Tournament: Wsu | Round: 5 | Opponent: Concordia College Clements-Shields | Judge: DiPiazza

Appeals to democracy attempt to smooth over the divisions that make universal politics possible this makes criticisms of the economy prerequisites to meaningful democracy.

Dean Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges 2007 Jodi Democracy and Other Neo-Liberal Fantasies p 76 -77
Despite democracy’s inability to represent justice in the wake of political submission to a brutalized
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and ideal participation that ultimately undermines dynamic, responsive, left politics.3

The utopian ideology of global capitalism closes off the possibility for alternatives outside of that system – liberal pragmatism provides no mechanism to overcome the coordinates of global capitalism – even cynicism fails to produce an ethical means of politics – the financial meltdown further proves that the ideology of Capital rules or social reality

Zizek 2009 Slavoj First as Tragedy, Then as Farce page 77-81
In contemporary global capitalism, ideological naturalization has reached an unprecedented level: rare are
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at the recent financial meltdown should be more than sufficient to dispel them. 

Resisting reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
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abject Other to that of a ’glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. 

Our alternative is to completely withdraw from the ideology of capital – this is essential to destroy the fetish that allows capital to survive

Johnston, interdisciplinary research fellow in psychoanalysis at Emory University, 2004 Adrian, Psychoanalysis, Culture 26 Society, December v9 i3 p259 page infotrac

Perhaps the absence of a detailed political roadmap in Zizek’s recent writings isn’t a
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comforting fiction ("Capitalist commodity fetishism or the truth? I choose fetishism").

Tournament: Texas | Round: 7 | Opponent: Northwestern Hopkins-Srinivasan | Judge: Gonzalez

Appeals to democracy attempt to smooth over the divisions that make universal politics possible this makes criticisms of the economy prerequisites to meaningful democracy

Dean Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges 2007 Jodi Democracy and Other Neo-Liberal Fantasies p 76 -77

Despite democracy’s inability to represent justice in the wake of political submission to a brutalized
AND
and ideal participation that ultimately undermines dynamic, responsive, left politics.3

US hegemony is nothing more then an attempt to secure the global capitalist world order

Sakellaropoulos Ass’t Prof of Social Policy Panteion University 26 Sotiris Department of Sociology, University of the Aegean 2008 Spyros 26 Panagiotis Science 26 Society proquest
American neoconservative thinkers have the virtue of not retorting to cosmopolitan rhetoric, when talking
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attack anyone (even a present ally) who opposes its dominant position.

Capitalism assures fast warming and extinction

Harriss-White, Professor of Development Studies, Oxford, 2006  Barbara Undermining Sustainable Capitalism: The Market-Driven Politics of Renewable Energy socialistregister.com/socialistregister.com/files/ecolbhweh19Oct06.doc

Fossil energy underwrites and saturates capitalist social organisation.   The energetics of capitalist production
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capital polices its ecological limits : poor people tread with small ecological footprints.

Resisting reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
AND
abject Other to that of a ’glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. 

Imperialism cannot not separated from capitalism – the root cause debate is historically undeniable

Foster research at the North South Institute 2003 John Imperial America and War, Monthly Review, May 28 http://www.monthlyreview.org/0503jbf.htm
The reality of an informal imperialism of free trade (or imperialism without colonies)
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forms depending on the economic, political and military resources at their disposal.

We are positioned at a unique point in history – the global economic collapse represents a new beginning for revolutionary struggle – given these conditions our alternative is to embrace the Communist Idea – key to prevent the destruction of life at the hands of global capitalism – self as proletariat

Zizek 2009 Slavoj First as Tragedy, Then as Farce page 87-94
In Kierkegaardian terms, a revolutionary process involves not a gradual progress, but a
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and physical alterations in the world that has been sustaining us.S ¶

Tournament: UNT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Northern Iowa Shew-Simonson | Judge: DiPiazza

1. The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon—the USFG is the agent of the resolution, not the individual debaters

Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing 2k
Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a
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the sentence, beginning the clause after the colon with a capital letter. 

2. Resolved proves the framework for the resolution is to enact a policy.

Words and Phrases 1964 Permanent Edition
Definition of the word "resolve," given
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by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law". 

3.’Should’denotes an expectation the aff will be enacted.

American Heritage Dictionary 2k
Used to express probability or expectation

4.The USFG is the government in Washington D.C.

Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k http://encarta.msn.com
"The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC"

A.  Its key to growth, our argument isn’t just fairness, we say debate should be a sight for antagonism

Yovel 03 Jonathan Yovel  Yale Law School; University of Haifa - Faculty of Law Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 24, pp. 635-662, 2003  HALF-WRITTEN LAWS: NIETZSCHE AND LEGAL THEORY, Peter Goodrich and Mariana Velvedere, eds., Routledge 2005 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=950742-http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=950742
While reactive forces respond to their context and in this way are dictated by them
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the will to cast itself in the world, both natural and social.

B. Arbitrary interpretations are inevitable and good; we must enforce and interpretations grounded in the community to allow for agonism

Ramaeker 01 STEFAN RAMAEKERS assistant professor at Laboratory for Education and Society Journal of Philosophy 0f Education, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2001 "Teaching to Lie and Obey: Nietzsche on Education "http://www.wehavephotoshop.com/PHILOSOPHY20NOW/PHILOSOPHY/Nietzsche/Nietzsche20On20Education.pdf-http://www.wehavephotoshop.com/PHILOSOPHY NOW/PHILOSOPHY/Nietzsche/Nietzsche On Education.pdf
Much as one values Nietzsche for his cultural criticism and for his culturally innovative ideas
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a system of morals inevitably means judging from a particular point of view.

3.  Ground rooted in tradition is a prerequisite to political engagement—

Arendt, 2k5 (Hannah, The Promise of Politics , p. 41-2)
It lies in the nature of a tradition to be accepted and absorbed, as
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shallowness which spreads a veil of meaninglessness over all spheres of modern life. 

5. We shouldn’t ascribe a telos to debate.  It doesn’t change anything in the real world all the education can be gained from reading, the value to debate is the aesthetics of the struggle

Lane 96 Robert D. Lane, Classics, Philosophy, and Religious Studies/ Institute of Practical Philosophy  Vancouver Island University "The Absurd Hero" http://records.viu.ca/www/ipp/absurd.htm-http://records.viu.ca/www/ipp/absurd.htm
Sisyphus is the absurd hero. This man, sentenced to ceaselessly rolling a rock
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they testify to man’s allegiance to man and not to abstractions or ’absolutes’.

Tournament: Wsu | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas Foreman-Goh | Judge: Taylor

Predominance theory fails to explain the post-world war II era – history proves

Human Security Report Project 2011 Human Security Report Project is an independent research centre affiliated with Simon Fraser University (SFU) in Vancouver, Canada, Human Security Report 2009/2010: The Causes of Peace and the Shrinking Costs of War
http://hsrgroup.org/docs/Publications/HSR20092010/20092010HumanSecurityReport-Part1-CausesOfPeace.pdf
As with other realist claims, there are reasons for skepticism about the peace through
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explanations for the strategic successes of militarily weak insurgents in national liberation wars.

Hegemony doesn’t solve global conflicts

Mearsheimer 2011 (John J., R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, The National Interest, Imperial by Design, lexis)
One year later, Charles Krauthammer emphasized in "The Unipolar Moment" that the
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heady days of the early 1990s have given way to a pronounced pessimism.

US leadership is unsustainable and ? mass suffering, militarism and conflict

Boggs 2005 (Carl, Professor of Social Science at National University, Imperial Delusions p. x-xiii)
As, the United States moves to reshape the geopolitical terrain of the world,
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already contributed to destabilization of the same global system it aspires to dominate.

Imperialism necessitates endless systems of war and global inequality

Foster research at the North South Institute 2003 John Imperial America and War, Monthly Review, May 28 http://www.monthlyreview.org/0503jbf.htm
At present, U.S. imperialism appears particularly blatant because it is linked
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without calling into question all the others—and hence the entire system.

Militarism ? environmental destruction and extinction

Sanders professor of History of Ideas and English at Pitzer College 2009 Barry Online Excerpt from The Green Zone: The Environmental Costs of Militarism
http://www.revolutionbythebook.akpress.org/book-excerpt-from-the-green-zone-the-environmental-costs-of-militarism/
In a nation like ours, where military might trumps diplomatic finesse, the supreme
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military—no easy task—it will continue to work its evil.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kansas City Kansas CC Casas-Gonzaba | Judge: Guha-Majumdar

Your epistemology is built on stolen land— Your theory effaces and defers the Settler Colonialism of Empire, which ensures the continued genocide of indigenous people.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

Despite scholars’ acknowledgments of the coterminous processes of imperialism and colonialism located along the axes
AND
is my attempt to consider how and why that might be the case.

The Indian’s absence is the ontological prior through which your epistemology functions. This parallax gap is the imperialist drive behind environmental destruction and world war.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

To that end, the first chapter interrogates the Indian errant at the heart of
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States continues its global wars on terror, the environment, and livability. 

Your epistemology’s deferral of colonialism perpetuate the violent collisions and cacophony that make the transit of global empire possible— Your epistemology of oppression ignores Settler Colonialism’s dependence on the ontological exclusion of the Indian to social death. The colonial traces of your philosophy replicate civil society’s antagonistic structure of violence.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

On the threshold, then, of "the necessity with the aleatory, chaos
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sovereignty as a source of violence, remedy, memory, and grievability.

Your theory’s knowledge production maintains the structural antagonism of civil society through the parallax gaps that form a cacophony of colonialist logics. Its eradication of indigeneity dooms your epistemology and creates the stage for colonial expansion globally.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

’This chapter considers the representational logics at work in Shakespeare’s The Tempest to explore how
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en scene of U.S. neocolonialism and imperialism around the world.

Your epistemology’s prior ontological exclusion of the Indian ’Savage’ is the clearing that locks western civil society into a structural antagonism of genocide. This turns all attempts at transformative politics.

Wilderson 2009 (Frank, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, p. 141-142)

Well over twenty thousand Westerns and frontier films have been shot and released since the
AND
as I have indicated "transition" is merely a euphemism for disavowal).

Thus, our alternative to reject the affirmative’s proposal in favor of a politics aimed at the decolonization of North America. Politics invariably requires the establishment of priorities – ours should be this: First Priority to First Americans. Only dismantling the United States all together liberates Native America and us all from the grip of its imperial chokehold.

Churchill 96 (Ward, Codirector of The Colorado Chapter of The American Indian Movement, Former Professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado/Boulder, "I Am Indigenist, from a Native Son Pgs -89-94") 

The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
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most fundamental of all issues the more¶ sophisticated among them seek to divert

Rejection is the key first step to the prioritization of Indian epistemologies as an intervention to empire. Your genocidal effacement of the radical alterity of the Indian is at the heart of Settler Colonialism’s biopolitical governance over life and death.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

This book, then, is a journey of sorts, its method mnemonic as
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in decolonial, restorative justice tied to land, life, and grievability. 

Method is key to epistemology: The epistemological prioritization of decolonialization must come first. Only the alternative avoids the genocidal practices of theory and dismantles the structures of Settler Colonialism.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi, The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

As Sankaran Krishna illustrates, the problem of postcolonialism for indigenous peoples has real world
AND
our work and research questions reflect the best of our governance and diplomatic tradition

Tournament: UNT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Northern Iowa Shew-Simonson | Judge: DiPiazza

There’s nothing exceptional about the modes of governmentality they analyze-they’ve been used against indigenous peoples since 1492.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw, ix-x)
The stakes could not be greater, given that currently u.s. empire has manifested
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Moment in history when everything appears to be headed towards collapse.

For the affirmative, Indians aren’t grievable lives.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw, 36-38)

In many ways, one might argue that this transit of Indianess is the
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Will remain decolonized, if there is to be any hope at all.

The INDIAN IS THE ORIGINAL EMENY COMNBATANT

Byrd, 2011
(Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

In the United States, the Indian is the original enemy combatant who cannot be
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this crucial moment in history when everything appears to be headed towards collapse.

Your criticism of identity and place perpetuates ethnocentric policies of injustice against indigenous peoples.

Grande 2004 (Sandy, Professor in education and public policy at Connecticut College, Red Pedagogy, p. 115-117)

Though the postcolonial construct of mestizaje-rooted in the
AND
The theoretical frames of essentialism, postmodernism, or postcolonialism.

The Indian’s absence is the ontological prior through which your epistemology functions. This parallax gap is the imperialist drive behind environmental destruction and world war.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

To that end, the first chapter interrogates the Indian errant at the heart of
AND
States continues its global wars on terror, the environment, and livability. 

Thus, our alternative to reject the affirmative’s proposal in favor of a politics aimed at the decolonization of North America. Politics invariably requires the establishment of priorities – ours should be this: First Priority to First Americans. Only dismantling the United States all together liberates Native America and us all from the grip of its imperial chokehold.

Churchill 96 (Ward, Codirector of The Colorado Chapter of The American Indian Movement, Former Professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado/Boulder, "I Am Indigenist, from a Native Son Pgs -89-94") 

The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
AND
most fundamental of all issues the more¶ sophisticated among them seek to divert

Tournament: UNT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Missouri State Miller-Parsian | Judge: Harris

Indefinite detention didn’t begin with Guantanamo.

Hall 2003 (Anthony J. the American Empire and the Fourth World, p. xvii-xx)

The warriors for whom the Apache helicopters are
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in the way the world is actually governed.

THE TERRORISTS IS ONLY A REPRODUCTION OF THE INDIAN.

Byrd, 2011
(Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

From the Pacific with the illegal overthrow of the kingdom of Hawai'i to the Caribbean
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targeted for surveillance and destruction by U.S. patriotic pathology. 10

The INDIAN IS THE ORIGINAL EMENY COMNBATANT

Byrd, 2011
(Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

In the United States, the Indian is the original enemy combatant who cannot be
AND
this crucial moment in history when everything appears to be headed towards collapse.

The Indian’s absence is the ontological prior through which your epistemology functions. This parallax gap is the imperialist drive behind environmental destruction and world war.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw)

To that end, the first chapter interrogates the Indian errant at the heart of
AND
States continues its global wars on terror, the environment, and livability. 

Thus, our alternative to reject the affirmative’s proposal in favor of a politics aimed at the decolonization of North America. Politics invariably requires the establishment of priorities – ours should be this: First Priority to First Americans. Only dismantling the United States all together liberates Native America and us all from the grip of its imperial chokehold.

Churchill 96 (Ward, Codirector of The Colorado Chapter of The American Indian Movement, Former Professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado/Boulder, "I Am Indigenist, from a Native Son Pgs -89-94") 

The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
AND
most fundamental of all issues the more¶ sophisticated among them seek to divert

Tournament: UNT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wichita State Klausmeyer-Lefler | Judge: Allen

The aff increases militarism and promotes war – They bureaucratize the other weapons they don’t’ have oversight of.

Turner, Cooper, 26 Pugh 11 (Mandy, Neil, Michael – Peace Stud’s U of Bradford, and#34;Institutionalised and co-optedand#34;, and#34;Critical Perspectives on Human Security: Rethinking Emancipation and Power in International Relations.and#34; Edited by David Chandler and Nik Hynek, p. 87-90)

If contemporary peacebuilding is best described as a process of `peacebuilding¶ from below
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`liberal peace’ and promote (neoliberal) development — albeit by war.

The plan frames targeted killing as a juridical problem to be regulated rather than a normative problem to be ruled on – The aff asks the wrong question: it’s not how should we use targeted killing, but should we use targeted killing at all. Disrupting the law’s normative power is critical to solve

Krasmann 12 (Susanne, prof. Dr, Institute for Criminological Research, University of Hamburg, and#34;Targeted Killing and Its Law: On a Mutually Constitutive Relationship,and#34; Leiden Journal of International Law (2012), 25, pg. 678)

The legal debate on targeted killing, particularly that referring to the US practice,
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threats and security, and in the dispute about targeted killing operations’ legality.¶ 

Their focus on oversight makes militarism more palatable without changing the fundamental coordinates within which militarism operates

Krause 11 (Keith, Grad Inst for Int’l Dev’t Studies in Geneva, and#34;Leashing the Dogs of War: Arms Control from Sovereignty to Governmentalityand#34;, http://www.academia.edu/3725282/-http://www.academia.edu/3725282/** _Leashing_the_Dogs_of_War_Arms_Control_from_Sovereignty_to_Governmentality_Contemporary_Security_Policy_32_1_April_2011_)

A second exemplar of the international communities approach to the broader issue of security sector
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attempts to reshape how violence is institutionalized and instrumentally used are often successful.

Militarism causes a constant state of war that results in extinction.

Istavan Mezaros, not a fan of capitalism, 2003, "Militarism and the coming wars"

It is not for the first time in history, in our days, that
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strategic document does, make Hitler’s irrationality look like the model of rationality. 

Our alternative is to reject the affirmatives crisis driven politics - this is key to create sustainable resistance to militaristic violence

Cuomo, Professor of Philosophy, 1996 Chris, Hypatia 11.4, proquest

Moving away from crisis-driven politics and ontologies concerning war and military violence also
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the and#34;war on crime,and#34; and other state-funded militaristic campaigns.

Tournament: Wsu | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas Foreman-Goh | Judge: Taylor

Focus the president ensures the aff will only strengthen the will to will, which renders all humans standing reserve. The actions of leaders are merely the effects, not the cause of this process.

MITCHELL 2005 ANDREW J. MITCHELL Associate Professor of Philosophy @ Emory "HEIDEGGER AND TERRORISM" Research in Phenomenology, 35 p 188-90
The will that dominates the modern era is personal, even if, as is
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political designations and are each¶ outmoded today. The leaders are slaves.

The affirmative’s restriction on war powers naturalizes the Western imperial project by representing it as more benign, more peaceful, which enables ontological violence and the eradication of alterity.

Spanos 2000 (William V., America’s Shadow: An Anatomy of Empire, p. 56-9, DS)

The end of the pursuit of knowledge, according to this developed — postcolonial —
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of the dominant culture’s representation of the contemporary, "postcolonial," occasion.

Devastation is the end result of the will that renders all beings as exchangeable standing reserve. The world becomes an unworld devoid of life and full of terror. Extinction would be a respite from this condition.

MITCHELL 2005 ANDREW J. MITCHELL Associate Professor of Philosophy @ Emory "HEIDEGGER AND TERRORISM" Research in Phenomenology, 35 p 206-207
Devastation (Verwüstung) is the process by which the world becomes a desert (
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, being itself is what terrorizes.¶ Terror is the threat of being.

The alt is to do nothing in the instance of the aff. This allows being to rest and short-circuits the will, which can only devastate the earth.

MITCHELL 2005 ANDREW J. MITCHELL Associate Professor of Philosophy @ Emory "HEIDEGGER AND TERRORISM" Research in Phenomenology, 35 p 211-213
The loss of national differences is accordant with the advent of terrorism, since terrorism
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There is no security; this¶ is what we have to preserve.