Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 1 | Opponent: Arizona State Chotras-Rajan | Judge: Tews
Plan
Plan: The Unites States Congress should amend the Authorization for the Use Military Force to restrict the president’s targeting authority in a non-international armed conflicts to individuals who are members of organized armed groups of a non-state party engaged in hostilities.
ADV – Restraint
Drone tech is inevitable but how they are used is a function of political will – US action is the key internal link to controlling the future of drone warfare.
Farley, 11
Robert, assistant professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, Over the Horizon: U.S. Drone Use Sets Global Precedent, World Politics Review, 10-12-11, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/10311/over-the-horizon-u-s-drone-use-sets-global-precedent
Is the world about to see a "drone race" among the United States
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policymakers should perhaps devote a touch more attention to the precedent they're setting.
Specifically US practices ignore international norms of proportionality and distinction undermining the very nature of restraint in international law.
ICG, 13
International Crisis Group, Drones: Myths and Reality in Pakistan, Asia Report, no. 247, May, 2013, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?lng=enandid=164796
President Obama, has argued that “there is nothing in international law … that
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, and they are entitled to defend themselves before a court of law.
US must act now to lock in norms and a legal framework or risk gutting the entire system of international law – checks on the executive are key.
Brooks, 13
Rosa, professor at Georgetown University, Bernard L. Schwartz Senior Fellow at the New America Foundation, The Constitutional and Counterterrorism Implications of Targeted Killing Testimony Before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Human Rights April 23, 2013
Right now, the United States has a decided technological advantage when it comes to
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them to justify the killing of dissidents, rivals, or unwanted minorities?
And – China models US drone usage – restraints are key to creating new norms
CBS News, 13
China emerges as new force in drone warfare, May 3, 2013, http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57582699/china-emerges-as-new-force-in-drone-warfare/
Chinese aerospace firms have developed dozens of drones, known also as unmanned aerial vehicles
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There needs to be agreement on what the limits are," he said.

Chinese drone adventurism leads to miscalc over the Senkakus – U.S. gets drawn in
Brimley, 13
Shawn, vice president of the Asia Program at the Center for a New American Security, The Drone War Comes To Asia, http://hrana.org/articles/2013/09/the-drone-war-comes-to-asia/
Without a doubt, China’s drone adventure 100-miles north of the Senkakus was
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political leadership, these technologies could very well lead the region into war.
Escalates to extinction
Strait Times, 2k
CHING CHEONG – SENIOR JOURNALIST @ THE STRAIT TIMES, NO ONE GAINS IN A WAR OVER TAIWAN, JUNE 25, LEXIS
THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war escalating into a
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should that come to pass, we would see the destruction of civilization.

Conflict is likely – drones lower the bar for aggressive behavior on both sides.
Parker, 13
Richard, NY TIMES, Pilotless Planes, Pacific Tensions, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/13/opinion/drones-and-the-rivalry-between-the-us-and-china.html?smid=go-shareand_r=1and
This exercise is the beginning of a new chapter in military history: autonomous
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fully understand, and so are all the more likely to fall into.

Lack of checks on US executive influences global drone policy and makes accidental war inevitable.
Dowd, 13
Alan, writes on national defense, foreign policy, and international security. His writing has appeared in multiple publications including Parameters, Policy Review, The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, World Politics Review, American Outlook, The Baltimore Sun, The Washington Times, The National Post, The Wall Street Journal Europe, The Jerusalem Post, and The Financial Times Deutschland, Drone Wars: Risks and Warnings, Parameters, 42(4), Winter Spring, 2013, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Issues/WinterSpring_2013/1_Article_Dowd.pdf
If we argue that drone pilots are not in the battlespace, which seems reasonable
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spawned a new era of danger for the United States and its allies.
Leads to collapse of deterrence and all conflicts go nuclear
Boyle, 13
Michael, Assistant Professor of Political Science at La Salle University, The costs and consequences of drone warfare, International Affairs, 89:1, http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf
The emergence of this arms race for drones raises at least five long-term
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legal architecture which might avert some of the worst consequences of their use.
Indo-Pak war is the greatest threat of nuclear extinction.
Chaffin, 11
Greg, Research Assistant at Foreign Policy in Focus, July 8, 2011, “Reorienting U.S. Security Strategy in South Asia,” online: http://www.fpif.org/articles/reorienting_us_security_strategy_in_south_asia
The greatest threat to regional security (although curiously not at the top of most
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lead to all-out war between the two that could quickly escalate.

ADV - Pakistan
Targeting low-level militants drives anti-American sentiment and undermines counter-terrorism in Pakistan.
Hamid, 13
Moshin, Pakistan: Why Drones Don’t Help, NY Review of Books, May, 23, 2013, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2013/may/23/pakistan-why-drones-dont-help/?pagination=false
The report from Stanford and NYU highlights research separately conducted by Reuters and by the
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. The country must be responsible for dealing with its own extremist groups.
And – despite promises strikes will continue.
Mazetti, 13
Mark, Despite Administration Promises, Few Signs of Change in Drone Wars, NYT, August 2, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/03/us/politics/drone-war-rages-on-even-as-administration-talks-about-ending-it.html?pagewanted=all
WASHINGTON — There were more drone strikes in Pakistan last month than any month since
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Pakistan,” Mr. Zenko said, “or Yemen for that matter.”
Lack of congressional restrictions undermines Pakistani government credibility risking a violent coup.
Khan, 8-29
Muhammed, PhD scholar in international law in University of Salzburg, The Drone Dilemma, Pakistan Today, 8-29-13, http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2013/08/29/comment/columns/the-drone-dilemma-2/
During his first term, President Obama launched more than six times as many drone
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be committing a political suicide which might even turn into a bloody revolt. 

Ending the targeting of low-level operatives key to cooperation and legitimacy of the government – prefer our comparative evidence.
Boyle, 13
Michael, Assistant Professor of Political Science at La Salle University, The costs and consequences of drone warfare, International Affairs, 89:1, http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf
The extent to which the Obama administration has targeted lower-ranked operatives is not
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Al-Qaeda and strengthened local insurgent forces challenging the Yemeni government.53

The plan is the CRUCIAL step in undermining hardliners – focus on principles of distinction and proportionality are key.
ICG, 13
International Crisis Group, Drones: Myths and Reality in Pakistan, Asia Report, no. 247, May, 2013, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?lng=enandid=164796
The lack of candour from the U.S. and Pakistan governments on the
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oversight by the Senate and House Armed Services Committees and appropriate judicial review.
Pakistan state collapse guts the global economy and draws every major nation into a nuclear world war 3.
Walayat, 10
Nadeem, 20 years experience of trading derivatives, portfolio management and analysing the financial markets, including one of few who both anticipated and Beat the 1987 Crash, Pakistan Collapse Could Trigger Global Great Depression and World War III, The Market Oracle, January 16, 2010, http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article16543.html
During 2009 the 2600 terrorist attacks resulted in the number of deaths soaring to more
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as the 1930's Great Deflationary Depression ultimately resulted in the Second World War.
Economic collapse causes war, miscalc and terror.
Royal, 10
Jedediah, Director of Cooperativ e Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.
Solvency
ONLY Congressional oversight is the key internal link to credible rules of the road and international norms. Presidential action leaves the door open to unstrained unilateralism.
Maxwell, 12
Mark David, a Judge Advocate with the U.S. Army, TARGETED KILLING, THE LAW, AND TERRORISTS FEELING SAFE?, National Defense University, 64:1, 1st quarter, 2012, http://www.ndu.edu/press/targeted-killing.html
In order to alleviate both of these quandaries, Congress must step in with legislative
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what gives a state its greatest safety: the rule of law. JFQ

Codifying TK standards is key to establishing a clear legal precedent in a time when norm are in flux.
Twomey, 13
Laura, Trinity College Dublin, Setting a Global Precedent: President Obama's Codification of Drone Warfare, Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative law, March 14, 2013, http://www.cjicl.org.uk/index.php/cjicl-blog/setting-a-global-precedent-president-obamas-codification-of-drone-warfare
It is clear that, as the first State to deploy remote targeting technology in
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warfare, a model which lacks a clear enemy and a demarcated battlefield.

Precedents set by the president are only perceived domestically and don’t restrain future administrations.
Eland, 13
Ivan, Director of the Center on Peace and Liberty at The Independent Institute. Dr. Eland has spent 15 years working for Congress on national security issues, including stints as an investigator for the House Foreign Affairs Committee and Principal Defense Analyst at the Congressional Budget Office, Dangerous Precedent of Drone Wars, The Consortium News, June 4, 2013, http://consortiumnews.com/2013/06/04/dangerous-precedent-of-drone-wars/
Prior to the 2012 election, President Barack Obama told aides that he wanted to
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expansive Bush/Obama “war on terror” as their unfortunate precedent.