Tournament: UNT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Missouri State Hackett-Stevick | Judge: Cancro
The President of the United States should engage in prior and binding consultation with a committee of the members of Congress outlined in Senate bill 2 of the 101st United States Congress on authorization for restricting the WPA of the president by amending the War Powers Act of 1973 to include the offensive use of drones into the definition of “hostilities” and include a clause to require preauthorization of drone strikes exceeding two per month in any territory.
Counterplan solves – genuine consultation with a congressional committee is key to effective congressional oversight and limits on the President’s War Powers – creates bipartisanship avoids the link to politics

Hamilton 9 (Lee, is a president and Director, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars  “In Wartime, Congress Must Step Up to Check President” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/ondemand/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.playandmediaid=A3FC0DCE-F255-B3AB-51052203E6486F7B AnthonyOgbuli) 

After more than two centuries, debates over the war-making powers of the
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trust and cooperation on the crucial issues when the country goes to war.  
Plan causes interbranch conflict over the plan undermines wartime decision-making, and forces circumvention – turns the Aff
Lobel 8—Professor of Law @ University of Pittsburgh Jules Lobel, “Conflicts Between the Commander in Chief and Congress: Concurrent Power over the Conduct of War,” Ohio State Law Journal, Vol. 69, 2008, pg. 391

The critical difficulty with a contextual approach is its inherent ambiguity and lack of clarity
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over the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution. Pg. 407-409

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Robb-Murphy | Judge: Robinson
Text: The President of the United States should issue an Executive Order committing the executive branch to Solicitor General representation and advance consultation with the Office of Legal Counsel over decisions regarding the targeted killing authority of the president.
The Department of Justice officials should counsel the president restrict targeted killing authority in a non-international armed conflicts to individuals who are members of organized armed groups of a non-state party engaged in hostilities.
The Executive Order should also require written publication of Office of Legal Counsel opinions.
The CP is competitive and solves the case - OLC rulings don’t remove authority but are binding precedent.
Morrison, 10
Trevor, Professor of Law, Columbia Law School, STARE DECISIS IN THE OFFICE OF LEGAL COUNSEL, “STARE DECISIS IN THE OFFICE OF LEGAL COUNSEL,” Columbia Law Review, October 2010, 110 Colum. L. Rev. 1448, Lexis
On the other hand, an OLC that says "yes" too often is
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House is remote and does not meaningfully threaten the effective bindingness of OLC's decisions

Tournament: UNT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Houston Alexander-Bates | Judge: Mathis
Text: grand Jirga is resolved: United States Federal Government should restrict authority of President of United States to conduct targeted killing in Pakistan.

Contention One – It Competes

a) functionally –- there is a functional distinction –- words affect policy and function to bring about geopolitical change -- so changing words changes the function
Congressional Research Service Report for Congress 06 (“Statutory Interpretation: General Principles and Recent Trends,” 3/30, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/97-589.pdf, dbm)

A basic principle of statutory interpretation is that courts should “give effect, if
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enlargement” of the statute rather than “construction” of it.64

b) textually – excludes the word “the” – textual competition checks infinite regression to the worst counterplans which short-circuit clash with the aff and decrease topic-specific education

Contention Two – The Net Benefit

a) The distinction is not trivial – these littlest details determine our everyday language, the definite article “the” before United States federal government fixes identity to a cartographic inscription of the state
Thrift ‘2 Nigel, prof of geography @ U of Bristol, “Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical Thought”, p383-385

Let us finally come to one more arena: the arena of words. After
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practices and their attendant territorializations within which geopower ferments and sometimes boils over.

b) This desire to formulate binaries results in the perpetual annihilation of alterity – this turns case by creating self-fulfilling prophecies
Campbell 98 (David, prof of international politics @ U of Newcastle, Writing Security, p.49-51)

In fostering an evangelism of fear, with death as its impetus and salvation as
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, succumbing in the process to the temptation to treat difference as otherness.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Robb-Murphy | Judge: Robinson
Immigration reform will pass and political capital is the key  
Kludt, 1/3
http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entry/report-obama-to-make-push-for-immigration-reform¶ TPM LiveWire¶ Report: Obama To Make Push For Immigration Reform This Month¶ Tom Kludt 7:11 AM EST, Thursday January 3, 2013 ¶
President Barack Obama is prepared to use his political capital to pursue immigration reform this
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, without worrying about a majority of the majority," the aide said.¶ 

AND Obama is guaranteed to fight the plan regardless of them using the fed courts – kills capital
Epps 13
(Garrett, Feb 16, “Why a Secret Court Won't Solve the Drone-Strike Problem,” The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/02/why-a-secret-court-wont-solve-the-drone-strike-problem/273246/)

Professor Stephen I. Vladeck of American University has offered a remedy to this problem
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, systematic review of secret drone killings must come inside the executive branch.
Comprehensive reform key to heg and econ—(green highlighting)
Gittelson ‘9 (Citation: 23 Notre Dame J.L. Ethics and
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experience in dealing with the immigration issues that are challenging our country today. 

To begin, the myth that CIR is bad for our national security assumes that
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can say that CIR could enhance our physical security through an economic stimulus.
Extinction
Barnett 11 (Thomas P.M., Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis and Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” March 7, CMR)

Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads
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the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Robb-Murphy | Judge: Robinson
Courts gut presidential flex – triggers the internal link to credible warfighting
Yoo 13
John, professor of law at UC Berkeley, Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise Institute, June 19, Fox News, “Hiding behind judicial robes in the battle over national security” http://www.aei.org/article/foreign-and-defense-policy/defense/hiding-behind-judicial-robes-in-the-battle-over-national-security/

And this is where conservatives should be concerned. Until the 1978 FISA, presidents
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will further distort our founding document's original design to fight and win wars.
Extinction
Johson 6
Karlton, Army War College, “Temporal and Scalar Mechanics of Conflict Strategic Implications of Speed and Time on the American Way of War,” http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a449394.pdf

The U.S. Army War College uses the acronym “VUCA” to
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with rigor and discipline in order to understand their far-reaching implications.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Houston Alexander-Bates | Judge: Mathis
The affirmative’s participation in the process of reforming capital without changing its basic structure allows everyone to feel as though they are ‘doing something’ when in fact, nothing structural is ever changing at all – only specific manifestations. Actions that seem like ‘a step in the right direction’ are nothing more than a placebo.
Marc Weeks, and Frederic Maurel,
(“Voyages Across the Web of Time; Angkarn, Nietzsche and Temporal Colonization, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, September 1st, 1999 )
Angkarn is referring here to a repetition of sounds, a cyclicity which may or
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effect in the culture of speed, of "movement for movement's sake".

Exploitation of the working class, extermination, nuclear war, and planetary extinction is inevitable under capitalism.
Callinicos,’04
DIRECTOR OF THE CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN STUDIES AT KING?S COLLEGE
ALEX,THE REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS OF KARL MARX, 2004 PG. 196-197
Capitalism has not changed its spots. It is still based on the exploitation of
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.’ If Marxism is correct, then we must act on it.
Text: The alt is to reject the 1AC and to engage in historical materialism.
Historical materialism is the key internal to the revolution. You need a revival of historical materialism to reveal the multiple contradictions within Capitalism to collapse it. All we have to win is that you have the ethical obligation to support the question the material world.
Palmer '96 - Canada Research Chair in Canadian Labour History and Canadian Studies @ Trent University (Bryan D., "Old Positions/New Necessities: History, Class, and Marxist Metanarrative," in "In Defense of History," Ed. by E. Meiskins Wood and John Foster, p.65-72, RG)
In the words of David Harvey: Postmodernism has us accepting the reifications and partitionings
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"Those who cannot defend old positions will never conquer new ones."

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Robb-Murphy | Judge: Robinson
The Aff begins with a speech from the privileged position of the phallocentric economy.  Their 1ac forgets to discsuss the original starting point of social relations which is the subjugation of the feminine
Irigaray ‘4
(Luce, femme fatale An ethics of sexual difference pg. 10-11)
In order to distance oneself, must one be able to take?  To speak
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to the power of the maternal-feminie which he diminishes or destroys.

The forgetting of sexual difference invites the worst genocide in history.   We must recognize our historical place and move beyond the phallocratic roles that structure our society.  This is crucial to overcoming the murderous divides among populations
Irigaray 91 - French feminist, philosopher linguist cultural theorist
(Luce, “Equality or Different?” in the Irigaray Reader edited by Margaret Whitford pg. 32-33)
Demanding equality, as women, seems to me to be an erroneous expression of
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mutation, in which life is in danger for a variety of reasons.

Vote negative to reject the politics of aff and in order to inhabit the silence of the 1ac- our alternative begins with sexual difference as the point of departure from the dominate culture- this is crucial to avoiding the erasure of feminine subjectivity of the aff and the squo – our alternative solves 100 of the aff because ending the exploitation of women is crucial to recasting the social order
Franks 3 - doctoral candidate oxford university
(Mary Anne, Obscene Undersides: Women and Evil between the Taliban and the United States Hypatia 18.1)
In This Sex Which is Not One (1985) Irigaray allows herself to imagine
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fighting back in ways that the West is not yet able to recognize.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wyoming Dilldine-McFarland | Judge: Elliott
AFF’s attempts at legal constraint is oriented to the past making them inherently reactive and limit the potential for non-legal responses.
Vermeule and Posner, 11
Adrian Vermeule, prof of Law at Harvard University Law School, Eric A Posner., prof of Law at the University of Chicago Law School, Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic, Oxford University Press 2011
Our thesis is that these modifications to liberal legalism fail. Either they do not
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way to improve upon it, under the conditions of the administrative state.

This enables the worst forms of liberal violence and racism.
Dossa ‘99
Shiraz, Department of Political Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, “Liberal Legalism: Law, Culture and Identity,” The European Legacy, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 73-87,1
No discipline in the rationalized arsenal of modernity is as rational, impartial, objective
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liberal law but the juridically and humanly inferior Other, the perpetual foreigner.

The alternative is to reject the AFF and endorse political, rather than legal restrictions on Presidential war powers authority.
Goldsmith, 12
Jack, Harvard Law School Professor, focus on national security law, presidential power, cybersecurity, and conflict of laws, Former Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense, Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, March 2012, Power and Constraint, p. 205-209
DAVID BRIN is a science-fiction writer who in 1998 turned his imagination to
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thus accountability to) actors inside and outside the presidency much more extensive.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Robb-Murphy | Judge: Robinson
Interpretation-Presidential war power is derived from statutory authorization--Authority is power delegated to an agent
Kelly 03 judge for the State of Michigan
JOSEPH ELEZOVIC, Plaintiff, and LULA ELEZOVIC, Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Appellee, v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY and DANIEL P. BENNETT, Defendants-Appellees/Cross-Appellants., No. 236749, COURT OF APPEALS OF MICHIGAN, 259 Mich. App. 187; 673 N.W.2d 776; 2003 Mich. App. LEXIS 2649; 93 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 244; 92 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1557, lexis)
Applying agency principles, a principal is responsible for the acts of its agents done
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be delegated in carrying out the principal's business." Id. at 1348.

Presidential authority comes from executing the laws that Congress enacts; Congress can revoke that authority
Hawkins et al 05  professor of law at Brigham Young,
Darren, Delegation Under Anarchy: States, International Organizations, and Principal-Agent Theory,  http://mjtier.people.wm.edu/papers/INTRO20HLNT20July2031.pdf
The relations between a principal and an agent are always governed by a con-
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principals, actors must both grant and have the power to revoke authority.  

Authority must have a statutory basis
Words and Phrases 04  (Volume 4a, Cumulative Supplement Pamphlet, p. 275)
U.S.N.Y. 1867.  Under the federal judiciary act
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. 258, 6 Wall. 258, 18 L.Ed. 829

Tournament: UNT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Missouri State Hackett-Stevick | Judge: Cancro
Restriction means prohibition
Corpus Juris Secundum 31
Volume 54, p. 735
RESTRICT:
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to restrain without bounds.

Authority is power delegated to an agent
Kelly 3 - judge for the State of Michigan
(JOSEPH ELEZOVIC, Plaintiff, and LULA ELEZOVIC, Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Appellee, v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY and DANIEL P. BENNETT, Defendants-Appellees/Cross-Appellants., No. 236749, COURT OF APPEALS OF MICHIGAN, 259 Mich. App. 187; 673 N.W.2d 776; 2003 Mich. App. LEXIS 2649; 93 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 244; 92 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1557, Lexis)
Applying agency principles, a principal is responsible for the acts of its agents done
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be delegated in carrying out the principal's business." Id. at 1348.
 “In the area” means all of the activities
United Nations 13
(United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty, http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part1.htm)
PART I¶ INTRODUCTION¶ Article 1
Use of terms and scope¶
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the resources of the Area;

Tournament: UNT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wyoming Dilldine-McFarland | Judge: Elliott
Targeted killings and drones are distinct – drones are a weapon’s tech.
Anderson 13
(Kenneth, a professor of international law at American University and a member of the Task Force on National Security and Law at the Hoover Institution, “The Case for Drones” Commentary Magazine, June, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/download/pdfs/article-135-06-0-14-16448.pdf?a=16448, JL)

This feature of Predators and Reapers—the two ¶ forms of drones really at
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seen most dramatically in the Bin Laden raid by the ¶ Navy SEALs.