Tournament: JMU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Liberty CS | Judge: Oliver Brass
Observation 1: Inherency
Cyber-Operations used now without restriction.
Washington Post 6/7/13 (“Secret cyber directive calls for ability to attack without warning”¶ By Robert O’Harrow Jr. and Barton Gellman¶ http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-06-07/world/39817439_1_cyber-tools-president-obama-directive) 

President Obama called on...just around the corner.

Legal Status of OCO undefined now. This currently allows the executive near unlimited power covered by the smokescreens of intelligence and War Powers. 

Lorber 11 (Eric, “EXECUTIVE WARMAKING AUTHORITY AND OFFENSIVE CYBER OPERATIONS: CAN EXISTING LEGISLATION SUCCESSFULLY CONSTRAIN PRESIDENTIAL POWER?” Journal of Constitutional Law (15:3), pgs. 961-1002)

While a large body of scholarship ...they can¶ lawfully use these tools.

Courts should rule to clarify OCO as part of congressional war powers rather than an undefined power assumed by the president and military, choosing targets without authorization. This conforms with previous precedent. 

Rollins and Henning 9 (John Rollins, Specialist in Terrorism and National Security at CRS, and Anna Henning, Legislative Attorney, March 10, 2009, Congressional Research Service, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R40427.pdf)
Assuming that the President’s war or foreign affairs ...within the Hamdi interpretation of the 2001 ¶ ¶ Authorization.

Plan: The U.S Supreme Court should rule to restrict the deployment of Offensive Cyber Operations to congressional declarations of war or authorizations of military action under the War Powers Resolution. 

Observation 2: Harms
Harm 1: Citizenship
The rhetoric of cyber-war is used to restrict dialogue over the internet and subordinate it to state control. The advent of infrastructure destroying worms is similar to that of the atomic bomb in what is being spun by top security officials as the New Cold War. This unrestrained state of emergency allows the government full powers to intensify surveillance and action against those disseminating ideas over the net. Judicial restriction and legal codification restrains these abuses of power and removes the State of Emergency. 

Singel 10 (Ryan, August 10th, “Cyberwar Hype Intended to Destroy the Open Internet”. Wired.) 

The biggest threat to the open internet...into a controlled, surveillance-friendly net.¶ 

A free internet’s massive amount of choice in consumption forms small publics. These publics are groups of individuals engaged with a certain form of media and they are aware of each other as subjects as well as of their shared connection. This type of relationship can be the basis for organic political action.

Terranova 7’ (Tiziana, Apr. 26th, Futurepublic: On Information Warfare, Bio-racism and Hegemony as Noopolitics, Theory Culture Society 2007 24: 125, 140-141)

Distributed networks and patchwork technologies...virtually¶ capable of giving birth to.

The internet builds small groups of individuals who feel emotional bonds, duties and allegiances to each other rather than the State. The State attempts to dominate our emotional bonds and duties through a master-allegiance, we belong by doing our duty to the State. The smaller citizenships built over the internet undermine this dominance of the State by breaking the absolute-ness of its emotional relationship with the subject. 

Holland 11’ (Eugene, Nomad Citizenship, Free-market Communism, and Slow-motion General Strike pg. 146)

The thrust of the concept of nomad citizenship...the multiple allegiances of nomad citizenship¶ are an Important antidote.

The States’ continuation of its master-allegiance leads to endless imperial wars. These wars are endless because the State must always clear out the over-production of Capital and shore up the allegiance of its citizens through war fervor. 

Holland 6 (Eugene W., “Nomad Citizenship and Global Democracy” in Deleuze Connections: Deleuze and the Social Ed. Martin Fuglsang, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 201-202)

This does not, however, mean that...citizens’ master-allegiance to the state.

Harm 2: Anti-Humanism

This state of emergency allows for ever more extreme responses from the Executive, up to declaring the relationship between friends and enemies one between humans and sub-humans. The State of Emergency allows the unrestrained sovereign to decide the humanity of the combatants. The notion of the human itself contains this inherent exclusivity. 

Newman et al. 9 (Saul, with Damien Cox and Michael Levine, Politics Most Unusual, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pgs. 84-86)

A further departure from the Schmittian...through the elimination of a¶ subhuman enemy.

The free usage of information technologies breaks the hegemony of the figure of the human. This free development allows the human to be reconceptualized as connected with others, animals, and the technology it uses. Our sense of self is based on this technology and the others who appear over it. This shift is transhumanism, the psychic reframing of what is or is not part of us and our relationships to so-called others.  

Land 6 (Chris, “Becoming-Cyborg: Changing the Subject of the Social?” in Deleuze Connections: Deleuze and the Social Ed. Martin Fuglsang, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pgs. 120-121)

But if man’s linguistic god-complex...Both¶ are seeking an escape from the human, but are they equivalent?

The forsaking of the human form in favor of the trans-human removes the Oedipal triangle, in which, we are told that in order to be people we have to have a certain set of pre-scribed desires. If we act as though we do not have these prescribed desires, we feel the need to kill off the parts of ourselves that don’t fit. When we dissolve the concrete boundaries of this identity with our trans-humanity, we break down the Oedipal complex which removes the internal killing.
Land 6 (Chris, “Becoming-Cyborg: Changing the Subject of the Social?” in Deleuze Connections: Deleuze and the Social Ed. Martin Fuglsang, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 123-124)

An alternative to post-humanism ...You scrape away your face and step into the dark . . .¶

The war machine is a constant state of violence that needs new targets to fuel itself. The face of the universal human being is that fuel. This is accompanied by the penetration of human-ness into every part of our daily life, in which our ability to express shared humanity is present in our intervention. This is the logic behind actions like the proposed intervention in Syria, where our humanity is threatened by merely “standing by”. 

Land 6 (Chris, “Becoming-Cyborg: Changing the Subject of the Social?” in Deleuze Connections: Deleuze and the Social Ed. Martin Fuglsang, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 126-128)

We should be wary then of calls...process¶ of ‘anthropological deregulation’. 

The current capitalist, humanist and Oedipal system causes us to desire our own death. We are always running away from death as we are obsessed with things we desire, but in this, we are also running to our own death because it becomes the thing that we desire. This desiring of death is caused by our current historical and social position, only changing our way of desiring can free us from our own death. 

Deleuze and Guattari 77 (Gilles Deleuze.  Smart French Guy.  Felix Guattari.  Also smart, questionably French.  Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia Volume 1.  Originally published in French in 1972.  Translated Edition published in 1977.  University of Minnesota Press 1983.  Thirteenth Edition.  ISBN:  978-0-8166-1225-3.  Pg. 335-338)
The only modern myth is...a question of regime.

Tournament: CEDA | Round: 5 | Opponent: Gonzaga EC | Judge: Chris Loghry
Part 1 is Crackdown
The rhetoric of cyber-war is used to restrict dialogue over the internet and subordinate it to state control. The State’s increasing control over the cyber-realm, when paired with this unrestrained state of emergency, makes incessant surveillance and crackdown inevitable. 

Singel 10 (Ryan, August 10th, “Cyberwar Hype Intended to Destroy the Open Internet”. Wired.) 

The biggest threat to the open internet...controlled, surveillance-friendly net.¶ 

A free internet’s massive amount of choice in consumption forms small publics. This connection between disparate individuals is the basis for collective political action. 

Terranova 7’ (Tiziana, Apr. 26th, Futurepublic: On Information Warfare, Bio-racism and Hegemony as Noopolitics, Theory Culture Society 2007 24: 125, 140-141)

Distributed networks and patchwork...are virtually¶ capable of giving birth to.

The internet builds small groups of individuals who feel emotional bonds, duties and allegiances to each other rather than the State. The State attempts to dominate our emotional bonds and duties through a master-allegiance, we belong by doing our duty to the State. These bonds let us mobilize against state threat construction. 

Holland 11’ (Eugene, Nomad Citizenship, Free-market Communism, and Slow-motion General Strike pg. 146)

The thrust of the concept... of nomad citizenship¶ are an Important antidote.

The States’ continuation of its master-allegiance leads to endless imperial wars. These wars are endless because the State must always clear out the over-production of Capital and shore up the allegiance of its citizens through war fervor. 

Holland 6 (Eugene W., “Nomad Citizenship and Global Democracy” in Deleuze Connections: Deleuze and the Social Ed. Martin Fuglsang, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 201-202)

This does not, however, ... way left to sustain citizens’ master-allegiance to the state.

Part 2: Anti-Humanism

The free usage of information technologies breaks the hegemony of the figure of the human. This free development allows the human to be reconceptualized as connected with others, animals, and the technology it uses. Our sense of self is based on this technology and the others who appear over it. This shift is transhumanism, the psychic reframing of what is or is not part of us and our relationships to so-called others.  We disavow the gendered language. 

Land 6 (Chris, “Becoming-Cyborg: Changing the Subject of the Social?” in Deleuze Connections: Deleuze and the Social Ed. Martin Fuglsang, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pgs. 120-121)

But if man’s linguistic god-complex ... seeking an escape from the human, but are they equivalent?

The forsaking of the human form in favor of the trans-human removes the Oedipal triangle, in which, we are told that in order to be people we have to have a certain set of pre-scribed desires. If we act as though we do not have these prescribed desires, we feel the need to kill off the parts of ourselves that don’t fit. When we dissolve the concrete boundaries of this identity with our trans-humanity, we break down the Oedipal complex which removes the internal killing.
Land 6 (Chris, “Becoming-Cyborg: Changing the Subject of the Social?” in Deleuze Connections: Deleuze and the Social Ed. Martin Fuglsang, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 123-124)

An alternative to post-humanism ... your face and step into the dark . . .¶ (Land 1995: 204)¶ 

The war machine is a constant state of violence that needs new targets to fuel itself. The face of the universal human being is that fuel. This is accompanied by the penetration of human-ness into every part of our daily life, in which our ability to express shared humanity is present in our intervention. This is the logic behind actions like the proposed intervention in Syria, where our humanity is threatened by merely “standing by”. 

Land 6 (Chris, “Becoming-Cyborg: Changing the Subject of the Social?” in Deleuze Connections: Deleuze and the Social Ed. Martin Fuglsang, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 126-128)

We should be wary then of calls ... can free us from our own death. 

Deleuze and Guattari 77 (Gilles Deleuze.  Smart French Guy.  Felix Guattari.  Also smart, questionably French.  Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia Volume 1.  Originally published in French in 1972.  Translated Edition published in 1977.  University of Minnesota Press 1983.  Thirteenth Edition.  ISBN:  978-0-8166-1225-3.  Pg. 335-338)
The only modern myth is the myth...swallowed up-a question of regime.

Thus we affirm our transhuman being in the face of state cyber-militarism.
We know the cyber-technology is inevitable – what matters is how we use it. Our non-violent, affirmative appropriation of internet technology is key to thwart militaristic uses. 

Herbrechter 13 (Stefan, Posthumanism: A Critical Analysis Bloomsbury: London, pgs. 25-28)

The first target in both cases,...always already inhabited the core of the human.

Current humanist models of debate education premised on a universal agreement on terms are untenable in the face of the rapacious corporatization of neoliberalism. Only our method of creating communities based on constructive disagreement in this space is able to hedge back against the disintegration of collective frameworks for learning and action.
Herbrechter 13 (Stefan, Posthumanism: A Critical Analysis Bloomsbury: London, pgs. 147-148)

This is what Bill Readings' work ... a common cultural identity' (Readings 1996: 185).

Our methodology of resistance to state security through a method of rhizomatic, dissensual networks is key to creating collective political action against the State. Diverse groups are able to connect and mobilize in successful political actions. Al-Saffar 11
(Dr. Mohammed Al-Saffar: The rise of new youth activism Between April 19 and April 23, 2011, the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies (ACRPS) held a scholarly symposium)
"The concept of the ‘Rhizome,'...by the protestors.

The creation of these new spaces for political alliance is necessary for any political agency to manifest itself against the total domination of the political and cultural spheres by capitalism. 

Giroux 11 Henry A.,Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department, Left Behind? American Youth and the Global Fight for Democracy http://www.truth-out.org/left-behind-american-youth-and-global-fight-democracy68042

As more and more young people...pervasive ideological and structural changes.