Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Mo State CC | Judge: Brett Bricker
Contention 1 – Proliferation

Iran will reach critical capacity by 2014 – Now is key to stop proliferation

Albright Et Al 2013, David Albright President, Institute for Science and International Security Mark Dubowitz Executive Director, Foundation for Defense of Democracies, Orde Kittrie Professor of Law, Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law, Arizona State University Leonard Spector Deputy Director, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies Michael Yaffe Professor, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University, U.S. Nonproliferation Strategy for the changing Middle East, The Project on U.S. Middle East Nonproliferation Strategy January 2013, Washington, D.C. isis-online.org/uploads/isis-reports/documents/FinalReport.pdf

Based on the current … rapidly as possible. 

Iranian proliferation ensures a rapid destabilization of the Middle East and Saudi proliferation

Edelman Et Al 2011, Edelman, Eric S., Krepinevich, Andrew F., Montgomery, Evan Braden, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 90, Issue 1  “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran” Ebsco

The reports of … chief rival, India.

Most likely scenario for escalation

Horowitz 2009, Michael, Department of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53, No. 2, April

Learning as states … of the adopter.

Their deterrence evidence doesn’t assume the Middle East – Saudi proliferation would escalate to full-scale nuclear war

Edelman Krepinevich and Montgomery 2011, Eric, Andrew, and Evan, Foreign Affairs, “The Dangers of NATO a Nuclear Iran Subtitle: The Limits of Containment”, Lexis

Were Saudi Arabia to … with unpredictable consequences. 

Iranian proliferation causes conflict with Israel

Edelman Et Al 2011, Edelman, Eric S., Krepinevich, Andrew F., Montgomery, Evan Braden, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 90, Issue 1  “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran” Ebsco

Given Israel's status … would be unstable.

That escalates to full scale war

Adamsky 2011, Dima Adamsky is an Assistant Professor at the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy, and Strategy at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya and the author of The Culture of Military Innovation. The scenarios discussed here are speculative and do not represent the views of any official in the Israeli government, Foreign affairs, march – april 2011, lexis

The insecurity generated … current deterrence models

Extinction

Moore 2009, Carole, author, activist, leader of Libertarians for Peace, “Israeli Nuclear Threats and Blackmail”, http://www.carolmoore.net/nuclearwar/israelithreats.html

The phrase the “…. The ultimate justice?"39 

Contention 2 – Moderates

The election of Iranian moderate president Rouhani provides the opportune environment to strengthen diplomatic relations

Luers Et Al 5-30-2013, William Luers,  William Luers is Director of The Iran Project and Adjunct Professor at SIPA, Columbia University. He was US Ambassador to Venezuela and Czechoslovakia. (August 2013), Thomas R. Pickering was formerly US Under Secretary of State and Ambassador to Russia, Israel, India, Jordan, El Salvador, Nigeria, and the UN. (August 2013), Jim Walsh is on the faculty of the MIT Security Studies Program and Political Science Department. He was previously Executive Director of the Managing the Atom Project at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. (August 2013), Thomas R. Pickering, and Jim Walsh, For a New Approach to Iran, www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2013/aug/15/new-approach-iran/?pagination=false

Given the more … a weak economy.

And, Moderate movements are gaining momentum 

Dobbins 2012, James, former Assistant Secretary of State and now directs the International Security and Defense Policy Center at the Rand Corporation, “Coping with a Nuclearising Iran”, Survival, Vol 53, No 6

Reformers in Iran … Iranian people reject.
 

Containment empowers hardliners – isolation fails 

Dobbins 2012, James, former Assistant Secretary of State and now directs the International Security and Defense Policy Center at the RAND Corporation, “Coping with a Nuclearising Iran”, Survival, Vol 53, No 6

The United States … the dominant challenge.
  

Reversal of containment policies is necessary to strengthen moderate reform movements in Iran 

Keynoush 2012, Banafsheh, independent scholar lecturer and private-sector consultant, she specializes in Iranian and Middle Eastern affairs, she was an accredited interpreter with the European Commission and worked as an interpreter with three Iranian Presidents and a Nobel Laureate; “Iran after Ahmadinejad”, Survival, Vol 54, No 3

What is clear is … with principlist groups.

Hardliner control ensures state sponsored terrorism

Dobbins 2012, James, former Assistant Secretary of State and now directs the International Security and Defense Policy Center at the Rand Corporation, “Coping with a Nuclearising Iran”, Survival, Vol 53, No 6

The anti-American … all Iran’s nuclear programme.
 

Nuclear terrorism is an existential threat—it escalates to nuclear war with Russia and China

Ayson 2010, 7-7-2010, Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld

But these two … or unwilling to provide.
 

Contention 3 – SOP

Statutory restriction on executive war-making toward Iran solves separation of powers. The constitution gives congress war-making authority

Bandow 2012, Doug Bandow is a senior fellow at the Cato Institute. A former Special Assistant to President Ronald Reagan, he is the author and editor of several books, including The Politics of Plunder: Misgovernment in Washington, Attack Iran? Ask Congress to Declare War, The American Spector, It is time to end the era of executive war-making, spectator.org/archives/2012/01/04/attack-iran-ask-congress-to-de

Declarations of war … executive war-making.

Congress is key – Only statuary limitations restrict the president’s authority and redistribute power

Capito 2007, Charles L., Wash and Lee L. Reve. 297, 2007, Inadequate Checks and Balances: Critiquing the Imbalance of Power in Arms Export Regulation?, flaw.wlu.edu/deptimages/Law20Review/64-120Capito20Note.pdf

B. A Congressional Solution Is … in foreign relations.25
 

Separation of Powers is essential to Hegemony – Democratic institutions produce credibility better

Ikenberry 2001, John G. Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.  He is also Co-Director of Princeton’s Center for International Security Studies. Ikenberry is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, Korea. In 2013-2014 Ikenberry will be the 72nd Eastman Visiting Professor at Balliol College, Oxford. The National Interest, Getting Hegemon Right, www.columbia.edu/itc/sipa/U6800/readings-sm/Ikenberry_Hegemony.pdf

First, America's mature …of the United States.
 

U.S. withdrawal would leave behind a power vacuum, spurring terrorism, economic turmoil and multiple nuclear wars.

Ferguson  2004, Niall, July/August , “A World Without Power,” Foreign Policy, Issue 143

So what is left? …new world disorder
 

Even small violations of separation of powers must be avoided like nuclear war risks

Redish and Cisar 1991, Professor of law at Northwestern and Law Clerk to Chief Judge William Bauer, United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Martin H. and Elizabeth J., December 1991, IF ANGELS WERE TO GOVERN" *: the Need for Pragmatic Formalism in Separation of Powers Theory ,1992 Duke Law Journal, 41 Duke L.J. 449, p. 474

In summary, no … saying, “I told you so.”
 

Congress checking Obamas war-making authority in Iran is essential to check a presidential monopoly of power

Kalb and and OHanlon 2013, Marvin Kalb, Nonresident Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Marvin Kalb focuses on the impact of media on public policy and politics. He is also an expert in national security, with a focus on U.S. relations with Russia, Europe and the Middle East. His most recent book is The Road to War: Presidential Commitments Honored and Betrayed, available May 10, 2013 from Brookings Institution Press, Director of Research, Foreign Policy, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence, Michael OHanlon specializes in national security and defense policy and is senior author of the Iraq and Afghanistan Index, projects. Before joining Brookings, O'Hanlon worked as a national security analyst at the Congressional Budget Office. His current research agenda includes military strategy and technology, Northeast Asia, U.S. Central Command, and defense budgets, among other defense/security issues, an opportunity for Congress on the Road to War with Iran, States News Service, WASHINGTON, DC, and Brookings Institution

Editor's Note: Our Brookings … a presidential monopoly.

Contention 4 – Solvency

Plan: The United States federal government should increase statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President in the area of introducing Armed Forces into hostilities with the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The plan nullifies the authority to attack Iran, established broadly by statutes in 2001 and 2002

Ritter 2007, Scott Ritter, a former Marine intelligence officer, served as a chief weapons inspector for the United Nations in Iraq from 1991 to 1998, 27 December 2007. “Stop The Iran War Before It Starts,” http://www.countercurrents.org/iran-ritter270107.htm

If hearings show … President through command.

Removing the president’s threat of force strengthens the diplomatic track toward Iran – The threat of force only damages diplomacy 

Luers Et All 2013, William Luers, Director of the Iran Project; Iris Beiri, The iran Project Coordinator, and Priscilla Lewis, editor for the Iran Project, Thomas R. Pickering, Jim Walsh of MIR and Stephen Hentz of Rockefeller Brother Fund, The Iran Project is a Non-Government Organization that seeks to Improve Official Contacts between the United States and Iranian Governments, Founded in 2002 b the United Nations Association of the USA, The Iran Project, strategic Options for Iran: Balancing Pressure with Dipomacy, pg 41-42, http://www.scribd.com/doc/136389836/Strategic-Options-for-Iran-Balancing-Pressure-with-Diplomacy#fullscreen

IV. Strengthening The Diplomatic … to use military force. 

Strengthened diplomacy is critical to prevent Iranian proliferation. Rapprochement is essential

Mahfouz 2009, Melissa March 25 2009 “Iran and Obama Rapprochement”, http://www.ivorytowerz.com/2009/03/iran-obamas-rapprochement.html

President Barack Obama’s …political fruition.
 

The plan spurs future diplomacy – This ensures no more proliferation

Al-Ahram 2013, Al-Ahram Weekly, “Negotiating with Iran”, August 22,  http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/2171/19/Negotiating-with-Iran.aspx

The sanctions have … cannot be gained unless 

The plan would work best – prevents proliferation and encourages peaceful integration into the multilateral system

Dobbins 2012, James, former Assistant Secretary of State and now directs the International Security and Defense Policy Center at the Rand Corporation, “Coping with a Nuclearising Iran”, Survival, Vol 53, No 6

By contrast, a … painful that may be.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Michigan BJ | Judge:
Contention 1 – Proliferation

Iran will reach critical capacity by 2014 – Now is key to stop proliferation

Albright Et Al 2013, David Albright President, Institute for Science and International Security Mark Dubowitz Executive Director, Foundation for Defense of Democracies, Orde Kittrie Professor of Law, Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law, Arizona State University Leonard Spector Deputy Director, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies Michael Yaffe Professor, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University, U.S. Nonproliferation Strategy for the changing Middle East, The Project on U.S. Middle East Nonproliferation Strategy January 2013, Washington, D.C. isis-online.org/uploads/isis-reports/documents/FinalReport.pdf

Based on the … as rapidly as possible. 

Iran prolif destablizies the region - causes Saudi prolif
Edelman Et Al 2011, Edelman, Eric S., Krepinevich, Andrew F., Montgomery, Evan Braden, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 90, Issue 1  “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran” Ebsco

The reports of the … its chief rival, India.

Most likely scenario for escalation
Horowitz 2009, Michael, Department of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53, No. 2, April

Learning as states gain … preferences of the adopter.

Their deterrence evidence doesn’t assume the Middle East – Saudi proliferation would escalate to full-scale nuclear war
Edelman Krepinevich and Montgomery 2011, Eric, Andrew, and Evan, Foreign Affairs, “The Dangers of NATO a Nuclear Iran Subtitle: The Limits of Containment”, Lexis

Were Saudi Arabia to … with unpredictable consequences. 

Iranian proliferation causes conflict with Israel
Edelman Et Al 2011, Edelman, Eric S., Krepinevich, Andrew F., Montgomery, Evan Braden, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 90, Issue 1  “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran” Ebsco

Given Israel's status …competition would be unstable.

That escalates to full scale war
Adamsky 2011, Dima Adamsky is an Assistant Professor at the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy, and Strategy at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya and the author of The Culture of Military Innovation. The scenarios discussed here are speculative and do not represent the views of any official in the Israeli government, Foreign affairs, march – april 2011, lexis

The insecurity generated … current deterrence models

Extinction
Moore 2009, Carole, author, activist, leader of Libertarians for Peace, “Israeli Nuclear Threats and Blackmail”, http://www.carolmoore.net/nuclearwar/israelithreats.html

The phrase the “…. The ultimate justice?"39 

Contention 2 – Democratic Credbility
The U.S. is currently funding democracy programs in Iran but the U.S. lacks a coherent strategy because of covert and overt presidential military operations. The threat of force undermines democratization efforts in Iran unsuccessful –  congress is key 

Hassan 9-28-2013, Kawa Hassan, Stephan de Vries Studied International Relations at the University of Amsterdam and is a,  Currently, he is a researcher on democratization issues and Iranian politics at the Knowledge Program ‘Civil Society in West Asia’ at the University of Amsterdam, Hivos Knowledge Program, United States Policy on ‘Democratizing’ Iran: Effects and Consequences by Stephan De Vries, www.hivos.net/Hivos-Knowledge-Programme/Themes/Civil-Society-in-West-Asia/Countries/Iran/United-States-Policy-on-Democratizing-Iran-Effects-and-Consequences

The 2009 Iranian … regarding the issue (McInerney 2010: 15).

Credibility of democratic liberal institution building is essential to prevent extinction – multiple scenarios
Ikenberry, 2011 (G. John, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, “A World of Our Making”, Democracy Journal, Issue 21, Summer, http://www.democracyjournal.org/21/a-world-of-our-making-1.php?page=all)

Grand Strategy as … process of gaining it back.

The success of Iran democratization is essential to the overall perception of the credibility of U.S. Democratic credibility 

Hassan 9-28-2013, Kawa Hassan, Stephan de Vries Studied International Relations at the University of Amsterdam and is a,  Currently, he is a researcher on democratization issues and Iranian politics at the Knowledge Program ‘Civil Society in West Asia’ at the University of Amsterdam, Hivos Knowledge Program, United States Policy on ‘Democratizing’ Iran: Effects and Consequences by Stephan De Vries, www.hivos.net/Hivos-Knowledge-Programme/Themes/Civil-Society-in-West-Asia/Countries/Iran/United-States-Policy-on-Democratizing-Iran-Effects-and-Consequences

Consequences of the Effects
The previous section … U.S. long term interests.

Contention 3 – SOP

Statutory restriction on executive war-making toward Iran solves separation of powers -the constitution gives congress war-making authority

Bandow 2012, Doug Bandow is a senior fellow at the Cato Institute. A former Special Assistant to President Ronald Reagan, he is the author and editor of several books, including The Politics of Plunder: Misgovernment in Washington, Attack Iran? Ask Congress to Declare War, The American Spector, It is time to end the era of executive war-making, spectator.org/archives/2012/01/04/attack-iran-ask-congress-to-de

Declarations of war … executive war-making.

Congress is key – Only statuary limitations restrict the president’s authority and redistribute power

Capito 2007, Charles L., Wash and Lee L. Reve. 297, 2007, Inadequate Checks and Balances: Critiquing the Imbalance of Power in Arms Export Regulation?, flaw.wlu.edu/deptimages/Law20Review/64-120Capito20Note.pdf

B. A Congressional Solution Is … authority in foreign relations.25 

Presidential discretion results in miscalc and war – congressional approval ensures Separation of Powers
Adler, 2011 (David, Director of the Andrus Center for Public Policy at Boise State University, where he holds an appointment as the Cecil Andrus Professor of Public Affairs; “Presidential Ascendancy in Foreign Affairs and the Subversion of the Constitution”, Presented to the German-American Conference on “Comparisons of Parliamentary and Coordinated Power (Presidential) Systems, March 4-8, 2011, Bloomington, Indiana; http://www.civiced.org/pdfs/GermanAmericanConf2011/Adler.pdf)

A considerable literature … two centuries ago.

Even small violations of separation of powers must be avoided
Redish and Cisar 1991, Professor of law at Northwestern and Law Clerk to Chief Judge William Bauer, United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Martin H. and Elizabeth J., December 1991, IF ANGELS WERE TO GOVERN" *: the Need for Pragmatic Formalism in Separation of Powers Theory ,1992 Duke Law Journal, 41 Duke L.J. 449, p. 474

In summary, no … of saying, “I told you so.”

Congress checking Obamas war-making authority in Iran is essential to check a presidential monopoly of power

Kalb and and OHanlon 2013, Marvin Kalb, Nonresident Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Marvin Kalb focuses on the impact of media on public policy and politics. He is also an expert in national security, with a focus on U.S. relations with Russia, Europe and the Middle East. His most recent book is The Road to War: Presidential Commitments Honored and Betrayed, available May 10, 2013 from Brookings Institution Press, Director of Research, Foreign Policy, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence, Michael OHanlon specializes in national security and defense policy and is senior author of the Iraq and Afghanistan Index, projects. Before joining Brookings, O'Hanlon worked as a national security analyst at the Congressional Budget Office. His current research agenda includes military strategy and technology, Northeast Asia, U.S. Central Command, and defense budgets, among other defense/security issues, an opportunity for Congress on the Road to War with Iran, States News Service, WASHINGTON, DC, and Brookings Institution

Editor's Note: Our Brookings colleagues … to be a presidential monopoly.

Contention 4 – Solvency

Plan: The United States federal government should increase statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President in the area of introducing Armed Forces into hostilities with the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The plan nullifies the authority to attack Iran, established broadly by statutes in 2001 and 2002

Ritter 2007, Scott Ritter, a former Marine intelligence officer, served as a chief weapons inspector for the United Nations in Iraq from 1991 to 1998, 27 December 2007. “Stop The Iran War Before It Starts,” http://www.countercurrents.org/iran-ritter270107.htm

If hearings show … President through command.

Removing the president’s threat of force strengthens the diplomatic track toward Iran – The threat of force only damages diplomacy 

Luers Et All 2013, William Luers, Director of the Iran Project; Iris Beiri, The iran Project Coordinator, and Priscilla Lewis, editor for the Iran Project, Thomas R. Pickering, Jim Walsh of MIR and Stephen Hentz of Rockefeller Brother Fund, The Iran Project is a Non-Government Organization that seeks to Improve Official Contacts between the United States and Iranian Governments, Founded in 2002 b the United Nations Association of the USA, The Iran Project, strategic Options for Iran: Balancing Pressure with Dipomacy, pg 41-42, http://www.scribd.com/doc/136389836/Strategic-Options-for-Iran-Balancing-Pressure-with-Diplomacy#fullscreen

IV. Strengthening The Diplomatic … to use military force. 

Diplomacy reverses containment and prevents proliferation and Iranian supported terrorism – Negotiating credibility is essential.

Sofaer 7-30-2013, Abraham D. Sofaer, who served as legal adviser to the US Department of State from 1985 to 1990, was appointed the first George P. Shultz Distinguished Scholar and Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution in 1994.  During his service as legal adviser, he was responsible for US/Iran negotiations at the Iran/US Tribunal in The Hague, Taking on Iran: Strength, Diplomacy, and the Iranian Threat by Hoover fellow Abraham D. Sofaer, http://www.hoover.org/news/press-releases/152926

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE … to the present crisis.

Removing the threat of force strengthens Iranian democracy and the credibility of U.S. democracy promotion. Iran democratization strengthens moderates, prevents terrorist support, and cements U.S.-Iran relations. The alternative is Middle East destabilization.  

Simakovsky 2013 , Mark Simakovsky Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University Trevor Monroe Editor, Reassessing Regime Change: U.S. National Security Strategy towards Iran, The Journal of IPS International Policy Solutions, UCSD Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies,  irps.ucsd.edu/assets/004/5375.pdf

Political and Security … peace and prosperity. 

The plan spurs future diplomacy – This ensures no more proliferation

Al-Ahram 2013, Al-Ahram Weekly, “Negotiating with Iran”, August 22,  http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/2171/19/Negotiating-with-Iran.aspx

The sanctions have …, and this cannot be gained unless 

The plan would work best – prevents proliferation and encourages peaceful integration into the multilateral system

Dobbins 2012, James, former Assistant Secretary of State and now directs the International Security and Defense Policy Center at the Rand Corporation, “Coping with a Nuclearising Iran”, Survival, Vol 53, No 6

By contrast, a policy … painful that may be.

Failure to engage Iran in diplomacy motivates Iran’s nuclear policy and makes war inevitable – Current US policy is the driving force behind Iran proliferation efforts

Parsi 2006, Trita the co-founder and current president of the National Iranian American Council, a non-profit educational organization) May 8 2006 “The United States Double vision in Iran”, Open Democracy, http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-iran_war/double-vision_3518.jsp

For the last five … tantamount to choosing war. 

Obama has outlined that it is his executive authority that decides the policy taken in the area of Iran

Fitzpatrick 2013, Mark, Director of the IISS Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Programme, “Iran Will Determine Obama’s Legacy”, Survival, Vol 54, No 6, December/January

Obama’s nuclear policy … foreign policy legacy.

Dialogue allows for cooperation on a wide range of issues and denuclearization 

Brzezinski 2008, Mark an international lawyer in Washington, served on the National Security Council staff in the Clinton administration, and Ray Takeyh, Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, January 11 2008 “Forging ties with Iran” The Boston Globe, http://www.cfr.org/iran/forging-ties-iran/p15247?breadcrumb=/region/404/iran

The recent tension … prosperous and secure.