Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
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Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA

Our interpretation is that the aff must defend an increase in statutory and/or judicial restrictions on the war powers authority of the President.

"Resolved" is legislative

Jeff Parcher 1, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb 2001 http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html
Pardon me if I turn to a source besides Bill. American Heritage Dictionary:
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or 'no' - which, of course, are answers to a question.   

The USFG is in federal government in Washington

Encarta 00 (Encarta Online Encyclopedia http://encarta.msn.com )
"The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC" 

Restriction on war power authority must be statutory or judicial.

Fisher, 97 – (Louis, Senior Specialist in Separation of Powers, Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, "Presidential Independence and the Power of the Purse," U.C. Davis J. Int'l L. 26 Pol'y 107, Lexis)
A legal analysis by Walter Dellinger, at that time Assistant Attorney General for the
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the President both the authority and the means to take such initiatives." n131

First is Limits – resolutional limits encourage aff innovation, predictive research on a designated topic, and clash—a precursor to productive education. The inherent value of arguments within limits is greater, which link turns education arguments

Second is Fair ground – the resolution is the only neutral site of stasis for controversy – changing this allows them to define the debate in ways that make it impossible for us to compete and really easy for them to win

Third is decision-making – only maintaining a limited topic of discussion and a clear stasis for both teams provides the necessary and requisite foundation for decision-making and advocacy skills – even if they are contestable, that is different from being valuably debatable

Steinberg 26 Freeley '8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-
Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
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particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Effective decision-making is the lynchpin to solve all social and political problems —- this is an impact to limits, role-playing and decision-making that turns case

Lundberg '10 – (Christian Lundberg, Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Tradition of Debate in North Carolina" in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311)
The second major problem with the critique that identifies a naivety in articulating debate and
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with the existential challenges to democracy ~in an~ increasingly complex world.

Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA

TPA will pass – Reid opposition is just posturing

CNN, 2-1-'14 (Jason Seher, "Kerry, Hagel rebuke Reid on fast-track trade bill" http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2014/02/01/kerry-hagel-rebuke-reid-on-fast-track-track-bill/)
In a rare joint appearance at the Munich Security Conference, Secretary of State John
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each other - culturally, trade, commerce, exchanges," Hagel said.

Plan tanks capital and derails the agenda – empirics prove

Kriner '10 Douglas L. Kriner, assistant professor of political science at Boston University, "After the Rubicon: Congress, Presidents, and the Politics of Waging War", University of Chicago Press, Dec 1, 2010, page 68-69
While congressional support leaves the president's reserve of political capital intact, congressional criticism saps
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to its costs than if Congress stood behind him in the international arena.

PC key to momentum

Parnes 1/21
Amie Parnes The Hill "Obama: Give me fast track trade" 01/21 http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/195858-white-house-works-to-convince-dems-to-give-obama-fast-track-on-trade
The White House is making a major push to convince Congress to give the president
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House officials are "devoted" to working with members on the issue. 

TPA is critical to US economic growth and restoring America's free trade credibility

Riley and Kim 4/16
Bryan Riley is Jay Van Andel Senior Analyst in Trade Policy and Anthony B. Kim is a Senior Policy Analyst in the Center for International Trade and Economics at The Heritage Foundation.
www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/04/advancing-trade-freedom-key-objective-of-trade-promotion-authority-renewal
Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) has been a critical tool for advancing free trade
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fosters open markets, democracy, and peace throughout the world.~3~
Nuclear war
Burrows and Harris 9 Mathew J. Burrows counselor in the National Intelligence Council and Jennifer Harris a member of the NIC's Long Range Analysis Unit "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" The Washington Quarterly 32:2 https://csis.org/files/publication/twq09aprilburrowsharris.pdf

Increased Potential for Global Conflict¶ Of course, the report encompasses more than economics
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and between states in a more¶ dog-eat-dog world.¶

Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA

The Executive Branch of the United States should issue a national security waiver to order the release of individuals in military detention who have won their habeas corpus hearing.

Obama can use a national security waiver to release detainees and also expedite the periodic review board to get detainees trials

Pickler, 13 – (Nedra, Gitmo Closure Elusive, Obama Looks at Other Steps," http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2013/05/02/gitmo_closure_elusive_obama_looks_at_other_steps_118219.html~~23ixzz2gAUumOjj-http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2013/05/02/gitmo_closure_elusive_obama_looks_at_other_steps_118219.html) 

Eight-six prisoners at Guantanamo have been cleared for transfer to other countries.
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, Ambassador Daniel Fried, was reassigned earlier this year and not replaced.

Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA

Text: The Executive Branch of the United States should require authorization from Congress prior to initiating military use of force unless to repel attacks on the United States.

The CP solves the case by providing a credible signal

Vermule and Posner, 7 – (Eric, The University of Chicago Law School Professor, Adrian, Harvard Law School Professor of Law, 200, The Credible Executive, 74 U. Chi. L. Rev. 865)

We suggest that the executive's credibility problem can be solved by second-order mechanisms
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as a breach of faith even if no other institution ever enforces it

Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA

Confining executive accountability to external branches overlooks decades of executive prerogative.

Osborn 8 - prof of political theory at Whitman (Timothy V-http://search.proquest.com.libproxy.usc.edu/indexinglinkhandler/sng/au/Kaufman-Osborn,+Timothy+V/24N?accountid=14749 Kaufman-Osborn, prof of Political Theory at Whitman University, Ph.D., Princeton University, Politics, "We are all torturers now": Accountability After Abu Ghraib, Theory 26 Event11.2 (2008)) BN
As the preceding discussion indicates, when the question of accountability for Abu Ghraib in
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only passing resemblance to the liberal political order imagined by social contract theory.

Security renders lawfare a tool of violent biopolitical governance - the result is endless violence

Morrissey 11 John, Lecturer in Political and Cultural Geography, National University of Ireland, Galway; has held visiting research fellowships at University College Cork, City University of New York, Virginia Tech and the University of Cambridge. Liberal Lawfare and Biopolitics: US Juridical Warfare in the War on Terror, Geopolitics, Volume 16, Issue 2, 2011
Security, not liberty: the 'permanent emergency' of the security society
The US military's evident disdain for international law, indifference to the pain of '
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global biopolitical 'nomos' that has unprecedented power to except bare life.114
In the 'biopolitical nomos' of camps and prisons in the Middle East and elsewhere
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legally sanctioned military violence and to maximize its 'operational capacities of securitization'.
A bigger question, of course, is what the US military practices of lawfare
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who "participate~s~ in discussions of strategy and tactics".118
The US military's liberal lawfare reveals how the rule of law is simply another securitization
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necessitated by the perennial political economic 'need' to securitize volatility and threat.
Conclusion: enabling biopolitical power in the age of securitization  
"Law and force flow into one another. We make war in the shadow of law, and law in the shadow of force" – David Kennedy, Of War and Law 124  
Can a focus on lawfare and biopolitics help us to critique our contemporary moment's proliferation
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even sometimes embracing it – as a tactic of statecraft and war".128
Since the inception of the war on terror, the US military has waged incessant
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'make live' and the anticipating and management of life's uncertain 'future'.
Some of the most key contributions across the social sciences and humanities in recent years
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toxic combination' of US geopolitics and biopolitics defining the current age of securitization. 

Liberal institutionalism is an imperial ideology disguised by the language of science.  Liberal institutionalism requires the elimination of non-liberal forms of life to achieve national security

Smith 12 - prof of Poli Sci at Tufts (Tony, Conceptual Politics of Democracy Promotion eds. Hobson and Kurki p. 206-210)
Writing in 1952, Reinhold Niebuhr expressed this point in what remains arguably the single
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for the sake of a democratising crusade was much more likely to succeed. 

Our alternative - challenge to conceptual framework of national security.  Only our alternative displaces the source of executive overreach. Legal restraint without conceptual change is futile.

Rana 11 - Law at Cornell (Aziz Rana, "Who Decides on Security?" Cornell Law Faculty Working Papers, Paper 87, http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clsops_papers/87_
The prevalence of these continuities between Frankfurter's vision and contemporary judicial arguments raise serious concerns
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, we can expect our prevailing security arrangements to become ever more entrenched.

Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA

There is an intrinsic antagonism in debate –on one side, debate is always shaped by strategy, winning, and debate theory. The other side is the desire to influence a larger public. The aff's desire to change the debate community is always shaped by the norms of debate. Your aff will never be receptive to the larger public. We should view outside of the academy as more important than our debate spaces

Welsh 12 Scott Department of Communication Appalachian State University ("Coming to Terms with the Antagonism between Rhetorical Reflection and Political Agency", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2012, Jstor)
Giroux's concluding words, in which scholars reclaim the promises of a truly global democratic
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outside the academy that there can be immediate, material, political consequences.

Using debate for political purposes tradeoffs with producing tools useful for the public.

Welsh 12 Scott Department of Communication Appalachian State University ("Coming to Terms with the Antagonism between Rhetorical Reflection and Political Agency", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2012, Jstor)
What does it mean to say rhetoric scholarship should be relevant to democratic practice?
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no less of an impediment to the production of democratically consequential rhetoric scholarship.

Reject the affirmative because of their use of debate as a conception of political agency. We should keep competing elements of the antagonism in view to understand the limits of debate as political agency in itself.

Welsh 12 Scott Department of Communication Appalachian State University ("Coming to Terms with the Antagonism between Rhetorical Reflection and Political Agency", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2012, Jstor)
In light of Žižek's account of antagonism, one should not be surprised, however
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of what Žižek calls supplemental ideological fantasies or ready explanations for the gap. 

Our goal as rhetorical scholars should be the exploration and production of inventional resources suitable for the larger public, otherwise we get lost in TOO-EASY ASSURANCES that what we are doing here – in the debate space – is necessary and sufficient

Welsh 12 Scott Department of Communication Appalachian State University ("Coming to Terms with the Antagonism between Rhetorical Reflection and Political Agency", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2012, Jstor)
The challenge is to resist synthetically resolving these antagonisms, whether in confirming or disconfirming
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of practical wisdom in democratic publics without absolving scholars of responsibility to them.