Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
Debt ceiling will pass now – polcap’s key
The Detriot News 9/19/13 (Dale McFeatters, "Another Debt Ceiling Debate?")
The tea party-influenced wing of …uncertain, the president almost dare not.

Political capital is key
Blake 9/18/13  (Aaron, Covers National Politics for the Washington Post, The Washington Post, Post Politics, Carney Assures That Obama 'Has Twisted Arms')
White House press secretary Jay … be in the fray until Congress does the right thing.”

Plan costs capital – makes Obama look soft on terror
Banerjee 5/26/13 (Neela, LA Times DC Energy and Environment Correspondent, McClatchy Newspapers, The State Newspaper, "Republicans Criticize Obama's shift on Drone Use")
WASHINGTON, DC — Republicans criticized President … in the deployment of drones without sacrificing security.

Failure to raise the debt ceiling collapses the economy –
McAuliff 9/18/13 (Michael, Covers Congres
s for the Huffington Post, "Debt Limit Showdown Could be Catastrophic For Economy:
Analysts")
*Zandi is the chief economist at Moody's Analytics

Much like Democrats who released … recession, and I don't see how we get out of it," he added.

That goes nuclear
Green and Schrage ‘9 (Michael J Green is Senior Advisor and Japan Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and Associate Professor at Georgetown University. Steven P Schrage is the CSIS Scholl Chair in International Business and a former senior official with the US Trade Representative's Office, State Department and Ways and Means Committee, Asia Times, 2009 http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Asian_Economy/KC26Dk01.html)

Facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, … other countries to put up barriers to close markets.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
Drone prolif inevitable
Etzioni ‘13 Amitai, professor of international relations at George Washington University, “The Great Drone Debate,” March-April, http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20130430_art004.pdf
Other critics contend that by the … the United States refrains from employing that technology.

No modeling- US signals are dismissed, social science proves
Zenko ‘13 Micah, Council on Foreign Relations Center for Preventive Action Douglas Dillon fellow, "The Signal and the Noise," Foreign Policy, 2-2-13, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/02/20/the_signal_and_the_noise, accessed 6-12-13, mss
Later, Gen. Austin observed of cutting forces … they are made to appease domestic audiences.

Drone prolif doesn’t escalate
Singh ’12 Joseph Singh is a researcher at the Center for a New American Security, an independent and non-partisan organization that focuses on researching and analyzing national security and defense policies, also a research assistant at the Institute for Near East and Gulf Military Analysis (INEGMA) North America, is a War and Peace Fellow at the Dickey Center, a global research organization, “Betting Against a Drone Arms Race,” 8-13-12, http://nation.time.com/2012/08/13/betting-against-a-drone-arms-race/
Bold predictions of a coming drones … unaltered despite their arrival in large numbers.

China won’t use drones aggressively- rationality checks
Erickson and Strange 13 Andrew Erickson is an associate professor at the Naval War College and an Associate in Research at Harvard University's Fairbank Centre, Austin Strange is a researcher at the Naval War College's China Maritime Studies Institute, “China has drones. Now how will it use them?” 5-29, http://www.nationmultimedia.com/opinion/China-has-drones-Now-how-will-it-use-them-30207095.html
Drones, able to dispatch death remotely, without … remains one of caution - something Washington must bear in mind with its own drone programme.

No South China Sea conflict or escalation – their evidence is media exagerration
Kania 13 – The Harvard Political Review is a journal of politics and public policy published by the Institute of Politics, cites Andrew Ring, a former Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Fellow, and Peter Dutton, Director of the China Maritime Studies Institute at the U.S. Naval War College (Elsa, 01/11, “The South China Sea: Flashpoints and the U.S. Pivot,” http://harvardpolitics.com/world/the-south-china-sea-flashpoints-and-the-u-s-pivot/)
Equilibrium and Interdependence? One paradox at the heart … facilitate a peaceful resolution to future incidents.

Caucus conflict won’t escalate
Collins and Wohlforth ‘4 (Kathleen, Professor of Political Science – Notre Dame and William, Professor of Government – Dartmouth, “Defying ‘Great Game’ Expectations”, Strategic Asia 2003-4: Fragility and Crisis, p. 312-313, 2004)
Conclusion The popular great game lens for … and domestic stability in Central Asia.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
Restrictions are prohibitions on action --- the aff isn’t  
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf
3. The ordinary definition of the term …., but he did not agree to restrict his license.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
The President of the United States should issue an executive order transferring lead executive authority for non-battlefield targeted killing from the Central Intelligence Agency to the Joint Special Operations Command.

Transferring authority boosts transparency and intel without restricting strikes – solves the aff
Zenko 13¸ Micah, Douglas Dillon fellow with the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Clip the Agency's Wings: Why Obama needs to take the drones away from the CIA,” April 16th, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/04/16/clip_the_agencys_wings_cia_drones?utm_source=feedly
Last month, Daniel Klaidman reported … for Langley is not sustainable or strategically wise.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
Congressional restrictions cause adversaries to doubt the credibility of our threats --- causes crisis escalation
Matthew Waxman 8/25/13, Professor of Law @ Columbia and Adjunct Senior Fellow for Law and Foreign Policy @ CFR, “The Constitutional Power to Threaten War,” Forthcoming in Yale Law Journal, vol. 123, August 25, 2013, SSRN
A claim previously advanced from a presidentialist perspective is … force in order to prevent a confrontation which might escalate.179

Perception of weak Presidential crisis response collapses heg
John R. Bolton 9, Senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and Former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, “The danger of Obama's dithering,” Los Angeles Times, October 18, http://articles.latimes.com/2009/oct/18/opinion/oe-bolton18
Weakness in American foreign policy … simply embodies weakness and indecision. 

Readiness collapse goes nuclear
Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth ’13 (Stephen, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College “Don’t Come Home America: The Case Against Retrenchment,” International Security, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Winter 2012/13), pp. 7–51)
A core premise of deep engagement is that it … that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
The affs restriction backfires – it normalizes and sanitizes paranoid imperial violence
Cooper, 11 -- University of Bradford International Relations and Security Studies Senior Lecturer Neil, PhD from University of Kent at Canterbury, University of Bradford Associate Dean for Research for the School of Social and International Studies, "Humanitarian Arms Control and Processes of Securitization: Moving Weapons along the Security Continuum," Contemporary Security Policy, Vol 32, Issue 1, 2011, tandfonline, accessed 9-5-13, mss
In this account of contemporary HAC, powerful actors who aim to … economic and security paradigms of contemporary military humanism.

That causes endless warfare
Bacevich, 5 -- Boston University international relations professor A. J., retired career officer in the United States Army, former director of Boston University's Center for International Relations (from 1998 to 2005), The New American Militarism: How Americans Are Seduced by War, 2005 accessed 9-4-13, mss
Today as never before in their history Americans are ..of this book is to invite Americans to consider the continued relevance of Madison's warning to our own time and circumstances.

Our alternative is to reject the affs obsession with sovereign power in favor of questioning the sovereign’s ability to dictate the limits of acceptable violence – only a shift from homo sacer to whatever being solves
Caldwell 2004 Anne, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Louisville. Bio-Sovereignty and the Emergence of Humanity Theory and Event 7:2. 48-53 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v007/7.2caldwell.html
Can we imagine another form of humanity, and another … a non-state world, made up of whatever life, appears.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
Obama will circumvent the plan
Lohmann 13 Julia, director of the Harvard Law National Security Research Committee, BA in political science from the University of California, Berkeley, “Distinguishing CIA-Led from Military-Led Targeted Killings,” 1/28, http://www.lawfareblog.com/wiki/the-lawfare-wiki-document-library/targeted-killing/effects-of-particular-tactic-on-issues-related-to-targeted-killings/
The U.S. military—in particular, the … arbitrary and overzealous Executive actions.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
AQAP dead- drones
Hienz, 8-29 – Defense Media Network counterterrorism reporter
Justin, owner of Cogent Writing, LLC, a strategic content company, and he is the executive editor for Security Debrief, a blog on homeland and national security, "Is Al Qaeda in Yemen Becoming More Dangerous? Short answer: nope," Defense Media Network, 8-29-13, www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/is-al-qaeda-in-yemen-becoming-more-dangerous/, accessed 9-18-13, mss
Is Al Qaeda in Yemen Becoming More Dangerous? Short …. Even as Yemen militants plot terror, it is AQAP that should be afraid.

Geographic restrictions doom counter-terror – creates safe havens
Blank, 10 – Emory University School of Law International Humanitarian Law Clinic director
Laurie, "Defining the Battlefield in Contemporary Conflict and Counterterrorism: Understanding the Parameters of the Zone of Combat," Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 39, No. 1, 9-16-10, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1677965, accessed 8-19-13, mss
The ramifications of including areas within the … by enabling them to regroup and continue their attacks.

Safe havens key to global operations
CRT, 6 Country Reports on Terrorism, annual report published by the U.S. Department of State, "Chapter 3 -- Terrorist Safe Havens," 4-28-6, www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2005/, accessed 8-19-13, mss 

Physical safe havens provide security …g terrorist activity and support to enact such laws. 

Self-interest makes allied coop inevitable- Iraq proves
Boot, 4 -- CFR senior fellow Max, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow in National Security Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, "Less Respect, More Success," CFR, 9-6-4, www.cfr.org/terrorism/less-respect-more-success/p7304, accessed 8-18-13, mss
Where Kerry is dead wrong, demonstrably wrong, …, even if it's led by a tough-talking Texan. Or perhaps especially if it's led by a tough-talking Texan.

Turn- appeasement decreases cooperation- Bush proves
Boot, 4 -- CFR senior fellow Max, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow in National Security Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, "Less Respect, More Success," CFR, 9-6-4, www.cfr.org/terrorism/less-respect-more-success/p7304, accessed 8-18-13, mss
There was no question that the United States was … and leave neighboring states to deal with the fallout.

Zero risk of terrorism- their impact is alarmism
Mueller ’12 (John, Senior Research Scientist at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Political Science, both at Ohio State University, and Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute. Mark G. Stewart is Australian Research Council Professorial Fellow and Professor and Director at the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle in Australia, The Terrorism Delusion, International Security, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 81–110, Summer 2012)
Over the course of time, such essentially … particularly in comparison with nuclear ones. 52 

No Russian War
Weitz ‘11 (Richard, senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor, “Global Insights: Putin not a Game-Changer for U.S.-Russia Ties,” http://www.scribd.com/doc/66579517/Global-Insights-Putin-not-a-Game-Changer-for-U-S-Russia-Ties, September 27, 2011)

Fifth, there will inevitably be areas of … whoever is in charge of Russia.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
The executive will redefine the law
Pollack, 13 -- MSU Guggenheim Fellow and professor of history emeritus Norman, "Drones, Israel, and the Eclipse of Democracy," Counterpunch, 2-5-13, www.counterpunch.org/2013/02/05/drones-israel-and-the-eclipse-of-democracy/, accessed 9-1-13, mss
Bisharat first addresses the transmogrification of … much, and not a murmur from an adoring public.

Even if there aren’t loopholes, Obama will ignore the aff
Kumar 13 Anita, White House correspondent for McClatchy Newspapers, former writer for The Washington Post, covering Virginia politics and government, and spent a decade at the St. Petersburg Times, writing about local, state and federal government both in Florida and Washington, “Obama turning to executive power to get what he wants,” 3/19 http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/03/19/186309/obama-turning-to-executive-power.html#.Ue18CdK1FSE
“The expectation is that they all do this,” said … to protect future generations,” he told Congress last month, “I will.”

Plan can’t solve future president rollback
Fournier 13 Ron Fournier is the Editorial Director of National Journal. Prior to joining National Journal, he worked at the Associated Press for 20 years, most recently as Washington Bureau Chief. Starting with a Little Rock posting, covering Bill Clinton's second term as governor, Fournier moved to Washington to report on the Clinton White House. He has won numerous awards for his work, including the Society of Professional Journalists' Sigma Delta Chi Award for coverage of the 2000 elections and a four-time winner of the prestigious White House Correspondents' Association Merriman Smith Memorial Award. His 2012 piece on the decline of U.S. institutions, "In Nothing We Trust," was awarded an honorable mention in David Brook’s essay contest, the Sidney … Buchanan? Don't be blinded by partisanship.

a/t: Obama wants to comply

he’ll flake
Waxman 13 Matthew Waxman is a professor of law at Columbia Law School and an adjunct senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He previously served as principal deputy director of policy planning (2005–7) and acting director of policy planning (2007) at the US Department of State. He also served as deputy assistant secretary of defense for detainee affairs (2004–5), director for contingency planning and international justice at the National Security Council (2002–3), and special assistant to National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice (2001–2). He is a graduate of Yale College and Yale Law School, “Executive-Congressional Relations and National Security,” 1/28 http://www.advancingafreesociety.org/the-briefing/executive-congressional-relations-and-national-security/
On some issues, the administration will … wants from Congress.

a/t: congress = compliance

congress won’t enforce the plan
Vlahos 13, Kelly B, Editor for the American Conservative Magazine, “Beware Lawyers Bearing AUMF Fix,” 4/10, http://original.antiwar.com/vlahos/2013/04/09/beware-lawyers-bearing-aumf-fix/
For those of us who have been dutifully following the mission creep catastrophe we call the GWOT, there are two fire engine red flags flapping in the winds of this AUMF “reform” effort. One, the CGWW recommendation suggests that in order to get on “the list,” a group … are already operating in 75 countries – that we know about — today).

The drone lobby controls Congress – LOL @ oversight
Michaels 13 (Martin, The Human Side of Drones: Congress fails in oversight", http://www.mintpressnews.com/the-human-side-of-drones-congress-fails-in-oversight/158722/)
Standing in the way of proper … to First Street Research. Seventy-seven percent of these donations went to Republicans.

Congress can’t exercise oversight – too incompetent
Druck ‘12 Judah A. Druck, law associate at Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Cornell Law School graduate, magna cum laude graduate from Brandeis University, “Droning On: The War Powers Resolution and the Numbing Effect of Technology-Driven Warfare,” http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/cornell-law-review/upload/Druck-final.pdf
Of course, despite these various suits, Congress has …¶ system of passivity and deferment.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
Drone prolif’s inevitable
Strategic considerations
Williams 13, Carol J, foreign correspondent for the la times, “U.S. drone use could set dangerous example for rogue powers,” February 7th, http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/07/world/la-fg-wn-us-drones-global-precedent-20130206
Drone use was a rare and almost ,… said of drones’ offensive capabilities.

Surveillance drones
Boyle ‘13 Michael J. Boyle, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at La Salle University in Philadelphia. He was previously a Lecturer in International Relations and Research Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence at the University of St. Andrews. He is also an alumnus of the Political Science Department at La Salle, research interests are on terrorism and political violence, with particular reference to the strategic use of violence in insurgencies and civil wars, “The costs and consequences of drone warfare,” International Affairs 89: 1 (2013) 1–29, http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf, 2013
A second consequence of the spread of …a spiral of conflict between them.

No reverse modeling- norms can’t solve
Saunders 13 Paul J. Saunders is executive director of The Center for the National Interest and associate publisher of The National Interest. He served in the State Department from 2003 to 2005, “We Won't Always Drone Alone,” 5-4, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/we-wont-always-drone-alone-8177
A broader and deeper challenge … armed UAVs to attack groups they define as terrorists?

Restrictions won’t be modeled- precedent already set
Jacobson 13 Mark R. Jacobson is a senior transatlantic fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. From 2009 to 2011, he served with NATO’s International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan, “Column: Key Assumptions About Drones Are Based on Misconceptions,” 2-12, http://www.vnews.com/opinion/4393278-95/drones-drone-armed-civilian
Armed drones are neither as simple as … for being the prey, not just the predator.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: DJ Spiker
AQAP dead- no large scale attacks- drones key
Berger and Rowland ’13 (Peter Bergen and Jennifer Rowland, Peter Bergen is CNN's national security analyst, a director at the New America Foundation and the author of "Manhunt: The Ten-Year Search for bin Laden -- From 9/11 to Abbottabad." Jennifer Rowland is a program associate at the New America Foundation, “Al Qaeda in Yemen: On the ropes”, http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/18/opinion/bergen-al-qaeda-yemen/index.html?hpt=op_t1, July 18, 2013)

(CNN) -- On Wednesday, al Qaeda's virulent … cadre of leaders. AQAP, in short, is struggling to survive.

2nc link

Geographic restrictions doom counter-terror- safe havens
Majidyar, 13 -- American Enterprise Institute senior research associate
Ahmad, “We Need Military Authorization Until Al-Qaida Is No Longer a Threat,” June 17th, http://www.usnews.com/debate-club/should-the-authorization-for-use-of-military-force-be-repealed/we-need-military-authorization-until-al-qaida-is-no-longer-a-threat

It is therefore premature and dangerous to repeal or …, the law should not be repealed or replaced.

Causes attacks on the US
Corn, 13 -- South Texas College of Law Presidential Research Professor of Law
Geoffrey, former JAG officer and chief of the law of war branch of the international law division of the US Army, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (Retired), Senate Armed Services Committee Hearing, "The law of armed conflict, the use of military force, and the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force," Congressional Documents and Publications, 6-16-13, l/n, accessed 8-23-13, mss
In my opinion, there is no need to amend … when and where theyhe will be subject to lawful attack.

AUMF revisions crush counter-terror- crushes flexibility, announces our vulnerabilities, and snowballs
Corn, 13 Geoffrey, Professor of Law and Presidential Research Professor, Testimony at the Hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee Subject: "The Law of Armed Conflict, the Use of Military Force, and the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force" May 16th, Federal News Service, Nexis
Because I do not believe there is inconsistency between … terrorist attacks, I do not believe at this point in time it is  necessary to modify the statute. 

2nc terrorism impact defense

Their impact is alarmism – no group has the time, cash, or tech to build a bomb – that’s Mueller 

Multiple barriers
Weak leadership
Zenko and Cohen 12, *Fellow in the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, *Fellow at the Century Foundation, (Micah and Michael, "Clear and Present Safety," March/April, Foreign Affairs, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137279/micah-zenko-and-michael-a-cohen/clear-and-present-safety
 NONE OF this is meant to suggest that the United States … agencies of the United States and its allies.

Lack of expertise
John Mueller and Mark G. Stewart 12, Senior Research Scientist at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Political Science, both at Ohio State University, and Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute AND Australian Research Council Professorial Fellow and Professor and Director at the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle, "The Terrorism Delusion," Summer, International Security, Vol. 37, No. 1, politicalscience.osu.edu/faculty/jmuellerabsisfin.pdf
In 2009, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (… way to bomb a synagogue took a tram going the wrong way and dynamited a mosque instead.15

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Louisville LR | Judge: Will Scott
“Resolved” implies a policy or legislative decision
Jeff Parcher 1, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb, http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html
Pardon me if I turn to a source besides Bill. American Heritage … view. One affirms a resolution. Affirmative and negative are the equivalents of and#39;yesand#39; or and#39;noand#39; - which, of course, are answers to a question.   

“United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means
Ericson ’03 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, … reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

“Federal Government” means the central government in Washington D.C.
Encarta ‘2K  (Online Encyclopedia, http://encarta.msn.com)
“The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC” 

Debate over a clear and specific controversial point of government action creates argumentative stasis – that’s a prerequisite to the negative’s ability to engage in the conversation — that’s critical to deliberation
Steinberg 8, lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, ‘8
(David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 45)
Debate is a means of settling differences, so … which will be outlined in the following discussion.

The judge is a citizen working to boost black liberation - Debate is a question of skills not content – saying the world is dominated by whiteness is an inherency claim that voting aff can’t resolve – endorsing our political method teaches the tools that have a much better chance of dismantling those power structures
Paroske 11 -  Assistant professor of communication, Department of Communication and Visual Arts, University of Michigan ( Argumentation and Federal Rulemaking. Controversia; Fall2011, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p34-53, 20p ebsco)shaw
The process of democratic governance … branches, rulemakers must pay careful attention to process.

The second impact is government knowledge – debate’s key to in-depth governmental knowledge
Zwarensteyn 12, Ellen, Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Masters of Science, “High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning,” August, http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034andcontext=theses
The first trend to emerge concerns how … outlets of news media as superficial outlets for information.

Failure to engage the state means the aff fails, coalitions break down, and hawks seize the political – only engagement solves
Mouffe 2009 (Chantal Mouffe is Professor of Political Theory at the Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, “The Importance of Engaging the State”, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh, pp. 233-7)
In both Hardt and Negri, and Virno, … is how we should conceive the nature of radical politics. 

Yes the government has flawed components but challenging our understanding of government is important and valuable through discussion of federal policies-~-- Learning that language allows us to confront and challenge those institutions outside of this round
Hoppe 99 Robert Hoppe is Professor of Policy and knowledge in the Faculty of Management and Governance at Twente University, the Netherlands. and#34;Argumentative Turnand#34; Science and Public Policy, volume 26, number 3, June 1999, pages 201–210 works.bepress.com
ACCORDING TO LASSWELL (1971), policy science is … audience of an ideologically disoriented and politically disenchanted citizenry.

Emancipatory politics must be methodical, incremental, and committed to process.  Failure to do so in favor of a radical politics destroys value to life and risks extinction
Dietz 94
(Mary G. Dietz, Professor of Political Science and Gender Studies Program at Northwestern University, “’THE SLOW BORING OF HARD BOARDS’: METHODICAL THINKING AND THE WORK OF POLITICS”, American Political Science Review, Vol. 88, No. 4 December 1994, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2082713.pdf)
We do disservice to these moments of .. must think methodically about what is to be done. 

Our method is empirically successful and spills over
Horowitz 10, Michael, assistant professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania, “Debating Debate Club,” Entry 5, August 20th, http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/the_book_club/features/2010/debating_debate_club/can_debate_save_the_world_or_does_it_just_help_you_get_into_a_better_college.html
As for your point about policy debate being hermetically … these benefits shouldnand#39;t be restricted to those who are already in positions of privilege.