Tournament: Soul | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lindenwood Nave-Wingo | Judge: McGrew-Bryant
MARX
The discursive focus of the aff is a means of erasing objective knowledge – this erasure only serves to justify neoliberal politics while ignoring true revolutionary politics capable of change
(Kelsh 10) Deborah Kelsh is an Associate Professor in the Department of Teacher Education at The College of Saint Rose in Albany, New York (US). Her scholarship focuses on the question of class in relation to the production of knowledge and pedagogy., “CultureClass” Pg 8-10

Throughout the mid-1970s … property relations and legitimate capitalism.

Anzaldua’s borderlands is not a form of dialects but rather a form of “cultural schizophrenia” used in bourgeois discourse to mask the material effects of capitalism
(Gonzalez 04) MARCIAL GONZÁLEZ, Professor @ University of California Berkeley “Postmodernism, Historical Materialism and Chicana/o Cultural Studies” Science and Society, Vol. 68, No. 2, Summer 2004, 161–186

Consider, for example, Gloria Anzaldúa’s … rather than figuring out ways of overcoming alienation.

The cultural turn that focuses on ‘lived experiences’ and social conditions confuses phenomenological changes with an ontological transformation of capitalism – capitalism hasn’t changed, it still relies on the exploitation of surplus labor.
(Ebert and Zavarzadeh 08) (Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. xviii)

The turn to culture represents culture … time when causal relations are, like class itself, declared dead.

The aff is too micropolitical to achieve change – only by recognizing economic totality can we ever break the ideological chains that capitalism has put us in resolving the need for securitization – their focus on securitization links
(Neocleous 13) Mark Neocleous, Professor of the Critique of Political Economy in the Department of Politics and History at Brunel University in the UK, “THE DREAM OF PACIFICATION: ACCUMULATION, CLASS WAR, AND THE HUNT” Socialist Studies / Études socialistes 9 (2) Winter 2013.

‘I have … ordered that the full resources of the … state, the hunting will never end.

The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system
(Zizek and Daly 04) (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that … 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.

Capitalist exploitation culminates in the destruction of all life on earth
Revolutionary Worker in 2k1
(#1109,  “Capitalism's Eco-Mess and?the Revolutionary Alternative”, july 1, online)
The capitalist system treats …  we don't have a minute to spare.

The alternative is a pedagogy of historical materialism- all examination of social problems must begin at the socio-economic level- only an understanding of politics that recognizes economics as the base that structures societal interactions can provide us with the education necessary to enact real world alternative resistance to capitalism.
The alternative provides an effective starting point for global revolution – our use of the university as an organizing space for anti-capitalist knowledge is able to produce global change – you should reject any permutation as it forfeits totality in favor of diluted knowledge incapable of achieving revolution
(Katz 2003) ADAM KATZ, adjunct English instructor at Onondaga Community College in Syracuse, NY. He received his Ph.D. in English literature from Syracuse. “The University and Revolutionary Practice: A Letter toward a Leninist Pedagogy” 2003, pg 237-239 

Can we do otherwise? … of class struggle on a global scale.

Only through historical materialism can we understand how the material structures in which action occurs shapes our subjectivity.
(Lukacs 67) George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness
The practical danger of every such … and everywhere represent the interests of the movement as a whole" 23-24

Case
Their refusal of instrumentality in favor of symbolic resistance is anti political.  It ignores the material realities of those oppressed by the state and fosters a hyper individualist politics that reifies oppression
David  Chandler in 2k7 Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, Area Vol 39 Issue 1, The possibilities of post-territorial political community
For radical activists – exemplified in … state-based politics of the 'self-satisfied West' (O'Keefe 2002; Chandler 2003). 

A politics of symbolism prevents collective action-this removes constraints on state power and fails to initiate material change
David  Chandler in 2k7 Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, Area Vol 39 Issue 1, The possibilities of post-territorial political community
This disjunction between the …  of protest is immediately apparent.

Tournament: Soul | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas State Karimi-Stebbins | Judge: Fifelski
MARX
The discursive focus of the aff is a means of erasing objective knowledge – this erasure only serves to justify neoliberal politics while ignoring true revolutionary politics capable of change
(Kelsh 10) Deborah Kelsh is an Associate Professor in the Department of Teacher Education at The College of Saint Rose in Albany, New York (US). Her scholarship focuses on the question of class in relation to the production of knowledge and pedagogy., “CultureClass” Pg 8-10

Throughout the mid-1970s … property relations and legitimate capitalism.

The affirmatives emphasis on micro-politics is in line with the goals of capitalism- their focus on individualistic forms of resistance fragments and directly trades off with collective macro-level challenges to the global capitalism
(Ganesh et al 05) Transforming Resistance, Broadening Our Boundaries: Critical Organizational Communication Meets Globalization from Below Shiv Ganesh, Heather Zoller, and George Cheney  Communication Monographs Vol. 72, No. 2, June 2005, pp. 169–191 

Here, we map some processes that …critical organizational communication theory and research. 

The rejection of super-structures and grand narratives leaves us with no tools to fight capitalism.  The local resistance they offer is nothing more than the weak democracy that has allowed the rampant expansion of capital.
(Holmstrom 97) (Nancy, Professor Emeritus Department of Philosophy at Rutgers, Renewing Historical Materialism, Solidarity, http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/2198)

While the defeat of Stalinism …, is characteristic of capitalism.

The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system
(Zizek and Daly 04) (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that … 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.

Capitalist exploitation culminates in the destruction of all life on earth
Revolutionary Worker in 2k1
(#1109,  “Capitalism's Eco-Mess and?the Revolutionary Alternative”, july 1, online)
The capitalist system treats …  we don't have a minute to spare.

Class antagonisms subvert all democratic principles – it creates a formal equality before the law while conditioning all access on profit
(Ebert and Zavarzadeh 08) (Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. xiv)
At the center of … to provide surplus value.

The alternative is a pedagogy of historical materialism- all examination of social problems must begin at the socio-economic level- only an understanding of politics that recognizes economics as the base that structures societal interactions can provide us with the education necessary to enact real world alternative resistance to capitalism.
The alternative provides an effective starting point for global revolution – our use of the university as an organizing space for anti-capitalist knowledge is able to produce global change – you should reject any permutation as it forfeits totality in favor of diluted knowledge incapable of achieving revolution
(Katz 2003) ADAM KATZ, adjunct English instructor at Onondaga Community College in Syracuse, NY. He received his Ph.D. in English literature from Syracuse. “The University and Revolutionary Practice: A Letter toward a Leninist Pedagogy” 2003, pg 237-239 

Can we do otherwise? … of class struggle on a global scale.

Only through historical materialism can we understand how the material structures in which action occurs shapes our subjectivity.
(Lukacs 67) George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness
The practical danger of every such … and everywhere represent the interests of the movement as a whole" 23-24

Case
Their refusal of instrumentality in favor of symbolic resistance is anti political.  It ignores the material realities of those oppressed by the state and fosters a hyper individualist politics that reifies oppression
David  Chandler in 2k7 Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, Area Vol 39 Issue 1, The possibilities of post-territorial political community
For radical activists – exemplified in … state-based politics of the 'self-satisfied West' (O'Keefe 2002; Chandler 2003). 

A politics of symbolism prevents collective action-this removes constraints on state power and fails to initiate material change
David  Chandler in 2k7 Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, Area Vol 39 Issue 1, The possibilities of post-territorial political community
This disjunction between the …  of protest is immediately apparent. 

Challenging the state is insufficient to solve capitalism – Russian revolution proves that the dispersal of capital outweighs the existence of any singular or collective of states – only a collective class struggle can use the state as a transition to a new society.
Callinicos 11 (Alex, professor of European studies at King's College London, http://libcom.org/library/debate-between-john-holloway-alex-callinicos-E2809Ccan-we-change-world-without-taking-powerE2809D-, 05/05/2011)

John said we have a … fissures, in the existing system is enough to destroy it.

Tournament: Browning | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas State Mays-Klucas | Judge: Bausch
1NC vs KState KM
Security K
The rhetoric of the aff  relies on an ontology that assumes realist nation-state politics are natural and true.  This is an ontology of violence that inevitably mobilizes citizens and the state to war
(Burke 07) (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse)

This essay develops a … but their own substance'. 21

Representations of cyberspace as lawless new frontier is the unfounded projection of old forms of deviance into a new realm whose dangerousness depends on the social priorities rather than their probability.
(Cavelty 13) Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Head of the New Risk Research Unit at the Center for Security Studies, “From Cyber-Bombs to Political Fallout: Threat Representations with an Impact in the Cyber-Security Discourse” International Studies Review, Volume 15, Issue 1, pages 105–122, March 2013

Socio-political threats …  justifying political action.

The epistemological and ontological assumptions of state security perpetuate never ending violence-the assumption that the state has a given identity that must be protected at all costs can only result in the eradication of anything in its way-this is the ultimate form of calculability.
Burke in 2k7 (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse)

What I am trying to describe … will continue to be made.

The alternative is to recover the political – the status quo’s depolitzation of subjectivities that fall outside of dominate discourses forces violent managerialism to confront difference – only by taking a leap of faith in the face of uncertainty can we reclaim the obligatory freedom that arises from the uncertainty of the human condition.
DILLON IN 96 (MICHAEL, SENIOR LECTURER IN POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER, THE POLITICS OF SECURITY)

Heidegger consequently not only …  we need to be moved. ¶ P52-53

Solvency -~--
The affirmative’s advocacy of law is a response to potential crisis in an attempt to create a new norm – this ignores the contingent application of law, allowing it to be waived in in the face of new crises.
Evans 13 (Brad Evans is senior lecturer in international relations at the University of Bristol, Liberal Terror, 2013 p 9-10)

Cosmopolitan approaches to universal … that continue to define the modern condition.

Secrecy means Congress would be ineffective—no solvency
Stephen Dycus, 10, Professor, Vermont Law School, 8/11/10, “Congress’s Role in Cyber Warfare,” http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/11_Dycus.pdf

The National Security Act …  any reporting might be delayed indefinitely.37

Military procedures means cyber operations wouldn’t be reported—kills solvency
Stephen Dycus 10, Professor, Vermont Law School, 8/11/10, “Congress’s Role in Cyber Warfare,” http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/11_Dycus.pdf
Another potential obstacle …  and any reporting to the intelligence committees.44

Advantage ----
Their disease representations are projections of paranoia – the probability of mutations is infinitely small and unknowable – their high magnitude framing destroys ability to check disease.
Koblentz 10 (Gregory D. Koblentz is Assistant Professor in the Department of Public and International Affairs and Deputy Director of the Biodefense Program at George Mason University, “Biosecurity Reconsidered: Callibrating Biological Threats and Responses,” International Security, vol 34(4), Spring 2010, muse)

First, estimating the likelihood … —the actual source of the 2009 pandemic.140 End Page 125

Cyberattacks won’t result in nuclear war -~-- airgapping solves
Green 2 – editor of The Washington Monthly (Joshua, 11/11, The Myth of Cyberterrorism, http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/0211.green.html)

There's just one problem: There is no such … was how strongly it focused on protecting information systems. 

Zero impact to cyber arms race -~--
Colin S. Gray 13, Prof. of International Politics and Strategic Studies @ the University of Reading and External Researcher @ the Strategic Studies Institute @ the U.S. Army War College, April, “Making Strategic Sense of Cyber Power: Why the Sky Is Not Falling,” U.S. Army War College Press, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB1147.pdf

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: … absurd to merit much concern.

Diminishing marginal returns means there’s no impact
Martin C. Libicki 9, Senior Management Scientist @ RAND and adjunct fellow @ Georgetown’s Center for Security Studies, “Cyberdeterrence and Cyberwar,” RAND, http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG877.html

Strategic Cyberwar Is Unlikely to Be … to further coercion. 

Apocalyptic viral mutations are super unlikely.
Fields 93 (Bernard Fields M.D., Adele Lehman Professor and Chairman of the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at Harvard Medical School, Emerging Viruses, 1993, edited by Stephen S. Morse, pg. 69)

I think the answer has to lie in the fact that …  aspects of viral disease.

If they happen, they burn out.
Lederberg 99 (Joshua Lederberg, professor of genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine, Epidemic: The World of Infectious Disease, 1999, p. 13)

The toll of the fourteenth-century … scale ecological upsets.

Method -~--
Don’t solve expertism – their fear of unknowable emergent threat reduces politics to an exchange of fears.
Evans 13 (Brad Evans is senior lecturer in international relations at the University of Bristol, Liberal Terror, 2013, p 31-35)

This brings us directly to the problem …  little story attached. 80 

Seriously – their risk framing destroys politics.
Evans 13 (Brad Evans is senior lecturer in international relations at the University of Bristol, Liberal Terror, 2013 p. 35-39)

While all modern political communities … variable exposure to contingency."

Tournament: Browning | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wyoming Pauli-Marcum | Judge: Kuswa
1NC – Marx --- 

The discursive focus of the aff is a means of erasing objective knowledge – this erasure only serves to justify neoliberal politics while ignoring true revolutionary politics capable of change
(Kelsh 10) Deborah Kelsh is an Associate Professor in the Department of Teacher Education at The College of Saint Rose in Albany, New York (US). Her scholarship focuses on the question of class in relation to the production of knowledge and pedagogy., “CultureClass” Pg 8-10

Throughout the mid-1970s and 80s, …  relations and legitimate capitalism.

Their historical analysis is not complete – by positioning one single solution to an entire history of violence is the logic of bourgeois politics that seeks to blur the capitalist system of oppression – Drones are not the first of a history of exploitation
(Zavarzadeh 95) Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, post-ality: Marxism and postmodernism, post-ality the (dis)simulations of cybercapitalism Pg 22-23

The "post" in deconstructive …  representation across the ages----no age is immune to it.

The biopolitical turn embraced by the affirmative does the work of capitalism – positioning power as biopower forgets that true power is controlling the means of production
(Cotter 12) Jennifer Cotter, writer at The Red Critique, “Bio-politics, Transspecies Love and/as Class Commons-Sense” The Red Critique, Winter/Spring 2012. http://redcritique.org/WinterSpring2012/biopoliticstransspeciesismandclasscommonssense.htm

As class contradictions have grown …  power relations without fundamentally transforming them.

The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system
(Zizek and Daly 04) (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that we …  an otherwise sound matrix.

Capitalist exploitation culminates in the destruction of all life on earth
Revolutionary Worker in 2k1
(#1109,  “Capitalism's Eco-Mess and?the Revolutionary Alternative”, july 1, online)

The capitalist system …  a minute to spare.

The alternative is a pedagogy of historical materialism- all examination of social problems must begin at the socio-economic level- only an understanding of politics that recognizes economics as the base that structures societal interactions can provide us with the education necessary to enact real world alternative resistance to capitalism.

*The alternative provides an effective starting point for global revolution – our use of the university as an organizing space for anti-capitalist knowledge is able to produce global change – you should reject any permutation as it forfeits totality in favor of diluted knowledge incapable of achieving revolution
(Katz 2003) ADAM KATZ, adjunct English instructor at Onondaga Community College in Syracuse, NY. He received his Ph.D. in English literature from Syracuse. “The University and Revolutionary Practice: A Letter toward a Leninist Pedagogy” 2003, pg 237-239 

Can we do otherwise? Other, that is, …  possibility for a heightening and waging of class struggle on a global scale.

We solve the aff and they don’t - The aff is too micropolitical to achieve change – only by recognizing economic totality can we ever break the ideological chains that capitalism has put us in
(Neocleous 13) Mark Neocleous, Professor of the Critique of Political Economy in the Department of Politics and History at Brunel University in the UK, “THE DREAM OF PACIFICATION: ACCUMULATION, CLASS WAR, AND THE HUNT” Socialist Studies / Études socialistes 9 (2) Winter 2013.

‘I have … ordered that the full resources …  , the hunting will never end.

Only through historical materialism can we understand how the material structures in which action occurs shapes our subjectivity.
(Lukacs 67) George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness

The practical danger of every …  the movement as a whole" 23-24

1NC - Case ---

Their refusal of instrumentality in favor of symbolic resistance is anti political.  It ignores the material realities of those oppressed by the state and fosters a hyper individualist politics that reifies oppression
David  Chandler in 2k7 Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, Area Vol 39 Issue 1, The possibilities of post-territorial political community

For radical activists – …  'self-satisfied West' (O'Keefe 2002; Chandler 2003). 

A politics of symbolism prevents collective action-this removes constraints on state power and fails to initiate material change
David  Chandler in 2k7 Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, Area Vol 39 Issue 1, The possibilities of post-territorial political community

This disjunction between …  protest is immediately apparent.

Tournament: Browning | Round: 6 | Opponent: Stanford Gulati-Rosenthal | Judge: Pointer
1NC - T ---
A. Interpretation – Increasing restrictions on the War Powers Authority of the President of the United States is the imposition of limitations on the scope and duration of conflict.
Restriction is limitation.
CAC 12,COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT, COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINAL CANNABIS COLLECTIVE et al., Defendants and Appellants, DIVISION ONE, 207 Cal. App. 4th 601; 143 Cal. Rptr. 3d 716; 2012 Cal. App. LEXIS 772
We disagree with … in medical need of marijuana.”

War Powers Authority of the President is the delegation of authority to enter conflict.
Ides 84 Associate Professor, Loyola University of LA Law School
(Allan, "Congress, Constitutional Responsibility, and the War Power," Loyola of LA Law Review, v. 17,)

This basic structural framework … to congressional¶ authorization.

B. The aff restricts the president’s parameters for determining who is targeted– that’s commander in chief power.
WPI 5 (The Constitution Project’s War Powers Initiative Committee, Mickey Edwards Lecturer @ Princeton, David Skaggs Permanent member of intelligence committee, Peter Raven-Hansen Law Prof @ GWU, Louis Fisher Specialist in SOP for Congressional Research Service, Thomas Franck Emeritus Prof @NYU Law, Michael Glennon Prof of I-Law @ Tufts, Morton Halperin Dir. Of US Advocacy Open Society institute, Harold Koh former I-Law prof @ Yale Law, Susan Rice Former Foreign Policy studies senior fellow @ Brookings, James Sasser Former Senator and Ambassador to China, Jane Stromseth Prof of Law @ Georgetown Law Center, Patricia Wald former Judge at US Court of Appeals DC Circuit and ICT for Yugoslavia, Don Wallace Prof @ Georgetown Law, Togo West President of Joint center for political and economic studies. Edwin Williamson former adviser to state dept. R. James Woolsey, former CIA director. Michael Young, Pres of Univ. of Utah. “Deciding to Use force abroad: War Powers in a system of checks and balances,” http://www.constitutionproject.org/pdf/28.pdf, 2005)

Tactical Command – The …  on collective judgment in the decision for war.

C. Vote Neg:
Limits – including commander in chief authority explodes the topic – the president’s implements a litany of actions in the processes of the topic areas.
Bidirectionality – the leave authority in place – kills core generic counterplans and disadvantages that depend on restrictions of authority.
Education – their interpretation is just wrong – congress can’t legally take away commander in chief authority – legal topic only happens once every four years.
Default to reasonability – competing interpretations causes race to the bottom.
Off

Security K ---
The rhetoric of the aff  relies on an ontology that assumes realist nation-state politics are natural and true.  This is an ontology of violence that inevitably mobilizes citizens and the state to war
(Burke 07) (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse)

This essay develops a theory … not only commitments but their own substance'. 21

The Global War on Terror marks an ontological reorientation of discourses and truth in international relations that necessitate the use of drone warfare to secure the Northern liberal subject from the space and bodies of the Global South.
Vasko 13 (Timothy Vasko received his B.A. and his M.A. from the University of Victoria in Political Science and Cultural, Social, and Political Thought.  He is currently a Ph.D candidate at Johns Hopkins University in Political Science., Solemn Geographies of Human Limits: Drones and the Neocolonial Administration of Life and Death. http://www.affinitiesjournal.org/index.php/affinities/article/view/82/249, 2013)

In a 2005 study of the “logos, …  and the savagery of a backward foe.”

The need to assassinate and detain someone is socially constructed based on difference – the state contantly reinterprets its profile of danger.
(Grayson 12) Kyle Grayson, Senior Lect in International Politics “Six Theses on Targeted Killing”  Politics Volume 32, Issue 2, pages 120–128, June 2012, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2012.01434.x/full

Targeted killing is a nodal … the practice policy traction (Lamb, 2007).

The epistemological and ontological assumptions of state security perpetuate never ending violence-the assumption that the state has a given identity that must be protected at all costs can only result in the eradication of anything in its way-this is the ultimate form of calculability.
Burke in 2k7 (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse)

What I am trying to describe in this … -- tragically violent 'choices' will continue to be made.

The alternative is to recover the political – the status quo’s depolitzation of subjectivities that fall outside of dominate discourses forces violent managerialism to confront difference – only by taking a leap of faith in the face of uncertainty can we reclaim the obligatory freedom that arises from the uncertainty of the human condition.
DILLON IN 96 (MICHAEL, SENIOR LECTURER IN POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER, THE POLITICS OF SECURITY)

Heidegger consequently … way we need to be moved. ¶ P52-53

Only the alternative’s questioning of status quo politics allows for a new conception of politics
(Grondin 04) David Grondin (Masters in Political Science and Ph.D. Candidate – University of Ottawa), “(Re)Writing the ‘National Security State,’” Center for United States Studies, p. 12-17. 2004.

In this light, post structural …  may be considered as ontology.

Their call politics of the state only reinforces the logic of nationalism and sovereignty that make violence inevitable – only recognizing politics outside the state can solve.  
(Walker 93) R. B. J. Walker, Professor of Political Science at university of Victoria, “Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory” 1993 pg 72-73
Taking the principle of state … answer for so long.

A vote for the alternative repoliticizes pedagogy  and divorces knowledge production from the security apparatus.
(Jones 99) (Richard Wyn Jones, Professor International Politics @ Aberystwyth University, ‘99 (Security, Strategy, and Critical Theory, p. 155-163)

The central political …  to critical security studies.

1NC - Twilight Advantage ---
Primacy is rooted in presumptions of racial inferiority – this logic conceals massive international violence while foreclosing opportunities for political contestation and resistance.
(Kaplan 04) Amy Kaplan, Department Chair in the Department of English and Edward W. Kane Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania, American Quarterly, 56:1, March, “Violent Belongings and the Question of Empire Today,” Literature Online.

Another dominant narrative about … meanings, and for which we need better vocabularies.

Heg doesn’t deter conflict – post-war strategy shift makes preponderance useless
Mack et al 11 (Andrew, Director of the Human Security Report Project (HSRP) at Simon Fraser University and a faculty member of the university’s School for International Studies, Sebastian Merz is the Associate Director for the HSRP. He contributes to the Human Security Report, plans and coordinates the HSRP’s research activities, and manages the work of the data department. Mai is a Research Officer at the HSRP. She is responsible for maintaining and analyzing datasets commissioned by the HSRP, Tara is a Researcher with the HSRP. She analyzes various datasets used by the HSRP and she also conducts research and writes content for the Human Security Reports. Lindsey is a Research Assistant for the HSRP, where she publishes the Human Security Research eNewsletter and manages the cataloging of resources in the Human Security Gateway. She also assists in research for the annual Human Security Report.,    “Human Security Report 2009/2010: The Causes Of Peace,” http://hsrgroup.org/docs/Publications/HSR20092010/20092010HumanSecurityReport-Part1-CausesOfPeace.pdf, 2011)

As with other realist claims, there are … of militarily weak insurgents in national liberation wars.    

Quantitative structural research fails at predicting the onset of conflict – only the alternative’s qualitative interrogation can incorporate agency and affect into IR theory.
Mack et al 11 (Andrew, Director of the Human Security Report Project (HSRP) at Simon Fraser University and a faculty member of the university’s School for International Studies, Sebastian Merz is the Associate Director for the HSRP. He contributes to the Human Security Report, plans and coordinates the HSRP’s research activities, and manages the work of the data department. Mai is a Research Officer at the HSRP. She is responsible for maintaining and analyzing datasets commissioned by the HSRP, Tara is a Researcher with the HSRP. She analyzes various datasets used by the HSRP and she also conducts research and writes content for the Human Security Reports. Lindsey is a Research Assistant for the HSRP, where she publishes the Human Security Research eNewsletter and manages the cataloging of resources in the Human Security Gateway. She also assists in research for the annual Human Security Report.,    “Human Security Report 2009/2010: The Causes Of Peace,” http://hsrgroup.org/docs/Publications/HSR20092010/20092010HumanSecurityReport-Part1-CausesOfPeace.pdf, 2011)

Uncovering statistically significant …  researchers employ.89

1NC - Self Defense ---
Liberal internationalism cannot resolve the paradox of global governance in the name or pure liberty – the bracketing of the global tyranny causes the global permanent war that it portends to prevent -
Anna M. Agathangelou  April 2010  York University, Toronto, Canada. ¶ Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2010 38: 693 originally published online 7 Bodies of Desire, Terror and the War in Eurasia: Impolite Disruptions of (Neo) Liberal Internationalism, Neoconservatism and the ‘New’ Imperium 

In the 18 May 2008 issue of … its reason, and the freedom of the individual.

Liberalism is messed up
Peterson, Jenny H. (2012) Creating Space for Emancipatory Human Security: Liberal Obstructions and the Potential of Agonism. International Studies Quarterly, doi: 10.1111/isqu.12009 © 2012 International Studies Association

Despite the conceptual and … for emancipation, might be achieved.