Tournament: Ndt | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northwestern McCarty-Pei | Judge: Allsup, Feldman, Turner
The affirmative’s institutional challenge to sovereignty is anthropocentric—warfare emerges from a complex network of human and nonhuman actants that elude juridical restrictions.

Grove ‘8
Jairus Grove. Professor of IR at University of Hawaii. 2008. Becoming War. http://becomingwar.blogspot.com/2008/03/chapter-1-schmittian-century-from.html.

The going under ... cause or inventor.

Anthropocentrism is foundational to institutionalized violence—the animal-industrial complex makes a perpetual warfare on animals inevitable in factory farms and medical laboratories

Nocella ‘13
Anthony Nocella. Professor of Education at Hamline University. 2013. Animals and War: Confronting the Military-Animal Industrial Complex. Pages 128-133, 141-144.

Even Mohandas Gandhi, ... coneptions of “normalcy.”

Anthropocentrism reduces the nonhuman to a state of permanent unfreedom—gratuitous violence must be given an ontological priority when weighing impacts
?
Pugliese ‘13
Joseph Pugliese. Associate Professor of Cultural Studies at Macquarie University, Sydney. 2013. State Violence and the Execution of the Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of Torture, Black Sites, Drones. Pages 166-170. *Gender Modified

The CIA black ... be lived through.’

Vote negative to reject anthropocentrism in favor of a demand for the abolition of all warfare—situating critique at the military-animal industrial complex is necessary for broader liberation  

Salter ‘13
Colin Salter. Faculty of Arts at University of Wollongong. 2013. Animals and War: Confronting the Military-Animal Industrial Complex. Pages 1-9.

At its core, ... military-animal industrial complex.

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northwestern McCarty-Pei | Judge: Allsup, Feldman, Turner
The affirmative’s institutional challenge to sovereignty is anthropocentric—warfare emerges from a complex network of human and nonhuman actants that elude juridical restrictions.

Grove ‘8
Jairus Grove. Professor of IR at University of Hawaii. 2008. Becoming War. http://becomingwar.blogspot.com/2008/03/chapter-1-schmittian-century-from.html.

The going under ... cause or inventor.

Anthropocentrism is foundational to institutionalized violence—the animal-industrial complex makes a perpetual warfare on animals inevitable in factory farms and medical laboratories

Nocella ‘13
Anthony Nocella. Professor of Education at Hamline University. 2013. Animals and War: Confronting the Military-Animal Industrial Complex. Pages 128-133, 141-144.

Even Mohandas Gandhi, ... coneptions of “normalcy.”

Anthropocentrism reduces the nonhuman to a state of permanent unfreedom—gratuitous violence must be given an ontological priority when weighing impacts
?
Pugliese ‘13
Joseph Pugliese. Associate Professor of Cultural Studies at Macquarie University, Sydney. 2013. State Violence and the Execution of the Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of Torture, Black Sites, Drones. Pages 166-170. *Gender Modified

The CIA black ... be lived through.’

Vote negative to reject anthropocentrism in favor of a demand for the abolition of all warfare—situating critique at the military-animal industrial complex is necessary for broader liberation  

Salter ‘13
Colin Salter. Faculty of Arts at University of Wollongong. 2013. Animals and War: Confronting the Military-Animal Industrial Complex. Pages 1-9.

At its core, ... military-animal industrial complex.

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northwestern McCarty-Pei | Judge: Allsup, Feldman, Turner
If impacts are calculated by multiplying probability times magnitude, then every probability of an infinite impact register as infinite – This breaks down rational risk calculus
Kessler ‘8  Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld,   “From Insecurity to Uncertainty:  Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives  33 (2008), 211-232 

The problem of ... assessed with relative certainty.   

Fiat Debate Has Become Like “The Boy Who Cried Wolf”
Every Round Brings a New Extinction Event.
This Endless Repetition of Banal Apocalypse  Increases Public Cynicism and Elite Control.
Randals, 2k9.
Samuel, Department of Geography at the University College London  with Marieke de Goede, Department of European Studies at the University of Amsterdam and “Precaution, preemption: arts and technologies of the actionable future.”  Environment and Planning. 27: . pp.  859-878

Politics We have argued ...from media sensationalism. 

RESONATING through flows of affect and knowledge
Their abstract risk calculus backfires, undermining political responsibility in the face of threat.
Kinsella 2010 William J. Kinsella, Assoc Prof Communication at NC State University,
“Risk communication, phenomenology, and the limits of representation” Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies 2 (2) pp. 267–276

 Despite movements towards ... and bear risks.   

Voting negative explores the gaps in 1AC knowledge.
Learning to respond to uncertainty is a prerequisite to policy deliberation that RESONATES as engagement

Hart, 2k7. Reciprocal Revelation: Toward a Pedagogy of Interiority, Tobin Hart, Professor of Psychology Co-founder and President of the Child Spirit Institute University of West Georgia, Journal of Cognitive Affective Learning, 3(2) (Spring 2007), 1-10. Oxford College of Emory University. 1549-695 https://www.jcal.emory.edu//viewarticle.php?id=83andlayout=html, JP Miller

With most topics, there ... genuinely met today?

Affective management key to drone targeting
Gregory 2011
Derek Gregory is Peter Wall Distinguished Professor at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. “From a View to a Kill : Drones and Late Modern War” ?Theory Culture Society 2011 28: 188

The kill-chain can ... extremely seriously (Lindlaw, 2008).18

Risk assessment is epistemologically biased towards white male elites who discount the severity of everyday localized violence in destroying marginalized populations.

Verchick ‘96
Robert, Assistant Professor, University of Missouri -- Kansas City School of Law. J.D., Harvard Law School, 1989, “IN A GREENER VOICE: FEMINIST THEORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE” 19 Harv. Women's L.J. 23

Because risk assessment ... from its practice. 

Instead of weighing plan, hold the 1AC scholarship accountable for how they frame knowledge production – Vote negative for a moment of DISSENSUS
This is NOT a wholesale rejection of policymaking, but a MOMENT of interruption — Our value critiques cannot be contested in the 1AC’s framework.

Metzger 2011 Metzger J, 2011, "Neither revolution, nor resignation: (re)democratizing contemporary planning praxis: a commentary on Allmendinger and Haughton's "Spatial planning, devolution, and new planning spaces"" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 29(2) 191 – 196, JP Miller

The building of ... dominant corporatist interests.

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northwestern McCarty-Pei | Judge: Allsup, Feldman, Turner
If impacts are calculated by multiplying probability times magnitude, then every probability of an infinite impact register as infinite – This breaks down rational risk calculus
Kessler ‘8  Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld,   “From Insecurity to Uncertainty:  Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives  33 (2008), 211-232 

The problem of ... assessed with relative certainty.   

Fiat Debate Has Become Like “The Boy Who Cried Wolf”
Every Round Brings a New Extinction Event.
This Endless Repetition of Banal Apocalypse  Increases Public Cynicism and Elite Control.
Randals, 2k9.
Samuel, Department of Geography at the University College London  with Marieke de Goede, Department of European Studies at the University of Amsterdam and “Precaution, preemption: arts and technologies of the actionable future.”  Environment and Planning. 27: . pp.  859-878

Politics We have argued ...from media sensationalism. 

RESONATING through flows of affect and knowledge
Their abstract risk calculus backfires, undermining political responsibility in the face of threat.
Kinsella 2010 William J. Kinsella, Assoc Prof Communication at NC State University,
“Risk communication, phenomenology, and the limits of representation” Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies 2 (2) pp. 267–276

 Despite movements towards ... and bear risks.   

Voting negative explores the gaps in 1AC knowledge.
Learning to respond to uncertainty is a prerequisite to policy deliberation that RESONATES as engagement

Hart, 2k7. Reciprocal Revelation: Toward a Pedagogy of Interiority, Tobin Hart, Professor of Psychology Co-founder and President of the Child Spirit Institute University of West Georgia, Journal of Cognitive Affective Learning, 3(2) (Spring 2007), 1-10. Oxford College of Emory University. 1549-695 https://www.jcal.emory.edu//viewarticle.php?id=83andlayout=html, JP Miller

With most topics, there ... genuinely met today?

Affective management key to drone targeting
Gregory 2011
Derek Gregory is Peter Wall Distinguished Professor at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. “From a View to a Kill : Drones and Late Modern War” ?Theory Culture Society 2011 28: 188

The kill-chain can ... extremely seriously (Lindlaw, 2008).18

Risk assessment is epistemologically biased towards white male elites who discount the severity of everyday localized violence in destroying marginalized populations.

Verchick ‘96
Robert, Assistant Professor, University of Missouri -- Kansas City School of Law. J.D., Harvard Law School, 1989, “IN A GREENER VOICE: FEMINIST THEORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE” 19 Harv. Women's L.J. 23

Because risk assessment ... from its practice. 

Instead of weighing plan, hold the 1AC scholarship accountable for how they frame knowledge production – Vote negative for a moment of DISSENSUS
This is NOT a wholesale rejection of policymaking, but a MOMENT of interruption — Our value critiques cannot be contested in the 1AC’s framework.

Metzger 2011 Metzger J, 2011, "Neither revolution, nor resignation: (re)democratizing contemporary planning praxis: a commentary on Allmendinger and Haughton's "Spatial planning, devolution, and new planning spaces"" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 29(2) 191 – 196, JP Miller

The building of ... dominant corporatist interests.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Emory JS | Judge: Ermo
Take the risk of in the emptiness of a world without the human—this is also a disad to the perm.

Pick 2006
Anat, senior lecturer in film and program leader for film and video: theory and practice at the U of East London, “Giorgio Agamben, The Open: Man and Animal, trans. Kevin Attell.” Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature, 5.2: Winter http://www.brynmawr.edu/bmrcl/Winter2006/Agamben.htm gender-modfied

What initially reads ... animal and man. (92) 

The question of the animal must interrupt the pluralist move of the permutation and upset the refashioned human subject.

Wolfe 2009
Cary Bruce and Elizabeth Dunlevie Prof of English at Rice University, “Human, All Too Human: “Animal Studies” and the Humanities” 124.2: March MLA pp. 564–575

As I have ... of liberal humanism (Animal 29–30).

The War on Terror is legitimated and intensified by the originary human/animal split.

Deckha ‘10
Maneesha, Associate Professor at the University of Victoria Faculty of Law in Victoria, Canada, “The Subhuman as a Cultural Agent of Violence”, Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume VIII, Issue 3, http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/JCAS-Special-Issue-Women-of-Color-November-3-FINAL-2010.pdf

While Razack is... human bodily exclusions.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Oklahoma Lee-Campbell | Judge: Awsare
Privileging linguistic agency reinforces violent dichotomies onto the nonhuman other.
Interrogating anthropocentric epistemologies should be the starting point of the round.

Bell and Russell ‘00
Anne Bell and Constance Russell. Lakehead University, Ontario. 2000. “Beyond Human, beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn”. Canadian Journal of Education 25:3. Pages 189-197.

Although we acknowledge ...
all expressive bodies (p. 80).
  
Anthropocentrism is the original and foundational hierarchy that structures all other forms of oppression.

Best ‘7
Steven, Asst Phil Prof at UT El Paso “Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust, by Charles Patterson (2002)” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 5.2 http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_7/bestpatterson.pdf

While a welcome advance ...in human form.

Vote negative to embrace your ethical imperative for Political Scholarship and Speech Against the Oppression Of Humanism. The 1AC Offers Theoretical Constructs in Search of a Political Struggle. They Are Rebels Without a Cause
Steven Best no date http://www.drstevebest.org/Essays/CrisisAndTheCrossroads.htm

Martin Luther King ...politics and society?

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Emory Adler-Bontha | Judge: McBride
Prior to the affirmative’s juridical restrictions on warfare is a species war founding the Law itself.
Permanent warfare on the nonhuman other is encoded through intraspecies pacifism. 

Wadiwel ‘9
Dinesh Wadiwel. Researcher at Hawke Research Institute for Sustainable Societies Social Policy Rsearch Group. 2009. “The War Against Animals: Domination, Law and Sovereignty”. Griffith Law Review 18.2. Pages 286-295.

In many respects, ... only barely perceptible.

Anthropocentrism is the original and foundational hierarchy that structures all other forms of oppression.

Best ‘7
Steven, Asst Phil Prof at UT El Paso “Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust, by Charles Patterson (2002)” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 5.2 http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_7/bestpatterson.pdf

While a welcome ...in human form.

Anthropocentrism reduces the nonhuman to a status of permanent unfreedom—gratuitous violence must be given an ontological priority when weighing impacts
?
Pugliese ‘13
Joseph Pugliese. Associate Professor of Cultural Studies at Macquarie University, Sydney. 2013. State Violence and the Execution of the Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of Torture, Black Sites, Drones. Pages 166-170.

The CIA black ... be lived through.’

Vote negative to embrace your ethical imperative for Political Scholarship and Speech Against the Oppression Of Humanism. The 1AC Offers Theoretical Constructs in Search of a Political Struggle. They Are Rebels Without a Cause
Steven Best no date http://www.drstevebest.org/Essays/CrisisAndTheCrossroads.htm

Martin Luther King ... a new revolution.”

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Emory JS | Judge: Ermo
Permanent warfare on the nonhuman other is encoded through intraspecies pacifism. 

Wadiwel ‘9
Dinesh Wadiwel. Researcher at Hawke Research Institute for Sustainable Societies Social Policy Rsearch Group. 2009. “The War Against Animals: Domination, Law and Sovereignty”. Griffith Law Review 18.2. Pages 286-295.

In many respects, the ...only barely perceptible.

Their ethical system is based on reciprocity. Ethics should begin the unsavable and unresponsive other.

Pick ‘11
Anat, Senior lecturer in film and program leader for film and video: theory and practice at the U of East London, Creaturely Poetics: Animality and Vulnerabilty in Literature and Film, pp. 158-162, 172

Blank gazes recur ...but "saved night."

CONTINUES

This plea for...ethics, not justice, 

The lack is only another among a plethora of criteria to center the human. 

LaCapra ‘9
Dominick, Bryce and Edith Bowmar Professor of Humanistic Studies and Director of the School of Criticism and Theory at Cornell University, History and its Limits: Human, Animal, Violence, pp. 157-9

Over time in ...certain human practices.

The alternative is to embrace extinction as a thought experiment. The global suicide of humanity is the only ethical act in the face of the immeasurable violence committed against the nonhuman.

Kochi and Ordan 2008
Tarik, Lecturer in Law and International Security at the U of Sussex, and Noam, Research in Translation Studies at Bar Ilan U, “An argument for the global suicide of humanity” borderlands, Dec http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6981/is_3_7/ai_n31524968/

In 2006 on ...standpoint in thought.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wayne State Justice-Slaw | Judge: Feldman
Democracy marks not an opening, but a violent closure of the relation between the human and animal. It cannot escape its foundational abjection—the exclusion of animality serves as the division through which all intraspecies violence is interpellated.

Wadiwel 2008
Dinesh, Adj researcher at Hawke Research Institute for Sustainable Societies Social Policy Research Group “Three Fragments from a Biopolitical History of Animals: Questions of Body, Soul, and the Body Politic in Homer, Plato, and Aristotle” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 6.1 www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_8/Wadiwel17_31.pdf

Not only does ... human animal life.

CONTINUES

If we are ... sphere of politics?

Tournament: Usc | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kansas Carey-Duff | Judge: Miller
Human rights are animal wrongs—the affirmative’s anthropocentrism turns the question of ethics into a formalized response within the law necessitating violence against the nonhuman Other 

Oliver ‘8
Kelly, Alton Jones Phil Prof at Vanderbilt, “What is Wrong with (Animal) Rights?” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy 22.3
*gender modified

This type of line-drawing ...those conditions entail.

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wayne State Leap-Messina | Judge: Bunas, Casey, Regnier
Erotic pedagogy reifies patriarchal assumptions and shuts down the possibility for organizing against capitalism.

Ebert ‘96
Teresa, Professor of English @ University of Albany, Ludic Feminism and After, p. 241-249
But such a historical materialist understanding … question how we theorize and use them. 

The transformative-ness of their pedagogy relies on a discursive understanding of power that precludes structural critiques and artificially inflates the importance of the debate space as site of resistance.

Ebert ‘95
Teresa, Professor of English @ University of Albany, “(Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism”. Post-Ality, Marxism and Postmodernism. https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/ebert.htm. 

At the core of discursive …as in the regime of heterosexuality.

Erotic pedagogy should not be the response to the violence of capitalism – It is in elite interest to maintain the system of labor extraction and resource domination. 

Cloud, (Dana, professor of rhetoric and language at UT-Austin, “The Matrix and Critical Theory’s Desertion of the Real,” p 343-5) 

. The Left is alone in rejecting the realpolitik of class. ..*What is to be done?

Against the 1AC’s call for erotic pedagogy, vote negative for revolutionary feminist pedagogy. 

This is methodologically distinct from the aff. Materialist analyses are crucial to challenging the conditions that make patriarchal neoliberalism inevitable.

Ebert, 1995
Teresa, Professor of English @ University of Albany, “(Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism”. Post-Ality, Marxism and Postmodernism. https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/ebert.htm. 

Why should this …women and determining our lives.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Emory JS | Judge: Ermo
This is INTERNAL KRITIK, sometimes known as “immanent criticism.”
We take inspiration from Jones’s description –  Not:
themes  nor straightforwardly ...previously gone unrecognized.

She continues in 2011:
Jones 2011 Emma, Dr Phil at U Oregon, SPEAKING AT THE LIMIT: THE ONTOLOGY OF LUCE IRIGARAY’S ETHICS, IN DIALOGUE WITH LACAN AND HEIDEGGER
Irigaray’s texts, according ...two different subjects” (JLI: 3). 

4 Points of method.
METHOD POINT ONE: “asks not what...and supervised practices”  That’s Jones 2000

METHOD POINT TWO: Inconsistencies are a DOUBLE EDGED SWORD.
Writing in the context of feminism, Jones notes: , “contradiction, tension and ...phallocentric accounts.’

Rather, Jones says we must: “mobilize instabilities” that have “become productive, rather than celebrated for its own sake”
…
intervening in the ... growth and development”
She continues in 2000…
 Rachel, Phil at U Dundee, Hypatia 15.2: 151-158
Blindspots and ... French women philosophers.

this imperative is lost amidst their BIG STICK impact calculus.
Perhaps the concrete political struggles of plan recipients are not enough to justify the 1AC?
Martin Leet writes: 

But the romantic ....as less important.

Why can’t we make room for the everyday obligations that actually constitute the work of politics?  
Leet continues in 2006 Senior Research at the Brisbane Institute; with Roland Bleiker “From the Sublime to the Subliminal: Fear, Awe and Wonder in International Politics” Millennium v 34
Thus, by means ... need for justification. 

METHOD POINT 4: Voting negative discerns the divisions within their project, welcoming the 1AC by setting aside its claims to solve its terminal impact.

Instead of judging them against an external standard, we test the 1AC against itself.
Pavlich notes kritik’s Etymology Opens Up to:
to judge, but...differentiate and decide

He continues:
George Pavlich 2000
Dept Sociology at University of Alberta, “NIETZSCHE, CRITIQUE AND THE PROMISE OF NOT BEING THUS . . .”International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 13: 357–375, 2000
One question: what ... all the better’.35

1NR Cards:

The 1AC mirrors the USFG strategy of “playing it safe” instead of risking an impossible choice.
Bousquet 2006
 Antoine Bousquet, Research Student IR at London  School Economics “Time Zero: Hiroshima, September 11 and Apocalyptic Revelations in Historic Consciousness” Millennium

This article considers ... of Messianic time.4
continued… 

The essential point ... continuity upon it.  

The 1AC MIRRORS the sense of historical destiny driving democratic exceptionalism
O’Donnell 04
Marcus, a part time tutor in the Journalism
program UTS School of Humanities and Social Sciences “Bring it on”: the apocalypse of George W. Bush http://possibleworlds.blogs.com/apocalyptics/files/MIA-MODApocalypseLong.pdf

The apocalyptic myth, ... of Bush’s speeches.

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard Bolman-Suo | Judge: Roberts, Taylor, Tomik
Their criticism of the totalitarian technologies embodies a desire to destroy natural Otherness that epitomize anthropocentrism  
John McClellan 1993
~http://spot.colorado.edu/~~mcclelr/NondualEcologyLight.htm~~
Liberal thinkers today admit most animals and plants, even microbes to the select company
AND
’nature’ loving deep ecologists. Us Buddhists, and Muirists, and Thoreauists.
Today’s Deep Ecology seems to regard technology as an evil force, something alien to
AND
technology, to subdue and control it, as we have nature herself.
Such a dualistic view of our world, neatly partitioned into good, pure nature
AND
a complete, ready made, flawless sacred outlook. A nondual ecology.

You are a citizen of the cosmos… one small circle of value in an intergalactic ecosystem. Measuring worth through yardsticks such as sentience or "life" only expands the circle of anthropocentrism, positioning you as a gate-keeper judging everything against the standard of humanity. You must respect the universe for its capacity to be different.

Anthony Weston, Professor of Philosophy at Elon University, 2009
~The Incompleat Eco-Philosopher P. 11-20~

We know that the challenge of ?nding an alternative to "anthro-  pocentrism"
AND
environmental philosophy, or its suc-  cessors, rise to this challenge? 

Embrace the status quo. We must affirm all of existence—even the technology that threatens our destruction.
John McClellan 1993
~http://spot.colorado.edu/~~mcclelr/NondualEcologyLight.htm~~
In the long history of life on our planet, four billion years of DNA
AND
, heart-stopping degree of acceleration, as compared with biological evolution.
No longer forced to be made of either meat or cellulose or chitin, (
AND
even revere it, even when it’s dangerous or life threatening to us.
New Life
A new form of Life has arisen on this planet, which could be called the Technobia. Its power and speed of evolution lead instantly off every scale on which we are accustomed to measure living systems. It is young, but terrifyingly, thrillingly, overwhelmingly vigorous. It is feeding on us humans, just as we feed on the plant and animal kingdoms, 

and just as they feed on the microbial kingdoms, who rest in turn on
AND
are the primeval soup our symbiotic technology partners have come to live in.
What this means is that purely biological evolution is no longer the main focus of life on this planet. It’s become a subplot, relegated in its wild forms to out of the way corners, to empty lots, roadsides, and cracks in the sidewalk of civilization. It’s been built over on top of, subsumed, in the best evolutionary style, by the techno-biotia.
So in any discussion of ecology, whenever one refers to rocks, clouds, rivers and mountains, microbes animals and plants, one should include kitchen tables, cars and computers, stuffed animals and nuclear reactors, as well as abstract symbolic systems such as mathematics and music, and belief or behavioral morphologies, including social systems, religions, culture. etc. These are all valid forms of life, if we or rocks and clouds are.
Everything That Moves-Primordial Purity
The way I see it, anything that arises on this planet is completely natural, pristine, and pure. Created by God’s spontaneous, self-arising nature, sacred. God itself. Deep ecologists reserve this level of honor for wilderness areas, asking that they be untouched by outside forces, meaning generally man or machines. But is this entire planet not a pristine, sacred wilderness? Has it ever been touched by ’outside forces’? Is not all this Gaia’s own doing?
Really Deep Ecology
The deepest ecology might not seem to be specially ’environmental’, because it doesn’t cling
AND
. Outsiders can’t help sentient beings-they don’t know what to do.
We have much to lose by entering the world of real wildness that surrounds us
AND
hopes and our hearts and our minds. We have nothing to lose.
?

Overcoming anthropocentrism is a frame of mind, NOT a quest to solve ecological destruction.  Such an attitude turns nature into a knowable object whose good we can maximize, locking us inside human-centered rationalism. We must instead affirm the radical strangness of nature, valuing even the destructive elements that threaten our existence. 

Michael Bonnett, lecturer at University of Cambridge, 2002
~The Trumpeter 18.1~

So, why recommend the move from policy to frame of mind? There are
AND
environmental issues, which frequently involve ethical, aesthetic, and spiritual sentiments.
?

The threat of nuclear destruction challenges us to overcome speciesism. You must take the next step in moral evolution, embracing your part in a cosmic dance going back billions of years.
Seed, 1995 (John, "Beyond Anthropocentrism", online)
"Anthropocentrism" or "homocentrism" means human chauvinism. Similar to sexism,
AND
more viable consciousness, one that is sustainable and in harmony with life again

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 3 | Opponent: Michigan Allen-Pappas | Judge: Munoz, Quigley, Vint
ANTHRO everything else is same as rd 1

Pollan’s dead wrong.

 St?nescu ’11 Vasile, Modern Thought and Literature at Stanford and Tykes Scholar of the Year by the Institute of Critical Animal Studies, ““Green” Eggs and Ham?” Critical Theory and Animal Liberation ed. Sanbonmatsu, 241-3

However, before I ... from an animal?”9

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Oklahoma Lee-Campbell | Judge: Awsare
And, The 1AC presumption that we can re-energize debate by starting with ourselves is a neoliberal fantasy that obscures the way our identities are coded and ordered by larger structures of power.
Panu, Assistant Professor at Laurier, 2009 Mihnea, Contextualizing Family Planning: Truth, Subject, and the Other in the U.S. Government, p.194-195

More generally, the ... openly critique liberalism.
*
This analysis aims .... Any attempt to 

recuperate an extradiscursive...subject) (Foucault 2003, 40).  

Radical strategies of visibility are part of sovereign violence. Their call for “dialogue” will be co-opted.
Forte in 2009 Maximilian C., Professor of Anthropology Montreal, May 22, “Useless Anthropology”: Strategies for Dealing with the Militarization of the Academy « ZERO ANTHROPOLOGY, http://zeroanthropology.net/2009/05/22/e2809cuseless-anthropologye2809d-strategies-for-dealing-with-the-militarization-of-the-academy/#print

One does not ... business as usual.   

Instead of trying to re-energize the public sphere, our alternative is to go off the grid. Becoming unintelligible is a more radical challenge to the historical formation of power.
Britton 99 Celia, Professor of French teaches French Caribbean literature and thought, postcolonial theory; surrealism in the Caribbean; psychoanalysis and colonialism; literature and ideology; images of community; the Nouveau Roman, Edouard Glissant and Postcolonial Theory: Strategies of Language and Resistance, pgs. 18-25 *Gender Modified  

The forest provided ... trying to suppress.   

Black suffering becomes an object to verify the affirmative’s prior theoretical commitments—the fungibility of the slave coffle readies the consumption of black bodies as academic knowledge

Hartman ‘97
Saidiya Hartman. Professor of Afican American literature and history at Columbia University. 1997. Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America. Pages 34-36.

When Lincoln encountered ... exercise of violence.

Spectacular manifestations of black suffering repeat the violence of the auction block—the affirmative’s politics trades off with an investigation into the mundane reality of violence

Hartman ‘97
Saidiya Hartman. Professor of Afican American literature and history at Columbia University. 1997. Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America. Pages 42.

The parade of s...do we see?

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Emory Adler-Bontha | Judge: McBride
Evaluate this kritik like a Topicality violation—Voting negative intervenes to establish community standards by enforcing an interpretation of how we should assemble evidence—Even if policyamking is the norm, we need procedural arguments to address issues that cannot be remedied from within the fiat game.
Oliver Kessler describes The Paradox of Risk
If the risk ... endeavor breaks down.
The PARADOX OF RISK makes predictive policy-making a free fire zone—For example the Iraq War was justified through hyped up-evidence, and gaps in causal chains were systematically ignored—The offense/defense paradigm encourages debaters to jam together every ‘plausible risk’ —As Donald Rumsfeld said, “The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence.”
Kessler continues in 2008
 Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld,   “From Insecurity to Uncertainty:  Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives  33 (2008), 211-232 

The problem of ... with relative certaity. 

B. Subpoint: Interpretation
Policy research combining causal links to reach a terminal impact should accurately represent the significance of evidence and account for clashes of assumption and context.
Lake 2011
David Lake, Prof Polsci at UC-SD, “Why “isms” Are Evil: Theory, Epistemology, and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress” International Studies Quarterly Volume 55, Issue 2, pages 465–480, June 2011
Our duty as ... bring to bear.

C Subpoint: Violation, aka The RESEARCH BLENDER
The 1AC strings together internal-links to reach an infinite impact—This paves over of clashes of context and assumptions, turning 1AC research into vacuous mush. 

David M. Berube 2000
 Associate Professor of Speech Communication and Director of Debate at the University of South Carolina. Contemporary Argumentation and Debate 21: 53-73 http://www.cedadebate.org/CAD/index.php/CAD/article/viewFile/248/232
The dead ends ... a critical lens.

D. Subpoint: Epistemic Responsibility is a voting issue— If there is any residual value to the 1AC, send them back to write a better case

First, Epistemic Responsibility is a Prior Question—They erode the research standards required to evaluate the plan and make good decisions about risk—If our interpretation is bad, it’s THEIR burden to make a counter-interpretation.

Bergerson 2006 Gender Modified*
Melissa, Prof Phil at Florida Int’l U, “ The Ethics of Belief: Conservative Belief Management” Social Epistemology 20.1: 67-78

Emphasizing the goodness... state of affairs.

Second, Communicating research standards is a prerequisite to policy-relevant scholarship—Reflection on how our academic institutions frame knowledge is epistemic prudence, NOT idle navel gazing, NOR a demand for perfect knowledge
Pierce continues in 2011
 Matthew Eagleton-Pierce, International Political Economy at the London School of Economics and Political Science “Reflexive International Relations,” Millennium March 111/113

This article advances ... of IR theorists.  

Three, ‘reject the team not the argument.’—Do NOT use use the kritik as a lens to weigh the plan—INSTEAD, your ballot must establish community standards that incentivize better practices of research and prediction.
Schliesser et al 2011
Eric Schliesser Department of Philosophy and Moral Science
Blandijnberg and Merel Lefevere Ghent University
“Private Epistemic Virtue, Public Vices: Moral Responsibility in the Policy Sciences” http://econ.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/21480/Schliesser_12122011.pdf
Of course, we... have any meaning.” 48 (Emphasis added).

Four. Voting negative is a moment of dissensus, not a whole-sale rejection of policymaking—Holding the 1AC accountable for how they frame knowledge is a prerequisite to democratic politics—Planning becomes ANTI-POLITICAL if we cannot debate the terms of our debates—This is also the ROLE OF THE BALLOT for the other kritik.
Russell et. al. 2011
“Reframing Evidence Synthesis As Rhetorical Action in the Policy Making Drama,” Recadrer la synthèse des preuves comme une mesure de pure forme dans le drame de l’élaboration de politiques, Trisha Greenhalgh and Jill Russell
Trisha Greenhalgh, Professor of Primary Health Care, University College London, London, England; Correspondence may be directed to Prof. Trisha Greenhalgh Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University College London, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585323/   @JP Miller

Whereas the technical... policy making table.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 2 | Opponent: North Texas Quinn-McCullough | Judge: Vega
THE PARADOX OF RISK
If impacts are calculated by multiplying probability times magnitude, then every probability of an infinite impact register as infinite – This breaks down rational risk calculus
Kessler ‘8  Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld,   “From Insecurity to Uncertainty:  Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives  33 (2008), 211-232 

The problem of...with relative certainty.   

Fiat Debate Has Become Like “The Boy Who Cried Wolf”
Every Round Brings a New Extinction Event.
This Endless Repetition of Banal Apocalypse  Increases Public Cynicism and Elite Control.
Randals, 2k9.
Samuel, Department of Geography at the University College London  with Marieke de Goede, Department of European Studies at the University of Amsterdam and “Precaution, preemption: arts and technologies of the actionable future.”  Environment and Planning. 27: . pp.  859-878

Politics We have ...from media sensationalism. 

Impact Calculus: Reflect on the 1AC as a Flow of Communication, meaning RESONATING through flows of affect and knowledge
Their abstract risk calculus backfires, undermining political responsibility in the face of threat.
Kinsella 2010 William J. Kinsella, Assoc Prof Communication at NC State University,
“Risk communication, phenomenology, and the limits of representation” Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies 2 (2) pp. 267–276

 Despite movements towards ... and bear risks.   

Voting negative explores the gaps in 1AC knowledge.
Learning to respond to uncertainty is a prerequisite to policy deliberation that RESONATES as engagement

Hart, 2k7. Reciprocal Revelation: Toward a Pedagogy of Interiority, Tobin Hart, Professor of Psychology Co-founder and President of the Child Spirit Institute University of West Georgia, Journal of Cognitive Affective Learning, 3(2) (Spring 2007), 1-10. Oxford College of Emory University. 1549-695 https://www.jcal.emory.edu//viewarticle.php?id=83andlayout=html, JP Miller

With most topics, ... genuinely met today?

Foreign policy-making emerges through the production of affect
Leep 2010
Matthew Coen Leep, Political Science at the University of Connecticut, 2010
“The affective production of others: United States policy towards the Israeli Palestinian conflict” 2010 45: 331 Cooperation and Conflict

Policy-makers regularly conduct ... motivations to act. 

Instead of weighing plan, hold the 1AC scholarship accountable for how they frame knowledge production – Vote negative for a moment of DISSENSUS

This is NOT a wholesale rejection of policymaking, but a MOMENT of interruption — Our value critiques cannot be contested in the 1AC’s framework.
Planning becomes ANTI-POLITICAL if we cannot debate the terms of our debates
Metzger 2011 Metzger J, 2011, "Neither revolution, nor resignation: (re)democratizing contemporary planning praxis: a commentary on Allmendinger and Haughton's "Spatial planning, devolution, and new planning spaces"" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 29(2) 191 – 196, JP Miller

The building of ... dominant corporatist interests.   

Disrupting status quo anti-politics is imperative for survival

Boggs 1997  Carl, National University, Los Angeles, Theory and Society, “The great retreat: Decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America”

The decline of  ... from civil society.

Nuclear energy is driven by frames of communication, NOT technical deliberation – their narrative of utopic redemption from universal death only breeds anxiety and long term opposition to the plan
Weart, 91. (Spencer R. Weart, Director of the Centre for History of Physics @ American Institute of Physics. “Images of Nuclear Energy: Why People Feel the Way they Do” Special Report, IAEA Bulletin, 3/1991. Online. J.Reed) 

Controversy over nuclear ... become more anxious.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Arizona State Rajan-Vered | Judge: Cheek
The PARADOX OF RISK makes predictive policy-making a free fire zone—The offense/defense paradigm encourages debaters to jam together every ‘plausible risk’ 

Kessler 2008
 Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld,   “From Insecurity to Uncertainty:  Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives  33 (2008), 211-232 

The problem of ... with relative certainty. 

Buying into the Paradox of Risk is an inherently political act.  
Voting affirmative rewards 1ACs that string together internal-links to reach an infinite impact—This paves over of clashes of context and assumptions, turning affirmative research into vacuous mush. If extinction outweighs all, then probability becomes irrelevant. 

David M. Berube 2000
 Associate Professor of Speech Communication and Director of Debate at the University of South Carolina. Contemporary Argumentation and Debate 21: 53-73 http://www.cedadebate.org/CAD/index.php/CAD/article/viewFile/248/232
The dead ends ... a critical lens.

Our only impact is the debate PEDAGOGY.
You are an educator and member of a scholarly community. Abandoning basic standards for how advocates responsibly handle evidence cedes politics to cynical war-mongering.

Anderson 2003
Anderson 3 – Lisa Anderson, Dean of the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia, former President of the Middle East Studies Association, November 2003, online: http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/871
Yet, there is ... the United States.

If debate produces portable education, then what are we learning?
Information processing skills are a double-edge sword—For example, mishandling evidence enabled serial policy disasters like the Bay of Pigs Vietnam

MITCHELL 2010
Gordon R. Mitchell 2010  Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, “Switch-Side Debating Meets Demand-Driven Rhetoric of Science” Rhetoric and Public Affairs Volume 13, Number 1, Spring 2010

Abstract
U.S. government ...Hicks's general thesis.6 End Page 96

CONTNUED…
The axiom of ... to mishandle evidence.31

 Reject the team not the argument— You canNOT use the kritik as a lens to weigh the plan because they erode the community standards required to evaluate policy— If there is any residual value to the 1AC, send them back to write a better case 

Schliesser et al 2011
Eric Schliesser Department of Philosophy and Moral Science
Blandijnberg and Merel Lefevere Ghent University
“Private Epistemic Virtue, Public Vices: Moral Responsibility in the Policy Sciences” http://econ.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/21480/Schliesser_12122011.pdf
Of course, we ... have any meaning.” 48 (Emphasis added).

Accounting for the connections between the evidence is NOT an impossible or arbitrary standard—But instead a basic requirement for linking causal accounts in the field of international politics. Ignoring these connections opens the floodgates, transforming valuable research into incoherent babble.

Katzenstein et al 2010
. Peter J. Katzenstein , Professor of International Studies at Cornell University; with Rudra Sil, Associate Professor of Political Science and Co-Director of the Huntsman Program in International Studies and Business “Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics: Reconfiguring Problems and Mechanisms across Research Traditions” Perspectives on Politics (2010), 8 : pp 411-431 p. 2

Analytic eclecticism does ... the empirical world.

Reflection on how our academic institutions frame knowledge is a prerequisite to policy-relevant scholarship, NOT idle navel gazing— Advocacy becomes ANTI-POLITICAL if we cannot debate the terms of our debates

Pierce 2011
 Matthew Eagleton-Pierce, International Political Economy at the London School of Economics and Political Science “Reflexive International Relations,” Millennium March 111/113

This article advances ...epistemology and pedagogy. 

CONTINUED… 

However, in turning ... of IR theorists.

Tournament: Usc | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kansas Carey-Duff | Judge: Miller
THE PARADOX OF RISK
If impacts are calculated by multiplying probability times magnitude, then every probability of an infinite impact register as infinite – This breaks down rational risk calculus
Kessler ‘8  Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld,   “From Insecurity to Uncertainty:  Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives  33 (2008), 211-232 

The problem of...with relative certainty.   

Fiat Debate Has Become Like “The Boy Who Cried Wolf”
Every Round Brings a New Extinction Event.
This Endless Repetition of Banal Apocalypse  Increases Public Cynicism and Elite Control.
Randals, 2k9.
Samuel, Department of Geography at the University College London  with Marieke de Goede, Department of European Studies at the University of Amsterdam and “Precaution, preemption: arts and technologies of the actionable future.”  Environment and Planning. 27: . pp.  859-878

Politics We have ...from media sensationalism. 

Impact Calculus: Reflect on the 1AC as a Flow of Communication, meaning RESONATING through flows of affect and knowledge
Their abstract risk calculus backfires, undermining political responsibility in the face of threat.
Kinsella 2010 William J. Kinsella, Assoc Prof Communication at NC State University,
“Risk communication, phenomenology, and the limits of representation” Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies 2 (2) pp. 267–276

 Despite movements towards ... and bear risks.   

Voting negative explores the gaps in 1AC knowledge.
Learning to respond to uncertainty is a prerequisite to policy deliberation that RESONATES as engagement

Hart, 2k7. Reciprocal Revelation: Toward a Pedagogy of Interiority, Tobin Hart, Professor of Psychology Co-founder and President of the Child Spirit Institute University of West Georgia, Journal of Cognitive Affective Learning, 3(2) (Spring 2007), 1-10. Oxford College of Emory University. 1549-695 https://www.jcal.emory.edu//viewarticle.php?id=83andlayout=html, JP Miller

With most topics, ... genuinely met today?

Instead of weighing plan, hold the 1AC scholarship accountable for how they frame knowledge production – Vote negative for a moment of DISSENSUS

This is NOT a wholesale rejection of policymaking, but a MOMENT of interruption — Our value critiques cannot be contested in the 1AC’s framework.
Planning becomes ANTI-POLITICAL if we cannot debate the terms of our debates
Metzger 2011 Metzger J, 2011, "Neither revolution, nor resignation: (re)democratizing contemporary planning praxis: a commentary on Allmendinger and Haughton's "Spatial planning, devolution, and new planning spaces"" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 29(2) 191 – 196, JP Miller

The building of ... dominant corporatist interests.   

Detention programs are driven by affect
Anderson 2010
Ben Anderson, Department of Geography, Durham University “Morale and the affective geographies of the 'war on terror'” Cultural Geographies 2010 17: 219 b

Affect and biopower in the ‘war on terror’
 The ‘war on terror’ ...promise, and lived condition.17

Tournament: Texas | Round: 2 | Opponent: Liberty Bobbitt-Murray | Judge: Dunn
Is the affirmative appealing to an implicit structure of recognition that entraps them in the status quo?
Grosz continues in 2005
Elizabeth A. Grosz is an Australian feminist academic living and working in the USA. She is known for philosophical interpretations of the work of French philosophers Jacques Lacan, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, as well as her readings of the works of French feminists, Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva and Michele Le Doeuff. She has mainly written on questions of corporeality and their relations to the sciences and the arts. She has held tenured positions at The University of Sydney, Monash University, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Rutgers University and Duke University.
Time Travels: Feminism, Nature, Power p. 83-89 Grosz A4

What is it ... in their essay)?

The 1AC offers a theory backed by a series of anecdotes that “slide home like a bolt.” This tames the unruly reality unleashed by the resolution, generating the comforts of understanding.
MacLure 2010 Maggie MacLure, Manchester Metropolitan University, “Qualitative inquire: where are the ruins?” http://www.esri.mmu.ac.uk/respapers/nzareRuins.pdf 

We have tried, ... not been ruinous.
?

A Negative Ballot does not require wholesale rejection—We have one foot in the 1AC while the other leaps somewhere beyond. If they have potential, send them back to write a more ruinous 1AC.
Vote negative because you do not yet know what your decision can do.
Grosz 2005
Elizabeth Grosz, Prof Gender Studies at Rutgers Time Travels: Feminism, Nature, Power p. 178-182

This cluster of ... politics and theory.

How should you respond to the 1AC?
THAT is the question you will be asking yourself as you try to decide who won this debate.
Instead of rendering a judgment on the normative desirability of the 1AC, voting negative cultivates “structures of responsiveness”—Capacities to be affected by the energies that drive new politics
McManus describes:
“the 'resonances' of... they can do.”

McManus continues in 2011
Susan, Lecturer in Political Theory at Queens U, “Hope, Fear, and the Politics of Affective Agency” Theory and Event 14.4 4… 13
Affects relating to ...inflection of affect.
?
Continued…
Utopian affective agency ... to the political.

Tournament: Ndt | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northwestern McCarty-Pei | Judge: Allsup, Feldman, Turner
Interp – Restrictions must be ex-ante
Restrictions are prohibitions -~-- the aff is supervision – that’s distinct
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf
3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include
AND
some supervision conditions, but he did not agree to restrict his license. 

Prohibitions on authority occur ex-ante, not ex-post, in the context of targeted killing
Knoepfler ‘10
Stephen, JD, “Dead or Alive: The Future of U.S. Assassination Policy Under a Just War Tradition”, NYU Journal of Law and Liberty, 5.457, p. 464
Indeed, recent memory should give us great pause. Prohibitions on government action only
AND
under both E.O. 12,333 and just war theory. 

Violation - Ex-post review only determines whether particular targeted killings exceeded authority the government already had-~--that doesn’t affect the legality of targeted killings at all  - THEIR AUTHOR  
Steve Vladeck 13, professor of law and the associate dean for scholarship at American University Washington College of Law, 2/5/13, “What’s Really Wrong With the Targeted Killing White Paper,” http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/whats-really-wrong-with-the-targeted-killing-white-paper/

Many of us wondered, at the time, just where this came from–
AND
which the perfect is the enemy of the good, this is it.