Tournament: 2013babyjo | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johnson County Community College Secor-Maichel | Judge: Weitz
Guantanamo won’t be closed now – legal blocks
CRS 13 Michael John Garcia, Jennifer K. Elsea, R. Chuck Mason, Edward C. Liu, are all Legislative Attorneys, submitting “Closing the Guantanamo Detention Center: Legal Issues” to the Congressional Research Service, 30 May 2013; http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R40139.pdf

In January 2009, President
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perhaps for the foreseeable future.

Advantage 1: Torture

Guantanamo detainees are being brutally tortured by guards
Center for Constitutional Rights, ‘06 “Report on Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment of Prisoners at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba”

The government deliberately chose Guantánamo
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indefinite detention at Guantánamo.

Torture is a systematic oppression that kills agency and value to life. It’s a technique of perpetual dying.
Wolfgang 1999 (German Philosopher, Anthropologist- professor at Universities of Gottingen and Erfurt. Sofsky, "The endurance of impotence: The dynamics of persecutory violence," International Psychoanalysis Newsletter,)

The prisoners will be incarcerated or put into camps
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a universum of unparalleled destructivity

Dehumanization brings society to total damnation. The concentration camp is the brutal aftermath of this oppression. 
Fasching 1993   Professor of Religious Studies in the University of South Florida Darrell J., Part II of The ethical challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima: Apocalypse or Utopia?, Chapter 4 "The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima to Technological Utopianism", part 4 "The Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima: From Sacred Morality to Alienation and Ethics", Ebooks

Although every culture is inherently utopian
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with unquestioning obedience.

Dehumanization outweighs all – it’s the Fifth Horseman of the Apocalypse?
Montagu and Matson 83 – Esteemed Scientist and Writer; and Professor of American Studies at University of Hawaii Ashley and Floyd, The dehumanization of man

The contagion is unknown to science
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of course, is dehumanization.

Dehumanization destroys the value to life and outweighs all calculable impacts
Berube 97 – Professor of Communication Studies and Associate Director of NanoScience and Technology Studies at University of South Carolina David M., “NANOTECHNOLOGICAL PROLONGEVITY: The Down Side,” http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/faculty/berube/prolong.htm

This means-ends dispute is at the core of
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dehumanization is evil's most powerful weapon.

Advantage 2: Human Rights

US Human Rights Credibility Low Now
Shattuck, CEO of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation and a lecturer on U.S. foreign policy at Tufts University, ‘08 Shattuck, 2008, American Bar Association, “Restoring U.S. Credibility on Human Rights, http://www.americanbar.org/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights_vol35_2008/human_rights_fall2008/hr_fall08_shattuck.html,” 7/9/13, AR 

Among the many challenges facing you from
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trusted to act responsibly in the world.”

Force feeding violates detainees’ rights to humanity
Barclay and Nauziunas July, 2013 (Eliza Barclay and Jessica Naudziunas “ Why Doctors Oppose Force-Feeding Guantanamo Hunger Strikers” July 11,2013http:www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/07/10/200751527/why-doctors-oppose-force-feeding-guantanamo-hunger-strikers)

Cori Crider, a civil rights lawyer
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them human, which is choice."

Force feeding unconscionable, U.S. must address issues that led to detainee protest
Ferguson, O’kane and Pilkington July 2013 ( Ben Ferguson, Maggie O’Kane and Ed Pilkington in New York, The Guardian Sunday 7 July 2013.“Obama urged to halt Ramadan force-feeding at Guantanamo: Islamic leaders call on administration to rethink policy towards hunger-striking detainees during religious fasthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/08/obama-urged-halt-ramadan-guantanamo/print) 

To mark the beginning of Ramadan
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have led to this protest."

Now is key to set the global standard for human rights protection
Suzanne Nossel 12 is executive director of Amnesty International USA, "Time for a Reset on Human Rights," 11-7-12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/11/07/time_for_a_reset_on_human_rights?page=0,1, DOA: 7-22-13, Y2K

In 2008, Barack Obama's election
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a kill list of its own.

US is key to global human rights protection-~--indefinite detention undermines US credibility.
William F. Schulz 9 is Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress, "The Future of Human Rights: Restoring America’s Leadership," www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/10918.pdf, DOA: 7-23-13, y2k

What has been far more
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and obedience into duty." 

National security and human rights are inextricably linked- protection of human rights would enhance global and national security
Burke-White, Deputy Dean and Prof. of Law at University of Pennsylvania, 2004 William W, expert on international law and global governance, served in the Obama Administration from 2009-2011, 2004, “Human Rights and National Security: The Strategic Correlation” Harvard Human Rights Journal. Vol. 17. https://www.law.upenn.edu/cf/faculty/wburkewh/workingpapers/17HarvHumRtsJ249(2004).pdf, Accessed 7/9/13- JM

For most of the past fifty years
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enhance U.S. and global security. 

International aggression is initiated by states with poor human rights for its citizens- empirically proven
Burke-White, Deputy Dean and Prof. of Law at University of Pennsylvania, 2004 William W, expert on international law and global governance, served in the Obama Administration from 2009-2011, 2004, “Human Rights and National Security: The Strategic Correlation” Harvard Human Rights Journal. Vol. 17. https://www.law.upenn.edu/cf/faculty/wburkewh/workingpapers/17HarvHumRtsJ249(2004).pdf, Accessed 7/9/13- JM

Soon after the September 11, 2001
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make the United States more secure.

Foreign policy based on human rights would prevent abusive States from obtaining WMDs
Burke-White, Deputy Dean and Prof. of Law at University of Pennsylvania, 2004 William W, expert on international law and global governance, served in the Obama Administration from 2009-2011, 2004, “Human Rights and National Security: The Strategic Correlation” Harvard Human Rights Journal. Vol. 17. https://www.law.upenn.edu/cf/faculty/wburkewh/workingpapers/17HarvHumRtsJ249(2004).pdf, Accessed 7/9/13- JM

Since 1990, a state’s domestic
AND
Chechnya, Tibet, and elsewhere. 

Human rights and human dignity are key to preventing inevitable nuclear apocalypse. Only when we justify revoking a person’s human dignity can we justify nuclear annihilation
Fasching 1993 (Darrell J., Professor of Religious Studies at University of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima, Pp. 1-3)

The story of Babel is a tale for our times.
AND
but also between religious and secular ethics.

Human rights protection prevents extinction
Annas et al ‘02 Edward R. Utley Prof. and Chair Health Law @ Boston U. School of Public Health and Prof. SocioMedical Sciences and Community Science @ Boston U. School of Medicine and Prof. Law @ Boston U. School of Law George, Lori Andrews, (Distinguished Prof. Law @ Chicago-Kent College of Law and Dir. Institute for Science, Law, and Technology @ Illinois Institute Tech), and Rosario M. Isasa, (Health Law and Biotethics Fellow @ Health Law Dept. of Boston U. School of Public Health), American Journal of Law and Medicine, “THE GENETICS REVOLUTION: CONFLICTS, CHALLENGES AND CONUNDRA: ARTICLE: Protecting the Endangered Human: Toward an International Treaty Prohibiting Cloning and Inheritable Alterations”, 28 Am. J. L. and Med. 151, L/N

The development of the atomic bomb
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exists or is on the horizon.

Thus the plan,

The United States Congress should pass legislation that creates a requirement that the executive begin prosecution of terrorism suspects in federal district courts.

Solvency

The United States should try suspects in federal district courts and transfer individuals to US facilities
PHR 11 (Physicians for Human Rights, "Punishment Before Justice: Indefinite Detention in the US," www.judiciary.senate.gov/resources/transcripts/upload/022912RecordSubmission-Franken.pdf)

The United States government must
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facilities in the United States.

Federal courts are more legitimate than military trials – international credibility
Hathaway and Adelsberg et al 13 (Oona, Samuel, Spencer Amdur, Philireya Pitts, and Sirine Shebaya, "The Power to Detain Detention of Terrorism Suspects After 9/11," Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 38: Issue 123, www.yjil.org/docs/pub/38-1-hathaway-the-power-to-detain.pdf)

Federal courts are also generally
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widely regarded as legitimate.

Congressional action solves – creates a credible regime that moderates the risk of our counterterrorism operations.
Prieto 9 (Daniel, Council on Foreign Relations, “War About Terror: Civil Liberties and National Security After 9/11”, February 2009, http://pubs.mantisintel.com/Civil_Liberties_WorkingPaper.pdf, RSR)

It is true that U.S. citizens
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of both detention and surveillance.

Federal prosecution can be used to end indefinite detention, gather intel, and convict terrorist suspects – successful al-Awlaki mission proves
Finn 13 (Peter, 4/8, The Washington Post, "A template emerges for prosecuting terror suspects," www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/04/08/world/a-template-emerges-for-prosecuting-terror-suspects/#.Ue_03Y21Fsk)

Aboard the USS Boxer, somewhere
AND
a witness in other prosecutions.

Tournament: UTD-Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor Bacon-Boor | Judge: Moore
Contention 1 is The Kingdom of Biopower

First, An archeological criticism requires that we move away from the impression that sovereign exceptionalism suddenly irrupted from the Bush administration after 9/11, and acknowledge the fact that it has constantly haunted the deepest depths of U.S. history.
Mullin 13 (“Resisting the other of the ‘war on terror’: lessons from Japanese internment camps?” Corinna Mullin 20 February 2013-Assistant Professor in International Relations at the University of Tunis and Research Associate in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). Her current research focuses on the dynamic relationship between the Arab revolutions and international relations, focusing in particular on: legacies of western intervention in the region, the role of international actors in transitional justice)

And indefinite detention centers are made possible by the sovereign’s declaration of the state of exception. These detention centers produce bare life mirroring the exceptionalism of the sovereign authority to commit violence without consequence.
Munster 04 ?(Van Munster-Rens, University of Southern Denmark Department of Political Science Senior Researcher. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law. The War On Terrorism: When The Exception. Pg 141-153. {Shoell}) *Gender modified

The detainee is utilized by the state to create a distinction between those lives it must manage and protect, and those it can kill.
Pease 03 (Donald E., the Avalon Foundation Chair of the Humanities at Dartmouth College. "The Global Homeland State: Bush’s Biopolitical Settlement." Duke University Press, boundary 2 30.3 (2003) –Veeder)
And indefinite detention centers are vanishing points maintained through the intersections of biopower and sovereign power.. Revealing the different mechanisms of power that constitute these spaces of exception is the first step to opposing them.
Gregory 07 (Derek, Professor of Geography at the University of British Columbia, "Vanishing Points: Law, Violence and Exception in the Global War Prison," From: Violent Geographies: Fear, Terror and Political Violence, ISBN: 041595147)IAA

The state justifies continual expansions in power by appealing to the need to deal with the exceptional circumstances of indefinite detention.
Pease 03 (Donald E., the Avalon Foundation Chair of the Humanities at Dartmouth College. "The Global Homeland State: Bush’s Biopolitical Settlement." Duke University Press, boundary 2 30.3 (2003) –Veeder)

And focusing on singular instances of indefinite detention misses the boat-we have to analyze the apparatuses that have produced and sustained the power to detain
Gergory 07 (Derek, Professor of Geography at the University of British Columbia, "Vanishing Points: Law, Violence and Exception in the Global War Prison," From: Violent Geographies: Fear, Terror and Political Violence, ISBN: 041595147)IAA

And finally, we recognize that sovereign exceptionalism is not bound to the limits of indefinite detention-Drone discourse is another case in which sovereign exceptionalism has become the ‘rule’
Mullin ‘13 (“Resisting the other of the ‘war on terror’: lessons from Japanese internment camps?” Corinna Mullin 20 February 2013-Assistant Professor in International Relations at the University of Tunis and Research Associate in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). Her current research focuses on the dynamic relationship between the Arab revolutions and international relations, focusing in particular on: legacies of western intervention in the region, the role of international actors in transitional justice)

ROB
The Role of the Ballot for this debate is to vote for the team whose methodology best critically problematizes exceptionalism and biopower.

Contention 2: The Raiders of Exceptionalism

The Affirmative’s archaeological criticism reveals the extra discursive formations at work in maintaining the state of exception and production of bare life
Neal ‘06 ?(Dr Andrew Neal Senior Lecturer Politics and International Relations, School of Social and Political Science University of Edinburgh Foucault in Guantánamo: Towards an Archaeology of the Exception http://sdi.sagepub.com/content/37/1/31.full.pdf) *Gender modified

The aff represents an archaeological tracing of indefinite detention and exceptionalism.  Our articulation of places, people, deployment and diffusion of power and discourses of exception is never complete or fixed, but this inability for completion is precisely what makes our method the most appropriate response to formulations of power, the creation of bare life, and indefinite detention
Neal ‘06, lecturer – security studies – University of Birmingham, (Andrew, “Foucault in Guantanamo: Towards and Archaeology of the Exception,” Security Dialogue 37:31, p. 44-6)

And, privilege our analysis over the technologies of risk that mirror the logic of the exception and have empirically created a permanent state of war.
Munster ‘04 ?(Van Munster-Rens, University of Southern Denmark Department of Political Science Senior Researcher. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law. The War On Terrorism: When The Exception. Pg 141-153. {Shoell})?

Sovereign violence is maintained at individual decisions, not just the state determining inclusion/exclusion, but micro-level decisions about who should be included in our calculations in the first place?
Tagma ‘09 (Halit Mustafa, Department of Political Science at ASU.  "Homo Sacer vs. Homo Soccer Mom: Reading Agamben and Foucault in the War on Terror." Alternative: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec. 2009). Pg. 415-418 –Veeder)?*Gender Modified

The state of exception prevents effective discussion by causing people to internalize the norms held by those in power-this means there is no impact to debate because we simply repeat popular opinion. Challenging the state of exception is the only way to revitalize discourse
Henderson 10 (Laura M., PhD candidate at the department of legal theory at the Vrije Universiteit, . Amsterdam, masters  of law from Utrecht University, her masters thesis won multiple prizes, current editor for multiple journals. "Conceptualizing state of emergency thinking:A theory of discourse and hegemony," July 23rd, 2010. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstractid=1666660 pp. 35-36 –Veeder)

Finally, don’t let our opposition fall into a textual black hole. Framework is the symbolic equivalent of the physical violence exercised by the state to silence its captives. Instrumental debate alienates citizens from the political sphere ensuring biopolitical control. Vote aff to resist Sovereign exceptionalism.
Kulynych ’97 Jessica J. Kulynych, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Winthrop University, Winter 1997, “Performing Politics: Foucault, Habermas, and Postmodern Participation,” Polity, Vol. 30 No. 2, pg 315