Tournament: Soul | Round: 9 | Opponent: UT San Antonio Colwell-Robertson | Judge: Van Luvanee, Burns, Denney
Contention 1 – The Ontology of Drones
Despite Obama’s White Paper drone strikes continue – on December 12th, a wedding procession was determined to be a “continuing and imminent threat to the American people.”

Mazetti et al 12/20 (Mark Mazetti Pulitzer Prize Winning Journalist and security correspondent since 2006, Robert Worth New York Times Contributor, Shauib al-Mosawa New York Times Contributor, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/21/world/middleeast/yemen-deaths-raise-questions-on-new-drone-policy.html?pagewanted=2and_r=0andhpandpagewanted=all, 12/20/2013)

In some respects, the drone strike in Yemen 

AND

and Yemeni officials cooperate with Americans. 

Drone strikes are the latest manifestation of technic ontology that seeks to administer Being – through ethnographic mapping, scientific discourses, and claims of precise targeting, the U.S. creates a praxis of war that naturalizes the colonial subjugation of the Global South. 

Vasko 13 (Timothy Vasko received his B.A. and his M.A. from the University of Victoria in Political Science and Cultural, Social, and Political Thought.  He is currently a Ph.D candidate at Johns Hopkins University in Political Science., Solemn Geographies of Human Limits: Drones and the Neocolonial Administration of Life and Death. http://www.affinitiesjournal.org/index.php/affinities/article/view/82/249, 2013)

In a 2005 study of the “logos, pathos, and ethos 

AND

 locates its enemy targets in the spaces and bodies of the Global South. 

This process of ordering reduces individuals outside of the liberal homeland to bare life that can be eradicated. 

Rajaram in 2k6 (Prem Kumar, Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary, Alternatives 31, Dystopic Geographies of Empire)

Contemporary economies of colonial 

AND

 and makes known the structure of colonial power.

Security of ontology precedes epistemic considerations – different modes of thought are eliminated in the name of preservation of national existence
Burke in 2k7 (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse) *UMKC Does not endorse the gendered language 

What I am trying to describe in this essay is a complex relation 

AND

violent 'choices' will continue to be made.

Thus the Plan: The United States federal government should eliminate the War Powers Authority of the President of the United States to conduct targeted killing. 

Contention 2 Ontological Inquiry
Drones are the intersection of technological politics, warfare, and governance – only an ontological shift away from risk management can avoid militarization and mortality triage.

Wall and Monahan 11 (Tyler Wall Department of Criminal Justice at Eastern Kentucky University, Torin Monahan Vanderbilt University, “Surveillance and violence from afar: The politics of drones and liminal security-scapes,” Theoretical Criminology,  http://tcr.sagepub.com/content/15/3/239, 2011)

As surveillance and military devices, drones offer a prism 

AND

 interventions based on profiles and probabilities.

We are not policy-makers – the advocacy of the plan is a devastation of thinking that allows us to confront the terror created by Americanism’s drive for pure security through technology – only this essential thinking allows for the revealing of Being in the unworld of technology whose ontological closure condemns us to an evil worse than death.

Mitchell 5 (Andrew J. Mitchell, Post-doctoral Fellow in the Humanities at Stanford University at the time of writing, current Associate Professor of Philosophy at Emory, “Heidegger and Terrorism,” Research in Phenomenology 35, p 182-215)

Heideggerian thinking 

AND

 security we do not too obstinately squelch them.

Evaluate ontology first – failure to prioritize ontological inquiry is tantamount to a “loss of Being” which impoverishes understanding while locating social-political-educational institutions as isolated from their natural context and eliminating an authentic relationship to Being – destroying value to life. 

Magrini 12 (J.M., Professor at the College of DuPage – Illinois, Worlds Apart in the Curriculum: Heideger, Technology, and the Poietic Attunement of Literature, Educational Philosophy and Theory, Volume 44, Issue 5, Pages 500-521, July 2012)

Writing in 1927, Heidegger uses the 

AND

 about our lives in impoverished ways. 

This exclusion is a depliticization of difference that precludes alternative political configurations and causes structural violence against those beyond the liberal political consensus. 

Peterson, Jenny H. (2012) Creating Space for Emancipatory Human Security: Liberal Obstructions and the Potential of Agonism. International Studies Quarterly, doi: 10.1111/isqu.12009 © 2012 International Studies Association

Despite the conceptual and normative value 

AND

opportunities for emancipation, might be achieved.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas Bevens-Miller | Judge: Moore
Plan: The United States federal government should amend the War Powers Resolution to prohibit targeted killing under the war powers authority of the President of the United States.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 2 | Opponent: Trinity RS | Judge: Harris
1AC
Advantage 1 is Drone Proliferation -  Scenario 1 is Norms
Now is key to set drone use norms – inaction collapses norms on the use of force.
(Whibley 13)
James, received a M.A. in International Relations from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, February 6th, 2013 "The Proliferation of Drone Warfare: The Weakening of Norms and International Precedent," Georgetown Journal of International Affairs,journal.georgetown.edu/2013/02/06/the-proliferation-of-drone-warfare-the-weakening-of-norms-and-international-precedent-by-james-whibley/

While drone advocates such as Max Boot argue 

possessing such a program would be terrifying.

The plan is key to norm enforcement – status quo risks anything goes policies.
(Bashir 2012)
Omar S., is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Politics at Princeton University and a graduate of the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT, September 24th, 2012, "Who Watches the Drones?" Foreign Affairs,www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138141/omar-s-bashir/who-watches-the-drones

Further, the U.S. counterterrorism chief 

AND

drone campaigns would reveal their disregard for humanitarian concerns. 

Empirics prove norm-setting behavior in arms races.
(Farley 2011)
Robert, assistant professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, Over the Horizon: U.S. Drone Use Sets Global Precedent, October 12, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/10311/over-the-horizon-u-s-drone-use-sets-global-precedent

Is the world about to see a "drone race" 

AND

a touch more attention to the precedent they're setting.

US precedent triggers Chinese drone use in territory disputes.  
(Bodeen 2013)
Christopher; writer for the Huffington Post; China’s drone program appears to be moving into the offensive; Huffington Post; 5/3. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/03/china-drone-program_n_3207392.html. 

Determined to kill or capture a murderous Mekong River drug lord, 

AND

India, meanwhile, says Chinese troops have set up camp almost 20 kilometers (12 miles) into Indian-claimed territory.

That triggers China-Japan war that draws in the U.S.
Panda 10/22 (Ankit, researcher at the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination at Princeton University, “Japan to Shoot Down Foreign Drones”, The Diplomat, 10/22/13)

Japan’s Defense Ministry has received approval 

AND

in defending the islands. This includes a scenario involving China.

Miscalculation causes US-China nuclear escalation.
(Fisher 2011)
Max , foreign affairs writer and editor for the Atlantic, MA in security studies from Johns Hopkins, Oct 31 2011, "5 Most Likely Ways the U.S. and China Could Spark Accidental Nuclear War,"http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/10/5-most-likely-ways-the-us-and-china-could-spark-accidental-nuclear-war/247616

Neither the U.S. nor China has any interest in 

AND

like the Soviet mishaps of the 1980s -- is exactly what makes them so dangerous.

Scenario 2 Multilateralism
US drone strikes destroy confidence in norms-based multilateral frameworks.
(Shah 2010)
Shah, Sikander Ahmed, Professor of Law and Policy, LUMS University, Lahore, Pakistan. "War on Terrorism: Self Defense, Operation Enduring Freedom, and the Legality of US Drone Attacks in Pakistan." Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. 9 (2010): 77.

One must analyze the significance and legality of 

AND

a closer inspection of the issue does highlight a more convoluted state of affairs. 

Causal studies prove this wrecks US authority.
(Loomis 2008)
Andrew Joseph, Doctor of Philosophy in Government. Leveraging legitimacy in securing US leadership: Normative dimensions of hegemonic authority. ProQuest, 2008.

Norms of obligation that have been established by 

AND

extent to which norm violations in fact cause secondary state defection.

US institutional leadership is key to stop great power wars – no alternatives.
(Kromah 2009)
(Lamii Moivi Kromah, Department of International Relations University of the Witwatersrand, February 2009, “The Institutional Nature of U.S. Hegemony: Post 9/11”, http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/7301/MARR2009.pdf)

A final major gain to the United States from 

AND

national security is impossible without a broad measure of international security.5

Congressional action key to international modeling.
Maxwell 2012 (Mark David Maxwell, Colonel, Judge Advocate with the U.S. Army, TARGETED KILLING, THE LAW, AND TERRORISTS, Joint Force Quarterly, http://www.ndu.edu/press/targeted-killing.html, Winter 2012)

The weakness of this theory is that it is not 

AND

eschews what gives a state its greatest safety: the rule of law.  

Advantage 2 is Pakistan 

Drone strikes destroy focus violence on Pakistani government and destroy US-Pakistan relations.  
(Boyle 2013)
Michael J; Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Political Science @ LaSalle University; The costs and consequences  of drone warfare; International Affairs 89: 1 (2013) 1–29; http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf; HD.  

The escalation of drone strikes in Pakistan 

AND

some  (but not all) of whom were motivated by revulsion over drone strikes.98  

Pakistan’s stability is on the upswing from Sharif’s election and economic reform – investments prove.
Inman 1/3 (Daniel, Wall Street Journal Reporter that covers markets across Asia, “Daring Investors Brave Pakistan Market,” http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303640604579297743767054958, 01/03/2013)

The catalyst in Pakistan was the election 

AND

month earnings—a common valuation measure used by stock analysts.

Drone strikes fracture the Pakistan army, triggers loose nukes and militant takeover.
(Aslam 2011)
M.W; Department of Politics, University of Surrey, A critical evaluation of American drone strikes in Pakistan: legality, legitimacy and prudence; Critical Studies on Terrorism - Volume 4, Issue 3, 2011 pages 313-329; 

The drone attacks and the Pakistani government's 

AND

its National Assembly (Cloughley 2011). 

Militant takeover triggers indo-pak war.
(Sharma 2012)
Dr. Ashok, professor of political science at the University of Auckland, “The Enduring Conflict and the Hidden Risk of an India-Pakistan War” 

The Indo-Pak nuclear rivalry, for all intents and purposes

AND

such as China and the United States, cannot be denied.

It’s high probability – expert consensus agrees that mounting tensions make 2014 a flashpoint.
(Overdorf 2013)
Jason, Overdorf covers India for GlobalPost. Overdorf has spent most of the past 15 years living and working in Asia. He worked as an editor with Dow Jones Newswires in New York, Singapore and Hong Kong before moving to New Delhi and becoming a freelance writer in 2002. He was a frequent contributor to the Far Eastern Economic Review until 2004, covering Indian politics, society and business. Since 2004, he has been a special correspondent at Newsweek International, where he writes on a wide range of topics. He has covered Sonia Gandhi's surprising electoral victory, the ongoing problem of Hindu fundamentalism, the simmering conflict with Maoist rebels, and societal changes resulting from India's meteoric economic growth.  He's written for the Atlantic Monthly and the Asian Wall Street Journal. His travel articles, personal essays and political commentary have appeared in Smithsonian Magazine, Departures, Travelers' Tales and other publications.  He has degrees in English literature and creative writing from Columbia University, Washington University and Boston University.“Analysis: Are India and Pakistan headed for war? Under heavy shelling, Kashmir is again set to stymie the Indo-Pak peace process. And the risks are mounting” Citing Experts at the Woodrow Wilson Center, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/war/conflict-zones/130814/analysis-are-india-and-pakistan-headed-war 

“This is a sad reality of India-Pakistan relations —

AND

lead to escalation,” Kugelman said. “And that's a scary thought.”

Plan

Plan: The United States federal government should amend the War Powers Resolution to prohibit the offensive use of remotely piloted aircraft for targeted killing under the war powers authority of the President of the United States. 

Solvency ?
War powers resolution is key to check the executive and should be amended to ban offensive use of drones.
(Patera in 12)
(John, Hamline Journal of Public Law and Policy, “CURRENT PUBLIC LAW AND POLICY ISSUE: War Powers Resolution in the Age of Drone Warfare: How Drone Technology has Dramatically Reduced the Resolution's Effectiveness as a Curb on Executive Power”, 33 Hamline J. Pub. L. and Pol'y 387)

Critics may argue that the Resolution 

AND

gives presidents the freedom to rely on new technologies to skirt its strictures.

Tech advances make self-restraint fail
(Druck 2012)
Judah A, JD Candidate, Cornell Law School; DRONING ON: THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION AND THE NUMBING EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN WARFARE; Cornell Law Review. SSRN. November 15. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2185743

Naturally, some have argued that an unchecked 

AND

as it becomes easier to enter into “hostilities.”

Tournament: Weber RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: CSUF BS | Judge: R Cheek
Contention one is The Ontology of Drones
Despite Obama’s White Paper drone strikes continue – on December 12th, a wedding procession was determined to be a “continuing and imminent threat to the American people.”
Mazetti et al 12/20 (Mark Mazetti Pulitzer Prize Winning Journalist and security correspondent since 2006, Robert Worth New York Times Contributor, Shauib al-Mosawa New York Times Contributor, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/21/world/middleeast/yemen-deaths-raise-questions-on-new-drone-policy.html?pagewanted=2and_r=0andhpandpagewanted=all, 12/20/2013)

In some respects, … cooperate with Americans. 

Drone strikes are the latest manifestation of technic ontology that seeks to administer Being – through ethnographic mapping, scientific discourses, and claims of precise targeting, the U.S. creates a praxis of war that naturalizes the colonial subjugation of the Global South.
Vasko 13 (Timothy Vasko received his B.A. and his M.A. from the University of Victoria in Political Science and Cultural, Social, and Political Thought.  He is currently a Ph.D candidate at Johns Hopkins University in Political Science., Solemn Geographies of Human Limits: Drones and the Neocolonial Administration of Life and Death. http://www.affinitiesjournal.org/index.php/affinities/article/view/82/249, 2013)

In a 2005 study … of the Global South. 

The ordering process based on ethnographic observations made by drones reinforces the ontological distinction between the Liberal Homeland drones must protect and the network of infinite danger in the Global South, which reduces individuals outside of the homeland to bare life for eradication.
Rajaram in 2k6 (Prem Kumar, Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary, Alternatives 31, Dystopic Geographies of Empire)

Contemporary economies of … structure of colonial power.

This exclusion is a depliticization of difference that precludes alternative political configurations and causes structural violence against those beyond the liberal political consensus.
Peterson, Jenny H. (2012) Creating Space for Emancipatory Human Security: Liberal Obstructions and the Potential of Agonism. International Studies Quarterly, doi: 10.1111/isqu.12009 © 2012 International Studies Association

Despite the conceptual … emancipation, might be achieved.

The Drone’s ability to reduce American casualties and so called collateral damage while maximizing destructive force against “militants” reinforces the ontology of security that precludes questioning and makes war and escalation inevitable.
Burke 7 (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse)

This essay develops … but their own substance'. 21

Thus, David and I advocate a rejection of targeted killing using drones as a devastation of thinking. 

Contention two is Interrogation
Drones are the intersection of technological politics, warfare, and governance – only an ontological shift away from risk management can avoid militarization and mortality triage.
Wall and Monahan 11 (Tyler Wall Department of Criminal Justice at Eastern Kentucky University, Torin Monahan Vanderbilt University, “Surveillance and violence from afar: The politics of drones and liminal security-scapes,” Theoretical Criminology,  http://tcr.sagepub.com/content/15/3/239, 2011)

As surveillance and … on profiles and probabilities.

This devastation of thinking allows us to confront the terror created by Americanism’s drive for pure security through technology – only this essential thinking allows for the revealing of Being in the unworld of technology whose ontological closure condemns us to an evil worse than death.
Mitchell 5 (Andrew J. Mitchell, Post-doctoral Fellow in the Humanities at Stanford University at the time of writing, current Associate Professor of Philosophy at Emory, “Heidegger and Terrorism,” Research in Phenomenology 35, p 182-215)

Heideggerian thinking is a … too obstinately squelch them.

Evaluate ontology first – failure to prioritize ontological inquiry is tantamount to a “loss of Being” which impoverishes understanding while locating social-political-educational institutions as isolated from their natural context and eliminating an authentic relationship to Being – destroying value to life.
Magrini 12 (J.M., Professor at the College of DuPage – Illinois, Worlds Apart in the Curriculum: Heideger, Technology, and the Poietic Attunement of Literature, Educational Philosophy and Theory, Volume 44, Issue 5, Pages 500-521, July 2012)

Writing in 1927, Heidegger … in impoverished ways.

Tournament: Weber RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: North Texas Anderson-Kersch | Judge: Peters
Aff was the same as round 2 but with this plan text:

The United States federal government should eliminate the War Powers Authority of the President of the United States to conduct targeted killing.