Tournament: UMKC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Texas CM | Judge: Kelly Winfrey
Over Stretch
An exponential increase in targeted killings is coming in the status quo- Obama's recent speech broadens the target spectrum for drones
Lesley Clark and Jonathan S. Landay  May 23, 2013"Obama speech suggests possible expansion of drone killings" http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/05/23/192081/obama-promises-anew-to-transfer.html She arrived in Washington in 2006 as a regional reporter for the Miami Herald, and later the Bradenton Herald as well. She was assigned to cover the White House in July 2011. onathan S. Landay, senior national security and intelligence correspondent for McClatchy Newspapers, has written about foreign affairs and U.S. defense, intelligence and foreign policies for more than 25 years.
WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama on Thursday defended his administration’s use of drone strikes to
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terrorists who pose a “continuing and imminent threat to the American people.”

Targeted Killling deconstruct the norms of warfare- 3 warrants
Paul Kahn 2011 "Imagining Warfare" http://www.iilj.org/courses/documents/2011Colloquium.Kahn.pdfPaul W. Kahn is the Robert W. Winner Professor of Law and the Humanities at Yale Law School and the Director of the Orville H. Schell, Jr. Center for International Human Rights.
This new, high-tech weaponry disrupts many of our traditional expectations about    warfare
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it constructs an image of the ends and    means of responding to violence. 

Allowing these norms to collapse situates the political imaginary of asymmetrical states towards policing and away from sovereignty- war dictates politics instead of the other way around
Paul Kahn 2011 "Imagining Warfare" http://www.iilj.org/courses/documents/2011Colloquium.Kahn.pdfPaul W. Kahn is the Robert W. Winner Professor of Law and the Humanities at Yale Law School and the Director of the Orville H. Schell, Jr. Center for International Human Rights
There is a banal question that the United States often faces with respect to military    
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neither criminal nor enemy will have a good deal to say about this. 

The paradigm shift destroys the legal distinction between criminal and enemy
Paul Kahn 2011 "Imagining Warfare" http://www.iilj.org/courses/documents/2011Colloquium.Kahn.pdfPaul W. Kahn is the Robert W. Winner Professor of Law and the Humanities at Yale Law School and the Director of the Orville H. Schell, Jr. Center for International Human Rights.
This relationship of representation to identity provides the    fundamental structures of the modern political imagination
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no more basic than    any of the others, including criminal and enemy. 

That distinction is key to the legitimacy of the state- absent concrete political definitions war and intervention become endless bouts of militarism.
Paul Kahn 2011 "Imagining Warfare" http://www.iilj.org/courses/documents/2011Colloquium.Kahn.pdfPaul W. Kahn is the Robert W. Winner Professor of Law and the Humanities at Yale Law School and the Director of the Orville H. Schell, Jr. Center for International Human Rights.
Criminal or enemy made literally a world of difference. Entire bodies of law,  
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of violence from others. Only a common belief in legitimacy brings stability. 

Micro militarism and hot spot management is the kiss of death for unipolar hegemons and accelerates the collapse.
McCoy ’10MONDAY, DEC 6, 2010 02:01 PM CST   How America will collapse (by 2025)   Four scenarios that could spell the end of the United States as we know it -- in the very near future   BY ALFRED MCCOY http://www.salon.com/2010/12/06/america_collapse_2025/Alfred W. McCoy is the J.R.W. Smail Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is the author of A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation, "From the Cold War to the War on Terror." Later this year, "Policing America's Empire: The United States, the Philippines, and the Rise of   the Surveillance State," a forthcoming book of his, will explore the influence of overseas counterinsurgency operations on the spread of internal security measures here at home
Counterintuitively, as their power wanes, empires often plunge into ill-advised military
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small in this guerilla-infested, nuclear-armed graveyard of empires.

The decline of American power creates transnational corporations and multilateral forces degrading the earth to urban and rural wastelands with feral failed cities littered with explosions and suicide bombers.
McCoy ’10MONDAY, DEC 6, 2010 02:01 PM CST   How America will collapse (by 2025)   Four scenarios that could spell the end of the United States as we know it -- in the very near future   BY ALFRED MCCOY http://www.salon.com/2010/12/06/america_collapse_2025/Alfred W. McCoy is the J.R.W. Smail Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is the author of A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation, "From the Cold War to the War on Terror." Later this year, "Policing America's Empire: The United States, the Philippines, and the Rise of   the Surveillance State," a forthcoming book of his, will explore the influence of overseas counterinsurgency operations on the spread of internal security measures here at home
As U.S. power recedes, the past offers a spectrum of possibilities
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districts… Every morning the slums reply with suicide bombers and eloquent explosions.”

Targeted Killing blurs the lines of war and peace- creates endless warfare and intervention.
Kitfield ’13 Updated: February 3, 2013 | 9:29 a.m. ?January 31, 2013 | 8:20 p.m. http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/targeted-killings-obama-s-endless-war-20130131 James Kitfield has written on defense, national security and foreign policy issues from Washington, D.C. for over two decades. He is a three-time winner of the Gerald R. Ford Award for Distinguished Reporting on National Defense, most recently in 2009 for his first-hand reporting on the Afghan War and other ongoing conflicts and threats. He has twice won the Military Reporters and Editors Association award and the Medill School of Journalism’s top prize for excellence in reporting for his first hand coverage of the war in Afghanistan (2009) and the surge in Iraq (2008). He is a recipient of the 2002 Stewart Alsop Media Excellence Award, sponsored by the Association of Former Intelligence Officers, for his coverage of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and follow-on events. He received the 2001 Peter R. Weitz Prize from the German Marshall Fund for excellence in reporting on European affairs, and the 2000 Edwin Hood Award for Diplomatic Correspondence given annually by the National Press Club to recognize excellence in reporting on diplomatic and foreign policy issues
A more transparent debate about the program at Brennan’s confirmation hearings is also likely to
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war and peace will continue to blur until Americans have forgotten the difference.

Credibility
Obama has a unique opportunity to revive American soft power in his second term but the plan is key
Hayes 2012 (Nick Hayes, professor of history who holds the university chair in critical thinking at Saint John's University, December 3, 2012, Minnesota Post, http://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2012/12/troubling-questions-about-obama-s-drone-warfare)
My last post argued that,
in the wake of his election victory and on the eve of his second term, President Obama stands at what could be his “Truman moment” as a “post war” president.
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His personal popularity gives Obama valuable political capital abroad that he should spend wisely to build support for his diplomatic initiatives, especially in the Middle East, and not waste it to vindicate drone warfare that generates more enemies than it kills.

Drones now tank US cred—no oversight
Zenko 13, (Micah, fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, with expertise in Conflict Prevention; US national security policy, military planning and operations and nuclear weapons policy. “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies”, Council on Foerign Relations Special Report no. 65, January 2013 http://www.cfr.org/wars-and-warfare/reforming-us-drone-strike-policies/p29736, pg15)
The problem with maintaining that drone strikes are covert is that both the American and
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, no congressional committee has conducted a hearing on any aspect of them.

Generic Soft-Power defense doesn't apply, The US’s new role in global public health means that it has to take different steps to get people on board
Kickbush ’02 Influence And Opportunity: Reflections On The U.S. Role In Global Public Health¶ Ilona Kickbusch doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.21.6.131¶ Health Aff November 2002 vol. 21 no. 6 131-141http:content.healthaffairs.org/content/21/6/131.long lona Kickbusch is head of the Division of Global Health at the Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health. From 1994 to 1998 she was director of communication at the World Health Organization in Geneva
Building a soft-power leadership role.¶ What could be the first steps in
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identify the political choices that are at stake as well as priority responses.

Specifically its key to deal with pandemics and climate change.
Joseph S. Nye, pub. date: 2-16-07, former assistant secretary of defense and president of Harvard's Kennedy school of government, “The long view on China, political Islam and American power,” Financial Times, Lexis Nexis
The third determinant will be American power and how it is used. The US
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in the cold war to combine hard and soft power into smart power.

AND alliances key to global co-op
Kreisher 12 (Otto Kreisher, Former Naval Officer/veteran Washington correspondent and defense journalist, “Chuck Hagel, Touted As Next SecDef, Argues For Soft Power, Allies”,  December 10 2012, Breaking Defense, http://breakingdefense.com/2012/12/10/chuck-hagel-touted-as-next-secdef-argues-for-soft-power-allie/   )
Perhaps with an eye toward America losing its preeminent military position, Hagel argued that
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must be addressed through alliances, through “joint thinking,” he said.

Arctic warming is bringing new diseases-threatens the human population
Cooke 6/10 With rising temperatures comes strong evidence that the Arctic is seeing a spike in the rate of various diseases. ¶ 'We should recognize disease as a harbinger of a warming world.'¶ By Kieran Cooke?Climate News Network June 10, 2013 http://wwwp.dailyclimate.org/tdc-newsroom/2013/06/arctic-disease Kieran has carried out writing and editing projects for, among others, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Forests and the European Union Research Network (FERN)
LONDON – A cow grazing on the lush pasturelands of Cornwall in southwest England and
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change. We should recognize disease as a harbinger of a warming world."

And risks biodiversity loss- migration patterns.
Cooke 6/10 With rising temperatures comes strong evidence that the Arctic is seeing a spike in the rate of various diseases. ¶ 'We should recognize disease as a harbinger of a warming world.'¶ By Kieran Cooke?Climate News Network June 10, 2013
Wide variety of diseases¶ Heffernan, a senior fellow at the Smith School for
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Pathogens can also be transmitted from the Arctic to elsewhere in the world.

Climate change is releasing new diseases and uncovering old ones in the Arctic- Anthrax, TB, and other ancient diseases
Cooke 6/10 With rising temperatures comes strong evidence that the Arctic is seeing a spike in the rate of various diseases. ¶ 'We should recognize disease as a harbinger of a warming world.'¶ By Kieran Cooke?Climate News Network June 10, 2013
New disease transmission cycle¶ "The point is no one is really joining up
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an urgent need to link disease and climate change and tackle health issues.

Soft power is crucial to the region- needs common agreements and uniform laws.
Cooke 6/10 With rising temperatures comes strong evidence that the Arctic is seeing
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diseases. There must be urgent, concerted, joined-up action."
Russia is at huge risk for favorable disease outbreak- multiple warrants
Revich et. al ’12 Boris Revich,1,* Nikolai Tokarevich,2 and Alan J. Parkinson3¶ 1Institute of Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia¶ 2Paster Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia¶ 3Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Alaska, Anchorage, USA 2012 Boris Revich et al http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3417549/
A warming Russian Arctic will be associated with a northward expansion of plants and animal
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visual check-ups of soil condition and bacteriologic analyses of soil samples.

Plan
Text: The United States federal government should statutorily restrict war powers authority of the President of the United States to authorize targeted killings

Solvency
Congressional authority is key to check mission creep and perpetual war
James Jay Carafano, Ph.D. March 24, 2011 "Should the President Have Asked Congress for a Declaration of War Against Libya Before Bombing? No" http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2011/03/should-the-president-have-asked-congress-for-a-declaration-of-war-against-libya-before-bombing-no James Jay Carafano, a leading expert in national security and foreign policy challenges, is The Heritage Foundation’s Vice President, Foreign and Defense Policy Studies, E. W. Richardson Fellow, and Director of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies.
No one declares war anymore! Not since World War II has any nation declared
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being vital national interests and can be addressed through measures short of war.¶ 

Mission creep makes intervention inevitable- endless wars justified by liberal internationalism wreck the economy and dilute diplomacy
Gordon N. Bardos May 24, 2013 "A Foreign Policy of Mission Creep"http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/foreign-policy-mission-creep-8514?page=1 Gordon N. Bardos is the assistant director of the Harriman Institute at Columbia University.
In an eye-opening article in these spaces a few weeks ago, James
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does developing a realistic appreciation for what military intervention can and cannot achieve.

Restricting the AUMF solves inevitable warfare- creates structural checks to a riskless system
BENJAMIN H. FRIEDMAN JUNE 19, 2012 "Drones, Special Operations, and Whimsical Wars" http://www.cato.org/blog/drones-special-operations-whimsical-wars Benjamin H. Friedman is a research fellow in defense and homeland security studies. His areas of expertise include counter-terrorism, homeland security and defense politics.
Asked the last week on 60 Minutes how many shooting wars the United States is
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president’s promiscuous use of force should try to identify and remove the obstruction.

US needs to alter law to be a first mover – international responses to drone proliferation crumble without domestic accountability- restores US cred.
Alston 2011 (Philip, professor of law at NYU School of Law and former UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial executions, “The CIA and Targeted Killings Beyond Borders”, Harvard National Security Journal, Vol. 2) PY
It might be argued in response by the United States that the standard of accountability
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Libya, and Syria in the context of the Arab Spring of 2011.

Squo drone strategy unsustainable--- host-state and domestic backlash--- plan solves and establishes global norms for drone use
 Zenko 2013 (Micah Zenko, Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action at CFR, previously worked at Harvard Kennedy School and State Department, January 2013, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” CFR Special Report No 56)
Over the past decade, the use of unmanned aerial systems—commonly referred to
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action and risks proliferation of armed drone technology without the requisite normative framework.
Existing practices carry two major risks for U.S. interests that are likely
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allowing U.S. officials to openly address concerns and counter misinformation.
3 The second major risk is that of proliferation. Over the next decade,
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credibly engage with the international community to shape norms for responsible drone use.
The current trajectory of U.S. drone strike policies is unsustainable. Without
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actors and shape development of a normative framework for acceptable use of drones.