Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: Binghampton BS | Judge: Awsaree, Shree

Advocacy: We believe that, contextualized in the debate space, the resolution is part of the war against American Indians. We advocate using debate as a starting point to correct our understanding of war, in order to correct our epistemology and heal past traumas

Contention 1: Whiteness

Whiteness is an effect of inherited habit

Ahmed, 2011 (Sara, University of London "A Phenomenology of Whiteness", Sage Publications, Accessed 19 September 2011 from the Royal Institute of Technology)

Habit worlds But how does whiteness hold its place? In this section I explore
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.sagepub.com at Royal Institute of Technology on September 19, 2011

The construction of Whiteness within institutions indefinitely detains marked

Ahmed, 2011 (Sara, University of London "A Phenomenology of Whiteness", Sage Publications, Accessed 19 September 2011 from the Royal Institute of Technology)

It becomes possible to talk about the whiteness of space given the very accumulation of
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still have to inhabit whiteness, if they are to get ’in’.

Non-white bodies are consequently viewed as "disruptive", and are marked for indefinite detention

Ahmed, 2011 (Sara, University of London "A Phenomenology of Whiteness", Sage Publications, Accessed 19 September 2011 from the Royal Institute of Technology)

It can be problematic to describe whiteness as something we ’pass through’: such
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shaped by motility, and may even take the shape of that motility.

White privilege depends on the devaluation of non whites

Thompson (Audrey, "Summary of Whiteness Theory" http://www.pauahtun.org/Whiteness-Summary-1.html )
Whiteness as a Normalized Category Whiteness theory treats whiteness not as a biological category but
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as a special interest, a problem, or a form of deviance.

Contention 2: Historical Trauma

Stereotyping of American Indians Leads to Negative Self Identity

Thorn (David, "Being American" http://www.littlewolf.us/nativeidentity.html-http://www.littlewolf.us/nativeidentity.html )
An analysis of each of these actions, and the impact they have had on
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who is once again threatening the existence of the Native people is disease.

President Obama Issues Native American Apology Resolution, Not Read Aloud

Capriccioso 2010 (Rob, "A sorry saga: Obama signs Native American apology resolution; fails to draw attention to it"  http://www.indianlaw.org/node/529-http://www.indianlaw.org/node/529 )
Is an apology that’s not said out loud really an apology? What if the
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documents to remind and educate them on tribes’ historical presence and sovereign status.

Historical Trauma as a Result of Massive Group Trauma

Braveheart 1980 (Dr. Maria Yellow Horse, PhD,"Welcome to Takini’s Historical Trauma" http://historicaltrauma.com-http:historicaltrauma.com/ )
Dr. Maria Yellow Horse Braveheart, PhD, conceptualized historical trauma in the 1980’s
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and being viewed as second class; loss of governmental system and community.

Historical Trauma Result of Government Destruction of the Native Identity

Eliot (Shannon, "Native American tribal communities provide hope for overcoming historical trauma")
The key to recovery from historical trauma lies in restoring a community’s "original instructions
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one is then fully equpped to transcend the trauma, accoring to Goodsoldier.

Historical Unresolved Grief A Direct Consequence of the European Conquest

Braveheart, Duran, Johnson ("The American Indian Holocaust: Healing Historical Unresolved Grief:?Dr. Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart and Dr. Lemyra M. DeBruyn)
Abstract: American Indians experienced massive losses of lives, land, and culture from
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?racism/viewed as second class; loss of governmental system and community

Contention 3: Education

Education is Key to Overcoming Stereotypes That Perpetuate Historical Trauma

Reese 1996  (Debbie, "Teaching Young Children about Native Americans")
Stereotypes Children See Most young children are familiar with stereotypes of the Native American.
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not only about history but also about the contemporary lives of Native Americans.

Role of the ballot

The survival of the debate community requires recognizing value to epistemological accountability and social position

Valdivia-Sutherland, Professor at Butte Community College, 98
Cynthia, "Celebrating Differences: Successfully Diversifying Forensics Programs," National Communication Association’s 84th Annual Meeting.

It has been argued that forensics is (or should be) primarily an educational
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explore identities and to question cultural domination, thereby increasing acceptance of differences.