Tournament: tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Weber State Olsen-Veeder | Judge: Dunn
Not all politics turn to Nazism—modern power structures are incredibly diverse.
Rabinow and Rose 03 (Paul, Professor of Anthropology at UC Berkeley, Nikolas, Professor of Sociology @ the London School of Economics, “Thoughts On The Concept of Biopower Today,” December 10, 2003, http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/sociology/ pdf/RabinowandRose-BiopowerToday03.pdf, accessed July 07, pg. 8-9)
The interpretation…attempt to master it.

All biopower is not violent—democratic biopower aims for betterment of all people and encourages individuality
Dickinson 04 (Edward, Biopolitics, Facism, Democracy, Central European History v37 n1, Ass. Prof. Hist. at University of Cincinnati)
 Why was … of the Nazi racial state. 

Micropolitical and discursive resistances actively deny political engagement, resulting in inaction
Boggs 1997 (CARL BOGGS – Professor and Ph.D. Political Science, National University, Los Angeles -- Theory and Society 26: 741-780)
If the urban r…of corporate domination. 

Critiques of the state withdraw from politics – their broad nature robs any transformative or radical potential
Boggs 1997 (CARL BOGGS – Professor and Ph.D. Political Science, National University, Los Angeles -- Theory and Society 26: 741-780)
After California anti-tax crusaders …corporate capitalism.

A politics of symbolism prevents collective action-this removes constraints on state power and fails to initiate material change
David  Chandler in 2k7 Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, Area Vol 39 Issue 1, The possibilities of post-territorial political community
This disjunction betwee…is immediately apparent. 

Antipolitical sentiments create a disengagement with practical solutions which leaves numerous existing problems unanswered and allows an elite takeover which would culminate in violence and authoritarianism
Boggs 1997 (CARL BOGGS – Professor and Ph.D. Political Science, National University, Los Angeles -- Theory and Society 26: 741-780)
The false sense …from civil society.75

Tournament: tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Gonzaga Gaither-Spraker | Judge: Symonds
Deference now – Detention cases haven’t derailed the doctrine
(Entin 12) Jonathan L. Entin, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs (School of Law), David L. Brennan Professor of Law, and Professor of Political Science, Case Western Reserve University., “WAR POWERS, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, AND THE COURTS: SOME INSTITUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS” CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW - VOL. 45 2012, http://heinonline.org.proxy.library.umkc.edu/HOL/Page?collection=journalsandhandle=hein.journals/cwrint45andtype=Textandid=451

Although these procedural …. review either case.109

AND, Plan destroys deference in a crucial area – the war on terror demands deference  
(Luban 08) DAVID LUBAN, University Professor and Professor of Law and Philosophy, Georgetown University, “ON THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF POWER” SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LAW REVIEW Vol. 81:477 2008 http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1597andcontext=facpub

These are arguments about ….not ¶ our competence.”17¶ 

AND, That destroys perception of an effective hegemonic signals – Courts will put US power projection into a straitjacket
(Nzelibe and Yoo 05) Jide Nzelibe, Assistant Professor of Law, Northwestern University Law School. And John Yoo, Professor of Law, University of California at Berkeley School of Law, Rational War and Constitutional Design , 115 Yale L.J. 2512 (2005).

Faced with the prospect…is wrong or not.72

AND, the impact is global war – US power projection is critical to prevent escalatory conflicts
(Khalilzad 11)
Zalmay Khalilzad (Counselor at CSIS and President and CEO of Khalilzad Associates, an international advisory firm.  Under President George W. Bush, Khalilzad served as US Ambassador to Iraq, Afghanistan, and the United Nations. Former Professor of Political Science at Columbia University. Hegemonic Badass.), National Review, February 8, 2011, “The Economy and National Security”, accessed February 8, 2011, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad

The stakes are high. ….. in their regions.

Tournament: tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Weber State Olsen-Veeder | Judge: Dunn
A. Interpretation: the aff can only defend advantages based on the consequences of hypothetical enactment of their plan by the USFG. They should win if the topical plan is the best policy option presented. The neg should win if the plan is worse than the status quo or an alternative competitive with the plan. 

1) Should denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage Dictionary 2000 (Dictionary.com)
should. The will to …I shall go out if I feel like it.  

2) Federal government is the central government in Washington DC
Encarta Online 2005,
United States (Government), …Washington, D.C.

3) Resolved implies a policy
Louisiana House 3-8-2005,
Resolution … , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) 

4.
2) Violation: The affirmative does not defend instrumental action by the USFG for restriction presidential war powers 

And, predictability is the internal link to solving the aff – Debate has unique potential to change attitudes and grow critical thinking skills because it forces pre-round internal deliberation on a focused, common ground of debate
Robert E. Goodin and Simon J. Niemeyer- Australian National University- 2003, When Does Deliberation Begin? Internal Reflection versus Public Discussion in Deliberative Democracy, POLITICAL STUDIES: 2003 VOL 51, 627–649
What happened in this …. each of those key features.

Tournament: tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Weber State Olsen-Veeder | Judge: Dunn
Insecurity lies at the root of capitalist relations- the state exercises violence in order to separate the population from the means of production.  
Mark Neocleous in 2011 (Social and Legal Studies 2011 20: 191, 'A Brighter and Nicer New Life': Security as Pacification, sage)

But we can … process of pacification.
Their genealogical criticism fails – critique and cultural studies animated by micropolitics gives way to inaction in the face of corporate domination – only a concrete revolutionary struggle solves
DeLuca 2011, Kevin Michael, “Interrupting the World As It Is: Thinking Amidst the Corporatocracy and in the Wake of Tunisia, Egypt, and Wisconsin,” Critical Studies in Media Communication Volume 28, Issue 2
We are all heirs of Foucault. … for neoliberal exploitation. 

Capitalist exploitation culminates in the destruction of all life on earth
Revolutionary Worker in 2k1
(#1109,  “Capitalism's Eco-Mess and?the Revolutionary Alternative”, july 1, online)
The capitalist …minute to spare.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative in favor of a historical materialist methodology to challenge capitalism. This method is critical to generate a pedagogy which privileges the relations of production for a better understanding of social and political oppression.
Andrew N. McNight in 2010  University of Alabama at Birmingham,  A Pragmatic and pedagogically Minded Revaluation of Historical Materialism,  Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, vol.8. no.2, http://www.jceps.com/PDFs/08-2-04.pdf
Toward a reconstruction … of direct systemic social change.

Tournament: tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Gonzaga Gaither-Spraker | Judge: Symonds
Expert consensus agrees debt ceiling will be increased – although breakdown in negotiations still possible
Economist 9/21 (The Economist, “The budget: Once more to the brink,” http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21586586-despite-improved-fiscal-outlook-another-budget-battle-looms-once-more-brink, 09/21/2013)

On October 1st much of the … how it will be avoided.

PC is key – leverage over republicans
(Lillis and Wasson 9/7)
Mike and Erik; writers for the Hill; Fears of wounding Obama weigh heavily on Democrats ahead of vote; The Hill; 2013. http://thehill.com/homenews/house/320829-fears-of-wounding-obama-weigh-heavily-on-democrats

The prospect ….could be positive.

Obama defends executive war powers authority – Libya proves. He will spend PC to protect executive war powers
Samples in 11 (John, director of the Center for Representative Government at the Cato Institute, “Congress Surrenders the War Powers
Libya, the United Nations, and the Constitution”, Policy Analysis No. 687, http://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa687.pdf) 

President Obama …. go through the motions.”18

Failure to act would cause irreparable harm to the US economy
Rushe 8/26
Dominic Rushe, the US business correspondent for the Guardian. 08-26-2K13 “US to hit debt ceiling in mid-October, Treasury secretary warns House GOP” The Guardian 

The US will …to our economy," he wrote.

Economic downturn causes internal conflict, great power wars over territorial disputes, and extinction.
Auslin 2009, scholar at American Enterprise Institute,
Michael, “The global Economy Unravels” American Enterprise Institute
What do these trends ….coalesce into a big bang.

Tournament: tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Gonzaga Gaither-Spraker | Judge: Symonds
The rhetoric of the aff is not benign-it relies on an ontology that assumes realist nation-state politics are natural and true.  This is an ontology of violence that inevitably mobilizes citizens and the state to war
(Burke 07) (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse) *UMKC Does not endorse the gendered language of Burke 

This essay develops a theory about the …. own substance'. 21
The epistemological and ontological assumptions of state security perpetuate never ending violence-the assumption that the state has a given identity that must be protected at all costs can only result in the eradication of anything in its way-this is the ultimate form of calculability.
Burke in 2k7 (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse) *UMKC Does not endorse the gendered language of Burke 

What I am trying to ….continue to be made.

The alternative is to reject the aff as a means of examining western thought.  
ONLY BE EXAMINING AND CRITICIZING THE MODERNIST WESTERN THOUGHT TRADITIONAL INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IS FOUNDED IN CAN WE RECOVER THE OBLIGATORY FREEDOM ENTAILED WITHIN POLITICS.  THIS WILL ALLOW A POLITICS THAT RECOGNIZES ITS PLACE IN THE WORLD AND AVOIDS THE VIOLENT OTHERIZATION INHERENT IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
DILLON IN 96 (MICHAEL, SENIOR LECTURER IN POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER, THE POLITICS OF SECURITY)
Heidegger consequently not …..to be moved. ¶ P52-53

Tournament: tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Gonzaga Gaither-Spraker | Judge: Symonds

1. Executive has plenary authority over military forces – EXO solves.
   (Yoo and Delahunty 2002)
   Delahunty, Robert J., U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel
   Yoo, John C., Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California Berkeley; The President's Constitutional Authority to Conduct Military Operations Against Terrorist
   Organizations and the Nations that Harbor or Support Them; Boalt Working Papers in Public Law, Boalt Hall, UC Berkeley. 

The …. over the use of military force.