Tournament: Uco | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Foreman-Goh | Judge: Fifelski
1 K
2 DA
3 CP
4 Case
5 T

davidcuellar11@gmail.com

pre-UCO neg cites are under Cuellar-Parsons

Tournament: Uco | Round: 5 | Opponent: Oklahoma Cherry-Baker | Judge: Guha-Majumdar
The aff is just a new form of moralizing discourse-their struggle against the hegemony of the system only seeks criticism as a route to alleviate moral injury.  Reliance on largely symbolic structures, while ignoring material change, is born out of a frustration with the system.  This will inevitably essentialize historical experience and close off the possibility of challenging the power relations of the status quo.

Brown in 2k1 (Wendy, professor of political science at Berkeley, politics out of history, 38-40)

Inadvertently, it seems, I have now raised the 

AND

 powers coursing through our immediate environs. 38-40

Tournament: Uco | Round: Octas | Opponent: Kansas Hampton-Reed | Judge: Bunas, Maurer, Russell
The oppression of the black female stems from the base of class exploitation – their starting point of rejecting gender and racial oppressions only allows the structures of oppression to continue – only by transcending capitalism is an oppression free world possible 

(Neville and Hamer 98) HELEN A. NEVILLE, professor @ University of Missouri-Columbia, JENNIFER HAMER professor @ Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, both are black women, “Revolutionary Black Feminism: ¶ Toward a Theory of Unity ¶ and Liberation” The Black Scholar, Vol. 28, No. 3/4, THE BLACK RADICAL CONGRESS: 1998¶ (FALL/WINTER 1998), pp. 22-29

Our concept of Revolutionary Black  Feminism emphasizes 

AND

  function capitalism serves in our economic  and social exploitation.

Race and gender studies that attempt to create a master structure narrative are incompatible with Marxist critique – their use of identity politics, the call for examining simultaneous oppressions, a call to different manifestation of oppressions, ignorance of macro structure and the importance of individualism in their critique prevent proper understanding of class relations
(Mann and Grimes 01) Susan Archer Mann, Professor and. Associate Chair Ph.D. Toronto, and Michael D. Grimes, Professor and Chair of the Department of Sociology, Louisana State University, Common and Contested Ground: Marxism and Race, Gender and Class Analysis, Gender and Class 8.2 (Apr 30, 2001): 3.
*RGC = Race, gender, class

Perhaps the major difference between Marxism and RGC 

AND

it is not surprising that many of the authors in this special issue stress the importance of focusing on social relations of oppression (Gimenez; Hogan; Foran; and to a lesser extent Pascale).

The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  As long as capitalism exists, millions of bodies will be excluded from our consciousness – we have an ethical obligation to reject it’s foundations.

Zizek and Daly in 4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut 

AND

 in an otherwise sound matrix.

Capitalist exploitation culminates in the destruction of all life on earth

Revolutionary Worker in 2k1 (#1109,  “Capitalism's Eco-Mess and?the Revolutionary Alternative”, july 1, online)

The capitalist system treats this planet, 

AND

 and we don't have a minute to spare.

The alternative: we demand a universal class struggle against capitalism

Only through struggle can proper consciousness be formed that can utilize possibilities for change away from capitalism
(Callinicos 11) Alex Callinicos, professor of European studies at King's College London, “The Revolutionary Ideas of Karl Marx,” ebook version without page numbers…, 2011. UMKC debate does not endorse the sexist and/or Abelist language of Callinicosedited for gendered language

A dialectical understanding of reality, 

AND

 organization and confidence of the working class.

Universal class struggle can incorporate race and gender analysis, but starting from that perspective creates a false consciousness that makes challenging capitalism impossible.

(Gimenez 01) Martha Gimenez, associate professor of sociology at the University of Colorado, Boulder. “MARXISM AND CLASS, GENDER AND RACE:
RETHINKING THE TRILOGY” Published (2001) in RACE, GENDER and CLASS, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 23-33, special issue on Marxism and Race, Gender and Class

From the standpoint of Marxist theory, 

AND

, the most suitable for RGC's emancipatory political objectives.

There can be no synthesis between our methodological perspectives-abandoning the position of totality in favor of fragmented, isolated consciousness inevitably means an abandonment of the conditions needed for revolution

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) 

Rosa Luxemburg's major work The Accumulation of Capital 

AND

the bourgeois vulgar economists. 29-30

Even if deconstruction and black feminism are necessary to challenge exploitation, they aren’t sufficient – we only need to win that these perspectives would be included in a class struggle. 

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) 

Marx*s dictum: "The relations of production of every 

AND

 historical process of their relation to society as a whole. 7-8

Tournament: Uco | Round: 5 | Opponent: Oklahoma Cherry-Baker | Judge: Guha-Majumdar
Politics of affect, difference, and desire preclude a class based analysis – Class itself becomes dispersed amongst a series of interpersonal relations and alienation becomes an internally produced phenomena. Under their framework, the social is created by affect making it impossible to enact change. 

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 4-7)

Human freedom, however, is no longer thought of 

AND

 private desires and substitute the singular for the collective.

The affirmatives emphasis on micro-politics is in line with the goals of capitalism- their focus on individualistic forms of resistance fragments and directly trades off with collective macro-level challenges to the global capitalism

Ganesh et al in 2k5 Transforming Resistance, Broadening Our Boundaries: Critical Organizational Communication Meets Globalization from Below Shiv Ganesh, Heather Zoller, and George Cheney  Communication Monographs Vol. 72, No. 2, June 2005, pp. 169–191 

Here, we map some processes that may have led 

AND

 critical organizational communication theory and research. 

Panculturalist theories, function as a cultural dislocation of class as the primary mode of oppression – There is no way to challenge class based domination from the cultural position as culture is produced in response to class antagonisms. 

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 8-11)
Negri's theory of "new" capitalism, like 

AND

 cultural desires to the shifting ratios of profitability.

Capitalism makes the security order inevitable

Mark Neocleous in 2011 (Social and Legal Studies 2011 20: 191, 'A Brighter and Nicer New Life': Security as Pacification, sage)

But we can flesh this argument out 

AND

is the violence ‘securing insecurity’; it is the process of pacification.

The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system

Zizek and Daly in 4
 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through 

AND

in an otherwise sound matrix.

Capitalist exploitation culminates in the destruction of all life on earth

Revolutionary Worker in 2k1
(#1109,  “Capitalism's Eco-Mess and?the Revolutionary Alternative”, july 1, online)

The capitalist system treats this planet, 

AND

and we don't have a minute to spare.

The alternative is to challenge capitalism through a methodology of historical materialism.

Only through historical materialism can we understand how the material structures in which action occurs shapes our subjectivity.

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) 

The practical danger of every such dualism 

AND

 the interests of the movement as a whole" 23-24

There can be no synthesis between our methodological perspectives-abandoning the position of totality in favor of fragmented, isolated consciousness inevitably means an abandonment of the conditions needed for revolution

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) 

Rosa Luxemburg's major work The Accumulation of Capital 

AND

the bourgeois vulgar economists. 29-30

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Northern Iowa Shew-Simonson | Judge: Fifelski
Their view of identity as a composition of assemblages makes it impossible

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 48-49)
To put it differently, the newest phase of the 

AND

it establishes the Truth of other cultural practices.

Queer theory is locked into the assumption that discourse and practice are one and the same.  Material change and historical conditions are ignores.  This debilitates any resistance to the hetero-normative order, turning case.

Storr in 99
(Merl, Senior Lecturer in Sociology, at the University of East London, postmodern bisexuality, Sexuality  2: 309)
So far I have been identifying the new audibility of 

AND

and with postmodern capitalism in particular.   

Race and gender studies that attempt to create a master structure narrative are incompatible with Marxist critique – their use of identity politics, the call for examining simultaneous oppressions, a call to different manifestation of oppressions, ignorance of macro structure and the importance of individualism in their critique prevent proper understanding of class relations
(Mann and Grimes 01) Susan Archer Mann, Professor and. Associate Chair Ph.D. Toronto, and Michael D. Grimes, Professor and Chair of the Department of Sociology, Louisana State University, Common and Contested Ground: Marxism and Race, Gender and Class Analysis, Gender and Class 8.2 (Apr 30, 2001): 3.
*RGC = Race, gender, class

Perhaps the major difference between Marxism and 

AND

the importance of focusing on social relations of oppression (Gimenez; Hogan; Foran; and to a lesser extent Pascale).

The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system

Zizek and Daly in 4
 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gord¬ian knot 

AND

Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.

Capitalist exploitation culminates in the destruction of all life on earth

Revolutionary Worker in 2k1
(#1109,  “Capitalism's Eco-Mess and?the Revolutionary Alternative”, july 1, online)
The capitalist system treats this planet, 

AND

depends. This must stop, and we don't have a minute to spare.

The alternative is to challenge capitalism through a methodology of historical materialism.

Only through historical materialism can we understand how the material structures in which action occurs shapes our subjectivity.

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)
The practical danger of every such dualism shows itself in 

AND

they always and everywhere represent the interests of the movement as a whole" 23-24

Even if a critique of biopolitical relations is necessary, it is insufficient to destroy capitalism.

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) 

Marx*s dictum: "The relations of production 

AND

process of their relation to society as a whole. 7-8

You can either be for, or against capitalism – there can be no middle ground. 

Micocci in 9
Andrea; The Metaphysics of Capitalism; p. 2

The thesis of this book is that the theoretical equality of 

AND

although I find the theoretical explanation I shall argue in this book the definitive one.

Tournament: Uco | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kansas Bevens-Miller | Judge: Collins
The aff’s use of disjointed extinction scenarios is liberal terror meant to transform debate into an exchange of fears that normalizes threats despite their unknowability.

Evans 13 (Brad Evans is senior lecturer in international relations at the University of Bristol, Liberal Terror, 2013, p 31-35)

This brings us directly to the problem of 

AND

Terrorists come with little story attached. 80

Tournament: Uco | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Foreman-Goh | Judge: Fifelski
The affirmative strives for ontological certainty by joining enemy-creation with positivism, which reinforces a norm of war that enframes humans only as destructive tools

(Burke 07) (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse)

This essay develops a theory about the causes of war 

AND

, making them betray not only commitments but their own substance'. 21

The positivist ontology of war distorts truth, makes conflict inevitable

Burke in 2k7 (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse)

What I am trying to describe in this essay 

and

 'choices' will continue to be made.

The alternative is a recovery of the political -- Only through the recovery of the political can we establish an ethical relationship with the Other and reclaim the agency security has taken from us. 

DILLON IN 96 (MICHAEL, SENIOR LECTURER IN POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER, THE POLITICS OF SECURITY)

Heidegger consequently not only challenges us to 

AND

in which way we need to be moved. ¶ P52-53

Tournament: Uco | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kansas Bevens-Miller | Judge: Collins
The affirmative strives for ontological certainty by joining enemy-creation with positivism, which reinforces a norm of war that enframes humans only as destructive tools

(Burke 07) (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse)

This essay develops a theory about the causes of 

AND

 only commitments but their own substance'. 21

The affirmative’s advocacy of law is a response to potential crisis in an attempt to create a new norm – this ignores the contingent application of law, allowing it to be waived in in the face of new crises.

Evans 13 (Brad Evans is senior lecturer in international relations at the University of Bristol, Liberal Terror, 2013 p 9-10)

Cosmopolitan approaches to universal law are 

AND

 disruptions that continue to define the modern condition.

The positivist ontology of war distorts truth, makes conflict inevitable

Burke in 2k7 (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse)

What I am trying to describe in this essay 

AND

tragically violent 'choices' will continue to be made.

the alternative is a recovery of the political -- only through the recovery of the political can we establish an ethical relationship with the Other and reclaim the agency security has taken from us. 

DILLON IN 96 (MICHAEL, SENIOR LECTURER IN POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER, THE POLITICS OF SECURITY)

Heidegger consequently not only challenges 

AND

 we can say in which way we need to be moved. ¶ P52-53

Voting negative is key to liberating us from security within this space. 

(Jones 99) (Richard Wyn Jones, Professor International Politics @ Aberystwyth University, ‘99 (Security, Strategy, and Critical Theory, p. 155-163)

The central political task of the 

AND

 an inspiration and a challenge to critical security studies.

Tournament: Uco | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Foreman-Goh | Judge: Fifelski
Congress has ceded war making ability to congress – the plan destroys the doctrine of congressional deference to presidential war making 

MICHAEL STOKES PAULSEN * in 10 Distinguished University Chair and Professor of Law, The University of St. Thomas, Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy¶ ¶ Winter, 2010¶ ¶ Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy¶ ¶ 33 Harv. J.L. and Pub. Pol'y 113, SEPARATION OF POWERS IN AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONALISM: THE TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL FEDERALIST SOCIETY NATIONAL STUDENT SYMPOSIUM ON LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY--2009: V. WAR POWERS AND THE EXECUTIVE: THE WAR POWER, LN

The AUMF writes an enormous check. 

AND

 purposes of executing the power to wage war. n40

AND, constraints make the U.S. a paper tiger and embolden challengers, destroys power projection.  

(Gentry 08) John A. Gentry, retired U.S. Army Reserve officer, “Cardboard Tiger: The Myth of U.S. Hegemony” George Washington University, March 2008, http://citation.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/5/1/0/7/pages251070/p251070-1.php

For nearly two decades, however, 

AND

 of casualties and lack of quick success.

AND, the impact is global war – US power projection is critical to prevent escalatory conflicts
(Khalilzad 11)
Zalmay Khalilzad (Counselor at CSIS and President and CEO of Khalilzad Associates, an international advisory firm.  Under President George W. Bush, Khalilzad served as US Ambassador to Iraq, Afghanistan, and the United Nations. Former Professor of Political Science at Columbia University.), National Review, February 8, 2011, “The Economy and National Security”, accessed February 8, 2011, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad

The stakes are high.

AND

 make aggressive moves in their regions.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Northern Iowa Shew-Simonson | Judge: Fifelski
The President of the United States should not have the war powers authority to imprison indefinitely. 

That these prisoners are called detainees reveals that the construction of the monster-terrorist-fag is performative and happens in speech acts. 

Butler, 2004. (Judith, Hannah Arendt professor of philosophy at the European Graduate School). Precarious
Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. New York, NY: Verso. Pg. 63-64. ZDS

Tournament: Uco | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Foreman-Goh | Judge: Fifelski
Text: The President of the United States should issue an executive order that restricts the introduction of space armed forces into hostilities. 

Executive can self bind effectively – sends more credible signal than other branches.

Posner and Vermule 7 (Eric Posner Professor of Law @ The University of Chicago Law School and Adrian Vermeule, Professor of Law @Harvard Law School, “ARTICLE: The Credible Executive,” 74 U. Chi. L. Rev. 865, lexis)

The Madisonian system of oversight has not totally 

AND

 faith even if no other institution ever enforces it.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa Shearer-Croat | Judge: Gramzinski
Drones are not a driver for the AQAP – most Yemenis support the program
Byman 13 (Daniel, Professor in the Security Studies Program at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University and a Senior Fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, “Why Drones Work,” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139453/daniel-byman/why-drones-work?page=show, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2013)

It is also telling that drones have earned the 

AND

would make the United States more popular.

WMD terrorism risk almost zero

George Friedman, founder of Stratfor, 2012, The Next Decade: Empire and Republic in a Changing World, pp. 81-2
The simple answer is that while constructing 

AND

and North Korea has never gotten it quite right.

AQAP threat is localized – no internal link to international conflict
(Gerges 12) Fawaz Gerges, Professor of International Relations, London School of Economics, “The Rise and Fall of Al-Qaeda: Debunking the Terrorism Narrative” The Huffington Post, January 3, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fawaz-gerges/the-rise-and-fall-of-alqa_b_1182003.html

The popular uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, 

AND

not those set among the inner sanctum of Al-Qaeda Central.¶ 

Israel won't strike Iran

(Murphy 12)
Dan Murphy (staff writer), Christian Science Monitor, April 2, 2012, “Why Israel is even less likely to strike Iran now”, accessed May 24, 2012, http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/content/view/print/489042

All the recent data points in the "will they, won't they" 

AND

overwhelmingly telling us no war soon.

Tournament: Uco | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Foreman-Goh | Judge: Fifelski
Zero data supports the resolve or credibility thesis 

Mercer 13 (Jonathan Mercer, associate professor of political science at the University of Washington in Seattle and a Fellow at the Center for International Studies at the London School of Economics, “Bad Reputation,” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136577/jonathan-mercer/bad-reputation, 05/13/2013)

Since then, the debate about what to do 

AND

 record shows, reputations do not matter.

No impact to hegemony 

Friedman 10 (Ben, research fellow in defense and homeland security, Cato. PhD candidate in pol sci, MIT, Military Restraint and Defense Savings, http://www.cato.org/testimony/ct-bf-07202010.html, 07/20/2010)

Another argument for high military spending is 

AND

while providing no obvious benefit. 

Counterbalancing against the U.S. is empirically denied and irrelevant.

Brooks et al 13 (STEPHEN G. BROOKS is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. G. JOHN IKENBERRY is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul. WILLIAM C. WOHLFORTH is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. This article is adapted from their essay "Don't Come Home, America: The Case Against Retrenchment," International Security, Winter 2012-13., “Lean Forward,” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward?page=show#, Foreign Affairs Jan/Feb 2013)

One such alleged cost of the current grand 

AND

 clear relationship between military expenditures and economic decline.

No Russia war---no motive or capability
Betts 13 Richard is the Arnold A. Saltzman Professor of War and Peace Studies @ Columbia. “The Lost Logic of Deterrence,” Foreign Affairs, March/April, Vol. 92, Issue 2, Online
These continuities with the Cold War would 

AND

globe-spanning revolutionary ideal.

No china war. 

(Alagappa 08)
Muthia Alagappa (Distinguished Senior Fellow at the East-West Center), The Long Shadow, 2008, pg. 70-71, accessed June 5, 2010, http://books.google.com/books?id=djmmh_HS3BsCandprintsec=frontcoveranddq=E2809CThe+Long+ShadowE2809D+alagappaandhl=enandei=AOAKTInSK5TYM-fv2LUEandsa=Xandoi=book_resultandct=resultandresnum=1andved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepageandqandf=false

Despite this, the role of force in 

AND

economic costs and risks are high.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa Shearer-Croat | Judge: Gramzinski
The plan is too little too late for drone prolif – drones are already cemented into all major militaries
(Singer 13) Peter Warren Singer is director of the 21st Century Defense Initiative at Brookings and author of the New York Times bestseller Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century.. “The Global Swarm,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/03/11/the_global_swarm?page=full, Foreign Policy, 3/11/13 

Too often in policy and media circles, 

AND

ASN Technology, one of the major makers in China, and ADE of India.

No impact to Chinese drones---their ev is irrational media hype 

Trefor Moss 13, journalist for The Diplomat covering Asian politics, defense and security, formerly Asia-Pacific Editor at Jane’s Defence Weekly, 3/2/13, “Here Come…China’s Drones,” The Diplomat, http://thediplomat.com/2013/03/02/here-comes-chinas-drones/?print=yes

Unmanned systems have become the legal

AND

– unmanned systems being no exception.

Drones will only ever be used in highly permissive environments that lack air defense
Michael W. Lewis 12, Associate Professor of Law at Ohio Northern University Pettit College of Law, Spring 2012, “ARTICLE: SYMPOSIUM: THE 2009 AIR AND MISSILE WARFARE MANUAL: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS: Drones and the Boundaries of the Battlefield,” Texas International Law Journal, p. lexis 

Like any weapons system drones have significant 

AND

counterinsurgency or counterterrorism operations.

Tournament: Uco | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kansas Bevens-Miller | Judge: Collins
Their laundry list of vague impacts is academic junk – conflicts can’t just emerge

Fettweis, 11 (Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO)

Assertions that without the combination of 

AND

 that their security is all but assured, with or without the United States.

Heg doesn’t deter conflict – post-war strategy shift makes preponderance useless

Mack et al 11 (Andrew, Director of the Human Security Report Project (HSRP) at Simon Fraser University and a faculty member of the university’s School for International Studies, Sebastian Merz is the Associate Director for the HSRP. He contributes to the Human Security Report, plans and coordinates the HSRP’s research activities, and manages the work of the data department. Mai is a Research Officer at the HSRP. She is responsible for maintaining and analyzing datasets commissioned by the HSRP, Tara is a Researcher with the HSRP. She analyzes various datasets used by the HSRP and she also conducts research and writes content for the Human Security Reports. Lindsey is a Research Assistant for the HSRP, where she publishes the Human Security Research eNewsletter and manages the cataloging of resources in the Human Security Gateway. She also assists in research for the annual Human Security Report.,    “Human Security Report 2009/2010: The Causes Of Peace,” http://hsrgroup.org/docs/Publications/HSR20092010/20092010HumanSecurityReport-Part1-CausesOfPeace.pdf, 2011)

As with other realist claims, there are reasons 

AND

 strategic successes of militarily weak insurgents in national liberation wars.    

Quantitative structural research fails at predicting the onset of conflict – only the alternative’s qualitative interrogation can incorporate agency and affect into IR theory.

Mack et al 11 (Andrew, Director of the Human Security Report Project (HSRP) at Simon Fraser University and a faculty member of the university’s School for International Studies, Sebastian Merz is the Associate Director for the HSRP. He contributes to the Human Security Report, plans and coordinates the HSRP’s research activities, and manages the work of the data department. Mai is a Research Officer at the HSRP. She is responsible for maintaining and analyzing datasets commissioned by the HSRP, Tara is a Researcher with the HSRP. She analyzes various datasets used by the HSRP and she also conducts research and writes content for the Human Security Reports. Lindsey is a Research Assistant for the HSRP, where she publishes the Human Security Research eNewsletter and manages the cataloging of resources in the Human Security Gateway. She also assists in research for the annual Human Security Report.,    “Human Security Report 2009/2010: The Causes Of Peace,” http://hsrgroup.org/docs/Publications/HSR20092010/20092010HumanSecurityReport-Part1-CausesOfPeace.pdf, 2011)

Uncovering statistically significant correlations between 

AND

only qualitative researchers employ.89

Tournament: Uco | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Foreman-Goh | Judge: Fifelski
Multiple structural factors prevent space weaponization.

Tannenwald , their author, in 3 (Nina, Assistant Professor and Director of the International Relations Program, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University, “Law Versus Power on the High Frontier: The Case for a Rule-Based Regime for Outer Space,” http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/7902/1/tannenwald.pdf, 2003)

What accounts for the lack of an arms 

AND

nonweaponization tradition continue to ¶ hold today.

Multilat fails —gridlock 

David Held 13, Professor of Politics and International Relations, at the University of Durham AND Thomas Hale, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Blavatnik School of Government, Oxford University AND Kevin Young, Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, 5/24/13, “Gridlock: the growing breakdown of global cooperation,” http://www.opendemocracy.net/thomas-hale-david-held-kevin-young/gridlock-growing-breakdown-of-global-cooperation

The Doha round of trade negotiations 

AND

 political landscapes of the most powerful countries.

No impact to warming

(Lomborg 08)
Bjorn Lomborg (Director of the Copenhagen Consensus Center and adjunct professor at the Copenhagen Business School), “Warming warnings get overheated”, The Guardian, August 15, 2008, accessed October 24, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/15/carbonemissions.climatechange

These alarmist predictions are becoming 

AND

 person on earth to be 1,700 richer by the end of this century.

Their authors have a personal incentive to exaggerate the impact

(Spencer 08)
Roy Spencer (climatologist and a Principal Research Scientist for the University of Alabama in Huntsville, Ph.D. in meteorology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1981, former Senior Scientist for Climate Studies at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, where he and Dr. John Christy received NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal for their global temperature monitoring work with satellites), Climate Confusion, 2008

The media can always find an expert 

AND

 him hope of breaking the big story.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa Shearer-Croat | Judge: Gramzinski
Aff can’t solve CIA restrictions

Cortright 11 (David, Director of Policy Studies at the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame, “The scary prospect of global drone warfare”, http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/19/opinion/cortright-drones, 8/19/11)

Many important legal questions have been raised 

AND

to the Uniform Code of Military Justice.

Obama will justify strikes under article 2 authority and AUMF.

Goldsmith 13 (Jack, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, Former Assistant Attorney General, “Eight Thoughts on the Broad Reading of Article II Inherent in Bobby’s Conjecture”, 5/28/13, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/05/eight-thoughts-on-the-broad-reading-of-article-ii-inherent-in-bobbys-conjecture/)

Bobby’s post from Friday argued that “the current shadow war 

AND

war, unlike the AUMF war, requires no nexus to al Qaeda or its associates.
Congress doesn’t care about WPR amendment

Miller 13 (Aaron Miller, Vice President for New Initiatives and Distinguished Scholar at the Wilson Center, Interviewing Marvin Kalb-- Emeritus Professor at Harvard --, “They’re the Deciders,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/05/31/president_congress_war_power_marvin_kalb_interview?utm_source=feedly, 05/31/2013)

FP: If Congress had to 

AND

executive in questions of war and peace.
They’ll enforce it loosely

Prakash 08 (Saikrishna, Professor of Law at UCSD “The Separation and Overlap of War and Military Powers,” UVA, http://www.law.virginia.edu/pdf/workshops/0708/prakash.pdf )

The absence of more intrusive 

AND

congressional micromanagement.212

Tournament: Uco | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Foreman-Goh | Judge: Fifelski
A. Armed forces means people – it excludes weapons systems.

Lorber  13 (Eric, U-Penn Law School; Duke University - Department of Political Science, “Executive Warmaking Authority and Offensive Cyber Operations: Can Existing Legislation Successfully Constrain Presidential Power?” University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 961, 2013)

As is evident from a textual analysis,

AND

 operations will not trigger the War Powers Resolution.

B. Violation – plan prohibits use of space armed forces