Tournament: JVNovice Nats | Round: 7 | Opponent: JMU LM | Judge:
Contention 1: THE HACKTIVIST UNDER SIEGE

The government is engaged in the politics of fear.  This control manifests itself in lexical warfare carried out against hacktivists
Ludlow 13 (Peter, professor of philosophy at Northwestern University. NY Times, January 13, 2013, What Is a ‘Hacktivist’? http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/what-is-a-hacktivist/?_php=trueand_type=blogsand_r=0

"I believe the debate....but what I found was something else altogether." 

The government quietly used lexical warfare transforming the right of Americans to dissent into an act of domestic terrorism. Under section 802 of the Patriot Act, MLK could legally be labeled a domestic terrorist, treated as an enemy combatant, indefinitely detained and even killed for the simple act of disobedience. So can the digitally correct hacktivist

Watson 6 {Endemic: The Move To Label All Civil Disobedience "Terrorism"
Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act makes peaceful protesters terrorists Steve  Infowars.net Dec 1, 2006

"We have previously...the government say." 

Regardless of merits or behavior, all citizens are entitled to a fair trial. Targeting Americans without review violates due process.  
Adelsberg 12 (Samuel, J.D. – Yale Law School, “Bouncing the Executive's Blank Check: Judicial Review and the Targeting of Citizens,” Harvard Law and Policy Review, Summer, 6 Harv. L. and Pol'y Rev. 437)

"The relevance of these...steadier constitutional ground." 

Thus the plan, the judiciary should restrict the war powers authority of the President of the United States by ruling Section 802 of the Patriot Act unconstitutional.

Contention 2: THE ALGAMIC DEADLOCK

Freedom of information is at the heart of digitally correct hacktivism
Jordan and Taylor 04 (Tim and Paul A., Hacktivism and Cyberwars: Rebels with a cause Routledge Taylor and Francis Group New York 2004. Print. Pgs 101-102)

"Free flows of information...shouting down one’s opponent’ (Ruffin 2000)." 

Free flow of information is critical to the coming algamic economy
Benkler  06 Yochai, The Wealth of Networks, Yale University Press New Haven and London ed. 2006 pp 67-70

"At the heart of...helpful. technological future." 

The Algamic economy allows us to escape arbitrarily-established, top-down images of hierarchical social organization which entrench domination
Bauwens 05 (Micheal, ternet pioneer, creator of 2 dotcom companies, former strategic director of Belgacom, 'European Manager of Thought Leadership' for the U.S. webconsultancy MarchFIRST, editor in chief of “Wave”, taught courses on the anthropology of digital society to postgrads at ICHEC/St. Louis in Brussels, Belgium and related courses at Payap University and Chiang Mai University in Thailand) http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2ptheory1)

"Defining P2P as...the heart of P2P"  

Other nations are modeling these US reductions of freedoms. Every day we get closer to a global police state
Watson 6 {Endemic: The Move To Label All Civil Disobedience "Terrorism"
Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act makes peaceful protesters terrorists Steve  Infowars.net Dec 1 http://infowars.net/articles/december2006/011206terror_legislation.htm}

"The endemic movement...the real threat. " 

Hacktivists are at the front of the information war—revolutions against state oppression connect cyberspace to resistance in the streets globally
Penny 11-writer, journalist and activist who writes regularly for The New Statesman and the Independent, author of books about dissent Laurie, The Nation, “Cyberactivism From Egypt to Occupy Wall Street,” 10/31/2011, http://www.thenation.com/article/163922/rise-digital-natives#, DKP

" “It ended with bringing down...but there’s one thing that" 

The plan’s ability to insure open spaces is vital to resisting facism and solves for total war
Karatzogianni and Robinson ’10 (Athina and Andrew, Power, Resistance and Conflict in the Contemporary World: Social Movements, networks and hierarchies, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group New York 2010 pp 275-276. Print.)

"The good of open space...dialogue themselves" 

Contention 3: GENDER

Hacktivism can act as a site of cultural resistance to patriarchy and gender biases as women play a larger role in the cyber politics
Jordan and Taylor 04 (Tim and Paul A., Hacktivism and Cyberwars: Rebels with a cause Routledge Taylor and Francis Group New York 2004. Print. Pgs 140)

"But hacktivism is a...than just ones within hacking." 

Inclusion in cyber politics is key to subverting status quo gender relations
Wajcman 07 (Judy, “From Women and Technology to Gendered Technoscience”, Information, Communication and Society, Vol 10. Taylor and Francis Group 2007, pgs 295-6)

"The central premise of...gender power relations." 

The hacktivism embraced by the affirmative is the civil disobedience of our age. Our generation has been shaped, controlled, and dominated by cyberspace. Access to flows of information is the new currency of elite power, rupturing these lines of communication is the only way to challenge authoritarian power
Nozomi Hayase in 2013-contributing writer to Culture Unplugged, global citizen blogger @ Journal Between Words, she brings out deeper dimensions of socio-cultural events at the intersection between politics and psychology to share insight on future social evolution, PhD Candidate in Philosophy Nozomi, Counter Punch, “Manning, Snowden and Assange, The Rise of the Internet Dissidents,” 8/13/2013, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/08/13/the-rise-of-the-internet-dissidents/, DKP

"As Russia granted Snowden temporary...open and just society" 

Patriarchy threatens domination of the globe and inevitable extinction
Warren 94. Prof of philosophy at Macalester College. (Ecological Feminism, p. 193-194)

"In a similar vein...itself breeds violence"

And the struggle against security will be modeled globally because the plan inverts the dimensions of dominant control
Dartnell 09 (Michael, “Web activism as an element of global security”, Cyber Conflict and Global Politics, Contemporary Security Studies, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, pg.151-152 2009. Print 63-64)

"The third area in which...particular political vision." 

Contention 4: Solvency

Changing the definition solves
How the USA PATRIOT Act redefines "Domestic Terrorism"
ACLU December 6, 2002 https://www.aclu.org/national-security/how-usa-patriot-act-redefines-domestic-terrorism

"The ACLU does not oppose...damage or violence. " 

Judicial action is key to protect against Patriot Act violations
Xiu, Beijing Foreign Studies University, 2003 (Jie, 28 Seton Hall Legis J. 229)

"In a moment of crisis...the abuses accordingly."

Our advocacy is a key vehicle for the broadening of the definition of hacktivism, the awareness of attacks on language by the government.  Only citizens can determine the meaning of words and their consequences which is key to decide who will win.
Ludlow 13{Peter, professor of philosophy at Northwestern University.  NY Times, January 13, 2013, What Is a ‘Hacktivist’? http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/what-is-a-hacktivist/?_php=trueand_type=blogsand_r=0}

"The intention here...who will win." 

The Internet and hacktivists are uniquely key to altering social relations
Meikle 09 (Graham, “Rivalry in Cyberspace and Virtual Contours of a New Conflict Zone: The Sri Lankan case”,  Cyber Conflict and Global Politics, Contemporary Security Studies, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, pg.177-178 2009. Print.

"ECD is a key example...netwar and terrorism."

Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 6 | Opponent: Liberty Call-Crane | Judge: Maerowitz
Plan:  The judiciary shall restrict presidential war powers by ruling the presidential signing statement interpreting Title X in Division A of the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 attached to the McCain amendment  unconstitutional and limiting future objecting presidential signing statements (OPSS) on indefinite detention to Congressionally-agreed complex issues.     
Advantage One: Thinkability  

The abuse of power embodied in signing statements represents a massive case of presidential over-reach that threatens the Constitution and consistently undermines Congressional authority
Jacobsen 9 {Louis -senior writer, PolitiFact, the Tampa Bay Times Exercising his power or venturing into congressional turf? July 24th http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/obameter/promise/516/no-signing-statements-nullify-instruction-congress/}

The promise comes AND Bush went overboard 

Bush’s use of signing statements revealed the implications of US government rhetoric.   The discourses of torture and nuclear weapons mirror each other as attempts to redefine meaning with words that further elite control and transform the conversation about their use.  Continuing the redefinition of torture deteriorates the norms against unthinkable behaviors and risks global survival and guarantees a global cataclysm
Lichterman in 9 {Andrew, board member, Western States Legal Foundation.
 Deterrence, Torture, Power Western States Legal Foundation Commentary May 2009 http://www.wslfweb.org/docs/deterrencetorturepower.pdf}

In significant ways AND equally, or none. 

Presidential signing statements are the latest tool of normalization that explain “the way things are done”.   Routinized violence begins with a vocabulary that feeds a retreat to ignorance.  Defense intellectuals normalize the unthinkable for the public by legitimizing indefinite detention, torture and nuclear war.  
Hermann 95 {Edward S. --The Banality of Evil  From the book Triumph of the Market 1995 http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article7278.htm}

Arendt’s thesis was AND cultivated, or feigned. 

Opposition to the assumptions and practices of nuclear war creates space for debate to produce new forms of social relations not based in violence and repression.
Austin '85 {Dorothy Austin, "Reinventing Ourselves," Political Psychology, Vol. 6, No. 2, June 1985}
Recently, the Catholic AND terms as well. 

The shaping of policy and the desire to control history lock the US into a fantasy of world control resulting in ever-escalating apocalyptic confrontation. It is how we envision domination that is truly dangerous and the impact is extinction.
Lifton ‘3 (Robert Jay, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Psychology, The City University of New York, Superpower Syndrome, pgs. 8-11)

More than that AND stubbornness of reality. 

The fear that drives this discourse and deterioration of norms contributes every day to the on-going extinction of ecosystems across this planet that cross lines of race, species, culture and status.  We close our eyes to the otherization which allows these travesties to continue under the guise of  “progress.”  Ultimately, it is a question of agency and appetites.  
AbdelRahim in 8 {Dr. Layla, comparatist anthropologist, Ph.D. Université de Montréal, Beyond the Symbolic and towards the Collapse May http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/layla-abdelrahim-beyond-the-symbolic-and-towards-the-collapse} 

Those who are AND diamonds and coal. 

Advantage Two: Deference

Signing Statements are the opening wedge in usurping the Court’s power. Absent change, a major check on executive power disappears
Epstein 6 {Richard-James Parker Hall Distinguished Service Prof, University of Chicago, adjunct scholar,  Cato Institute. The Problem With Presidential Signing Statements Article appeared in Chicago Tribune on July 16 http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/problem-presidential-signing-statements}

Modern understanding of AND in the past. 

The Executive is pushing the court for absolute deference in war powers arena
Bradley 12  {Curtis- William Van Alstyne Prof of Law, Prof of Public Policy Studies and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs. Foreign Official Immunity in U.S. Courts Since Samantar Dec 17, 2012}

The U.S. Court AND head of state.
Just last week, Obama announced plans to bypass Congress, a continuing trend in this administration which both non-uniques their politics scenario and supercharges our timeframe and our impacts.
Bordelon Jan 15  {Brendan-Daily Caller News Foundation, Obama declares Congress redundant: ‘I’ve got a pen, and I’ve got a phone’ http://dailycaller.com/2014/01/14/obama-declares-congress-redundant-ive-got-a-pen-and-ive-got-a-phone-video/}

President Barack Obama AND to make laws. 

Deference destroys civilian control of the military
Gilbert 97, Lieut Colonel, United States Air Forece, 1997 Michael H., USAFA Journal of Legal Studies,

Without an actual AND by the public.
Civilian control of the military critical in preventing nuclear accidents
Born 03, senior fellow in democratic governance at the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2003 (Hans, Civilian control and democratic accountability for nuclear weapons, in H. Haenggi and T. Winkler,  http://www.dcaf.ch/publications/e-publications/Sec_Gov/Chapter206.pdf)

As mentioned in AND control, and custody. 

Now is a key time.  Chief Justice Roberts just flooded court with “pro-government secrecy” appointees which will maximize deference
SAVAGE in 13 {Roberts’s Picks Reshaping Secret Surveillance Court  CHARLIE  Washington correspondent, NY Times. July 25 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/26/us/politics/robertss-picks-reshaping-secret-surveillance-court.html?_r=0}

In making assignments AND the government wins. 

Nuclear accidents risk extinction
Lendman 11   Stephen Lendman. The People’s Voice: News and Viewpoints. “Nuclear meltdown in Japan,” March 13th, 2011. http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan

For years, Helen AND coverup and denial. 

Observation One: Solvency 

Restoring transparency and clarifying intentions for signing statements restores balance of power and preserves legitimacy
Lee in 7 {Malinda-  Managing Editor, UCLA Law Review,  Reorienting the Debate on Presidential Signing Statements: The Need for Transparency in the President's Constitutional Objections, Reservations, and Assertions of Power 55 UCLA L. REV. 705 VOL 55, ISSUE #3

Presidential signing statements AND executive policy tools. 

The Court has the ability to update the WPR to reach a resolution that maintains constitutional provisions
Patera 12 First Lieutenant at United States Air Force and Judicial Law Clerk to the Honorable M. Jacqueline Regis at State of Minnesota  (John, 33 Hamline J. Pub. L. and Pol'y 387, Spring 2012, “War Powers Resolution in the Age of Drone Warfare: How Drone Technology has Dramatically Reduced the Resolution's Effectiveness as a Curb on Executive Power”)

The Resolution came AND or previous precedent. 

The Supreme Court is the key war powers arbiter
Dehn 11 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, United States Military Academy; J.S.D. Candidate, Columbia University Law School. (John C, Spring, 2011, Temple Law Review, 83 Temp. L. Rev. 599, 35085 words, "THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF AND THE NECESSITIES OF WAR: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.")

In spite of AND the United States. 

Courts have a key role to play in defining contemporary war powers
Scheindlin 2004 (Hon. Shira A. Scheindlin, United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York, and Matthew L. Schwartz, clerk for Hon. Shira A. Scheindlin (2002-2004); Columbia College, B.A., 2000; Columbia Law School, J.D., 2002, “WITH ALL DUE DEFERENCE: ¶ JUDICIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN A TIME OF CRISIS,” Hofstra Law Review, Vol 32, No 4, http://www.hofstra.edu/PDF/law_lawrev_scheindlin_vol32no4.pdf)

Since the declaration AND requires nothing less.

Courts produce social change through the symbolic impact on public opinion
Tucker 95 Professor of Political Science at the University of Melbourne,
D.F.B., The Rehnquist Court and Civil Rights, p35-36)

One important issue AND States cultural life.
Respect for the judiciary leads to Executive compliance
Manget 2006 (Fred Manget, a member of the Senior Intelligence Service and a former Deputy General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency, “Intelligence and The Rise of Judicial Intervention,” National Security Law, http://www.nationalsecuritylaw.org/files/pubs/Manget.pdf) 

The developing history AND watching the watchers.

Tournament: Jvnovicenationals | Round: 2 | Opponent: Rochester Abubakare-Lee | Judge: Turnage
With a few strokes of a pen and a carefully-worded memo, Bush undid  months of Congressional negotiation single-handedly guaranteeing the continuation of torture for nearly a decade.   The McCain Amendment signing statement was an egregious extension of war powers that exemplifies the unitary executive gone wild.   Signing statements uniquely emphasize the president’s war powers while undermining legislative action. 

Palmer in 7 {Erin Louise- J.D./M.A, American Univ. Washington College of Law and School of International Service. Reinterpreting Torture: Presidential Signing Statements and the Circumvention of U.S. and International Law http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/14/1palmer.pdf P23} 

The McCain Amendment AND the law is.”

The US response to terrorism has resulted in an autoimmune crisis, exemplified by increasing indefinite detention of citizens, permanent residents, and foreigners. This treatment poses the greatest threat to the US and abroad by undermining the morals we claim to protect.

Addis 7(Boston University Law Review, Vol 87:323 http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/bulr/volume87n2/documents/ADDISv.2.pdf)

In the same AND treated as antigens.

The clash of civilizations approach to torture redefined torture as an attack of identity and a maintainer of the racial divide. That redefinition is key to move torture into the fantasy of interrogation and the productive fiction that reflects belief in its application 

Razack 9 {Sherene Sociologist  (U of Toronto), author “How Is White Supremacy Embodied? Sexualized Racial Violence at Abu Ghraib” Racism, Empire and Torture, Pt.1 Canadian Journal of Women and the Law , pp. 341-363)May 22, http://www.racismreview.com/blog/2009/05/22/racism-and-torture/}

The “clash of AND fact of empire.  

The impact is extinction. The shaping of policy and the desire to control  history lock the US into a fantasy of total world control resulting in ever-escalating apocalyptic confrontation. It is how we envision domination that is truly dangerous

Lifton ‘3 (Robert Jay, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Psychology, The City University of New York, Superpower Syndrome, pgs. 8-11)

More than that AND stubbornness of reality.