Tournament: Clarion | Round: 4 | Opponent: United States Military Barlow-Saker | Judge: Weiner
Observation One: Inherency 

The status quo military treats women like second-class citizens. This makes their jobs more difficult and places women in the military at a higher rate to have violence committed against them.

Benedict, 2009  Helen Benedict is a professor in social issues, and international affairs at Columbia University. She is a novelist and journalist specializing in issues of social injustice and war focusing on women soldiers, military sexual assault, and Iraqi refugees. Her nonfiction book, "The Lonely Soldier: The Private War of Women Serving in Iraq," (2009 and 2010, Beacon Press) -- won her the Ida B. Wells Award for Bravery in Journalism in 2013, when she was also named one of the “21 Leaders for the 21st. Century” by Womens eNews. In 2010, this work also won the EMMA (Exceptional Merit In Media Award) from the National Women's Political Caucus, and the Ken Book Award from the National Alliance on Mental Illness.

Army specialist Mickiela Montoya ... upon in battle.

Gender Discrimination runs rampant in the status quo military structure, womens role in the military and women do not have equal status when it comes to many areas of military practice.
Amanda Painter, May 23, 2013
Gender Discrimination is ... achieve equal rights?

Plan Text: Thus my partner and I advocate that the United States Supreme Court should rule on 14th Amendment Equal Protection grounds  that the President of the United States must order the creation of all-female special operations units for immediate deployment into ongoing combat missions.

Observation Two is the Harms 

First, Structural Violence 

This discrimination of women throughout the military leads to sexual assault, harassment, and many violations of human rights.   

Benedict 2009  Helen Benedict is a professor in social issues, and international affairs at Columbia University. She is a novelist and journalist specializing in issues of social injustice and war focusing on women soldiers, military sexual assault, and Iraqi refugees. Her nonfiction book, "The Lonely Soldier: The Private War of Women Serving in Iraq," (2009 and 2010, Beacon Press) -- won her the Ida B. Wells Award for Bravery in Journalism in 2013, when she was also named one of the “21 Leaders for the 21st. Century” by Womens eNews. In 2010, this work also won the EMMA (Exceptional Merit In Media Award) from the National Women's Political Caucus, and the Ken Book Award from the National Alliance on Mental Illness.

The majority of ... and Afghanistan wars.

Due to the rampant inequality women in the military are more likely to be raped and are forced to live in silence.
Dean, psychologist and Navy veteran, 1997. Donna, Warriors Without Weapons, 12, NJC)

“Things did happen... and the correct.”

This type of violence is a form of structural violence, perpetuated against women in the military due to their seen inferiority. Structural violence is, and should be considered the biggest impact in the round. Ignoring structural violence, or stating that it is inevitable, only continues to perpetuate and escalate it.

Peterson, professor of political science at the University of Arizona, 1992  (V. Spike, Gendered States, ed: Peterson, p. 49-52)

Quite simply, and ... violence and its insecurities.

Second is Dehumanization

Structural violence is a form of dehumanization  which is the root cause of nuclear war and genocide—when humans are reduced to means or objects, any atrocity becomes justified
Berube, 1997
(Berube, David. Professor. English. University of South Carolina. “Nanotechnological Prolongevity: The Down Side.” 1997. http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/faculty/berube/prolong.htm.)

Assuming we are ... most powerful weapon.

Once dehumanization happens, and people view others and less than human than violence is more likely to happen.
Maiese, Scholar at CU-Boulder, 2003
(Maiese, Michelle. "Dehumanization." Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Posted: July 2003 http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/dehumanization/.)

While deindividuation and ... the former Yugoslavia.

Dehumanization is the largest impact in this round, we must value each and every  human life.  Ignoring the continued devaluation and dehumanization will lead to the zero-point of the Holocaust.
DILLON 99 (MICHAEL DILLON, UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER, “ANOTHER JUSTICE” POLITICAL THEORY VOL. 27, NO. 2, APRILL 1999, JSTOR)

Otherness is born(e) ... way of being.

Observation 3 is Solvency 

Failure to engage the socialization of gender discrimination ensures a terminally dysfunctional social order. Only through the AFF can we change a distinct and definite form of discrimination that is inequality throughout the military. Unless we do the AFF the problems outlined above, will only continue and get worse over time. The AFF is a critical first step in ending an issue of inequality. 

Warren and Cady, 96 (Karen Warren and Duane Cady, Professors at Macalester and Hamline, Bringing peace home: feminism, violence, and nature, 1996, p. 12-13)

Operationalized, the evidence ... and global contexts.

Denying women access to leadership positions harms society and perpetuates suffering for individual women, only the AFF can end an instance of discrimination and begin to solve the impacts.   
Dean, psychologist and Navy veteran, 1997. Donna, Warriors Without Weapons, 28, NJC

In the long ... to do so. 

Women in special ops and SEALs teams have proven to be more apt at helping and stopping problems of violence within war situations.
 RYM MOMTAZ July 28, 2011
http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/female-navy-seals-special-forces-chief-ready-road/story?id=14180174

He added that ... end of August."

Feminist critiques mistakenly assume that there is no place for women in IR, but the analysis of women’s issues can be taken up by mainstream IR methodologies.  This is better than the K because social scientific methodologies can best quantify and solve the harms of patriarchy.
Caprioli, Dept. of Political Science at the University of Tennessee, 4
Mary, “Feminist IR Theory and Quantitative Methodology: A Critical Analysis,” International Studies Review, Volume: 42, p. 255-259, MM 

Conventional feminist IR ... and social justice’’ (Tickner 2001:61).

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mary Washington Stackhouse-Young | Judge: Katsulas
Contention 1 is Al-Bihani
Al Bihani v Obama is a DC Circuit case that allows the president to detain any member of a terrorist organization, whether or not they are active combatants, and denies those prisoners habeas corpus rights to contest their detainee status.  
Tarnogorski 10
Rafa Tarnogórski is an analyst for the Polish Institute of International Affairs
USA and Laws of War (Al-Bihani v. Obama)
http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?ots591=0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c706023326lng=en26id=112282

On 5 January 2010... purpose and effect.

Al Bihani reverses a long standing habeas corpus restriction on presidential war powers—it’s currently ripe for review by the Supreme Court
Denniston 11
Lyle Denniston, New try on Guantanamo detention, SCOTUSblog (May. 18, 2011, 9:29 PM),http://www.scotusblog.com/2011/05/new-try-on-guantanamo-detention/

One of the more ... Court to provide direction.”

Habeas corpus rights are key to human rights and preventing the state of exception.
Ferrell, 2011 (Brian, Professor of Law at the University of Iowa, “Access to Habeas Corpus: A Human Rights Analysis of US Practices in the War on Terrorism”, 20 Transnat’l L. and Contemp. Probs. 3, via Hein Online Database)

Habeas corpus is a critical safeguard ... emergency powers by the executive.  

Bare life allows us to strip humans of their humanity and exterminate them “as lice”—it justifies genocide by eliminating our ability to see the Other as human.  
Agamben, 2005
(Giorgio, professor of aesthetics at the University of Verona, Homo Sacer, p 113-115)
It is Jean Luc Nancy’s ...virtually all homines sacri.

When politics and life become one, then all life becomes controllable by the sovereign exception. This justifies genocide to maintain “the  body of the people”
Agamben 1998 Giorgio, Prof. of Philosophy and Aesthetics at the University of Verona Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Translated by Daniel Heller-Roazen. P. 147-148
4.2. A few years earlier... becomes the exception.

Finally, human rights protection prevents extinction.
Annas et al 2 Edward R. Utley Prof. and Chair Health Law @ Boston U. School of Public Health and Prof. SocioMedical Sciences and Community Science @ Boston U. School of Medicine and Prof. Law @ Boston U. School of Law George, Lori Andrews, (Distinguished Prof. Law @ Chicago-Kent College of Law and Dir. Institute for Science, Law, and Technology @ Illinois Institute Tech), and Rosario M. Isasa, (Health Law and Biotethics Fellow @ Health Law Dept. of Boston U. School of Public Health), American Journal of Law and Medicine, “THE GENETICS REVOLUTION: CONFLICTS, CHALLENGES AND CONUNDRA: ARTICLE: Protecting the Endangered Human: Toward an International Treaty Prohibiting Cloning and Inheritable Alterations”, 28 Am. J. L. and Med. 151

The development of the atomic bomb ... exists or is on the horizon.

Scenario 2: Credibility
Now is key to set the global standard for human rights protection
Nossel 12
(Suzanne Nossel, executive director of Amnesty International USA, "Time for a Reset on Human Rights," 11-7-12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/11/07/time_for_a_reset_on_human_rights?page=0,1) 

In 2008, Barack Obama's election ... kill list of its own.

The US is key to global human rights protection---indefinite detention undermines US credibility.
Schulz 2009 (William Schulz, Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress, "The Future of Human Rights: Restoring America’s Leadership," www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/10918.pdf)

What has been ... lack the support of others.

Credibility key to foster foreign cooperation and hegemony
Ikenberry 2004 (John, Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton, “Liberal Realism: The Foundations of a Democratic Foreign Policy”, The National Interest, Fall)

The Bush Administration's disregard ... obedience into duty." 

US leadership key to defusing global threats – terrorism, pandemics, climate
Brooks, 2013
Brooks, Stephen G., Ikenberry, G. John, Wohlforth, William C., STEPHEN G. BROOKS is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. G. JOHN IKENBERRY is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul. WILLIAM C. WOHLFORTH is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, Foreign Affairs, “Lean Forward”, Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 92

What goes for the global economy ... of statesmen's minds."