Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 5 | Opponent: United States Military Morrow-Reed | Judge: Baker

1AC Round 5

Despite recent rhetoric, Obama is increasing drone strikes in Yemen. The drone campaign in Yemen is the fulcrum of widening presidential war powers authority.

Jilani 8/20/13 ~Zaid,former Communications and Outreach Coordinator for United Republic and the former Senior Reporter-Blogger for ThinkProgress, The Atlantic,http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/08/the-real-reason-the-limits-of-drone-use-are-murky-we-cant-decide-what-terrorists-or-conflict-mean/278739/~~====**

"The use of drones is heavily constrained," said President Obama-http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/24/us/politics/transcript-of-obamas-speech-on-drone-policy.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0 during his May
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the killed over the past two weeks are believed to have been innocent."¶ 

Plan: The United States Federal Government should prohibit the President of the United States from using appropriated funds, not withstanding any other provision of law, for targeted killing in Yemen.

Advantage 1

The EU voted overwhelmingly to condemn and ban US targeted killing outside of war zones, specifically Yemen and Pakistan. Continued US strikes undermine US-EU cooperation.

International Business Times 2/27/14 ~http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/drones-strikes-european-parliament-condemns-murder-civilians-1438196, Ludovica Iaccino, Drones Strikes: European Parliament Condemns Murder of Civilians~

The European Parliament condemned the US covert drone strikes that have killed thousands of civilians
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) concerning the involvement of NATO member states in facilitating strikes in Pakistan.

The US has chosen to ignore the EU vote, upsetting our EU allies.

Maloof 3/15/14, former Pentagon official ~Michael, ’Drones strikes to continue despite EU ban’, http://www.panorama.am/en/comments/2014/03/01/michael-maloof/-http://www.panorama.am/en/comments/2014/03/01/michael-maloof/~~====**

RT: The EU’s bill banning drone attacks covers strikes outside of war zones,
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UN is going to have to address this problem in very short order.

This dismissive posture by the US is coming at a time when there are too many festering wounds in the US-EU relationship. We are at a tipping point.

Gosling 2/27/14, investigative journalist formerly with the BBC writing for RT ~Tony, One last year in the sun for UK-US ’special relationship’?, http://www.panorama.am/en/analytics/2014/02/27/tony-gosling/-http://www.panorama.am/en/analytics/2014/02/27/tony-gosling/~~====**

It is the revelations of NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden as well as the running sore
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, as we British always aim to do, they’ve outstayed their welcome.

US-EU relations are key to realizing global climate change legislation.

Chicago Tribune 3/13/14 ~Obama, EU to stand together on climate change draft, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-03-13/news/sns-rt-us-eu-climatechange-usa-20140313_1_climate-change-draft-u-n-deal-eu-leaders-http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-03-13/news/sns-rt-us-eu-climatechange-usa-20140313_1_climate-change-draft-u-n-deal-eu-leaders~~====**

U.S. President Barack Obama and EU leaders meeting in Brussels this month will throw their combined weight behind tackling climate change, a document seen by Reuters says, in a show of developed world solidarity on the need for a new global deal.

That causes extinction.

Hares ’04 ~staff, Geelong Advertiser, May 26, 2004; Lexis~

Climate change, caused by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, is deemed by
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for nearly all the warming over the United States between 1975 and 1994.

And, acting towards Yemen is sufficient to solve this rift with the EU. Obama is already perceived as responding to international criticism about drone strikes in Pakistan.

Gul 3/3/14, Executive Director of the independent Centre for Research and Security Studies ~Imtiaz, Drones and the EU’s conscience, http://tribune.com.pk/story/678441/drones-and-the-eus-conscience/-http://tribune.com.pk/story/678441/drones-and-the-eus-conscience/~~====**

This vote came on the heels of a UN report published on December 18,
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strike every two weeks in 2013, according to TheBureauInvestigates.com.2

Advantage 2-Yemen Dem

Yemen is in the midst of a fragile, but stable, democratic transition.

Worth 2/18/13 ~Robert F., Yemen, Hailed as Model, Struggles for Stability, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/19/world/middleeast/yemen-hailed-as-a-model-struggles-for-stability.html?pagewanted=all-http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/19/world/middleeast/yemen-hailed-as-a-model-struggles-for-stability.html?pagewanted=all~~====**

The tents at the heart of this city’s Change Square are now almost empty of
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rancorous political factions, under the watchful eyes of Arab and Western monitors.

Obama’s drone policy is a direct rebuff to Yemen’s most democratic institution, the NDC, and undermines the transition to democratic elections – risks total breakdown of Yemeni rule of law.

Bailey 26 Benjamin 8/27/13 ~freelance journalist and activist/cofounder of Global Exchange and CodePink: Women for Peace, Pam 26 Madea, How America’s killer Drone strikes undermine Yemeni democracy, http://muslimvillage.com/2013/08/27/43053/americas-killer-drone-strikes-undermine-yemeni-democracy/-http://muslimvillage.com/2013/08/27/43053/americas-killer-drone-strikes-undermine-yemeni-democracy/~~====**

Should the United States be free to intervene in Yemen, a country with which
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our orbit. Let’s give them a chance to run their own country.
 

Collapse of Yemen’s political system will destabilize the Middle East.

Baron 3/1/13 ~Adam,Correspondent, Better than expected, but still not enough: Can Hadi hold Yemen together?,http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2013/0301/Better-than-expected-but-still-not-enough-Can-Hadi-hold-Yemen-together~~====**

It was far from the anniversary that Yemeni President Abdo Rabbu Mansour Hadi had hoped
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at the end of the day, five secessionist demonstrators were killed.

Middle Eastern instability goes nuclear.

James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, 2009 (Spring) "Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East" IFRI, Proliferation Papers, ~2326, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf
Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1)
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the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world.

GoA Add on

State collapse causes instability in the Gulf of Aden

Ginny Hill, associate fellow at Chatham House where she runs the Yemen Forum, 11-20-2008, "While watching the Somali pirates..." The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/nov/20/pirates-somalia-yemen
In addition, jihadi networks in Yemen appear to be growing as operating conditions in
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the middle of it, on one of the world’s busiest shipping routes.

Instability in the Gulf of Aden collapses global trade

Lev Shel Arieh, MA in Middle Eastern Studies from Tel Aviv University, 9-28-2011, " Yemen’s Chaos - August 2011," On the Middle East, http://yuriditsky.blogspot.com/2011/09/yemens-chaos-august-2011.html
Towards the end of July, the leader of AQAP, Nasir al Wuhayshi,
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world) with Al Shabaab’s reach can make for a particularly challenging situation.

Global nuclear war

Michael Panzner, faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 2008, "Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future From Economic Collapse," Accessed via GoogleBooks, p 136-138
Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United
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between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war. 

Advantage 3- AQAP

Strikes guarantee AQAP attacks – without civilian deaths from drones, AQAP would have disbanded years ago

Farea Al Muslimi, Yemeni security analyst focused on issues of terrorism and security, 1-9-2014, "US drone attacks in Yemen protect no one but Al-Qaeda," Yemen Times, http://www.yementimes.com/en/1745/opinion/3332/US-drone-attacks-in-Yemen-protect-no-one-but-Al-Qaeda.htm
The spontaneous public backlash against Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
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school become terrified that the U.S. may have killed them.

Yemen terrorism causes massive oil spikes

Amy Harder, Energy Correspondent for National Journal, 5-29-2013, "Al-Qaida Retaliation Would Drive Spike in Oil Prices," National Journal, http://www.nationaljournal.com/al-qaida-retaliation-would-drive-spike-in-oil-prices-20110502
"But Yemen now sticks out as the real country to watch because it has
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Institution’s energy-security initiative and is a senior fellow in foreign policy.

Oil shocks cause global economic collapse

Matthew Kroenig, assistant professor and IR field chair in dept of govt at Georgetown, and Robert McNally, president of the Rapidan Group, an energy market and policy consulting firm, and served as Special Assistant to the President at the U.S. National Economic Council and Senior Director for International Energy at the U.S. National Security Council, March-April 2013, "Iranian Nukes and Global Oil," The Naitonal Interest, http://www.matthewkroenig.com/Kroenig_Iranian20Nukes20and20Global20Oil.pdf
It is difficult to overstate how much modern civilization depends on continuous access to the
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buffer sufficient to keep prices stable in the face of geopolitical disruption risk.

Our theoretical models trump – transitions, future expectations, and diversionary war theory all confirm econ decline causes war

Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

Senate appropriations restrictions solve best- funding from the military defense budget- appropriation funds are money given by the president.

Raven-Hansen, UVA Law Professor ’94
(Peter and William Banks, "PULLING THE PURSE STRINGS OF THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF," 80 Va. L. Rev. 833, Lexis)

The foregoing rules of narrow construction are general rules that do not apply with equal
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were originally conceived as the ultimate check on executive national security practices. n119

Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 4 | Opponent: Idaho State Doty-Ivanovic | Judge: Dillard-Knox

Advocacy: Lilit and I argue that empathy with peoples lived experience is a precursor to crafting linguistic policies that affect their lives. While we believe that limiting presidential war powers may be a good idea, we must first engage the topic through visual artistic expression.

The process of imagining-that inherent in the artistic process evokes meta-empathetic connections – a more genuine level of understanding than the relationship created by language.

Marshall ’07 ~Cora M., Cultural Identity, Creative Processes, and ¶ Imagination: Creating ¶ Cultural Connections ¶ Through Art Making, Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education~

For artists who want to connect to their ancestral past but do not know with
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feelings, and motives" (Costello, 1995, p. 438).

Art allows for authentic expressions of identity. It is the only way to move away from static signifiers that overwhelm debate

Marshall ’07 ~Cora M., Cultural Identity, Creative Processes, and ¶ Imagination: Creating ¶ Cultural Connections ¶ Through Art Making, Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education~

Written here, the story above becomes somewhat diluted. Yet, for me,
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authentic expressions that are reflexive of who they are––their ¶ identity.

The logic and reason we use in debate are insufficient to communicate the feelings inherent in experience – only art can communicate without limiting our understanding of one another.

Abscondo ’10 ~The Quest to Communicate Ideas Through Art and Logic; poetry vs. prose, indie vs. commercial, authentic vs. kitsch, http://www.abscondo.com/abscondo/2010/07/art-vs-logic.html-http://www.abscondo.com/abscondo/2010/07/art-vs-logic.html~~====

Depending upon the nature of the subject-matter being communicated to the audience,
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. We might at least find comfort in that we are not alone. 

Prefer our political act. Art allows people to breathe new meaning into their particular experiences and speak for those who cannot speak – it has a uniquely subversive and empowering quality that is key to mobilizing struggles for freedom and identity

Caruso ’05 ~Hwa Young Choi, PhD, Professor at Molloy College, Art as a Political Act: Expression of Cultural Identity, Self-Identity, and Gender by Suk Nam Yun and Yong Soon Min, The Journal of Aesthetic Education 39.3 (2005) 71-87~

Estella Lauter argues that art is related to social context.41 Art can reveal
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aimed at the modification of attitude and belief, can never be innocent.

Tournament: D114 | Round: 3 | Opponent: San Francisco State Binley-Pricert | Judge: Cochran

Despite recent rhetoric, Obama is increasing drone strikes in Yemen. The drone campaign in Yemen is the fulcrum of widening presidential war powers authority.

Jilani 8/20/13 ~Zaid,former Communications and Outreach Coordinator for United Republic and the former Senior Reporter-Blogger for ThinkProgress, The Atlantic,http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/08/the-real-reason-the-limits-of-drone-use-are-murky-we-cant-decide-what-terrorists-or-conflict-mean/278739/~~====**

"The use of drones is heavily constrained," during his May
AND
the killed over the past two weeks are believed to have been innocent."¶ 

Plan: The United States Federal Government should prohibit the President of the United States from using appropriated funds, not withstanding any other provision of law, for targeted killing in Yemen.

Historically, U.S. Imperialism has taken the form of violence enacted on countries of people with color that have resources we want and don’t have militaries that can respond to us in an equal level.

Ghista, 2011

(The Fall of the American Empire And the Rise of a New Economy, Garda Ghista, http://www.proutglobe.org/2011/08/the-fall-of-the-american-empire-and-the-rise-of-a-new-economy/-http://www.proutglobe.org/2011/08/the-fall-of-the-american-empire-and-the-rise-of-a-new-economy/**)**

In 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed and there was no need for the US to
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its guise as an empire dominating the world, must go on forever."

The US drone campaign in Yemen is the most current and crucial exemplar of US imperialist domination in the Middle East.

====Gaist ’13 ~Thomas,8/13,US continues drone war against Yemen, http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/08/13/yeme-a13.html~~====**

Since July 28, the US has launched nine drone strikes against targets in Yemen
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term US strategy" focused on "capacity building" in crucial countries.

This Imperialist invasion of Yemen maintains the expansion and supremacy of American power by suppressing local change and internal democratic elements. It is a daily enactment of undeclared war.

Marshall 10 Research Associate with the Centre for Research on Globalization
Andrew Gavin, Yemen the Covert Apparatus of the American Empire. 10 Marshall 1005, October 5, 2010, from Global Research Website, http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/sociopol_globalmilitarism67.htm, MCJ

Yemen is perhaps an excellent example of America being on the "wrong side of
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and Iran, naturally drawing in Israel, Egypt and the United States.  

This is the biggest and deadliest weapon wielded by imperialism. It is a cultural bomb that annihilates entire peoples by creating a cycle of despondency and collective death wish.

Thiong’o 86
 (Ngugi wa Thiong’o – Distinguished Professor of University of California, Irvine. "Decolonizing the Mind: Literature". 1986.)

The oppressed and the exploited of the earth maintain their defiance: liberty from theft
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creed of the neo-colonial bourgeoisie in many ’independent’ African states.

====Our 1AC discursively displaces the global power structures by calling for the end of the U.S. drone campaign in Yemen. Engaging communication can break down the walls and barriers and allow us to effectively challenge the system.====
Shome 6 Raka Shome, "Postcolonial Interventions in the Rhetorical Canon: An "Other" View", Communication Theory, March 17 2006, Wiley interscience
So far, I have presented a theoretical overview of postcolonialism and discussed the kind
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" gets constantly legitimized in political, ¶ cultural, and social discourses.
2nd advantage:
I come from Yemen where we have had a year of violence last year,
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, not threatened by a forced marriage when she is only a child.

—-Dr. Jamela Saleh Alraiby, Deputy Minister of Public Health and Population, Yemen ~The Suffering of Girls Must Stop, Dr. Alraiby is also a member of the White Ribbon Alliance, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-jamela-saleh-alraiby/child-marriage-yemen_b_1618547.html~~====**

Dr. Alraiby speaks to a phenomenon that is rampant in Yemen.

Greenfield ’14, a Shillman Journalism Fellow at the Freedom Center, is a New York writer focusing on radical Islam ~Daniel, 1/28, http://www.frontpagemag.com/2014/dgreenfield/65-of-brides-in-muslim-yemen-are-children/-http://www.frontpagemag.com/2014/dgreenfield/65-of-brides-in-muslim-yemen-are-children/~~====**

Child marriages are rampant in Yemen. A study revealed that the bridal age in
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have popular basis don’t want to lose these bases by supporting the move."

Early marriage pushes girls into a state of psychological death.

Al-Mohattwari ’13 ~Asma, 9/13, Early Marriage Represses, Scars, Kills; http://nationalyemen.com/2013/09/16/early-marriage-represses-scars-kills/-http://nationalyemen.com/2013/09/16/early-marriage-represses-scars-kills/~~====**

Arwa Othman, an activist and member of the Dialogue, said that the Yemeni
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their inability to deal with the complex issues of marital relations and motherhood.

Fortunately, the Yemen’s National Dialogue Conference is taking steps to draft a constitution that will include the "Child Marriage Proposal" to criminalize child marriage in Yemen. NDC stability is key to ensure passage of this contentious provision.

Yemen Post ’14 ~1/26, Yemen Post Staff, Yemen moves to criminalize child marriage, http://www.yemenpost.net/Detail123456789.aspx?ID=326SubID=753226MainCat=3~~====**

As Yemen prepares to draft its new constitution now that NDC representatives have laid down
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very rare instances girls as young as 8 have married men significantly older.

However, Obama’s drone policy is a direct rebuff to Yemen’s most democratic institution, the NDC, and undermines their legitimacy and consititution – risks total breakdown.

Bailey 26 Benjamin 8/27/13 ~freelance journalist and activist/cofounder of Global Exchange and CodePink: Women for Peace, Pam 26 Madea, How America’s killer Drone strikes undermine Yemeni democracy, http://muslimvillage.com/2013/08/27/43053/americas-killer-drone-strikes-undermine-yemeni-democracy/-http://muslimvillage.com/2013/08/27/43053/americas-killer-drone-strikes-undermine-yemeni-democracy/~~====**

Should the United States be free to intervene in Yemen, a country with which
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our orbit. Let’s give them a chance to run their own country.

The drafting of the NDC Constitution offers a unique opportunity to protect the rights of girls – we must seize this moment and secure the future for the girls and women of Yemen.

Human Rights Watch ’13 ~Yemen: End Child Marriage, 9/11, http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/09/10/yemen-end-child-marriage~~====**

Yemen should protect its girls from the devastating effects of early marriage by setting 18
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Human Rights Watch. "The Yemeni government should end this abusive practice."