Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: MSU FF | Judge: Bruce Najor
Wartime means Obama will ignore the decision.  Noncompliance undermines the Court’s legitimacy and makes the plan worthless
Pushaw 4—Professor of law @ Pepperdine University Robert J. Pushaw, Jr., “Defending Deference: A Response to Professors Epstein and Wells,” Missouri Law Review, Vol. 69, 2004

Civil libertarians have urged the Court to exercise the same sort of judicial review over
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instead would force him to shoulder full responsibility. Pg. 968-970
Fight with President devastates court legitimacy. Two centuries of judicial decisions prove they can’t solve without his support    
Devins and Fisher 98—Professor of Law and Government @ College of William and Mary and Senior Specialist in Separation of Powers @ Congressional Research Service  Neal Devins and Louis Fisher, “Judicial Exclusivity and Political Instability,” Virginia Law Review Vol. 84, No. 1 (Feb. 1998), pp. 83-106

Lacking the power to appropriate funds or command the military, 73 the Court understands
AND
and#34;political system ostensibly based on consent.and#34;98 pg. 93-98
Weakening the court prevents sustainable development
Stein 5—Former Judge of the New South Wales Court of Appeal and the New South Wales Land and Environment Court Justice Paul Stein (International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Specialist Group on the Judiciary), “Why judges are essential to the rule of law and environmental protection,” Judges and the Rule of Law: Creating the Links: Environment, Human Rights and Poverty, IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 60, Edited by Thomas Greiber, 2006

The Johannesburg Principles state:¶ “We emphasize that the fragile state of the global
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is, we must not shirk our duty. Pg. 53-54
Extinction of all complex life
Barry 13—Political ecologist with expert proficiencies in old forest protection, climate change, and environmental sustainability policy  Dr. Glen Barry (Ph.D. in and#34;Land Resourcesand#34; and Masters of Science in and#34;Conservation Biology and Sustainable Development” from the University of Wisconsin-Madison), “ECOLOGY SCIENCE: Terrestrial Ecosystem Loss and Biosphere Collapse,” Forests.org, February 4, 2013, pg. http://forests.org/blog/2013/02/ecology-science-terrestrial-ec.asp

Blunt, Biocentric Discussion on Avoiding Global Ecosystem Collapse and Achieving Global Ecological Sustainability
Science needs to do a better job of considering worst-case scenarios regarding continental
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across scales when enough life is lost beyond thresholds, living systems die.

Article III trials will encourage Congress to pass a Comstock statute for terrorist. They will remain indefinitely detained
Wedel 11—JD Candidate @ Stanford Law School Collin P. Wedel (Prospective Law Clerk to the Honorable Ruggero J. Aldisert, United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit), “War Courts: Terrorand#39;s Distorting Effects on Federal Courts,” Legislation and Policy Brief, Volume 3 1 Issue 1, 1-6-2011

Article III trials, therefore, seem to offer the greatest protection against arbitrary and
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A statute codifying that notion would alter terrorism prosecutions radically. Pg. 24

Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown KU | Judge: DJ Spiker
The United States federal judiciary should restrict the war power authority of President of the United States to indefinitely detain on the grounds that executive indefinite detention violates the Suspension Clause.
Key to solvency
Garrett 12 (Brandon, Roy L. and Rosamund Woodruff Morgan Professor of Law, University of Virginia School of Law. HABEAS CORPUS AND DUE PROCESSCORNELL LAW REVIEW Vol. 98:47 page lexis)

The Suspension Clause casts a broad shadow over the regulation of all forms of detention
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an effort to steer clear of Suspension Clause problems, with mixed results.

Tournament: Vandy | Round: 1 | Opponent: GeorgiaEmory ss | Judge: Montee
Iran strategy working—Congressional rebuke to command in chief flexibility spoils negotiations—results in Iran strikes and prolif
Joel Rubin, Politico, 10/20/13, Iran’s diplomatic thaw with the West, dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=FBFABC3B-C9A8-47F8-A9AC-BC886BCE0552

Congratulations, Congress. ….. American war in the Middle East.
Iran proliferation causes nuclear war
Edelman, distinguished fellow – Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, ‘11
(Eric S, “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran,” Foreign Affairs, January/February)

The reports of the Congressional Commission on the …., potentially triggering a regional nuclear war.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown KU | Judge: DJ Spiker
The aff sanitizes imperial violence by masking imperial violence describing the non-Western world as devoid of rule of law– that threat construction encourages unending intervention
Ugo Mattei 9, Professor at Hastings College of the Law and University of Turin; and Marco de Morpurgo,  M.Sc. Candidate, International University College of Turin, LL.M. Candidate, Harvard Law School, 2009, “GLOBAL LAW and PLUNDER: THE DARK SIDE OF THE RULE OF LAW,” online: http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014andcontext=bocconi_legal_papers
Within this framework, Western law has constantly enjoyed a dominant position during the past
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economy, and economy governs the law rather than being governed by it. 

That causes endless warefare
Bacevich, 5 -- Boston University international relations professor
A. J., retired career officer in the United States Army, former director of Boston University's Center for International Relations (from 1998 to 2005), The New American Militarism: How Americans Are Seduced by War, 2005 accessed 9-4-13, mss

Today as never before in their history Americans are enthralled with military power. The
AND
consider the continued relevance of Madison's warning to our own time and circumstances.
The Alternative is to imagine Whatever Being--Any point of rejection of the sovereign state creates a non-state world made up of whatever life – that involves imagining a political body that is outside the sphere of sovereignty in that it defies traditional attempts to maintain a social identity
Caldwell 04 – Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Louisville
(Anne, “Bio-Sovereignty and the Emergence of Humanity,” Theory and Event, Volume 7, Issue 2, Project Muse)
Can we imagine another form of humanity, and another form of power? The
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a non-state world, made up of whatever life, appears.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown KU | Judge: DJ Spiker
Exec flexibility on detention powers now
Michael Tomatz 13, Colonel, B.A., University of Houston,  J
AND
ON ENEMY DETENTION,” 69 A.F. L. Rev. 1
President Obama signed the NDAA "despite having serious reservations with certain provisions that regulate
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about known and hidden dangers, and preventing terrorists from continuing the fight.

Reforms result in catastrophic terrorism---releases them and kills intel gathering
Jack Goldsmith 09, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, 2/4/09, “Long-Term Terrorist Detention and Our National Security Court,” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2009/2/0920detention20goldsmith/0209_detention_goldsmith.pdf
These three concerns challenge the detention paradigm. They do nothing to eliminate the need
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in the past; having government authorities that reflect that change makes sense. 

Terrorism causes extinction- retaliation
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, July. “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 33, Issue 7. InformaWorld.)

But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
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pressure on them, what conclusions might it then draw about their culpability.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: Finals | Opponent: Georgetown BL | Judge: Bravero, Hall, layton
AUMF strong now- Congress supports a broad interpretation
Brooks, 13 -- Georgetown University law professor
Rosa, New America Foundation Schwartz senior fellow, served as a counselor to the U.S. defense undersecretary for policy from 2009 to 2011 and previously served as a senior advisor at the U.S. State Department, "Mission Creep in the War on Terror," Foreign Policy, 3-14-13, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/03/14/mission_creep_in_the_war_on_terror, accessed 8-24-13, mss

"When you're not near the girl you love, love the girl you're near
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in the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act, which used virtually identical language.
Executive drone strike authority is authorized by AUMF
Crowley, 12 -- TIME Washington bureau chief and senior correspondent
Michael, previously covered foreign policy for The New Republic, "Revisiting a Key Legal Basis for Obama’s Anti-Terrorism Drone Strikes," 6-12-12, swampland.time.com/2012/06/12/revisiting-a-key-legal-basis-for-obamas-anti-terror-drone-strikes/, accessed 9-23-13, mss

Revisiting a Key Legal Basis for Obama’s Anti-Terrorism Drone Strikes
After I wrote a short piece for last week’s magazine that, among other things
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that restricts the use of military force against al-Qaeda to Afghanistan.
Decreasing AUMF authorizations snowballs- causes judicial rollback of the AUMF
Barnes, 12 -- J.D. Candidate, Boston University School of Law
Beau, “Reauthorizing the ‘War on Terror’: The Legal and Policy Implications of the AUMF’s Coming Obsolescence,” Military Law Review, Vol 211, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2150874, accessed 8-21-13, mss

The scope of the AUMF is also important for any future judicial opinion that might
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its precise scope, authorization, and continuing vitality matter a great deal.
That shifts US doctrine to international self-defense- expanded jus ad bellum collapses global firebreak on use-of-force
Barnes, 12 -- J.D. Candidate, Boston University School of Law
Beau, “Reauthorizing the ‘War on Terror’: The Legal and Policy Implications of the AUMF’s Coming Obsolescence,” Military Law Review, Vol 211, 2012, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2150874, accessed 9-19-13, mss

In a world without a valid AUMF, the United States could base its continued
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to kill people anywhere, anytime, the result would be chaos.”148
Causes global hotspots to go nuclear
Obayemi, 6 -- East Bay Law School professor
Olumide, admitted to the Bars of Federal Republic of Nigeria and the State of California, Golden Gate University School of Law, "Article: Legal Standards Governing Pre-Emptive Strikes and Forcible Measures of Anticipatory Self-Defense Under the U.N. Charter and General International Law," 12 Ann. Surv. Int'l and Comp. L. 19, l/n, accessed 9-19-13, mss

The United States must abide by the rigorous standards set out above that are meant
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. This is the essence of the preamble to the United Nations Charter.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: Finals | Opponent: Georgetown BL | Judge: Bravero, Hall, layton
The President of the United States should issue an executive order transferring lead executive authority for non-battlefield targeted killing from the Central Intelligence Agency to the Joint Special Operations Command.

Transferring authority boosts transparency and intel without restricting strikes – solves the aff
Zenko 13¸ Micah, Douglas Dillon fellow with the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Clip the Agency's Wings: Why Obama needs to take the drones away from the CIA,” April 16th, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/04/16/clip_the_agencys_wings_cia_drones?utm_source=feedly
Last month, Daniel Klaidman reported that three senior officials had told him that President
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percent, an open checkbook for Langley is not sustainable or strategically wise.

Tournament: Vandy | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia BF | Judge: Kelly
Heg cause prolif – multipolarity will solve it
Weber et al 07  Professor of Political Science and Director of the Institute for International Studies at the University of California-Berkeley (Steven with Naazneen Barma, Matthew Kroenig, and Ely Ratner, Ph.D. Candidates at the University of California-Berkeley and Research Fellows at its New Era Foreign Policy Center, “How Globalization Went Bad,” Foreign Policy, Issue 158, January/February,)
Axiom 3 is a story about the …... When push comes to shove, nonproliferation today is almost entirely America's burden.

Extinction
Asal and Beardsley 09 (Victor, Department of Political Science, State University of New York, Albany, and Kyle, Department of Political Science, Emory University, Winning with the Bomb, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/uploads/Beardsley-Asal_Winning_with_the_Bomb.pdf)
Conclusion Why do states proliferate? Nuclear weapons …. for peace and stability.

Heg can’t solve war or influence outcomes-globalization and legitimacy syndrome
Ikenberry et al. 9 *G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Michael Mastanduno is the associate professor of government at Dartmouth, William C. Wohlforth is Assistant Professor of International Relations in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/summary/v061/61.1.ikenberry.html, “Introduction: Unipolarity, State Behavior, and Systemic Consequences, PDF, January 2009
It has long been an axiom of …. the preponderant capabilities of the United States.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: MSU FF | Judge: Bruce Najor
The President of the United States should request his Counsel and the Office of Legal Counsel for coordination over his war powers authority. The President should plan
CP is competitive and solves the case ---- Coordination with OLC can ensure executive action

BORRELLI et al 2000 - Professor of Government Chair of the Government and International Relations Department, Connecticut College (Maryanne Borrelli, Karen Hult, Nancy Kassop, “The White House Counsel’s Office”, http://whitehousetransitionproject.org/files/counsel/Counsel-OD.PDF)

¶ The White House Counsel’s Office is at the hub of all presidential activity.
AND
a course of presidential action. Lloyd Cutler described how this process works:

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: Semis | Opponent: Northwestern HS | Judge: Cohn, Kallmyer, Bravero
Obama’s pressuring the GOP with a strong display of Presidential strength and staying on message – the GOP will blink
Dovere, 10/1/13 (Edward, Politico, “Government shutdown: President Obama holds the line”
http://www.politico.com/story/2013/10/government-shutdown-president-obama-holds-the-line-97646.html?hp=f3)
President Barack Obama started September in an agonizing, extended display of how little sway
AND
“They don’t suddenly start going the other way as people rethink this.”

Detention policies are massively controversial – bipartisan opposition and it gets wrapped into larger debates about national security
Kliegman 8/2/13 (Julie, Writer for Polifacts, "New Developmments But Congressional Opposition Remains" PoliFacts)
A genuine ‘closure' of Guantanamo would have to accept the possibility of letting someone
AND
al-Qaida and when the war on terror should be declared over.¶ 

That takes Obama off-message – it undermines his constant pressure on the GOP
Milbank, 9/27/13 – Washington Post Opinion Writer (Dana, “Obama should pivot to Dubya’s playbook” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/dana-milbank-obama-should-try-pivoting-to-george-bushs-playbook/2013/09/27/c72469f0-278a-11e3-ad0d-b7c8d2a594b9_story.html)
If President Obama can stick to his guns, he will win his October standoff
AND
If he retreats, he will embolden his opponents and demoralize his supporters.

Collapses the economy
Adam Davidson 9/10/13, economy columnist for The New York Times, co-founder of Planet Money, NPR’s team of economics reporters, “Our Debt to Society,” NYT, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall, some serious financial decisions will
AND
free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.

Decline goes nuclear
Green and Schrage ‘9 (Michael J Green is Senior Advisor and Japan Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and Associate Professor at Georgetown University. Steven P Schrage is the CSIS Scholl Chair in International Business and a former senior official with the US Trade Representative's Office, State Department and Ways and Means Committee, Asia Times, 2009 http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Asian_Economy/KC26Dk01.html)
Facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, analysts at the World Bank
AND
a tempting precedent for other countries to put up barriers to close markets.

Tournament: Vandy | Round: 6 | Opponent: Emory DK | Judge: Layton
US winning the war on terror- no WMD attacks
Oswald 5/30, Rachel Oswald, staff editor for the National Journal and the Global Security Newswire, “Despite WMD fears, terrorists are focused on conventional attacks,” May 30, 2013, http://www.nationaljournal.com/nationalsecurity/despite-wmd-fears-terrorists-are-focused-on-conventional-attacks-20130417?page=1andutm_source=feedly

WASHINGTON – The United States …. than al-Qaida sympathizers,” they said.

Geographic restrictions reverse this- create safe heavens that make attacks inevitable
Blank, 10 – Emory University School of Law International Humanitarian Law Clinic director
Laurie, "Defining the Battlefield in Contemporary Conflict and Counterterrorism: Understanding the Parameters of the Zone of Combat," Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 39, No. 1, 9-16-10, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1677965, accessed 8-19-13, mss

The ramifications of including …. grant terrorists a safe haven and extend the conflict by enabling them to regroup and continue their attacks.

Terrorism causes extinction- retaliation
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, July. “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 33, Issue 7. InformaWorld.)

But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear ……, what conclusions might it then draw about their culpability.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Louisville BP | Judge: Joe Koehle
In order to promote this equitable discussion within debates, affirmative teams must defend an advocacy in that defends topical actions- 

First is definitional support
The word “resolved” before the colon means the plan must be enacted in a legislative forum, that’s a quote from the  Army Officer School 04.
 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)

The colon introduces the following: a.  A list, but only after "
AND
"resolved:"Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor

Should indicates obligation or duty
Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 8 (“should”, 2008, http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/should?view=uk)
Should
And
modal verb (3rd sing. should) 1 used to indicate obligation, duty, or correctness. 2 used to indicate what is probable. 3 formal expressing the conditional mood. 4 used in a clause with ‘that’ after a main clause describing feelings. 5 used in a clause with ‘that’ expressing purpose. 6 (in the first person) expressing a polite request or acceptance. 7 (in the first person) expressing a conjecture or hope.
USAGE Strictly speaking should is used with I and we, as in I should
AND
, through the use of the contracted forms I’d, we’d, etc.

War Powers are the “Power to wage war successfully”
SCOTUS 1948 (LICHTER ET AL., DOING BUSINESS AS SOUTHERN FIREPROOFING CO., v
AND
below, pp. 746-753. Affirmed, p. 793.

The war powers of congress and the president are only those which are to be
AND
be read with the realistic purposes of the entire instrument fully in mind.

Restrictions Limit

Supreme Court of Delaware 83 (THE MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF NEW CASTLE, a municipal corporation of the State of Delaware, Plaintiff Below, Appellant, v. ROLLINS OUTDOOR ADVERTISING, INC., Defendant Below, Appellee, No. 155, 1983, 475 A.2d 355; 1984 Del. LEXIS 324, November 21, 1983, Submitted, April 2, 1984, Decided)

The term "restrict" is defined as: To restrain within bounds; to
AND
upon reasonable notice, to prohibit some of those uses already in existence.

Third is our offense
Simualted national security law debates inculcate agency and decision-making skills—that enables activism and avoids cooption  
Laura K. Donohue, Associate Professor of Law, Georgetown Law, 4/11/13, National Security Law Pedagogy and the Role of Simulations, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/National-Security-Law-Pedagogy-and-the-Role-of-Simulations.pdf

The concept of simulations as an aspect of higher education, or in the law
AND
undoubtedly necessary, it suggests one potential direction for the years to come.

Debate over a controversial point of action creates argumentative stasis—that’s key to avoid a devolution of debate into competing truth claims, which destroys the decision-making benefits of the activity
Steinberg and Freeley ‘13
David Director of Debate at U Miami, Former President of CEDA, officer, American Forensic Association and National Communication Association. Lecturer in Communication studies and rhetoric. Advisor to Miami Urban Debate League, Masters in Communication, and Austin, JD, Suffolk University, attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, Argumentation and Debate
Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, Thirteen Edition

Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a controversy,
AND
particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Failure to engage the state means the aff fails, coalitions break down, and hawks seize the political – only engagement solves
Mouffe 2009 (Chantal Mouffe is Professor of Political Theory at the Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, “The Importance of Engaging the State”, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh, pp. 233-7)
In both Hardt and Negri, and Virno, there is therefore emphasis upon ‘
AND
my view, is how we should conceive the nature of radical politics. 

Policy debate is good for education, the development of empathy, and producing real world engagement from participants.  Clear rules, a stable topic, and institutional role playing and simulation are integral to the process.  The things you criticize about debate make it a unique exercise in active learning.
Lantis 8 (Jeffrey S. Lantis is Professor in the Department of Political Science and Chair of the
International Relations Program at The College of Wooster, “The State of the Active Teaching and Learning Literature”, http://www.isacompss.com/info/samples/thestateoftheactiveteachingandlearningliterature_sample.pdf)
Simulations, games, and role-play represent a third important set of active
AND
topic, the development of empathy, and acquisition and retention of  knowledge.

Switching sides allows for a dialogical change in perspectives that resolve the affs impacts and foster sympathy
Bohlin 8 - Dr. Phil. in theoretical philosophy (Stockholm University, 1997) ¶ Senior lecturer (docent) in philosophy, lecturer in history of ideas ¶ Member of the faculty board, chair of the faculty committee for teacher education and educational research (Henrik Bohlin Perspective-dependence and Critical Thinking EBSCO)shaw

Suppose that we are trying to understand and morally assess the customs of a people  
AND
and fundamental moral principles and factual beliefs on the other is not sharp.)

Rules and process key
Paroske 11 -  Assistant professor of communication, Department of Communication and Visual Arts, University of Michigan ( Argumentation and Federal Rulemaking. Controversia; Fall2011, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p34-53, 20p ebsco)shaw

The process of democratic governance is more than a means to an end. Often
AND
watch of the constitutional branches, rulemakers must pay careful attention to process.

Only we access offense---arguments like framework don’t injure people, but policies do
The idea that a particular style of argument causes personal injury results in censorship
Amanda Anderson 6, Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Humanities and English at Brown University, Spring 2006, “Reply to My Critic(s),” Criticism, Vol. 48, No. 2, p. 281-290 

Probyns piece is a mixture of affective fallacy, argument by authority, and bald
AND
and public debate has a vital role to play in such a task.

Critical Theory destroys the ability to engage in productive debates and political solutions.  It is wishful thinking that produces only “me-search” and not “research”.
Chandler 2009 (David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, “Questioning Global Political Activism”, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh,  pp. 81-2)
Today more and more people are ‘doing politics’ in their academic work. This
AND
peers and colleagues at the level of political or intellectual debate and organisation.