Tournament: Shirley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Western Connecticut State Pasquence-Wolff | Judge: Evans

CP: The United States Federal Government should abolish prisons, jails, and detention centers in and owned by the United States.

Only abolition can solve the prison puzzle. The current system always perpetuates crime.

Angela Davis2003are prisons obsolete p. 105
Forget about reform; it’s time to talk about abolishing jails and prisons in American
AND
as people who have committed illegal acts, as almost all of us"

The act of the imagining contained in the decision to vote negative breaks down the dominant discursive construction that legitimizes the prison industrial complex in a way that can be utilized by revolutionary politics

Gaonkar 02Gaonkar, Dilip Parameshwar¶ Toward New Imaginaries: An IntroductionPublic Culture 14.1, Winter 2002 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/public_culture/v014/14.1gaonkar02.html-Public Culture 14.1, Winter 2002 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/public_culture/v014/14.1gaonkar02.html
Within the traditional ontology of determinacy, the imaginary dimension is seen as derivative,
AND
instituting and self-understanding and becoming willing to take responsibility for it.

Voting affirmative activates a constituent power that nullifies the constituted excess of the state in terms of the prison industrial complex.

Frank 2KJason A. Frank "The Abyss of Democracy": Antonio Negri’s Democratic Theory¶ Theory 26 Event-http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_eventVolume 4, Issue 1, 2000-http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/toc/tae4.1.html~| 10.1353/tae.2000.0007
At the center of both works stands Negri’s distinction between constituent power and constituted power
AND
ontology, which has openness to difference and innovation at its very heart.
to difference and innovation at its very heart

The judge enacts the performative contradiction of democracy by acting through the state—exercise freedom by demanding a liberty that cancels itself in order to oppose the prison industrial complex that permanently and unreflectively insists on its total reason

Butler and Spivak 2010. Butler and Spivak, 2010. (Judith Butler and Gayatri Spivak, Who Sings the Nation-State? Page 66-69)
I don’t think it would be very easy to imagine Arendt singing and I’m not
AND
so that that gap is seen, so that that gap can mobilize.

Social imaginaries shape our reality; the act of creating a social imaginary shapes practice more than theory.

Taylor 02 Charles Taylor Modern Social Imaginaries Public Culture 14.1, Winter 2002 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/public_culture/v014/14.1taylor.html-http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/public_culture/v014/14.1taylor.html
I have several times used the term social imaginary in the preceding pages. The
AND
word, in the prospect of a to-be-spoken word.

RATHER THAN RISK INSERTING ONESSELF INTO THE LIBERATORY STRUCTURE ONLY TO BE OPPRESSED BY ONES OWN FAILURE, WE MUST ACCEPT THE STRATEGY OF THE MASSES. THE TYRANNY OF THE SELF THEIR PROJECT ESTABLISHES IS QUALITATIVELY WORSE THAN BEING OPPRESSED BY THE POWERS THAT BE.

Baudrillard 1993 (Jean, The transparency of evil : essays on extreme phenomena / Jean Baudrillard ; translated by James Benedict.London : New York : Verso, 1993.  P. 167-168)

At all events, it is better to be controlled by someone else than by oneself.  Better to be oppressed, exploited, persecuted and manipulated by someone other than oneself.
 In this sense the entire movement for liberation and emancipation, inasmuch as it
AND
, merely because it does not fall within the sphere of his freedom.  
 Exactly the opposite position is the one that has to be stressed, while
AND
us.  That which is Other, that which we have to seduce.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Louisville Barnett-Lattimore | Judge: Johnson

Off 2

Their focus on indefinite detention specifically ignores the way the prison-industrial complex necessitates and regularizes torture even while decrying transparent instances as mere abnormalities – their outcry gives the appearance that prisons simply need reformed

Whitmer 6 (BENJAMIN WHITMER University of Colorado, Boulder, "’Torture Chambers and Rape Roomsand’ What Abu Ghraib Can Tell Us about the American Carceral System", The New Centennial Review, Volume 6, Number 1, Spring 2006, pp. 171-194)

It is not only legislation and institutional reprisal that create the silence of American prisons
AND
liberty and human rights. Even if all evidence stands to the contrary. 

The aff’s drive to reform only locks in the link to genocide management. The aff functions humanize the prison, maintain reformism as the only response to the prison – making extinction inevitable. Within the context of prison reform specifically, the round should be judged as between competing emancipatory pedagogies.
Rodríguez 10 (Dylan – Professor and Chair of Ethnic Studies at UC Davis and a founding member of Critical Resistance, The Disorientation of the Teaching Act:  Abolition as Pedagogical Position, Radical Teacher, Number 88, Summer 2010, MUSE pg 16-17)

I have had little trouble "convincing" most students—across distinctions of race
AND
willingness to embrace this form of pedagogical audacity. ~End Page 17~

Thus we endorse an abolitionist pedagogy, only imaging a post-prison world can we epistemologically divorce ourselves from the norms of the prison-industrial complex which the aff maintains

Rodríguez 10 (Dylan – Professor and Chair of Ethnic Studies at UC Davis and a founding member of Critical Resistance, The Disorientation of the Teaching Act:  Abolition as Pedagogical Position, Radical Teacher, Number 88, Summer 2010, MUSE Pg 12-15)
A compulsory deferral of abolitionist pedagogical possibilities composes the largely unaddressed precedent of teaching in
AND
, a linkage that increasingly lays bare racism’s logical outcome in genocide.18

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas City Kansas CC Ford-Glanzman | Judge: Allsup

Off 1

====Your feeling that the debate community is in crisis is evidence that you are implicated by affect—this comes before intentional action ====
Edbauer-Rice 2008 (Jenny, Asisstant Professor of English at University of Missouri, "The New ’New’: making a Case for Critical Affect Studies" Quarterly Journal of Speech 94.2, all our evidence is race modified to replace the F-word with "attch")
However, my response would be inadequate if I stopped there. On one hand
AND
texts, justifying their shared categorical distinction as another cultural ’’study.’’

The aff makes the ballot into the key object of the debate—the ballot becomes a mechanism for delivering a message—competition is understood as a force that can change the community—but competition is itself the source of hierarchy and difference—by rooting the solution to a problem of heirarchization in more hierarchization you lock in the link—their demand for the ballot in the name for inclusion discloses the paradox between the competitive and educational aspects of debate—any model of debate has to balance competition and inclusion.

They attempt to stabilize the community when destabilization is what creates change in the first place—rather than trying to stabilize an inherently exclusive structure, we should let it fall apart.

The affs attachment to the ballot is cruel optimism—they yearn for an ideal and stable community that would exist without conflict or struggle—this yearning pacifies resistance to the source of the problem

Berlant 2006 (Lauren, Professor of Literature at the University of Chicago, "Cruel Optimism" in differences 17.3)
When we talk about an object of desire, we are really talk- ing
AND
attachment, I will describe the shape of my transference with her thought.

The impact is to turn the case, takeout solvency- and an independent trauma disadadvantage—your frame produces the revolutionary hope that debate might change but ultimately reinstitutes the same in a way that solidifies and naturalizes divisions within the debate community

Berlant 2006 (Lauren, Professor of Literature at the University of Chicago, "Cruel Optimism" in differences 17.3)
It is striking that these moments of optimism, which mark a possibility that the
AND
take the measure of the impasse of living in the overwhelmingly present moment.

And our alternative is to understand the content of the debate itself as an expression of the logic of symbolic exchange rather than exchange value—reject their crisis rhetoric—instead of viewing the debate as a referendum on Harvard, we should understand the debate as a space that refuses to be a part of the broader economy of debate—the fact that we did not read framework or other reactionary positions suggests the alternative of our performance in the debate space itself constitutes opposition to broadly problematic trends in debate

Grace 2000 (Victoria, Professor of Sociology at Canterbury University, Baudrillard’s Challenge p. 18-19)
¶ Symbolic exchange is the radical other from the economic. According to Baudrillard,
AND
absence (if one can talk in these terms), are always activated.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Louisville Barnett-Lattimore | Judge: Johnson

Off 1

Their psychological approach trades off with affect—attitudes in debate are influenced by structures of feeling that go beyond and implicate the merely psychological

Edbauer-Rice 2008 (Jenny, Asisstant Professor of English at University of Missouri, "The New ’New’: making a Case for Critical Affect Studies" Quarterly Journal of Speech 94.2, all our evidence is race modified to replace the F-word with "attch")
However, my response would be inadequate if I stopped there. On one hand
AND
texts, justifying their shared categorical distinction as another cultural ’’study.’’

The aff makes the ballot into the key object of the debate—the ballot becomes a mechanism for delivering a message—competition is understood as a force that can change the community—but competition is itself the source of hierarchy and difference—by rooting the solution to a problem of heirarchization in more hierarchization you lock in the link

This attachment to competition and investing the "loss" with meaning represents a relationship of cruel optimism to the ballot—the ballot, the source of subjectification and violence, is invested with optimism rather than productive distance

Berlant 2006 (Lauren, Professor of Literature at the University of Chicago, "Cruel Optimism" in differences 17.3)
When we talk about an object of desire, we are really talk- ing
AND
attachment, I will describe the shape of my transference with her thought.

And the psychologism of race is a link—it understands difference as something that operates independent of language—but fighting racism is not so simple as making racists go home and think about what they’ve done wrong—if that was true, the 1960s should have ended racism once and for all—instead humans are capable of rationalizing away their losses because they keep understanding the Other as "merely different" instead of "dangerously similar"

Grace 2000 (Victoria, Professor of Sociology at Canterbury University, Baudrillard’s Challenge 88-91)
Baudrillard develops his most sustained discussion of the erasure of ’Otherness’ and the proliferation
AND
absence of the other, with its ’melodramatic’ undertones of crude emotionality.
Baudrillard’s argument that racism is an artefact of the institution of difference is integrally related
AND
others) is attachised as the icon that keeps ’the subject’ different.
As the biological bases of racism are exposed as pure fallacy in theoretical and genetic
AND
perpetual extrapolation of the same from the other. (PC: 132)
’Autistic culture by dint of fake altruism’, he adds, recapturing the cultural
AND
of difference’, played out through minute variations in the order of signs.
Such a form of monstrous otherness is also the product of what Baudrillard calls an
AND
the importance of ’irreducible differences’ in the absence of a structural critique.

The impact is to turn the case, takeout solvency- and an independent trauma disadadvantage—your frame produces the revolutionary hope that debate might change but ultimately reinstitutes the same in a way that solidifies and naturalizes divisions within the debate community

Berlant 2006 (Lauren, Professor of Literature at the University of Chicago, "Cruel Optimism" in differences 17.3)
It is striking that these moments of optimism, which mark a possibility that the
AND
take the measure of the impasse of living in the overwhelmingly present moment.

And our alternative is to understand the content of the debate itself as an expression of the logic of symbolic exchange rather than exchange value—instead of viewing the debate as a referendum on difference and racism, we should understand the debate as a space that refuses to be a part of the broader economy of debate that the 1AC has critiqued—the fact that we did not read framework or other reactionary positions suggests the alternative of our performance in the debate space itself constitutes opposition to broadly problematic trends in debate

Grace 2000 (Victoria, Professor of Sociology at Canterbury University, Baudrillard’s Challenge p. 18-19)
¶ Symbolic exchange is the radical other from the economic. According to Baudrillard,
AND
absence (if one can talk in these terms), are always activated.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 7 | Opponent: Vanderbilt Bilgi-Mitchell | Judge: Stone

Off 2

Drone Strikes are down now

Walsh,New York Times,10-25-13~Declan, "Drone politics take the center stage, even as strikes decrease", http://tech.mit.edu/V133/N48/long4.html"

But now the volume has been turned up, driven by pressure from advocacy groups, news media leaks and public demands in both countries for greater transparency in the drone program — demands that come, paradoxically, at a time when the pace of U.S. drone strikes has reached its lowest ebb in five years.

Stopping indefinite detention trades off with targeted killing.

Entous 10Entous, Adam. "Special Report: How the White House Learned to Love the Drone." Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 18 May 2010. Web. 09 Aug. 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/05/18/us-pakistan-drones-idUSTRE64H5SL20100518.
By some accounts, the growing reliance on drone strikes is partly a result of
AND
what it called U.S. attacks on the group in Yemen.¶

Causes Pak and Yemen Instability – resentment and blowback

Rohde ’12(David Rohde, American author and investigative journalist for Thomson Reuters. While a reporter for The Christian Science Monitor, he won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting in 1996 for his coverage of the Srebrenica massacre. From July 2002 until December 2004, he was co-chief of The New York Times’ South Asia bureau, based in New Delhi, India. He shared a second Pulitzer Prize for Times 2008 team coverage of Afghanistan and Pakistan, While in Afghanistan, Rohde was kidnapped by members of the Taliban in November 2008, but managed to escape in June 2009 after seven months in captivity, "How Obama’s drone war is backfiring", http://blogs.reuters.com/david-rohde/2012/03/01/how-obamas-drone-war-is-backfiring/-http://blogs.reuters.com/david-rohde/2012/03/01/how-obamas-drone-war-is-backfiring/, March/April issue of Foreign Policy, March 1, 2012)

When Barack Obama took the oath of office three years ago, no one associated
AND
car wash in the Pakistani hinterlands," one official told the Associated Press.
Surprised by the vehemence of the official Pakistani reaction, National Security Adviser Tom Donilon
AND
he asked me. "I don’t think we’ve answered that question yet."

Pakistan collapse causes nuclear war

Pitt ’9(William, a New York Times and internationally bestselling author of two books: "War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn’t Want You to Know" and "The Greatest Sedition Is Silence.", "Unstable Pakistan Threatens the World," http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=article26cat=commentary26article=2183-http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=article26cat=commentary26article=2183, May 8, 2009)

But a suicide bomber in Pakistan rammed a car packed with explosives into a jeep
AND
to be gravely serious about addressing the situation. So should we all.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wayne State BS | Judge: Smith

Thesis is wrong—Agamben moves in the wrong direction about deactivation of the law—Guantanamo operates as a lightning rod away from other systemic violences

Johns 2005 (Fleur, Lecturer at the University of Sydney. "Guantanamo Bay and the Annihilation of Exception")
In arguing against Agamben and others that the experience of the exception anticipated by Schmitt
AND
and insistence upon the conduit or vessel-like status of executive authority.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wayne State BS | Judge: Smith

Butler’s critique of vulnerability exposes her reliance on Eurocentric humanism

Scheuller 2009 (Mahani, Professor of English at the University of Florida, "Decolonizing Global Theories Today" in Interventions 11.2)
This vulnerability, Butler argues, is constituted and emphasized through¶ recognition, a
AND
national policy as subject (mentioned¶ earlier) and the ’human’ subject

Colonial thought inscribes genocidal risk and rapeability onto all bodies—only the critique accesses the 1AC impacts by working at the level asking what counts as a body as opposed to working at the level of body management

Maldonado-Torres 2008 (Nelson, Professor of Ethnic Studies at UC-Berkeley, Against War p. 216-223
For Dussel, the phenomenology of the "21 conquer" helps to clarify the constitutive
AND
with which this book opened.¶ ————F¶ I I¶ I21

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: Semis | Opponent: UNI SS | Judge: DeLong, Henry, Layton

1NC Sems Wayne

The Battle of Bittle Lig Horn 1NC

By focusing on the American reaction to the events of September 11^th the affirmative recenters and reifies a binary colonial relationship, propping up Western epistemologies that pay attention to a recent past rather than emphasizing the trans-linear character of violence

Mignolo 2009 (Walter, Professor of Humanities at Duke, Theory, Culture, 26 Society 26.7/8, "Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and De-Colonial Freedom")
The introduction of geo-historical and bio-graphical configurations in processes of knowing
AND
and puts himself or herself in a privileged position to evaluate and dictate.

The Agambenian elision of the colonial element in the speaking position of contemporary post-structural and European theory suggests an active act of forgetting of founding genocide—it is a refusal to talk—this card is so good it is a link of WOAH21MISSION

Colatrella 2009 (Stephen, Leftist activist and author, multiple peer reviewed published works, "Nothing Exceptional: Against Agamben" in Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, vol.9. no.1)
Primitive accumulation, enclosure and expropriation ¶ Three omissions will serve to help us see
AND
instance, be of some ¶ help in thinking about our problems today?

And Butler’s critique of vulnerability exposes her reliance on Eurocentric humanism

Scheuller 2009 (Mahani, Professor of English at the University of Florida, "Decolonizing Global Theories Today" in Interventions 11.2)
This vulnerability, Butler argues, is constituted and emphasized through¶ recognition, a
AND
national policy as subject (mentioned¶ earlier) and the ’human’ subject

Colonial thought inscribes genocidal risk and rapeability onto all bodies—only the critique accesses the 1AC impacts by working at the level asking what counts as a body as opposed to working at the level of body management

Maldonado-Torres 2008 (Nelson, Professor of Ethnic Studies at UC-Berkeley, Against War p. 216-223
For Dussel, the phenomenology of the "21 conquer" helps to clarify the constitutive
AND
with which this book opened.¶ ————F¶ I I¶ I21

The alternative we present begins with a narrative of how newspapers reported on The Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876. What most people presume is that this narrative is well worn and homespun but what this 1NC asks is: what if its not?

From the New York Times, in 1876:

Washington, July 6. - The news of the fatal charge of Gen.
AND
the charge has scarce a parallel in the history of civilized or savage warfare

The evidence not only praises only the masculine (and warlike) Indian People, but also reproduces in language of "excitement" and the awe associated with a "huge column" a certain attachment to phallic mastery. Here the phallus are not the destroyed twin cocks of finance but instead an imagined phallus that will have always already solved the "Indian problem" in the future anterior. Today we find an America victimized but then we found an America that thought itself capable of avoiding victimization

And this gendered and imperial analysis of the old newspaper accounts solves homonationalism better than the aff—and the permutation steals native perspectives because it can’t sever the links

Morgensen 2010 (Scott, assistant professor of gender studies at Queens University, "Settler Homonationalism" in GLQ 16.1-2)
What would it mean for U.S. queers to confront their settler formation
AND
where the powers of sexuality and settlement together can be interrogated and transformed.

Vote negative— de-linking begins without generating authority from European intellectual and subjective positions—this means rejecting their authority to speak—genocide results from anything short of total de-linking

Mignolo 2007 (Walter, semiologist and professor of Humanities at Duke University, "DELINKING: THE RHETORIC OF MODERNITY, THE LOGIC OF¶ COLONIALITY AND THE GRAMMAR OF DE-COLONIALITY" http://www.ceapedi.com.ar/imagenes/biblioteca/libros/20.pdf-http://www.ceapedi.com.ar/imagenes/biblioteca/libros/20.pdf)
If modernity is understood essentially as a European phenomenon, then the¶ "emancipation
AND
-logical to¶ the Ego-logical politics of knowledge and understanding.

AND putting the words "settler colonialism" in your tags doesn’t absolve you. The literature you choose to read is not grounded in this history. Your attempt to whitewash the real representations of your discourse is an after thought and does nothing but strengthen the link.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wayne State BS | Judge: Smith

Turn—critique locates responsibility for violence in structures not individuals—perpetuates bare life

LaCapra, humanistic studies professor @ Cornell, 2007 158-159
(Dominique, Sovereignty 26 Life, Ed. Calarco and DeCaroli)

A crucial reason Agarnben believes the Muse21mann invalidates all previous ethics and notions
AND
the "experiment" that Agamben seeks to replicate in his own way.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northern Iowa Ave-Evans | Judge: Henry

Framework

Our interpretation:

1. the Affirmative must have an advocacy statement that defends topical action

2. You should assume the current political environment, it’s essential for disad link and uniqueness ground, utopian transitions are not predictable, or educational about how the real world works, we also lose solvency takeouts, which makes it impossible for the neg to outweigh utopia.

3. You have to defend the consequences of the plan and the post fiat world.

4. Action outside the resolution is extra-topical; that’s a voter because it kills our ability to prepare, exploding our research burden, we can’t use PICs to test extra-topical planks, and it steals our ground.

5. Participation should not be resolved by the ballot.  You affirm the resolution, not an ideology.  Debate is competitive, not a search for enlightenment, which means that we’re forced to clash with each other even on positions we agree with. No reason you can’t sing the blues outside of this round and then have the actual competition afterwards.

B. OUR INTERP IS BETTER AND A VOTER-

Subpoint A – Theory

1) Predictability: non-literal interpretations of the topic make the resolution functionally meaningless.  The resolution becomes porous and loses its ability to serve as a guide for neg research.  

2) Kills neg ground- lack of plan makes it impossible to have competitive counterplans or test the merits of the particular outcome of the aff advocacy.  Disadvantages to plan are based on the current circumstances – allowing affs to change their time implementation destroys all relevant disadvantage ground.

3) Moving target- without a stable plan text, the affirmative can dodge our 1nc by reinterpreting what their advocacy is, plan focus is essential for stable and fair division of ground.

4) This isn’t a policy good argument, this is a debate good argument. Their advocacy destroys debate.

Subpoint B – Tyranny of the Self 

1. TYRANNY OF THE SELF- RATHER THAN RISK INSERTING ONESSELF INTO THE LIBERATORY STRUCTURE ONLY TO BE OPPRESSED BY ONES OWN FAILURE, WE MUST ACCEPT THE STRATEGY OF THE MASSES. THE TYRANNY OF THE SELF THEIR PROJECT ESTABLISHES IS QUALITATIVELY WORSE THAN BEING OPPRESSED BY THE POWERS THAT BE.

Baudrillard 1993 (Jean, The transparency of evil : essays on extreme phenomena / Jean Baudrillard ; translated by James Benedict.  London : New York : Verso, 1993.  P. 167-168)

At all events, it is better to be controlled by someone else than by oneself.  Better to be oppressed, exploited, persecuted and manipulated by someone other than oneself.
 In this sense the entire movement for liberation and emancipation, inasmuch as it
AND
, merely because it does not fall within the sphere of his freedom.  
 Exactly the opposite position is the one that has to be stressed, while
AND
us.  That which is Other, that which we have to seduce.

====2. Operating within this hyperreality is key to affecting presidential power in any way – the truth of presidential power is it’s symbolic – the aff reinvigorates presidential power in their very act of critique.====
Rubenstein 08 (Diane – Professor of Political Rhetoric and Science at Cornell University "This Is Not a President: Sense, Nonsense, and the American Political Imaginary" pp. 74-75)

-We might as well insert the "id" -a president without depth
AND
only mastery of a simulated space. This is the prince’s secret.16

3. Performance arguments require a unique amount of judge intervention as they revolve around things like racism and sexism which are uniquely personal issue

Patrick Speice and Jim Lyle 2003 "traditional policy debate: now more than ever" Oceans Policy Adrift http://www.wfu.edu/Student-organizations/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/SpeiceLyle2003htm.htm

Without clearly defined criteria, judges will be likely to make subjective decisions about which
AND
chance of winning any given round, despite the quality of their debating.

4. The alternative to meaningful deliberation is bitter partisanship where we find ourselves unable to respond to one another. We must tie deliberation with action.

Adolf G. Gundersen, Associate Professor of Political Science at Texas A26M, 2000, Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 97-8
In contrast to "deliberation," which means "the thoughtful consider¬ation of alternative courses
AND
parti¬sanship that I examine here, no less well known, is Madisonian.
Its strategy for limiting partisanship is in many ways the mirror image ofthat proposed by
AND
Third, deliberation requires only an opposing view¬point; partisanship requires an opponent.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northern Iowa Ave-Evans | Judge: Henry

Heteronormativity Turn

TURN—GENDER REDUCTION—A. Conflating warfare and gender relations conflates disparate phenomena and reproduces traditional gender roles to reinforce domination

hooks 95 ~bell, English professor and senior lecturer in Ethnic Studies at the University of Southern California "Feminism and Militarism: A Comment" Women’s Studies Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 3/4, Rethinking Women’s Peace Studies (Fall - Winter, 1995), pp. 58-64~
By equaling militarism and patriarchy, these feminists often structure their arguments in sucha way
AND
have been quite violent and militaristic in their support and maintenance of racism.                                  

B. Feminist international relations theory relies on an untroubled gender binary that segregates man and woman by concealing the invisible and non-existence origin point of both in gender difference rather than the functions of discourse

Butler 93 Butler,Judith Butler is a noted for her studies on gender, she teaches composition and rhetoric at U.C. Berkeley, 93( Judith, ’Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex’), pp. 238-239. LRP

In theories such as Catharine MacKinnon’s, sexual relations of subordination are understood to establish
AND
a way to think the two in a dynamic relation to one another.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northern Iowa Ave-Evans | Judge: Henry

This approach reflects heteronormativity

Slagle, Professor @ University of Puerto Rico, 2003.
(R. Anthony, Journal of Homosexuality, Vol. 45, No. 2/3/4, pp. 135-136, JCE)

Heteronormativity. Queer criticism challenges the heteronormative assumptions in the mainstream (Seidman, 1993
AND
of more than two individuals regardless of the biological sex of the participants. 

You must reject the soul murder of heteronoramtivity—its another move to subjugate knowledges

Yep et al 03, Lovaas, and Elia, Professors @ San Francisco University, 2003. (Gust, Karen, and John, Journal of Homosexual Studies, Vol. 45, No. 2/3/4 _{pp. 21-22, JCE)}

These are the internal injuries that individuals inflict upon themselves. Very early in life
AND
and others, of the heteronormative mandate a widespread form of soul murder?

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 4 | Opponent: John Carroll Massarelli-Stolfer | Judge: Chase

Interpolative Presidency

The reality of presidential power is that it is non-existant – politics acts as a distracting theater from the military-industrial complex acting behind the scenes – institutional action Is hopeless – only an active citizenry can solve

Bacevich 10 (Andrew – PhD in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University. Chair of International Relations; Professor of International Relations and History at Boston University "Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War" pg. 31-33)

Pretending to the role of Decider, a president all too often becomes little more
AND
urged ordinary Americans to wake up, pay attention, and reclaim their democracy

The 1AC performs a mediated distance from torture, offloading the experience of torture to institutions in a cathartic move that creates comfort by displacing personal responsibility with facile institutional action. Moreover by foregrounding actions taken on foreign Others and not emphasizing civic responsibility the 1AC acts like a distanced "tour" through the contemporary history of American violence

Sturken 2011 (Marita, Professor of Media at NYU, "Comfort, irony, and trivialization: the mediation of torture" in International Journal of Cultural Studies)
On June 10, 2004, when asked if torture was justified, President George
AND
mediated by consumerism, media tropes, and narratives of ¶ popular culture. 

This endless war causes structural violence, environmental destruction, and destroys deliberative democracy

Bacevich 10 (Andrew – PhD in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University. Chair of International Relations; Professor of International Relations and History at Boston University "Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War" pg. 223-226)

The world-we are incessantly told-is becoming ever smaller, more complex
AND
statesman’s acute discomfort with the progressive militarization of U.S. policy.

The president’s real ability lies in his symbolic economy – their application of widespread authority and power to the president invigorates him with that symbolic power.

Rubenstein 08 (Diane – Professor of Political Rhetoric and Science at Cornell University "This Is Not a President: Sense, Nonsense, and the American Political Imaginary" pp. 74-75)

-We might as well insert the "id" -a president without depth
AND
only mastery of a simulated space. This is the prince’s secret.16

Reject the aff: Rejecting the drive for permanent-war is key to building viable alternatives to the war-driven economy of the U.S.

Bacevich 10 (Andrew – PhD in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University. Chair of International Relations; Professor of International Relations and History at Boston University "Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War" pg. 229-230)

So proposing to replace the American credo and the sacred trinity might seem a fanciful
AND
the course of the last decade, offers little support for these propositions.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northern Iowa Ave-Evans | Judge: Henry

1NC—Generic

The reality of presidential power is that it is non-existant – politics acts as a distracting theater from the military-industrial complex acting behind the scenes – institutional action Is hopeless – only an active citizenry can solve

Bacevich 10 (Andrew – PhD in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University. Chair of International Relations; Professor of International Relations and History at Boston University "Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War" pg. 31-33)

Pretending to the role of Decider, a president all too often becomes little more
AND
urged ordinary Americans to wake up, pay attention, and reclaim their democracy

This endless war causes structural violence, environmental destruction, and destroys deliberative democracy

Bacevich 10 (Andrew – PhD in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University. Chair of International Relations; Professor of International Relations and History at Boston University "Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War" pg. 223-226)

The world-we are incessantly told-is becoming ever smaller, more complex
AND
statesman’s acute discomfort with the progressive militarization of U.S. policy.

The president’s real ability lies in his symbolic economy – their application of widespread authority and power to the president invigorates him with that symbolic power.

Rubenstein 08 (Diane – Professor of Political Rhetoric and Science at Cornell University "This Is Not a President: Sense, Nonsense, and the American Political Imaginary" pp. 74-75)

-We might as well insert the "id" -a president without depth
AND
only mastery of a simulated space. This is the prince’s secret.16

Reject the aff: Rejecting the drive for permanent-war is key to building viable alternatives to the war-driven economy of the U.S.

Bacevich 10 (Andrew – PhD in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University. Chair of International Relations; Professor of International Relations and History at Boston University "Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War" pg. 229-230)

So proposing to replace the American credo and the sacred trinity might seem a fanciful
AND
the course of the last decade, offers little support for these propositions.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 4 | Opponent: John Carroll Massarelli-Stolfer | Judge: Chase

Turn—your use of the liberal regime of governance props up liberalism—but our cultural alternative solves

Brown 2006 (Wendy, Professor of Political Theory at Berkeley,  Regulating Aversion, p. 24)
This book seeks to lay bare this political landscape. It contests the culturalization of
AND
redemption, or at the very least for more modest and peaceful practices.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 4 | Opponent: John Carroll Massarelli-Stolfer | Judge: Chase

Turn—renditions—aff causes renditions—increases risk of torture

Hentoff 2013 (Nat, analyst for CATO, http://www.wnd.com/2013/05/is-obama-continuing-bush-cheney-torture/-http://www.wnd.com/2013/05/is-obama-continuing-bush-cheney-torture/)
For example, George W. Bush approved "renditions," which the CIA vigorously
AND
of the world – without ever following up on the renditions’ ghost prisoners.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northern Iowa Ave-Evans | Judge: Henry

Schmitt Turn

The negative’s appeal to an abstract universalism to fight injustice causes intense wars that dehumanize the enemy in the name of imperialism. This breaks down our ability to determine between friends and enemies.
Schmitt 96 (Carl, German political legal theorist, The Concept of the Political, pg. 53-5)

The political entity presupposes the real existence of an enemy and therefore coexistence with another
AND
form of political entities, no class struggles, and no enemy groupings.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 4 | Opponent: John Carroll Massarelli-Stolfer | Judge: Chase

The plan buys off critiques of state and authority—turns the case

Brown 2006 (Wendy, Professor of Political Theory at Berkeley,  Regulating Aversion, p. 102)
On one level this is obvious enough and old news: throughout modernity, raison
AND
- and transnational identity among the citizenry that such a crisis could engender.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 4 | Opponent: John Carroll Massarelli-Stolfer | Judge: Chase

Topicality

Restriction is a limitation on activity by statute, regulation, or provision

People’s Law Dictionary 2013. (by Gerald and Kathleen Hill: Gerald has practiced law for more than four decades in San Francisco, has an A.B. from Stanford and Juris Doctor from University of California. dictionary.law.com)
Restriction
n. any limitation on activity, by statute, regulation or contract provision. In multi-unit real estate developments, condominium and cooperative housing projects managed by homeowners’ associations or similar organizations, such organizations are usually required by state law to impose restrictions on use. Thus, the restrictions are part of the "covenants, conditions and restrictions" intended to enhance the use of common facilities and property which are recorded and incorporated into the title of each owner.

Indefinite detention relates to the authority to hold people without charge not the qualitative character of their treatment

Tenth Amendment Center 2010 http://tenthamendmentcenter.com/legislation/liberty-preservation-act/~~23.Ukb7HWTEqjU-http://tenthamendmentcenter.com/legislation/liberty-preservation-act/
This legislative
AND
and more:

Violation: The affirmative restricts the president’s authority over what happens to those that are indefinitely detained without restricting his authority to detain indefinitely.

C. Reasons to Prefer:

1. Limits – allowing anything related to the topic areas without meeting a restriction in authority explodes the topic

2. Ground – We lose links to disads and kritiks when the aff never accesses a decrease in authority. Presidential authority good is supposed to be built-in neg ground but we lose it with their aff.

3. Topic Education – At the beginning of the season we need to set a precedent for the topic being debated as a legal topic, grounded in legal precision, rather than fabricating a policy topic grounded in uninformed literature

D. T is a voter for competitive equity, education, and jurisdiction. Jurisdiction is more true on this topic than others because questions of legal authority beget questions of jurisdiction

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wayne State BS | Judge: Smith

Tradeoff

Stopping indefinite detention trades off with targeted killing.

Entous 10 Entous, Adam. "Special Report: How the White House Learned to Love the Drone." Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 18 May 2010. Web. 09 Aug. 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/05/18/us-pakistan-drones-idUSTRE64H5SL20100518.
By some accounts, the growing reliance on drone strikes is partly a result of
AND
what it called U.S. attacks on the group in Yemen.¶ 

Drones cause social collapse and major backlash against the U.S.

Ali and Ahmed 7/16 Ali, Wajahat, and Akbar Ahmed. "The Cost of Our Drone War in Pakistan (Interview)."Home. Boston Review, 16 July 2013. Web. http://bostonreview.net/world/cost-our-drone-war-pakistan-http://bostonreview.net/world/cost-our-drone-war-pakistan
The fact that every drone strike kills not only the intended target but also many
AND
result of the breakdown of relations between the periphery and the central government. 

Yemen failure means terrible humanitarian costs.

Juneau 10 Juneau, Thomas. "Yemen: Prospects for State Failure - Implications and Remedies." Middle East Policy 17.3 (21 Sep 2010): 134-52. Web.

State failure in Yemen would have dire humanitarian consequences. The combination of insecurity and
AND
conditions in makeshift camps, could provide a foretaste of things to come.

~for detention k affs~ Belief that some lives are worth more than others and that violence is justifies in pursuing this end creates calculable and excluded objects

Butler, professor of rhetoric at Berkeley, 2009 p. 50-53
(Judith, Frames of War)
One might, for instance, believe in the sanctity of life or adhere to
AND
some lives, while the destruction of other lives can be righteously defended.

Tournament: Wayne State | Round: 4 | Opponent: John Carroll Massarelli-Stolfer | Judge: Chase

Tradeoff

Stopping indefinite detention trades off with targeted killing.

Entous 10 Entous, Adam. "Special Report: How the White House Learned to Love the Drone." Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 18 May 2010. Web. 09 Aug. 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/05/18/us-pakistan-drones-idUSTRE64H5SL20100518.
By some accounts, the growing reliance on drone strikes is partly a result of
AND
what it called U.S. attacks on the group in Yemen.¶ 

Drones cause social collapse and major backlash against the U.S.

Ali and Ahmed 7/16 Ali, Wajahat, and Akbar Ahmed. "The Cost of Our Drone War in Pakistan (Interview)."Home. Boston Review, 16 July 2013. Web. http://bostonreview.net/world/cost-our-drone-war-pakistan-http://bostonreview.net/world/cost-our-drone-war-pakistan
The fact that every drone strike kills not only the intended target but also many
AND
result of the breakdown of relations between the periphery and the central government. 

Belief that some lives are worth more than others and that violence is justifies in pursuing this end creates calculable and excluded objects

Butler, professor of rhetoric at Berkeley, 2009 p. 50-53
(Judith, Frames of War)
One might, for instance, believe in the sanctity of life or adhere to
AND
some lives, while the destruction of other lives can be righteously defended.