness Law since September 11,and#34; told IPS.
2NC – Resentment Inev
Detention isn’t key to terrorist recruitment or resentment -~-- extend Krauthammer -~-- their list of grievances is endless and self-replenishing -~-- capitulation solves nothing -~-- they will find other recruitment tactics even if detention ends
President Obama and his surrogates have made this argument before, but they have provided AND the “Zionist-Crusader” conspiracy against Muslims elsewhere around the world.¶
Detention restrictions won’t solve terrorism -~-- only a risk they cause it McCarthy ’09, Andrew C. McCarthy III is a former Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, he is most notable for leading the 1995 terrorism prosecution against Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman and eleven others, New York Times best-selling author, 12-7-09, National Review, Gitmo Does Not Cause Terrorism, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/228819/gitmo-does-not-cause-terrorism/andrew-c-mccarthy, jj
So we’re going to shut down the detention center at the U.S. AND outsize influence on the media and that the Left’s key characteristic is projection.
Terrorists will hate us inevitably Meese ’12, Edwin Meese III is the Ronald Reagan Distinguished Fellow in Public Policy and chairman of the Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at the Heritage Foundation. He served as the 75th attorney general of the United States under President Reagan. 1-11-12, Heritage Foundation, Guantanamo Bay Prison is Necessary, http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2012/01/guantanamo-bay-prison-is-necessary, jj
It has been said that the mere existence of Guantanamo is a recruiting tool for AND against terrorists by keeping them off the battlefield and allowing for lawful interrogations.
2NC – Detention Solves Terror
Plan causes terrorism -~-- extend Gaffney -~-- ending detention is a key symbolic move that emboldens the global jihadist movement -~-- that boosts recruitment while denying us key intelligence and putting soldiers back on the battle-field. Their recruitment link turn is nonsense -~-- ending detention only costs us vital intelligence Thiessen and Pompeo 7-9-’13, MODERATOR:¶ MARC A. THIESSEN, AEI¶ SPEAKER:¶ MIKE POMPEO, U.S. HOUSE ¶ OF REPRESENTATIVES (R-KS)¶ AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE, CLOSING GITMO? ¶ A CONVERSATION WITH REP. MIKE POMPEO, http://www.aei.org/files/2013/07/15/-closing-gitmo-transcript_140008739936.pdf, jj
REP. POMPEO: No, that’s ridiculous. I mean, it’s ridiculous on AND coming from these detainees that is relevant to the continued war on terror.
Detention is key to prevent terror -~-- criminal prosecution makes attacks inevitable for a plethora of reasons Waxman ’09, Matthew C. Waxman*, * Associate Professor, Columbia Law School; Adjunct Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations; Member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, 2009¶ Journal of National Security Law and Policy¶ 3 J. Natand#39;l Security L. and Poland#39;y 1, Article: Administrative Detention of Terrorists: Why Detain, and Detain Whom?, Lexis, jj
The reason administrative detention is widely discussed at all is because the threat of terrorism AND cannot allow the same likelihood that some guilty persons will go free. n52
Court trials hamstring the executive—triggers the link Andrew McCarthy 09, Director of the Center for Law and Counterterrorism at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies. From 1985 through 2003, he was a federal prosecutor at the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York, and was the lead prosecutor in the seditious conspiracy trial against Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman and eleven others, described subsequently. AND Alykhan Velshi, a staff attorney at the Center for Law and Counterterrorism, where he focuses on the international law of armed conflict and the use of force, 8/20/09, “Outsourcing American Law,” AEI Working Paper, http://www.aei.org/files/2009/08/20/20090820-Chapter6.pdf Empirically, judicial demands on executive branch procedural compliance, if unchecked, become steadily AND the very outcome the creation of a new system was intended to avoid.
10/1/13
GSU Round 7 - Deference 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kentucky GV | Judge: Paul K DA - def
Members of Congress also have run into another brick wall called the “political question” doctrine, which involves deference to the president’s discretionary authority.¶ “Courts will not decide cases that risk embarrassment to an equal branch of government or involve courts in policy decisions that aren’t appropriate for judicial resolution,” Michael J. Glennon, a professor of International Law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, told Law Blog.
As for the balance of powers, that is where we dive into constitutional hot AND national security decisions in this way, they can only do so retrospectively.
A different view, however, is that the history is largely one of political AND in governmental performance. Therefore, deference to government should increase during emergencies.
Executive flexibility solves nuclear war Yoo 12 (John Yoo, American attorney, law professor, and author. He served as a political appointee, the Deputy Assistant US Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice (OLC), during the George W. Bush administration. “War Powers Belong to the President”¶ Posted Feb 1, 2012,¶ http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/war_powers_belong_to_the_president) A radical change in the system for making war might appease critics of presidential power AND time to introduce sweeping, untested changes in the way we make war.
9/25/13
GSU Round 7 - Drone Prolif 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kentucky GV | Judge: Paul K 1NC – Drone Prolif Adv
Countries won’t model US drone restrictions Etzioni ’13, Amitai Etzioni is a professor of international relations at George ¶ Washington University and author ¶ of Hot Spots: American Foreign Policy in a Post-Human-Rigid World. March-April 2013 ? MILITARY REVIEW, The Great Drone Debate, http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20130430_art004.pdf, jj
Other critics contend that by the United States ¶ using drones, it leads other AND In such circumstances, the role ¶ of norms is much more limited.
Bold predictions of a coming drones arms race are all the rage since the uptake AND air defenses, poor media coverage, and difficulties in accessing the region.
Turkish soft power fails --- Domestic instability in Turkey undermines its soft power and the credibility of its model ALTUNI?IK, 8 --- Professor, Department. of International Relations, Middle East Technical University, Ankara (MEL?HA BENL? ALTUNI?IK, Insight Turkey, “The Possibilities and Limits of Turkey’s Soft Power in the Middle East,” vol.10 no. 2http://www.insightturkey.com/Insight_Turkey_10_2_Meliha_Benli_Altunisik.pdf
Still, however, the emergence of Turkey as a soft power in the Arab AND of Turkey in the Arab world as a successful example of political modernization.
¶ Iranian President-Elect Hassan Rohani’s vow to improve ties with the world carried AND Rohani is more sophisticated and a softer face of the same Iranian leadership.”¶
No impact---Iran prolif won’t cause a chain reaction and nuclear Iran would be rational---deterrence solves Zakaria ’10 (Fareed, editor of Newsweek, 3-1, Newsweek, Vol. 155, Iss. 9, “Don’t Scramble the Jets; Why Iran’s dictators can be deterred” proquest, jj)
An Iran with nuclear weapons would be dangerous and destabilizing, though I am not AND instinct for self-preservation is what will make a containment strategy work.
2. Nuclear Iran won’t cause conflict Crist and Ward ’09 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and senior CIA intelligence analyst Davidand Steven “Deterring Iran: Lessons from History” (http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=3078) 6/24
Although it will be challenging, Iran can be deterred. The Iranians have proven AND , and their decisions rest on remaining in power for the long term.
9/25/13
GSU Round 7 - Terrorism 1NC
Tournament: GSU | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kentucky GV | Judge: Paul K Terror
President Barack Obama has taken a lot of heat over America's targeting of terrorists overseas AND That's why the U.S. needs to keep those drones flying.
External checks on pres war powers cause executive over-caution – undermines war-fighting Pevehouse and Howell ’08, Jon C. Pevehouse, Professor – Poli Sci – UW-Madison, William G. Howell, Sydney Stein Professor in American Politics in the Harris School, a professor in the Department of Political Science and the College, and a co-director of the Program on Political Institutions. While Dangers Gather : Congressional Checks on Presidential War Powers. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 2008. p 18. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/wayne/Doc?id=10478247andppg=12, jj
We are not suggesting that the absence of congressional action is appropriately interpreted as evidence AND like to respond militarily to some foreign conflagration, but who prudently abstains.
The al-Qaeda threat to the United States, while still real, no AND of “combatants” simply by using its armed forces to do so.
No risk of nuclear or WMD terror John Mueller and Mark G. Stewart 12, Senior Research Scientist at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Political Science, both at Ohio State University, and Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute AND Australian Research Council Professorial Fellow and Professor and Director at the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle, "The Terrorism Delusion," Summer, International Security, Vol. 37, No. 1, politicalscience.osu.edu/faculty/jmuellerabsisfin.pdf, jj
Over the course of time, such essentially delusionary thinking has been internalized and institutionalized AND 1,742 in 2001 and to 2,931 in 2002.47 By 2008, Defense Secretary Robert Gates was assuring a congressional committee that what keeps every senior government leader awake at night is “the thought of a terrorist ending up with a weapon of mass destruction, especially nuclear.” 48 Few of the sleepless, it seems, found much solace in the fact that an al-Qaida computer seized in Afghanistan in 2001 indicated that the group’s budget for research on weapons of mass destruction (almost all of it focused on primitive chemical weapons work) was $2,000 to $4,000.49 In the wake of the killing of Osama bin Laden, officials now have many AND by a skilled crew—all while attracting no attention from outsiders.50 If the miscreants in the American cases have been unable to create and set off AND reasonably be considered “massive,” particularly in comparison with nuclear ones. 52 And as explicitly rendered into U.S. law, the term was extended even further to include bombs of any kind, grenades, and mines; rockets having a propellant charge of more than four ounces; missiles having an explosive or incendiary charge of more than onequarter ounce; and projectile-spewing weapons that have a barrel with a bore more than a half inch in diameter.53 It turns out then that the “shot heard round the world” by revolutionary war muskets was the firing of a WMD, that Francis Scott Key was exultantly, if innocently, witnessing a WMD attack in 1814; and that Iraq was full of WMD when the United States invaded in 2003—and still is, just like virtually every other country in the world. After September 11, the delusional—or at least preposterous—expanded definition of WMD has been routinely applied in the United States. Many of those arrested for terrorism have been charged with planning to use “weapons of mass destruction” even though they were working, at most, on small explosives or contemplating planting a hand grenade in a trash bin.
No nuclear retaliation Neely 3/21/13 Meggaen Neely is a research intern for the Project on Nuclear Issues, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 3/21/13, Doubting Deterrence of Nuclear Terrorism, http://csis.org/blog/doubting-deterrence-nuclear-terrorism, jj
Because of the difficulty of deterring transnational actors, many deterrence advocates shift the focus AND communication required for credible retaliatory strikes under deterrence of nuclear terrorism is missing.
Terrorists can’t get bioweapons The Economist 1-8-11 (“A bug’s life; Bioterror; Africa and security,” lexis, jj)
Sceptics say Mr Lugar is scaremongering abroad for political gain at home. He may AND Africa, or organised criminals, have the technical ability to do that.
The worst case scenario happened – no extinction Dove 12 Alan Dove, PhD in Microbiology, science journalist and former Adjunct Professor at New York University, “Who’s Afraid of the Big, Bad Bioterrorist?” Jan 24 2012, http://alandove.com/content/2012/01/whos-afraid-of-the-big-bad-bioterrorist/ The second problem is much more serious. Eliminating the toxins, we’re left with AND biodefense industry is a far greater threat to us than any actual bioterrorists.
Obama's address at the National Defense University in May was meant to signal that he remains committed to reining in what he called a "boundless global war on terror." At the end of the wide-ranging counterterrorism speech that covered military tactics abroad and civil liberties at home, Obama listed the steps he'd take to end the Gitmo era once and for all, while continuing to blame the prison's stubborn endurance on intransigence in Washington. "The detention center has become a symbol around the world for an America AND home, and when the Pentagon is struggling with sequester and budget cuts."
9/25/13
NDT R4 1NC vs Mich St CZ
Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Mich St CZ | Judge: Perkins, Barouch, J Paul 1nc T Restrictions are prohibitions Northglenn 11 (City of Northglenn Zoning Ordinance, “Rules of Construction – Definitions”, http://www.northglenn.org/municode/ch11/content_11-5.html) Section 11-5-3. Restrictions. As used in this Chapter 11 AND building, structure or thing shall be authorized by any permit or license.
They don’t prohibit – there are still circumstances that allow use of special operations forces
Voting issue –
1) Ground – all DAs and CPs like self-restraint, flexibility, and politics compete based off restrictions on the presidential decision-making process – skews the topic in favor of the aff.
2) Limits – they allow infinite modifications to the program—undermines our ability to research and prepare for all debates
T
Special Ops are part of the CIA – not the USAF Maxwell, 13 (David, the Associate Director of the Center for Security Studies and the Security Studies Program in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service of Georgetown University. “Unconventional Warfare Does Not Belong to Special Forces,”¶ http://warontherocks.com/2013/08/unconventional-warfare-does-not-belong-to-special-forces/)
It is clear that UW cannot “belong” solely to one military force, AND in what some of our senior leaders term “shared battle-space.”
Means their not topical
Destroys ground and predictability because not pat of topic
CP NEED TEXT TALYA The executive branch should: require a legislative policy trial prior to introducing United States Special Operations Armed Forces into combat. Establish voluntary transparency of the special operations forces. Presidential commitments are credible and solve the case Marvin Kalb 13, Nonresident Senior Fellow at Foreign Policy, James Clark Welling Presidential Fellow, The George Washington University Edward R. Murrow Professor of Practice (Emeritus), Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2013, "The Road to War," book,pg. 7-8, www.brookings.edu//media/press/books/2013/theroadtowar/theroadtowar_samplechapter.pdf As we learned in Vietnam and in the broader Middle East, a presidential commitment AND standard, even if the gold does not glitter as once it did.
1NC K Asking how the executive should be allowed to conduct war masks the fundamental question of whether war should be allowed at all – this ensures inevitable cycles of militarism Cady 10 (Duane L., prof of phil @ hamline university, From Warism to Pacifism: A Moral Continuum, pp. 22-23) *we disagree with ableist language The widespread, unquestioning acceptance of warism and the corresponding reluctance to consider pacifism as AND a given war or the morality of specific acts within a particular war. Our alternative is not pure pacifism, but rather a pacifist analysis that injects moral and epistemic doubt into our decision-making about war – this is the only way to formulate better policies that address structural causes of war and avoids inevitable cycles of violence Neu 13 – prof @ U of Brighton (Michael, International Relations 27(4), December, The Tragedy of Justified War)
Just war theory is not concerned with millions of starving people who could be saved AND otherwise deprive themselves, today, of the possibility of not wronging tomorrow.
1NC Congress--econ Now is the WORST TIME to restrict war powers – the US is conveying strength on Ukraine now – but Putin is watching for ANY weakness ANDREW A. MICHTA, Professor of International Studies at Rhodes College and a senior fellow at the Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA), “Doubling Down On NATO”, 3/24 2014, http://www.the-american-interest.com/articles/2014/03/24/doubling-down-on-nato/
Putin is closely watching how Washington behaves in the coming weeks in order to determine AND U.S. remains committed to NATO. So far so good. Congressional restrictions destroy crisis flexibility and signal weakness David Auerswald 97, Asst. Prof of PoliSci @ George Washington, and Peter Cowhey, Prof of IR @ UC-San Diego, “Ballotbox Diplomacy: The War Powers Resolution and the Use of Force,” International Studies Quarterly 41, 505-528 The strategic problem for the United States (or any democracy) during military conflicts AND Vietnam War. Its impact, however, is still being felt today. That guarantees Russian aggression and destabilization of Ukraine Baker and Shear 3/25 (Peter Baker, Michael D. Shear, a White House correspondent for The New York Times, received a B.A. degree from Claremont McKenna College and a M.A. degree in public policy from the John F. Kennedy School at Harvard University, MARCH 25, 2014, “U.S. Challenge Now Is to Stop Further Putin Moves” http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/26/world/europe/us-challenge-now-is-stopping-further-putin-moves.html, jj)
The last thing the shaky global recovery -- and the mining industry in particular, AND soybeans by 11 per cent. Now wheat prices are on the march. Global nuclear war Kemp 10 Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4
The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first AND expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.
Politics Next off is politics - A) Uniqueness - Moderate NSA reforms have broad support now – More radical reforms by anti-war power advocates will significantly hamper US intelligence capabilities STEPHANIE CONDON, CBS NEWS, “Obama, House leaders say they're in sync on NSA reforms”, 3/25, 2014, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-house-leaders-say-theyre-in-sync-on-nsa-reforms/
Months after President Obama called on the intelligence community and the Justice Department to come AND able to have the ability to see known terrorists calling the United States."
B) Link - Plan is a loss for Obama – increases the influence of anti-war power advocates Johnson 2013 (Drew Johnson, Editor of the Free Press opinion page, “Right Side Round Table: What is the future of the Tea Party? What does the Tea Party need to do in order to remain influential and effective?,” http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2013/may/16/right-side-round-table/)
Gallup polls routinely find that 60 percent of Americans believe that government is too intrusive AND a social club of like-minded people, powerless to effect change.
Proposals in Congress to end the National Security Agency’s bulk collection of U.S AND than for Americans who are subject of criminal search warrants?” he said.
Extinction Robert Ayson, July 2010, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 33, Issue 7, InformaWorld
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by AND for the terrorists. This might not help the chances of nuclear restraint.
A different view, however, is that the history is largely one of political AND in governmental performance. Therefore, deference to government should increase during emergencies.
The plan destroys presidential war powers broadly via over-deterrence Lindsay, 93 (JAMES M. LINDSAY is associate professor of political science at the University of Iowa, He is the author of Congress and Nuclear Weapons and co-editor of the forthcoming book, Congress Resur- gent: Foreign and Defense Policy on Capitol Hill, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 107, No. 4 (Winter, 1992-1993), pp. 607-628, Congress and Foreign Policy: Why the Hill Matters, http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~lorenzo/Lindsay20Why20the20Hill20Matters.pdf, jj)
A major flaw with legislative scorecards is that they assume that influence can be determined AND in Vietnam illustrates, incremental decision making can lead to major policy commitments.
Warfighting is effective now—the plan causes extinction via terror, rogue states and prolif Yoo 12 (John Yoo, American attorney, law professor, and author. He served as a political appointee, the Deputy Assistant US Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice (OLC), during the George W. Bush administration. “War Powers Belong to the President”¶ Posted Feb 1, 2012,¶ http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/war_powers_belong_to_the_president)
This time, President Obama has the Constitution about right. His exercise of war AND time to introduce sweeping, untested changes in the way we make war.
New prolif destroys nuclear hesitancy which guarantees escalation Cimbala, 8 (Stephen, Distinguished Prof. Pol. Sci. – Penn. State Brandywine, Comparative Strategy, “Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia”, 27, InformaWorld) If the possibility existed of a mistaken preemption during and immediately after the Cold War AND could overturn these expectations for the obsolescence or marginalization of major interstate warfare.
This month marks the one-year anniversary of the onset of U.S AND be the greatest legacy of the U.S. intervention in Libya.
B) Non-enforcement – the plan creates the illusion of constraint with no practical effect Posner and Vermeule ’11, Eric Posner is Kirkland and Ellis Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Aaron Director Research Scholar at the University of Chicago. Adrian Vermeule - John H. Watson, Jr. Professor of Law – Harvard Law School, The Executive Unbound electronic resource : After the Madisonian Republic, Oxford University Press, USA, 2011. 01/01/2011 1 online resource (256 p.) Language: English, pg 87-89, jj
Why did these statutes prove less effective than their proponents hoped¶ or, in AND constraint. But having been tried, they¶ have been found wanting.
The model for policy trials is the impeachment process, as described in Article 1 AND on the merits before any congressional resolution or declaration of war is possible. B) That won’t happen—Boehner squashes it Hendrickson, professor of Political Science at Eastern Illinois University, 13 (Ryan, 4-3-13, “Libya and American war powers: warmaking decisions in the United States,” Global Change, Peace and Security: formerly Pacifica Review: Peace, Security and Global Change, Volume 25, Issue 2, 2013, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14781158.2013.765397)
What makes the American military operation in Libya and the war powers interplay equally¶ AND the American president’s¶ role in determining if force will be used abroad.
And, this is offense for us:
Obama won’t let Congress restrict his power without a fight – the plan passes over his veto Howard Fineman 9/14-13, is editorial director of the Huffington Post Media Group. Huffington Post, Tim Kaine's Bold New War Proposal For Obama, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/14/tim-kaine-obama_n_3923450.html, jj
Conventional wisdom and history hold that presidents never willingly cede an angstrom of their power AND power -- which is what even the embattled Richard Nixon did in 1973.
This triggers a constitutional showdown, independently collapses heg and military effectiveness, and causes intractable interbranch conflict Posner and Vermeule, 8 Eric A. Posner + and Adrian Vermeule, Professor of Law, University of Chicago, Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, U Penn LR, April, lexis
The cost of a showdown is simply that the government does not act - or AND the other side backs down with respect to the original source of dispute.
SOF
No impact to A2AD JONATHAN W. GREENERT, 12 Admiral, U.S. Navy, Projecting Power, Assuring Access, http://cno.navylive.dodlive.mil/2012/05/10/projecting-power-assuring-access/, jj To counter these strategies and assure U.S. freedom of action, Navy AND UAVs, Ford-class aircraft carriers, and long-range weapons.
Special ops fail and won’t be used – under-resourced Robinson 13 (Linda, adjunct senior fellow for U.S. national security and foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) “The Future of U.S. Special Operations Forces” Council of Foreign Relations Report - Council Special Report No. 66)
OPERATIONAL SHORTFALLS The most glaring and critical operational deficit is the fact that, accord AND have been unable to fulfill their role of planning and conducting special operations.
US can maintain naval dominance for 50 more years Farley 07 (Robert is an assistant professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce, University of Kentucky. He contributes to the blogs Lawyers, Guns, and Money and TAPPED, October 23, 2007, The False Decline of the U.S. Navy http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_false_decline_of_the_us_navy)
The United States Navy currently operates eleven aircraft carriers. The oldest and least capable AND dominate the world’s oceans and littorals for at least the next fifty years.
Civilian Control now
Civilian control stable now --- discussions are candid and open Ricks and Crist 8-16-’13, Thomas E. Ricks covered the U.S. military for the Washington Post from 2000 through 2008. Dr. David Crist is a senior historian for the U.S. government and a special advisor to senior officals in the U.S. government. He frequent advises senior government officials on the Middle East. As an officer in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, Crist served two tours with special operations forces in Afghanistan and Iraq. His prior publications include Gulf of Conflict: A History of U.S.-Iranian Confrontation at Sea (Washington Institute, 2009). He holds a B.A. from the University of Virginia and a master's and doctorate in Middle Eastern history from Florida State University., The 'Foreign Policy' transcript (I): Our basic problem over the last 10 years has been decisionmaking at the top level, http://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/08/16/the_fp_transcript_xth_and_last_what_the_last_9_segments_tell_us_about_the_state_of_, jj
Crist: Well I think it's all interrelated -- issues in Afghanistan, issues in AND both sides of it. And I have seen it be quite candid.
No impact to CMR --- it doesn’t solve war and won’t hurt the military Murdie 12 (Department of Political Science, Kansas State University, Jan 18, 2012 “The Bad, the Good, and the Ugly: The Curvilinear Effects of Civil?Military Conflict on International Crisis Outcome Armed Forces and Society 2013 39: 233 originally published online 18 January 2012) What explains the crisis defeats in these situations? Did civil–military relations¶ AND ’’ can heighten the probability of victory in¶ crisis bargaining situations.7
Their impact claims are hype that have been consistently empirically disproven Feaver and Kohn ‘5 Peter Feaver, professor of Political Science and Public Policy and the director of the Triangle Institute for Security Studies at Duke University, and Richard H. Kohn, Professor of History at the University of North Carolina, 2005, “The Gap: Soldiers, Civilians, and Their Mutual Misunderstanding,” in American Defense Policy, 2005 edition, ed. Paul J. Bolt, Damon V. Coletta, Collins G. Shackelford, p. 339
Concerns about a troublesome divide between the armed forces and the society they serve are AND by civilian elites and the general public. Our project provides some answers. CMR resilient Carafano 8 (James Jay, senior research fellow for national security at The Heritage Foundation, “Soldiers, Civilians, and ‘The Great War’” accessed 7-22, http://www.heritage.org/press/commentary/ed050808b.cfm)JFS Civil-military relations are back in the news. There could not be a AND and challenges. America survived them all—and helped win the war.
Interpretation—the aff should defend federal action based on the resolution
Most predictable—the agent and verb of the resolution indicate a debate about hypothetical action Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains AND compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.
The Difference Between Laws and Regulations The difference between laws (statutes) and regulations is sometimes misunderstood. Congress, and only Congress, enacts laws. The Motorboat Act of 1940, the Federal Boating Act of 1958 and the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971 are all examples of laws which were enacted by Congress. Federal executive departments such as the Department of Homeland Security and administrative agencies such as the United States Coast Guard write regulations to implement the authority of laws. Regulations (as well as Executive Orders and Proclamations) are subordinate to laws but both laws and regulations are enforceable.
Relating to the courts or belonging to the office of a judge; a term pertaining to the administration of justice, the courts, or a judge, as in judicial power. A judicial act involves an exercise of discretion or an unbiased decision by a court AND discretion and based upon an evaluation of the evidence presented at a hearing. Judicial connotes the power to punish, sentence, and resolve conflicts.
2. Vote neg—
Topicality is a voting issue for limits and ground---our entire negative strategy is based on the “should” question of the resolution---there are an infinite number of reasons that the scholarship of their advocacy could be a reason to vote affirmative--- these all obviate the only predictable strategies based on topical action---they overstretch our research burden and undermine preparedness for all debates
Clash is the biggest impact in the round and internally link turns their pedagogy – the Neg’s ability to contest Aff claims improves BOTH TEAMS’ knowledge. O’Donnell 4 – PhD, director of debate at Mary Washington (Tim, WFU Debaters Research Guide, "Blue helmet blues", ed. Bauschard 26 Lacy, http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/DRGArtiarticlesIndex.htm)
The answer, I believe, resides deep in the rhetorical tradition in the often AND way, they need to mutually acknowledge the point about which they disagree. What happens when participants fail to reach agreement about what it is that they are AND prevails, it is hard to see how a productive conversation can ensue. I do not mean to suggest that dialogic engagement always unfolds along an ideal plain AND stand to lose a great deal when we refuse a genuine starting point.
And, Extra topicality is a voting issue – the idea that proving the plan is a bad idea isn’t sufficient to vote negative makes it impossible to be negative – they can just prove one random justification true which is unpredictable and violates the burden of the rejoinder
In addition they allow bidirectionality --- affirming the chaos of cyberwar could arguable include a rejection of DEFENSIVE cyber measures, which is untopical—bidirectionality explodes limits and is unpredictable DA Securitization of the chaos of cyber-warfare should be celebrated—their aff would kill warfighting—prevents first strikes and causes leaks Chanock, 13 (Alexander Chanock*, * J.D. Candidate 2014, UCLA School of Law; Claremont McKenna College, 2011, Summer, 2013, Journal of Air Law and Commerce, ARTICLE: FIXING THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION IN THE AGE OF PREDATOR DRONES AND CYBER-WARFARE, 78 J. Air L. and Com. 453, Lexis, jj) *modified for ableist language Another major problem is that involving Congress in the deliberation process for cyber-warfare AND United States as a defensive measure, assuming the enemy has the capabilities. Current rules are sufficient to check OCO abuse – additional restraints will undermine our flexibility to fight against asymmetrical warfare Jessica Feil, 2012, Editor-in-Chief, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, “Cyberwar and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Using New Technologies, from Espionage to Action,” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, Fall, pp. LN, KEL
UAVs present the same challenge when entering a state. The United States is not AND modern laws of war will serve as a practical framework for national security. Speed is key – their theoretical indicts of speed don’t apply in the OCO context Stephen Dycus ’10, Professor, Vermont Law School, 8/11/10, and#34;Congress’s Role in Cyber Warfare,and#34; http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/11_Dycus.pdf-http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/11_Dycus.pdf
Cyber weapons bear a striking resemblance to nuclear weapons in some important ways. An AND different in kind and degree, still could be widespread and indiscriminate.49 In other ways, cyber weapons are critically different from their nuclear counterparts. For one thing, the time frame for response to a cyber attack might be much narrower. A nuclear weapon delivered by a land-based ICBM could take 30 minutes to reach its target. An electronic attack would arrive instantaneously, and leave no time to consult with or even inform anyone outside the executive branch before launching a counterstrike, if that were U.S. policy.
The impact is hegemony—unrestricted U.S. superiority in cyber warfare is necessary to key to maintain military superiority and next-gen war-fighting Stephanie Dreyer 2012, Media Relations Director for the Truman National Security Project, an institute that trains and positions progressives to lead on national security, “Cyber Warfare: The War America is Losing,” Policymic, 2012, http://www.policymic.com/articles/3645/cyber-warfare-the-war-america-is-losing/featured_writer, KEL
It is becoming increasingly clear that countries like China and Russia have no misgivings about AND standing, we must use every weapon at our disposal to protect ourselves.
Effective engagement checks global nuclear war Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth ’13 (Stephen, Associate Professor of Government at AND . 3 (Winter 2012/13), pp. 7–51)
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far AND that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85
American power facilitates status bargaining – our impact is supported by interdisciplinary studies --- their evidence is unqualified and philosophical Wohlforth 09 – Professor of government @ Dartmouth College William C. Wohlforth, “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War,” World Politics, Volume 61, Number 1, January 2009 Second, I question the dominant view that status quo evaluations are relatively independent of AND material interest in security and/or prosperity. Pg. 33-35
We control macro uniqueness. Statistics prove hegemony is decreasing violence Owen 11 John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard "DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONY" Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/
Andrew Mack and his colleagues at the Human Security Report Project are to be congratulated AND in part by the emergence of the United States as the global hegemon.
Weakened America increases violent securitization Brzezinski ’12 (Zbigniew Brzezinski, national security advisor under U.S. President Jimmy Carter, is author of the forthcoming book Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power, Foreign Policy, After America http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,1, jj)
For if America falters, the world is unlikely to be dominated by a single AND policy -- or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil.
1NC – Case Frontline No reason they are sufficient to solve Socratic logic, pre-emption and Securitization – there are tons of alternative causes like surveillance and the rest of the topic—their evidence agrees—vote neg on presumption TALYA!! read the purple Stockdale, their author, 13 (Liam Stockdale, Ph.D. in International Relations, Department of Political Science, McMaster University. “Imagined Futures and exceptional presents: a conceptual critique of ‘pre-emptive security’” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14781158.2013.774342) Henge A growing body of work has meticulously documented the emergence of pre-emption as AND the logic of pre-emptive security and the logic of political exceptionalism.
Their stockdale ev says detention is an alt caus purple Stockdale, 10 (Liam Stockdale, Ph.D. in International Relations, Department of Political Science, McMaster University. “Securitizing the Future? A Critical Interrogation of the Pre-emptive Turn in the Theory and Practice of Contemporary Security” https://www.academia.edu/430468/Securitizing_the_Future_A_Critical_Interrogation_of_the_Pre-Emptive_Turn_In_the_Theory_and_Practice_of_Contemporary_Security) Henge As mentioned above, an explicitly temporal element has underwritten the development of security practices AND the ultimately unified objective of securing an imagined future that underwrites their enaction.
Pre-emptive logic doesn’t cause endless warfare Gray 7—Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies and Professor of International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, graduate of the Universities of Manchester and Oxford, Founder and Senior Associate to the National Institute for Public Policy, formerly with the International Institute for Strategic Studies and the Hudson Institute (Colin, July, “The Implications of Preemptive and Preventive War Doctrines: A Reconsideration”, http://www.ciaonet.org/wps/ssi10561/ssi10561.pdf)
7. A policy that favors preventive warfare expresses a futile quest for absolute security AND strategy, though not always policy, must be nothing if not pragmatic. No impact – threat construction isn’t sufficient to cause wars and proximate causes outweigh Securitization and threat construction doesn’t cause wars --- extend Kaufman --- their ev ignores proximate causes --- war can still be avoided even in a world of hostile narratives Kaufman, 9 - Prof Poli-sci and IR – U Delaware (Stuart J, “Narratives and Symbols in Violent Mobilization: The Palestinian-Israeli Case,” Security Studies 18:3, 400 – 434)
Even when hostile narratives, group fears, and opportunity are strongly present, war AND and opportunity spur hostile attitudes, chauvinist mobilization, and a security dilemma.
Preemption is good --- solves global war Steven Westphal 3, Lt. Col. 2003, Counterterrorism: Policy of Preemptive Action, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/army-usawc/westphal.pdf Preemptive strikes risk causing potential crisis to escalate quickly. However, the risk of AND and a necessary method to deter and eventually stop the scourge of terrorism.
*Specifically, preemption solves loose nukes, North Korea, and Iran war --- all go nuclear Jonas 12 George Jonas (staffwriter for Natl Post; contributer to WSJ and others; prolific author) “What's wrong with 'pre-emptive' war?”; January 11, 2012; http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/01/11/george-jonas-the-case-for-pre-emptive-war/ What justifies preemptive war? Presidential hopeful Ron Paul may think he alone worries about AND they threaten to do when they do? We shall all soon know.
No impact to ressentiment or value to life May 5 (Todd, Professor of Philosophy at Clemson University, September 2005, “To change the world, to celebrate life,” Philosophy and Social Criticism, Vol. 31, No. 5-6) For those among us who seek in philosophy a way to grapple with our lives AND to speak in words worth hearing. Why else would we read Foucault? We seek to conceive what is wrong in the world, to grasp it in AND else. But this is not the struggle I want to address here. For there is, on the other hand, another search and another goal. AND . In short, we would like our thought to celebrate our lives. To change the world and to celebrate life. This, as the theologian Harvey Cox saw, is the struggle within us.1 It is a struggle in which one cannot choose sides; or better, a struggle in which one must choose both sides. The abandonment of one for the sake of the other can lead only to disaster or callousness. Forsaking the celebration of life for the sake of changing the world is the path AND that attends to it should be evident to all of us by now. The alternative is surely not to shift one’s allegiance to the pure celebration of life AND only by an equally expansive disregard for those we place in harm’s way. This is the struggle, then. The one between the desire for life- AND The question then becomes one of how to choose both sides at once.
Human nature makes realism inevitable Thayer 2k (Bradley, political scientist and an associate professor in Missouri State University's Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, the MIT Press, International Security, Vol. 25, No. 2(Autumn 2000), pp. 124-151, "Bringing in Darwin: Evolutionary Theory, Realism, and International Politics”)
The second ultimate cause of egoistic and dominating behavior is given by Morgenthau: Humans AND cyclically, producing both periods of stability and intense security competition in international politics
Realism means US abandonment of securitization and power politics will not be reciprocated Krauthammer ’09 (Charles, Pulitzer Prize Winner, 10-27, Washington Examiner, “Decline is a choice. Retreat abroad beings at home,”)
So why not? Why not choose ease and bask in the adulation of the AND the threshold of hyper-proliferation, it is a prescription for catastrophe.
To clarify some of these points, one might find it helpful to distinguish some AND could be rewritten in nonwelfarist terms without changing the substance of the analysis.
Abstract criticisms of the war on terror are anti-political --- their call to “re-think” just widens the gulf between academia and the government Bernard Lane, journalist, The Australian, July 9, 2008, Radical pacifism in terror studies, Lexis, jj
UNIVERSITY departments dominated by so-called critical terror studies are consigning themselves to ever AND need to rethink sovereignty or that (terror is) our fault.''
This turns all their offense Gunning 7 (Government and Opposition Volume 42 Issue 3, Pages 363 - 393 Published Online: 21 Jun 2007 A Case for Critical Terrorism Studies?1 Jeroen Gunning.
The notion of emancipation also crystallizes the need for policy engagement. For, unless AND 'critical', nor can it be uncritically universalist without betraying its 'critical' commitment.
A functional analysis of the conduct of foreign affairs should also lead to the classification AND abilities to wield power quickly, effectively, and in a unitary manner.
3/29/14
NDT Round 7 - Ballot Focus Bad
Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: KCKCC CG | Judge: We can agree that their politics are a valuable survival strategy while contesting the necessity of using the ballot as an internal link to survivalism. Their politics becomes a coping mechanism that trades off with finding a cure Engels, 10 (Jeremy Engels is Assistant Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences at Penn State University, Rhetoric Society Quarterly, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 303–325, “The Politics of Resentment and the Tyranny of the Minority: Rethinking Victimage for Resentful Times” ISSN 0277-3945 (print)/ISSN 1930-322X (online) # 2010 The Rhetoric Society of America, DOI: 10.1080/02773941003785652, jj) *modified for ableism The slave morality Nietzsche describes disciplines the herd through the creation of a resentful soul AND voluptuousness, revenge, hope, triumph, despair, cruelty’’ (139). These forms of coping are ‘‘guilty’’ because they fail to cure the ills of AND the politics of resentment: namely, unhappiness, weakness, and dependence. Tying their survival strategy to wins and losses makes the ballot a placebo that re-entrenches their harms Lennard J. Davis 1, Distinguished Professor of English at the University of Illinois, leading author in the field of disability studies, Identity Politics, Disability, and Culture, isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/read/identitypolitics.pdf In this sense, the identity of the novel, if we can see the AND that of the mythical character, the wound must be healed or cured. I return to the notion of identity because I want to tie the novel, AND beneficiaries as well as those excluded from the benefits of bourgeois identity. 14 Yet the desire for a cure is also the desire for a quick fix. AND by Christian charity toward the poor who "will always be with you." All of these cures are placebos for the basic problem presented to capitalism and its AND of modern subjectivity is inherent in the environment, not in the subject. The problem with the notion of wounded identities, as Brown (1995) postulates AND can, at this point, create solidarity while maintaining difference is essential. I have tried to make the case briefly that disability, as an identity, AND marginalized, or patronized by the very people most active in identity politics. The answer is not to keep creating newer and newer categories of identity or to AND oppression can we all safely feel that we have truly regained our identity.
The politics of the 1AC is grounded in injuries of the past with no guide for the future---this reinscribes exclusion and foreclosures social justice Bhambra 10—U Warwick—AND—Victoria Margree—School of Humanities, U Brighton (Identity Politics and the Need for a ‘Tomorrow’, http://www.academia.edu/471824/Identity_Politics_and_the_Need_for_a_Tomorrow_)
2 The Reification of Identity We wish to turn now to a related problem within AND to the identity being foreclosed through its attention to past-based grievances.
Resistance via the ballot can only instill an adaptive politics of being and effaces the institutional constraints that reproduce structural violence Brown 95—prof at UC Berkely (Wendy, States of Injury, 21-3)
For some, fueled by opprobrium toward regulatory norms or other mo- dalities of AND so forms an important element of legitimacy for the antidemocratic dimensions of liberalism.
Trading autobiographical narrative for the ballot commodifies one’s identity and has limited impact on the culture that one attempt’s to reform – when autobiographical narrative “wins,” it subverts its own most radical intentions by becoming an exemplar of the very culture under indictment Coughlin 95—associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School. (Anne, REGULATING THE SELF: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PERFORMANCES IN OUTSIDER SCHOLARSHIP, 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229)
Although Williams is quick to detect insensitivity and bigotry in remarks made by strangers, AND publication record is itself sufficient evidence of the success of their endeavor. n200 Certainly, publication of a best seller may transform its author's life, with the AND Sacvan Bercovitch, "to have your dissent and make it too." n205 IV. The Autobiographical Self The outsider narratives do not reflect on another feature of autobiographical discourse that is perhaps AND whose claims to full individuality have often been denied by our society." n210 Precisely because it appeals to readers' fascination with the self-sufficiency, resiliency and AND her individual desires and rights above the needs and obligations of a collectivity. Moreover, literary theorists have remarked the tendency of autobiographical discourse to override radical authorial AND text's political and social observations only as another aspect of the author's personality. Paradoxically, although autobiography is the product of a culture that cultivates human individuality, AND , rather than subvert, autobiographical protagonists that serve the values of liberalism.
Performance is not a mode of resistance - it gives too much power to the audience because the performer is structurally blocked from controlling the (re)presentation of their representations. Appealing to the ballot is a way of turning over one’s identity to the same reproductive economy that underwrites liberalism Phelan 96—chair of New York University's Department of Performance Studies (Peggy, Unmarked: the politics of performance, ed published in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005, 146 Performance’s only life is in the present. Performance cannot be saved, recorded, documented, or otherwise participate in the circulation of representations of representations: once it does so, it becomes something other than performance. To the degree that performance attempts to enter the economy of reproduction it betrays and lessens the promise of its own ontology. Performance’s being, like the ontology of subjectivity proposed here, becomes itself through disappearance. The pressures brought to bear on performance to succumb to the laws of the reproductive AND only a spur to memory, an encouragement of memory to become present.
The very act of articulating why performance ought be attached to the ballot casts performance within the terms of liberalism’s discursive economy – this reduces their performance to a form of aesthetic formalism, this subordinates the political potential of performance to the narrow disciplinary concerns of academic knowledge production Phelan ‘96—chair of New York University's Department of Performance Studies (Peggy, Unmarked: the politics of performance, ed published in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005, In his 1981 article Representation and the Limits of Interpretation, Eric E. Peterson AND reinvestigating the process of performance as art, not subject-object relations.
Every time they say “WHAT WE SAY HERE IS MORE IMPORTANT” -- they are denigrating the world beyond the debate space which means they can never mobilize a larger public to oppose government killing. Focusing on yourself makes reinventing democracy impossible Brown 12 Wendy Brown is a Professor of Political Science at the University of California in Berkeley. Krisis, RECLAIMING DEMOCRACY. AN INTERVIEW WITH WENDY BROWN ON OCCUPY, SOVEREIGNTY, AND SECULARISM, Issue 3, www.krisis.eu I don’t think it is possible to think democracy from a Foucauldian perspective for several AND is that it has derailed left democratic thinking into a preoccupation with ethics.
If we focus on Western societies for a moment again, which super - structure AND change the rules of the game so that such trumps lose their significance.
The aff is wasted energy – fighting particular battles without changing the way the economy works means nothing really changes – the aff just obscures the logic of capitalism Zizek, ’99 (Slavoj, Senior Researcher and professor at the Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, The Ticklish Subject, page 352-355)
The big news of today’s post-political age of the ‘end of ideology’ AND more than ever caught in an inexorable compulsion that effectively runs his life.
This implicates their role of the ballot argument. Inclusion of their performance and narrative in the debate space is an empty act of tolerance that ensures that nothing really changes Zizek 8—Institute for Social Sciences, Ljubljana (Slavoj, The Prospects of Radical Politics Today, Int’l Journal of Baudrillard Studies, 5;1) ellipses in orig Let us take two predominant topics of to day's American radical academia: postcolonial and AND critical theory are imperceptibly translated into the benign universe of Cultural Studies chic. My personal experience is that practically all of the "radical" academics silently count AND ultimately amounts to an empty gesture which obligates no one to any¬thing determinate. II. From Human to Animal Rights We live in the "postmodern" era in which truth¬ claims as such are AND of suffering and humiliation.2 Singer then provides the Darwinian background.3
The aff reflects the ideology of Occupy. Claiming “debate space” as a site for organic, horizontalist politics sells out radical change to the private sphere of individual performance. Marcus 2012 – associate book editor at Dissent Magazine (Fall, David, “The Horizontalists”, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/the-horizontalists)
There is a much-recycled and certainly apocryphal tale told of an ethnographer traveling in India. Journeying up and down the Ganges Delta, he encounters a fisherman who claims to know the source of all truth. “The world,” the fisherman explains, “rests upon the back of an elephant.” “But what does the elephant stand on?” the ethnographer asks. “A turtle.” “And the turtle?” “Another turtle.” “And it?” “Ah, friend,” smiles the fisherman, “it is turtles all the way down.” As with most well-circulated apocrypha, it is a parable that lacks a AND only raises the question, “Why do we think we know better?” Since the early 1970s we have wondered—with increasing anxiety—why and if AND particularities, to individualities, oddities, discontinuities, contrasts, and singularities.” This growing anxiety over the precision of our interpretive powers has translated into a variety AND only ask, “what is the right thing for us to do?” This shift in scale has had a significant impact on the Left over the past AND what Geertz has called—the “thin” to the “thick.” Class, race, and gender—those classic left themes—are, to AND . As post-Marxists Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe declared in 1985, Left-wing thought today stands at a crossroads. The “evident truths” AND way of conceiving both socialism and the roads that should lead to it. In many ways, the Left has just been keeping up with the times. AND placard from the 1999 Seattle protests read, “No globalization without participation!” Occupy Wall Street has come to represent the latest turn in this movement toward local AND on personal freedom, its vertical and bureaucratic structures of decision-making. Time was also to be transformed. The general assemblies and general strikes were efforts AND during this spring’s May Day protests, “Why work? Be happy.” In many ways, the Occupy movement was a rebellion against the institutionalized nature of AND institutionalism and personal freedom that has most often been affiliated with the Right. Seeking an alternative to the bureaucratic tendencies of capitalism and socialism, Occupiers were to frequently invoke the image of autonomy: of a world in which social and economic relations exist outside the institutions of the state. Their aspiration was a society based on organic, decentralized circuits of exchange and deliberation—on voluntary associations, on local debate, on loose networks of affinity groups. If political and economic life had become abstracted in the age of globalization and financialization, then Occupy activists wanted to re-politicize our everyday choices. As David Graeber, one of Occupy’s chief theoretical architects, explained two days after Zuccotti Park was occupied, “The idea is essentially that “the system is not going to save us,” so “we’re going to have to save ourselves.” Borrowing from the anarchist tradition, Graeber has called this work “direct action”: AND a new subjectivity from which one can project the future into the present. Direct action and horizontal democracy are new names, of course, for old ideas AND attempting to resist the often autocratic tendencies of a fast-globalizing capitalism. But direct action and horizontal democracy also tap into a longer, if often neglected AND also new modes of what he calls “self-management and organization.” With direct action and horizontal democracy, the Occupy movement not only developed a set AND what Castoriadis obliquely referred to as—“the self-institution of society.” The seemingly spontaneous movement that emerged after the first general assemblies in Zuccotti Park was AND horizontalist ethos that believes that revolution will begin by transforming our everyday lives. It can be argued that horizontalism is, in many ways, a product of AND the polity that functions best when the state is absent from everyday decisions. But one can also find in its anti-institutionalism an attempt to speak in AND .” We need, in other words, to stop thinking like leftists. But herein lies the problem. Not all possible forms of human existence and social AND —in which, in other words, there is a moral hierarchy. More problematically, by working outside structures of power one may circumvent coercive systems but AND cloak those hierarchies spawned from non-institutional forms of power and capital. This is a particularly pointed irony for a political ideology that claims to be opposed AND , creativity, devotion, love and trust back into numbers once again.” In many ways, this is the result of a set of political ideas that AND recognize that “there is no such thing as a society without institutions.” This is—and will be—a problem for the horizontalist Left as it AND but to discover “new kinds of relationship between society and its institutions.” Horizontalism has come to serve as an important break from the static strategies and categories AND that, in our age of ever more stratification, we must resist.
Grounding politics in social location prevents comprehensive analysis of SOCIAL RELATIONS as a totality—causes a “snapshot” approach to understanding oppression that blocks class struggle - snapshot Susan Ferguson ’08, is Assistant Professor in the Journalism Program at the Wilfrid Laurier University, Brantford Campus. Her previous work on feminist theory and politics explores the development of the social reproduction framework in the Canadian context. Current research interests include applying that framework to media and children's culture. Race, Gender and Class: Volume 15, Number 1-2, 2008 (42-57), CANADIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIAL REPRODUCTION FEMINISM, RACE AND EMBODIED LABOR, http://davidmcnally.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Race-Gender-Class.pdf, jj
Early attempts to develop a materialist, anti-racist feminism from a Marxian perspective AND resistance to that power under-theorized (Brenner, 2000:293). Vote neg on ethics - resisting this reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility Zizek and Daly 2004 (Slavoj, professor of philosophy at the Institute for Sociology, Ljubljana, and Glyn, Senior Lecturer in Politics in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at University College, Northampton, Conversations with Zizek, page 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol AND abject Other to that of a ‘glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. Modern Racism is no longer based on ideologies of cultural or natural superiority - economic egotism is the root of modern racism Zizek 2008 Slavoj Violence p 101-104
But we are not dealing here only with good old racism. Something more AND the sphere of (relative) economic prosperity and those excluded from it.
This is not a meaningless question – the structures of capitalism are driving multiple large-scale processes that are increasingly out of the control of individuals living their lives. Global warming, multiple wars of accumulation, loss of land and income stratification: all of these are making life unlivable. Parr ’13 (Adrian, Assoc. Prof. of Philosophy and Environmental Studies @ U. of Cincinnati, THE WRATH OF CAPITAL: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics, pp. 145-147)
A quick snapshot of the twenty-first century so far: an economic meltdown AND Sounds like a ticking time bomb, doesn't it? Well it is. It is shameful to think that massive die-outs of future generations will put to pale comparison the 6 million murdered during the Holocaust; the millions killed in two world wars; the genocides in the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and Darfur; the 1 million left homeless and the 316,000 killed by the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. The time has come to wake up to the warning signs.3 The real issue climate change poses is that we do not enjoy the luxury of AND no return. We therefore need to start thinking very differently right now. We do not see the crisis for what it is; we only see it AND metabolic, destructive system of the capital and its model: capitalism.”5 The structural conditions in which we operate are advanced capitalism. Given this fact, AND lead us down one path and through the golden gates of capitalist heaven. For these reasons, I have underscored everyone's implication in this structure – myself included AND courage with the people around you. All the rest is false hope. In many respects, writing this book has been an anxious exercise because I am AND must start from the point that after 2050 it may all be over.
Neoliberal colonialism was the driving motivator for the conquest of the Phillipines, and is the modern motivator of their exclusion San Juan, 11 (E. San Juan, Jr, Fellow, W.E. B. Du Bois Institute, Harvard University, Global Society, Volume 25, Issue 1, 2011, Special Issue: Themed Section: Labour Issues in Asia and the Diaspora “Contemporary Global Capitalism and the Challenge of the Filipino Diaspora” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13600826.2010.522983#.UydzraiICm4, jj)
After three hundred years of Spanish colonialism, the Filipino people mounted a revolution for AND .S. metropole is the true fulfillment of their hopes and dreams. The U.S. nation-state after September 11, 2001 remains alive AND other countries in the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Asia. With the Cold War unfolding in IndoChina, and the worsening of economic stagnation and AND gap remedy for a world-systemic crisis of profit/capital accumulation. For the last four decades, the Philippines has been plagued by accelerated impoverishment as AND its function as a mediator/receiver of supposedly neutral global market compulsion.
Our alternative is to organize politics around class struggle and refuse the 1AC’s evacuation of universalism. This is a question of non-permutable starting points; only prior critical interrogation of economic relations lays the groundwork for radical politics - Individualism warrant McLaren ‘06 (Peter, University of California, “Slavoj Žižek's Naked Politics: Opting for the Impossible, A Secondary Elaboration”, JAC, http://www.jacweb.org/Archived_volumes/Text_articles/V21_I3_McLaren.htm, jj)
Žižek challenges the relativism of the gender-race-class grid of reflexive positionality AND of each is the condi-tion for the free development of all?
It’s not enough to have talked about the class in the 1AC. It’s a question of our POLITICAL STRATEGY. The politics of recognition that the 1AC embodies forfeits more radical strategies Linda Alcoff, 6, THE POLITICAL CRITIQUE OF IDENTITY, http://www.alcoff.com/content/chap2polcri.html
Fraser seems to accept that some forms of identity politics entail no commitment to a AND redistribution has a more lasting value on society when its goals are achieved.
3/30/14
TPA Politics DA
Tournament: Texas | Round: 1 | Opponent: Missouri State BR | Judge: Katsulas Next off is pltx TPA will pass now despite Reid’s objection CNI, Chemical News and Intelligence, Jan 30th 2014, Lexis
Dooley served as a member of Congress from 1991 to 2004, ……………… "If the president is committed to this, it has always been possible to get trade promotion authority through Congress," Dooley said.
Fighting to defend his war power will sap Obama’s capital, trading off with rest of agenda Kriner, 10 --- assistant professor of political science at Boston University (Douglas L. Kriner, “After the Rubicon: Congress, Presidents, and the Politics of Waging War”, University of Chicago Press, Dec 1, 2010, page 68-69)
While congressional support leaves …. military action insufficient to its costs than if Congress stood behind him in the international arena.
Political capital is key to TPA – which solves global leadership and the economy Thomas F. "Mack" McLarty was chief of staff to President Bill Clinton during the NAFTA ratification fight. Nelson W. Cunningham was also a Clinton White House aide, “A Critical Test of Leadership”, 2/2/14, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thomas-f-mclarty/a-critical-test-of-leader_b_4705623.html
In his State of the Union address last week, …. including leaders of his own party, can work together?
TPA is key to US trade leadership and economic diplomacy—rejection signals isolationism and withdrawal Zoellick, 1/12/14 (Robert Zoellick has served as president of the World Bank Group, U.S. trade representative and deputy secretary of state, Jan. 12, 2014, Wall Street Journal, “Leading From the Front on Free Trade” http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303933104579302452830547782, jj)
America's commitment to free trade will …. to make 2014 the year the U.S. reclaimed global leadership on trade.
