Opponent: Vanderbilt Stothers-Williford | Judge: Manuel
1ac = nsc (modeling legitimacy) 1nc = exceptional power k facts k case (solvency turns heg k prolif k) 2nc = case (solvency turns heg k) 1nr = exceptional power k 2nr = exceptional power k case
Usc
5
Opponent: Missouri State Bess-Rumbaugh | Judge: Najor
1ac = Nukes (PQD Negligence Doctrine advs) 1nc = T Anthropocene Death K Nuclear Agamben K case (with terror talk k's) 2nc = case (with terror talk) 1nr = Nuclear Agamben K 2nr = Nuclear Agamben K case defense
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Cites
Entry
Date
1NC Anthropocene Death K
Tournament: Usc | Round: 5 | Opponent: Missouri State Bess-Rumbaugh | Judge: Najor The world is ending and there’s nothing we can do, so vote neg to learn how to die—embracing their impacts functions as a thought experiment that’s the key to the only decisionmaking skills that really matter—our evidence postdates Scranton 11/10/13—department of English at Princeton (Roy, “Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene”, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=1and, dml)
The challenge the ... must first learn how to die.
1/4/14
1NC Baudrillard
Tournament: Usc | Round: 2 | Opponent: Binghamton Evans-Bleyle | Judge: White It is impossible to gain a non-simulated response when you tie your 1ac to an economy of exchange—the question of 1ac determines the answer of the ballot—the 1ac tries to change the content of debate while maintaining the form, maintaining the metastasis while enacting the simulation of radicality in response to the question of the ballot. This acts as a safety valve for the system of signification via ballots—the claim that the ballot could ever truly represent anyone or anything ultimately is the trick of the Congressperson Baudrillard 76. Jean Baudrillard, Symbolic Exchange and Death, pg. 67
The problem of opinion … which lets power bury power
Sentimentality towards animals degrades their status and places them even farther below humans, as not even deserving our respect, justifying experimentation and destruction. Baudrillard in 81 Jean, “Simulacra and Simulation” p. 134-136
In particular, our sentimentality … fact that they do not speak.
The affirmative commits the symbolic homicide of their 1ac when they read it and tie it to an economy of exchange. Bifo 11. Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Professor of Social History of Communication at the Accademia di Belle Arti of Milan, After the Future, pg. 104-108
Time is in the mind. The … is only subjected to the common good.
The 1ac’s energetic activism only feeds into the system which allows animals to be rendered as exchangeable objects by forcing the exact same system on their speech act—the only solution is suicidal exhaustion of debate Bifo 11. Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Professor of Social History of Communication at the Accademia di Belle Arti of Milan, After the Future, pg. 114-116
The identification of desire with … consciousness of the global network.
We are the animal terrorists, your fetishized objects, and we have taken you hostage. We affirm the ultimate indeterminacy between sacrifice and sacrificer, human and animal. The only way to challenge the dominant order is to trigger a symbolic trap to render the system incapable of responding without losing face. All responses signal nothing more than impotence in the face of symbolic violence. Our action is the only way to be political, to rupture dominant political forces. Baudrillard 76 Jean, brilliant French philosopher, professor of sociology and philosophy at Université de Paris-IX Dauphine, Symbolic Exchange and Death, p. 36-38
We will not destroy the system by a … it cannot exert: its own death.
1/4/14
1NC Bifo
Tournament: Texas | Round: 8 | Opponent: Texas Chowdhury-Malone | Judge: Morgan THERE IS NO FUTURE—Speed itself has been internalized as a political technology as we are never able to be “outside” of speed. Every inch of the planet has been colonized and the illusion of a future world better than the present has been vanquished. Bifo 11. Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Professor of Social History of Communication at the Accademia di Belle Arti of Milan, After the Future, pg. 16-8
Because of this … and totalitarian communism in Russia.
All attempts to imagine a revolutionary future devolve into indeterminacy as their utopian imaginations become realized by the system as dystopian states—the 1ac’s aestheticization of war renders their advocacy inure. Bifo 11. Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Professor of Social History of Communication at the Accademia di Belle Arti of Milan, After the Future, pg. 26
The whole system precipitates … inactivity, silence, and passive sabotage?
The 1ac’s attempt to comprehend the speed of the object is ultimately nothing more than an expenditure of energy, fetishizing an object that is moving too fast—refuse investment in the system of symbolic exchange and prefer the suicide of the system itself Bifo 11. Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Professor of Social History of Communication at the Accademia di Belle Arti of Milan, After the Future, pg. 104-108
Time is in the mind. The … intelligence is only subjected to the common good.
Abandoning the subject is part and parcel of the project of logistics—the aff has missed that the global system of control has fundamentally changed to take advantage of the new object oriented paradigm—their logic of kritik of drones the aids the global market, initiating a new science of capitalism that makes them conceptually possible in the first place Harney and Moten 13. Stefano Harney, Professor of Strategic Management Education at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University and a co-founder of the School for Study and Fred Moten, Helen L. Bevington Professor of Moden Poetry, “Politics Surrounded,” The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study, pg. 87
To work today is to be asked, … cannot manage.
The 1ac’s prophecy is cursed—their mapping of the virtual onto the present is a sham technology to void the ultimate collapse of the future as a modality itself and they are ultimately rendered powerless, performing a shaman’s ritual on the real fiction, the alter of the future Bifo 11. Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Professor of Social History of Communication at the Accademia di Belle Arti of Milan, After the Future, pg. 39
The vision of the future … senza fili: WIRELESS IMAGINATION.
The alternative is to stop moving. To exhaust speed itself, one needs to strive for autonomy and formations of alternative subjectivities that make becoming possible Bifo 11. Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Professor of Social History of Communication at the Accademia di Belle Arti of Milan, After the Future, pg. 114-116
The identification of desire … of the criminal class.
Judge the debate as a cosmic hobo. Such a move to refuse roots and radicles engages in a subaltern historical tradition that resists containment by its sheer impossibility Harney and Moten 13. Stefano Harney, Professor of Strategic Management Education at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University and a co-founder of the School for Study and Fred Moten, Helen L. Bevington Professor of Moden Poetry, “Politics Surrounded,” The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study, pg. 139
That double-edged logisticality, … can move past that too
2/24/14
1NC CIA Bad
Tournament: Ndtdistrict5 | Round: 2 | Opponent: Indiana Murphy-Patel | Judge: Meloche, Najor, Stevenson Intelligence militarization inevitable - the Pentagon has its own network that beats the CIA Kumar, 12 - The Independent's New York correspondent. He was formerly assistant editor on the foreign desk (Nikhil, “Pentagon builds military network to rival the CIA” The Independent, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/pentagon-builds-military-network-to-rival-the-cia-8374245.html)
The Pentagon is … drone strikes. The plan is a distinction without a difference – the old, pre-drone CIA was just as militarized the new CIA Goodman, 7 – Melvin A. Goodman, a senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, was a Soviet analyst at the CIA from 1966 to 1990 (Melvin, Old CIA, New CIA: A Distinction Without a Difference” Random Lengths San Pedro, Calif 13 July 2007: 8-9, Alt Press Watch)
Two weeks ago, the … our friends to doubt our integrity. The CIA is incapable of accurate scenario planning – it’s a history of failed prediction Pipes, 95 - Richard Pipes, Baird Professor of History at Harvard, served in 1981-82 at the National Security Council as Director, East European and Soviet Affairs (“What to do about the CIA” Commentary, Alt Press Watch)
The opponents of the …calculated in terms of their "rationality."(10) They cook the books to suit political ends Pipes, 95 - Richard Pipes, Baird Professor of History at Harvard, served in 1981-82 at the National Security Council as Director, East European and Soviet Affairs (“What to do about the CIA” Commentary, Alt Press Watch)
POLITICAL INTERFERENCE Ideally, intelligence analysis should … politicians, their ultimate consumers. Ending CIA drone use doesn’t improve human intelligence – organizational culture is civilian and controlled by the intelligence division – the paramilitary wing is separate Gerecht, 13 - Reuel Marc Gerecht, a former CIA case officer, is a contributing editor to The Weekly Standard and a senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (“The Unchanging CIA” The Weekly Standard, 2/18, Alt Press Watch)
These criticisms followed an … never lost control of Langley
2/24/14
1NC Coloniality vs Anthro
Tournament: Usc | Round: 2 | Opponent: Binghamton Evans-Bleyle | Judge: White Natives are excluded from discussions of human – Their focus on the binary of human and nonhuman omits the coloniality of the categorization. This is a simple uniqueness question that their approach to ethics does not have exclusivity for all beings. Sylvia Winter, Stanford University, 2003, Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation—An Argument, The New Centennial Review 3.3 (2003) 257-337 THE ARGUMENT PROPOSES THAT THE STRUGGLE … we give the name, "The Sixties." The affirmative is a replication of a universal concept of humanity structured through ignorance of the colonial difference. They construct a new universal ethic which recreates a new savage to be civilized. Only delinking this epistemology solves Mignolo 2006 Walter, Citizenship, Knowledge, and the Limits of Humanity American Literary History 18.2 (2006) 312-331 When the idea of "citizenship" … took away from them. It is tempting to follow stereotype and assume that by the image of the ‘noble savage’ that all native americans have a very specific relationship to the environment. But this image is a double-edged sword used to strip native americans of their identity if they don’t assimilate to the environmental image of native americans. Do not evaluate the affirmative’s ethic in an abstract vacuum – it must be taken into context of its application – what would the affirmative say to the Makah Indians in the northwest who hunt for cultural reasons – they create a dogmatic rejection which becomes cultural imperialism Tacoma news tribune 1998 PROTECT MAKAHS FROM ECO-bULLIES Tacoma News Tribune, August 23, 1998, http://www.mail-archive.com/pen-l@galaxy.csuchico.edu/msg27290.html
The arrogant activists who have … its treaty, so be it.
The affirmative universalism creates the conscious destruction of indigenous cultures, means our imperialism arguments are another disad to the aff. Peter Staudenmaier 2004 Ambiguities of Animal Rights, Institute for Social Ecology, http://www.communalism.org/Archive/05/aar.html
The unexamined cultural … which has a lengthy historical pedigree — remains a serious concern.
1/4/14
1NC Deleuze
Tournament: Ndtdistrict5 | Round: 3 | Opponent: John Carroll Massarelli-Stolfer | Judge: Young, Barouch, DeLong Demands for the recognition of personhood via rights-based frameworks play into the hands of the sad system that imprisons bodies by writing PERSONHOOD onto them. We propose a sense of shame at being recognized as being a human at all, arriving at the conclusion to distort our very selves Deleuze and Guattari 96. What is Philosophy? pg. 107-8
Human rights are axioms. … shame, and to the present.
Speech acts do not solve—the only radical alternative is to abandon the speaking self entirely. Our model is that of becoming-minority: not imitation, but losing oneself in the way that benign engagements with others demonstrates the arbitrariness of our segemented understandings of ourselves—anything else produces a society in which the torture of prisons is echoed throughout every social formation Deleuze and Negri 90. Gilles Deleuze and Antonio Negri, “Gilles Deleuze in conversation with Antonio Negri,” http://www.generation-online.org/p/fpdeleuze3.htm
Negri: How can minority-becoming … noncommunication, circuit breakers, so we can elude control.
The post-modern society of control thrives on the prison of selfhood—it is an unhappy system that striates all potential modes of being in the world via a violent policing of the nature of what a body is Deleuze and Parnet ‘87 famous philosopher, Professor of Philosophy at the Sorbonne, Dialogues II, European Perspectives, with Claire Parnet, freelance journalist, translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam, 2002 pgs.61-62
When Spinoza says 'The surprising … to soul its life, not to save it.
The alternative is to love without interpretation. Lose your face. Abandon subjectivity. Abandon personhood. Become only fluxes. Deleuze and Parnet 87. Gilles Deleuze and Claire Parnet, Dialogues, pg. 47-51
Your secret can always be seen … off until tomorrow.
2/24/14
1NC Facts K
Tournament: Usc | Round: 4 | Opponent: Vanderbilt Stothers-Williford | Judge: Manuel Facts are meaningless. Their internal link chains are factoids, which are worse. 1ac was detrimental to the cause of their position. This is not a critique of the law. Schlag ’13 Pierre Schlag, “Facts (The),” his blog, 1/28/2013, http://brazenandtenured.com/2013/01/28/facts-the/
But let me explain about the … not functioning as “just facts,” but something more. Information is uniquely dissuasive—presumption is neg Baudrillard, ’92 (Jean, Pataphysics of Year 2000, online)
Outside of this gravitational pull which keeps … or into the stereophony of information.
1/4/14
1NC Geography K
Tournament: Ndtdistrict5 | Round: 5 | Opponent: Michigan State Caporal-Zemel | Judge: Buntin, Kelly, Young Their geography approaches the world through a lens only capable of viewing territory as either conforming to American world order or yet-to-be integrated only naturalizes cycles of inevitable conflict. Campbell 2k7. David Campbell et al., professor of cultural and political geography, associate director of the Durham Centre for Advanced Photography Studies (www.dur.ac.uk/dcaps) and Academic Director of the International Boundaries Research Unit. Political Geography, VOl. 26, pg 415-416 2007
‘‘Non-Integrating’’ areas are … geometries of the Pentagon’s New Map.
The focus on creating norms and identifying legal excesses legitimizes the destruction of populations and the worst aspects of geopolitical violence Morrissey 2011 (John, prof geography @ national U Ireland “Liberal Lawfare and Biopolitics: US Juridical Warfare in theWar on Terror” Geopolitics, 16:280–305
Can a focus on lawfare … biopolitics defining the current age of securitization.
This contributes to a GLOBAL EPISTEMIC CIVIL WAR that pits the organized west against the racialized other that culminates on killing until there is no one left Evans 10. Brad Evans, Lecturer in the School of Politics and International Studies at the University of Leeds and Programme Director for International Relations, “Foucault’s Legacy: Security, War, and Violence in the 21st Century,” Security Dialogue vol.41, no. 4, August 2010, pg. 422-424, sage
Imposing liberalism has …from the analytical arena.
Maps and spatial organizations do not exist by themselves – they exist because of the complex process of social actions that sustain and build them. The alternative is to engage in a critical understanding of space in order to understand the multiple ontologies of space– such a move is necessary to re-map the map of modernity. Kitchen prof geography @ National U ireland and Dodge prof geography @ u manchester 2k7 (Rob, Martin, “Rethinking Maps” Prog Hum Geogr 2007 31: 331)
We think it productive to ...not think that this is the case - both are questions concerning practice.
2/24/14
1NC Law K
Tournament: Usc | Round: 4 | Opponent: Vanderbilt Stothers-Williford | Judge: Manuel Their reliance on legal modernity to regulate the existence of detention guarantees that their must be camps outside the law in which the executive can act with impunity—we need a new politics Agamben 98. Giorgio Agamben, professor of philosophy at the University of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 174
7-7- In this light, the birth of the camp in … biopolitical nomos of the planet.
Their aff scape goats the decision on indefinite detention to legal bureaucrats who will make racist decisions about who will be indefinitely detained RATHER than applying the plan’s case law equally Tagma 09. Halit Mustafa Tagma, Professor of Political Science and International Relations, Sabanci University, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec. 2009), pg. 422
Besides the manual Standard Operating … homines sacri out of Middle Eastern subjects. The legal system is broken as the sovereign’s ability to exploit fundamental flaws in the legal system and continue the global biopolitical war—the ballot should side with the global countermovement against such violence Gulli 13. Bruno Gulli, professor of history, philosophy, and political science at Kingsborough College in New York, “For the critique of sovereignty and violence,” http://academia.edu/2527260/For_the_Critique_of_Sovereignty_and_Violence, pg. 1
We live in an unprecedented time of crisis. The …violence and police brutality
1/4/14
1NC Nuclear Agamben K
Tournament: Usc | Round: 5 | Opponent: Missouri State Bess-Rumbaugh | Judge: Najor Refuse attempts to reform the legal system and doom it to its own nihilistic destruction—we must refuse all conceptual apparatuses of capture Prozorov 10. Sergei Prozorov, professor of political and economic studies at the University of Helsinki, “Why Giorgio Agamben is an optimist,” Philosophy Social Criticism 2010 36: pg. 1065
In a later work, Agamben … that we address in the following section.
The 1ac is an attempt to command and control a situation whose destructive power is inherently outside of the possibility of comprehension, implicitly accepting the terms of a rigged game that makes a new kind of nuclear biopower that results in the destruction of all others and one’s own suicide possible. Masco 12. Joseph Masco, Professor of Anthropology and of the Social Sciences at the University of Chicago, “The Ends of Ends,” Anthropological Quarterly Volume 85, Number 4, Fall 2012, pg. 1118
The scale of destruction … an actual end to such ends? The 1ac’s invocation of the legal norm forcloses responding to nuclear weapons from the extreme, offering a leveling critique from the periphery and instead relying on the same legal-national security alliance that produced the atomic situation in an attempt to regulate it—the alternative is to reject the affirmative Masco 12. Joseph Masco, Professor of Anthropology and of the Social Sciences at the University of Chicago, “The Ends of Ends,” Anthropological Quarterly Volume 85, Number 4, Fall 2012, pg. 1107
The concept of the extreme is … and provoke.
1/4/14
1NC Post-Queerness
Tournament: Ndtdistrict5 | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wayne State Nagel-Wirth | Judge: DeLong, Gliniecki, Reynolds What is queer about queering the terrorist? What is queer about queer theory generally? The answer is that in today’s academic environment queer has become a stagnant concept. In focusing on opposition to heteronormative, queer theory has created itself largely based around the binary dyad of queer/heteronormative – this position is limiting and prevents us from challenging dominant power structures Ruffolo adjunct Professorships at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto (Department of Theory and Policy Studies in Education) and Ryerson University 2k9 (David, Post Queer Politics. Pg 1-5)
Queer has reached a … identifications and therefore the overall privileging of subjectivity.
The aff’s conception of queerness defines itself solely as that which is outside the norm – IE something is queer because it is not heteronormative. This definition makes it impossible to escape from dominant power structures Ruffolo adjunct Professorships at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto (Department of Theory and Policy Studies in Education) and Ryerson University 2k9 (David, Post Queer Politics. Pg 50-54)
Post-queer rhizomatic …smoothen the strata so as to not be limited by structural organizations.
Vote negative to endorse a nomadic post-queer politics based on flux and fluidity. This strategy is a war machine opposing dominant structures of power largely by refusing to grant them to power of dominance. Ruffolo adjunct Professorships at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto (Department of Theory and Policy Studies in Education) and Ryerson University 2k9 (David, Post Queer Politics. Pg 30-32)
Post-queer is not to be considered … and open as dialogical processes of becoming.
Our vision of queerness is not tied to status quo definitions – you should recognize that queerness is a future to come – we are not queer yet, only a line of flight that recognizes this can move forward Muñoz prof/chair of performance studies @ NYU 2k9 (José Esteban, Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity)
Queerness is not yet here. … for another world.
Queerness is based on dyadic opposition. It creates a norm – heteronormativity – and all that oppose that norm becomes queer. This binaristic construction of identity results in violence Deleuze ’87 Gilles, famous philosopher, Professor of Philosophy at the Sorbonne, (two translations used) The Opera Quarterly 21.4 (2005) 716-724 AND Dialogues II, European Perspectives, with Claire Parnet, freelance journalist, translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam, 2002 pgs.61-62
How does one "act" on … the one the twin of the other.
2/24/14
1NC Prison Abolitionism
Tournament: Pitt RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota CE | Judge: Reed The 1ac comes at the question of indefinite from the perspective of color-blindness, attempting to use the mechanisms white civil society to reign in extra-judicial violence that only tries to make sane an inherently racist system that authorizes that violence in the first place—only beginning from the perspective of oppressed makes possible the founding of a new political order Sexton 10. Jared Sexton, Director, African American Studies School of Humanities at UC Irvine, “People-of-color-blindness,” Social Text 103 • Vol. 28, No. 2 • Summer 2010, pg. 47
If the oppression of … yet another revolution.7
Their reliance on legal modernity to regulate the existence of detention guarantees that their must be camps outside the law in which the executive can act with impunity—we need a new politics Agamben 98. Giorgio Agamben, professor of philosophy at the University of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 174
7-7- In this light, the birth of the camp … the new biopolitical nomos of the planet.
Their aff scapegoats the decision on indefinite detention to legal bureaucrats who will make racist decisions about who will be indefinitely detained RATHER than applying the plan’s case law equally Tagma 09. Halit Mustafa Tagma, Professor of Political Science and International Relations, Sabanci University, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec. 2009), pg. 422
Besides the manual Standard Operating … sacri out of Middle Eastern subjects.
Racism makes war and violence inevitable – it makes our enemies biologically different to justify their extermination Evans 10. Brad Evans, Lecturer in the School of Politics and International Studies at the University of Leeds and Programme Director for International Relations, “Foucault’s Legacy: Security, War, and Violence in the 21st Century,” Security Dialogue vol.41, no. 4, August 2010, pg. 422-424, sage
Despite what some scholars may … is removed from the analytical arena. Reject the 1ac’s reformist approach to the prison in favor of imagining the world in which the prison is not an inevitable social coordinate Rodriguez 10—Professor and Chair of the Department of Ethnic Studies at UC Riverside (Dylan, “The Disorientation of the Teaching Act: Abolition as Pedagogical Position”, Radical Teacher 88 (Summer 2010): 7-19,80, dml)
I have had little trouble… willingness to embrace this form of pedagogical audacity.
2/6/14
1NC Zapatismo
Tournament: Texas | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rutgers-Newark Haughton-Stafford | Judge: Van Luvanee They present difference through the lens of stable identity tropes, which are the product of majoritarian thought. Rather than as a fluid, they see identity as territorialized in cultural practices and norms, subsuming the 1ac within the hegemonic logic of representing the other in a dominant manner. Voting neg allows difference to speak rather than be spoken for. Tormey 06. Simon Tormey, Politics at University of Nottingham, 2006, Parliamentary Affairs 2006 59(1):138-154
The issue for Deleuze is how to … at the same time an affirmation of singularity.
Positioning personal experience as a justification for action creates a insulation from reevaluation, preventing criticism of the status quo, which can be rendered and coopted as purely subjective—“That’s only your experience, it can’t be applied to larger structural problems of social organization.” Scott 97. Joan Scott, Professor of History at Princeton, 1997, Feminists Theorize the Political, “Experience”
When the evidence … the category of “experience.”
That commodifies the experiences of the oppressive act -- this renders reading the 1ac as a political act meaningless and creates a destructive model of dissent that depends upon authoritarian institutions and imprisons the rhetorical value of the 1ac via commodification that denies the dignity of the represented James 03. Joy, Professor of Africana Studies @ Brown “Academia, activism, and imprisoned intellectuals.” http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Academia,+activism,+and+imprisoned+intellectuals.-a0133368005
Activism is as multidimensional … prisoners, as openly as possible given the structural disparities.
The representability of interest in the 1ac guarantees the evacuation of its radical potential—as soon as interest can be articulated coherently, the system has one: think of the 1ac as applying for a line of credit rather than allowing the bad debt of the entire system to collapse upon itself Harney and Moten 13. Stefano Harney, Professor of Strategic Management Education at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University and a co-founder of the School for Study and Fred Moten, Helen L. Bevington Professor of Moden Poetry, “Politics Surrounded,” The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study, pg. 66
We hear them say, what’s … of fugitive publics, chasing evidence of refuge. The student graduates.
Our alternative is really accessible Tormey 06. Simon Tormey, Politics at University of Nottingham, 2006, Parliamentary Affairs 2006 59(1):138-154
The first relates to the … and levels of voices forming it.30
An abdication of political responsibility? Whatever. We owe it to each other to falsify the criminal institution of the university at all costs. We cannot represent ourselves. We cannot be represented. Harney and Moten 13. Stefano Harney, Professor of Strategic Management Education at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University and a co-founder of the School for Study and Fred Moten, Helen L. Bevington Professor of Moden Poetry, “Politics Surrounded,” The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study, pg. 18
The settler, having settled for … cannot represent ourselves. We can’t be represented.
To make resistance visible is to coopt it by giving it an object – this understanding allows resistance to be framed, to be declared a failure and prevents the immanence of imperceptible politics from coalescing around mundane academic practices and habitudes of existence. The question is thus not, “what type of knowledge can be produced from a specific subject position?” but whether or not that knowledge is reactive and so intelligible to apparatuses of capture that will co-opt and contain it Tsianos et al. 08. Vassilis, teaches sociology at the University of Hamburg, Germany, Dimitris Papadopoulos teaches social theory at Cardiff University, Niamh Stephenson teaches social science at the University of New South Wales. “Escape Routes: Control and Subversion in the 21st Century” Pluto Press
In this sense imperceptible …e vital force for imperceptible
2/24/14
Heg Bad Cites
Tournament: Ndtdistrict5 | Round: 5 | Opponent: Michigan State Caporal-Zemel | Judge: Buntin, Kelly, Young The aff’s hegemonic politics is maintained by a farce of legitimacy which justifies endless destruction Gulli 13 Bruno Gulli, professor of history, philosophy, and political science at Kingsborough College in New York, “For the critique of sovereignty and violence,” pg. 5, 2013, http://academia.edu/2527260/For_the_Critique_of_Sovereignty_and_Violence We disagree with the author’s use of gendered language I think that we have ... have lost their hegemony.
Americacentrism causes extinction Willson, 02 Brian – Ph.D New College San Fransisco, Humanities, JD, American University, “Hearts and Minds Veterans Show? http://www.brianwillson.com/?q=node/70
On September 20, 2002, the ... alternatives. The time is now!
Hegemony only exists in Kagan’s mind – system is de-centralized, applying hegemonic mythology to policy causes blowback and destroys cooperation Doran ‘9 (Charles F., Andrew W. Mellon Prof. of International Relations, Director of the Global Theory and History Program, Director of the Center for Canadian Studies @ Johns Hopkins U., “Fooling Oneself: The Mythology of Hegemony” International Studies Review, Vol. 11.1) More than a catalogue of techniques other governments use to resist U.S. titular hegemony, this book ... self-enforcing, and self-sufficient.
C. We Control terminal impact uniqueness – the American way of life will stop – the judge’s choice is between the alternative or the elimination of life on earth Willson, 00 Brian – Ph.D New College San Fransisco, Humanities, JD, American University, “End of Cruel U.S. Policies Demands Radical Healing of the National Ethos” http://www.brianwillson.com/?q=node/72
The attitudes and behaviors … for survival.
The American ethos is obsessed with superiority – the 1AC’s endorsement of “Manifest Destiny” is rooted in patterns of incomprehensible patterns of violence that ensure extinction Willson, 03 Brian – Ph.D New College San Fransisco, Humanities, JD, American University, “Dear America: An Open Letter to My Country” http://www.brianwillson.com/?q=node/13
Once again you have shown your … the world, and for us.
Turns intervention – There is no limit to American war - modern war requires public consent and America can always get it Willson, 03 Brian – Ph.D New College San Fransisco, Humanities, JD, American University, “The Pretexts Behind War Making” http://www.brianwillson.com/?q=node/14
I have been struck by how … beings, each of whom is worth no less than us.
The American ethic create inequality – caused over population, environmental degradation and makes extinction inevitable – try/die for the alternative Willson, 99 Brian – Ph.D New College San Fransisco, Humanities, JD, American University, “Assimilation or Elimination: Pax Americana--Buy In or Check Out” http://www.brianwillson.com/?q=node/7
The white man's burden of winning the West … consumption or be eliminated for being in the way.
No U.S. lashout Parent 11—Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami—AND—Paul K. MacDonald, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Williams College (Joseph M., Spring 2011, International Security, Vol. 35, No. 4, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00034, RBatra)
With regard to militarized disputes, declining … challengers. Smooth transition Charles A. Kupchan 3, Political Science Quarterly, 00323195, Summer, Vol. 118, Issue 2 “The Rise of Europe, America's Changing Internationalism, and the End of U.S. Primacy” Database: Academic Search Premier
The United States Federal Judiciary should issue a writ of mandamus that orders the Executive and Legislative Branches of the United States to align executive war powers authority in the areas of indefinite detention with treaties ratified by the United States.
It competes and solves the whole case – making treaties self-executing mandates specific enforcements mechanisms and violates SOP – issuing writs of mandamus leave questions of enforcement to the political branches
The preceding analysis illuminates several principles. First, a non-self-executing AND non-self-executing treaty to be "supreme Law" domestically? This Article contends that the Supremacy Clause makes such treaties binding domestic law. If the treaty imposes a duty of domestic implementation, compliance with that duty may be secured by the issuance of a writ of mandamus. Before beginning that inquiry, however, it is useful to consider the broader separation of powers concerns that even such a limited judicial role in domestic treaty enforcement might entail. Scholars and courts have offered various rationales for die position thai, despite die Supremacy Clause, ratified treaties are not domestic law unless they are implemented by a subsequent act of Congress.71 This Article addresses only the objections based upon structural principles of federal lawmaking and based upon separation of powers. The first argument concerns die process of federal lawmaking. The President’s ratification of a AND to ensure "that the treaty power ~retains~ majoritarian roots."75 This structural argument falls short. As Professor Henkin has accurately noted, "The AND the form of a treaty preempting state law, but not otherwise.80 The more substantial objections to the view that treaties become domestic law upon ratification relate AND to do so, the argument goes, the judiciary should stand aside. At the broadest level, describing all judicial involvement in treaty interpretation or enforcement as AND international law can be used to supplement existing ~domestic~ law."82 Different domestic uses of international law raise different separation of powers concerns, which may earn’ more or less weight depending on the circumstances. Indeed, some uses of international law may not raise separation of powers problems at all. The ongoing debate regarding the use of international law as persuasive audiority to interpret the Eighth Amendment,83 for example, revolves around notions of domestic sovereignty and "American exceptionalism," not separation of powers.8’ Furthermore, this Article recognizes that Congress and die President have constitutional mechanisms—such AND would then at least be subject to pul-Hc scrutiny and debate. Moreover, diis separation of powers argument is generally couched in terms of avoiding lawsuits AND comply with that duty by adequate and effective means of their own choosing.
Neuman 4 (Gerald, Professor of Jurisprudence – Columbia University, "The United States Constitution and International Law: The Uses of International Law in Constitutional Interpretation", American Journal of International Law, January, 98 A.J.I.L. 82, Lexis)
Normative reasoning borrowed from international human rights sources will not necessarily prevail in the process AND treaty implementation, and would not be consistent with current constitutional understandings. 33
This destroys hegemony
Wilkinson 4 (J. Harvie, Circuit Judge – 4th Circuit, "Debate: The Use of International Law in Judicial Decisions", Harvard Journal of Law 26 Public Policy, 27 Harv. J.L. 26 Pub. Pol’y 423, Spring, Lexis)
So of course international law should play a part in American judicial reasoning. It AND in foreign and military matters were later repudiated and contradicted by judicial decree.
The jostling for status and influence among these ambitious nations and would-be nations AND which could in turn draw the United States back in under unfavorable circumstances.
And causes a Congressional backlash —- turns all their impacts
Kuhner 3 (Timothy, Professor of Law – Duke University, "Human Rights Treaties in U.S. Law: The Status Quo, Its Underlying Bases, and Pathways for Change", Duke Journal of Comparative 26 International Law, Spring, 13 Duke J. Comp. 26 Int’l L. 419, Lexis)
The basic spectrum of possible approaches to reservations contrary to the object and purpose of AND that the Constitution ~*468~ makes international law "our law." 240
McCutcheon will win in a slim 5-4 ruling – Justice Roberts is key
Reilly and Blumenthal 13 (Ryan J., D.C.-based reporter who covers the Justice Department and the Supreme Court for The Huffington Post, and Paul, reporter for the Huffington Post covering money and influence in politics, "McCutcheon v. FEC: Supreme Court Skeptical Of Campaign Contribution Limits," Huffington Post, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/mccutcheon-v-fec_n_4059180.html2)
A slim majority of Supreme Court justices seemed skeptical Tuesday AND the liberal-leaning justices in the McCutcheon case.
Ruling on war powers directly trades off and hurts the Court’s perceived legitimacy – that results in deference on individual rights
Devins and Fitts 97 (Neal, Ernest W. Goodrich Professor of Law and Lecturer in Government – College of William and Mary, and Michael A., Robert G. Fuller, Jr. Professor of Law – University of Pennsylvania, "The Triumph of Timing: Raines v. Byrd and the Modern Supreme Court’s Attempt to Control Constitutional Confrontations," Georgetown Law Journal, November, 86 Geo. L.J. 351, Lexis)
In contrast, the Supreme Court has good reason to steer clear of these cases AND and unnecessarily" participating in political battles over the separation of powers. n71
Most debates regarding freedom of expression ultimately boil down to a conflict between free speech AND interesting to see whether he reprises this role as institutional peacekeeper in McCutcheon.
McCutcheon’s key to accountability to political parties – that checks ideological extremists like the Tea Party
Finally, I want to say more about why striking down aggregate contribution limits might AND is not true. But this finding is not relevant to my argument. My point about moderation is not about the tone or content of political ads, AND party leaders whose chief incentive is to win elections rather than take positions. Like Bob, I support reasonable contribution limits, but I do not think the AND and candidate committees, which must face the voters at the ballot box.
Looking into the future, most observers of US-Russian relations tend to concentrate AND -the-flag" tactic of consolidating the public around the government.
Global nuclear war
Allison 11 (Graham, Director – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School, and Former Assistant Secretary of Defense, and Robert D. Blackwill, Senior Fellow – Council on Foreign Relations, "10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters", Politico, 2011, http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=161EF282-72F9-4D48-8B9C-C5B3396CA0E6)
That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S AND Tehran to joining China in preventing U.N. Security Council resolutions.
The 1AC’s to stave off the extinction of the human race casts aside the question of humanity’s right to live—paradoxically makes death more likely—the alternative is to embrace the incoherence of the human race
—-humans face extinction DUE TO concept of race/conceptualizing "humanity" AS a race —-race is writing territory onto social bodies (bodies here as groups of bodies) —-most racial determined: white Man —-problem with racism is that it DOESN’T DISCRIMINATE ENOUGH —-metalepsis definition: when a phrase from a figure of speech is used in an entirely new context Colebrook 12. Claire Colebrook, Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English at Pennsylvania State University, "Face Race," Deleuze and Racism, online/google books
The human race is facing extinction. One might even say that there is a AND unfold from encounters of generic differences. All couplings are of mixed race. It is through the formation of a relatively stable set of relations that bodies are AND as biological ground from which racism might then be seen as a differentiation. The problem with racism is not that it discriminates, nor that it takes one AND from difference and distinction and the further possibility of its un-becoming. Humanity has been fabricated as the proper ground of all life - so much so AND of differences in a time other than that of self-defining humanity. Far from extinction or human annihilation being solely a twenty-first- century event AND always more than any of the signs it uses to preserve its existence: Oh21 why hath not the Mind Some element to stamp her image oil In nature somewhat nearer to her own? Why, gifted with such powers to send abroad Her spirit, must it lodge in shrines so frail? (1850, The Prelude V 45-9: 109) If the archive were to be destroyed, would anything of ’man’ remain? Art AND , through the imagi¬nation of itself as a unified and eternal natural body: All delirium is racial, which does not necessarily mean racist. It is not AND once they have passed through. (Deleuze and Guattari 2004a: 94)
Definition of the word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ’it was resolved by the legislature;" It is of similar force to the word "enact," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law".
"Should" means expansion must have certain effect Words 26 Phrases 6 (Permanent Edition 39, p. 369)
C.D.Cal. 2005. "Should," as used in the Social Security Administration’s ruling stating that an ALJ should call on the services of a medical advisor when onset must be inferred, means "must."—Herrera v. Barnhart, 379 F.Supp.2d 1103.—Social S 142.5.
It would be a mistake to believe that the only situation that influences justices comes AND particular positions in order to improve their chances of promotion within the judiciary.
Voting issue —-
1. Limits —- the explode the topic by making action by any branch, agency, or sub-agency topical —- each case becomes 100s of variations —- makes research impossible
2. Ground —- congress guarantees core da ground which outweighs because the aff always has some stable ground
3/28/14
NDT round 7 1NC
Tournament: Ndt | Round: 7 | Opponent: West Georgia Ard-Muhammad | Judge: Cram Helwich, Topp, Weil
1NC
The aff’s not topical—
"Resolved" is governmental
Jeff Parcher 1, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb 2001 http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html Pardon me if I turn to a source besides Bill. American Heritage Dictionary: AND or ’no’ - which, of course, are answers to a question.
"Should" is obligatory
Judge Henry Nieto 9, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009)
"Should" is "used . . . to express duty, obligation, AND be allocated for the purpose of parents’ federal tax exemption to be mandatory).
Substantial means full effect—-must be tangible increase in restrictions
Words 26 Phrases 64 (40 W26P 759)
The words "outward, open, actual, risible, substantial, and exclusive AND . Bass v. Pease, 79 111. App. 308, 31R
Increase denotes a specific change
Ripple 87 (Circuit Judge, Emmlee K. Cameron, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Frances Slocum Bank 26 Trust Company, State Automobile Insurance Association, and Glassley Agency of Whitley, Indiana, Defendants-Appellees, 824 F.2d 570; 1987 U.S. App. LEXIS 9816, 9/24, lexis)
Also related to the waiver issue is appellees’ defense relying on a provision of the AND issue is whether the appellees contemplated insuring the risk which incurred the loss.
War powers refers to specifically enumerated authority—anything else is vague
The scope of the President’s independent war powers is notoriously unclear, and courts are AND for the courts than about prohibiting the executive from exercising statutorily conferred authority.
Statutory restriction means controlled by legislation and judicial restriction means limited by judicial action
Peterson 91 (Todd D. Peterson, Associate Professor of Law, The George Washington University, National Law Center; B.A. 1973, Brown University; J.D. 1976, University of Michigan, Book Review: The Law And Politics Of Shared National Security Power — A Review Of The National Security Constitution: Sharing Power After The Iran-Contra Affair by Harold Hongju Koh, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. 1990. Pp. x, 330, March, 1991 59 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 747)
Based on both case law and custom, it is hard to argue that Congress AND express provisions of the Constitution and the decisions of the Supreme Court. n79 Even in cases in which the Court has given the President a wide berth because AND may restrict the President’s authority to act in matters related to national security. Not even Koh’s bete noire, the Curtiss-Wright case, n83 could reasonably AND not require as a basis for its exercise an act of Congress." n85 Even the dicta of Curtiss-Wright, however, give little support to those AND him from taking the actions that were the subject of the case. n90 To be fair to Koh, he would not necessarily disagree with this reading of AND substantially restricts Congress’s authority to act if it can summon the political will. The absence of judicial restrictions on permissive power sharing is particularly important because it means that the question of statutory restrictions on the President’s national security powers should for the most part be a political one, not a constitutional one. Congress has broad power to act, and the Court has not restrained it from doing so. n91 The problem is that Congress has refused to take effective action.
Vote neg—
1. Prep and clash—post facto topic shift alters balance of prep, which structurally favors the aff because they speak last and use perms—key to engage a prepared adversary.
2. Limits—specific topics are key to reasonable expectations for 2Ns—open subjects create incentives for avoidance—that overstretches the neg and turns participation.
3. Key to education on particulars of the presidency—prior question to informed criticism
Mucher, 12 ~"Malaise in the Classroom: Teaching Secondary Students about the Presidency" Stephen Mucher is assistant professor of history education in the Master of Arts in Teaching Program at Bard College, http://www.hannaharendtcenter.org/?p=7741~~
Contemporary observers of secondary education have appropriately decried the startling lack of understanding most students AND And that reality alone suggests that study of the presidency does indeed matter.
4. Key to meaningful dialogue—monopolizing strategic ground makes discussion one-sided and subverts any role of the neg
Ryan Galloway 7, Samford Comm prof, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007
Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where all parties receive a relatively AND substitutes for topical action do not accrue the dialogical benefits of topical advocacy.
Provisional rules like T are key to a praxis of self-reflexive thought necessary to address racism
Sophistic antilogic and a slightly altered version of dialectic, as heuristics, can be AND , in critical ways that look for structuring structures and address power relationships. Man-Measure and the Teachability of Arête A writing pedagogy that uses both antilogic and dialectic as heuristics would also have to AND views, ideas, decisions, positions, and visions of the world.
Responsibility for how revolution should come about matters because vagueness ensures more organized forces take over – debates about practical, logistical methods are necessary for radical change and reform alike
Finally revolutionaries have a responsibility to have a plausible plan for making revolution. Obviously AND build any sort of ongoing social movement (let alone a revolutionary organization).
Debating about the immediate effects of government offense is key to our skills offense—breaks out of traditional pedagogy and enhances active learning—even if we aren’t in positions of power
Esberg 26 Sagan 12 *Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University’s Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation "NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy," 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108
These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often provide very similar lessons for AND allies and adversaries, would behave in response to US policy initiatives.7 By university age, students often have a pre-defined view of international affairs AND quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14
1NC
The 1ac is rhetorically powerful but politically defeatist. Identity is historically constituted by contingent forces of political economy—insisting on transhistorical ontology of racism strengthens neolib
Chang’s perspective may help us see more clearly how ascriptive ideologies function. It certainly AND that the analogy fails because the historical circumstances are so radically different.12
The role of the ballot should be to reinvigorate class analysis- the US academy has drifted into practical irrelevance due to its fixation on difference and representational politics. It is precisely now, when global capitalism is in the process of unleashing massive violence, that focus on class is most important
Valerie Scatamburlo-D’Annibale PhD, Prof University of Windsor AND Peter McLaren PhD, Prof University of California, Los Angeles The Strategic Centrality of Class in the Politics of "Race" and "Difference Cultural Studies ? Critical Methodologies, Volume 3 Number 2, 2003 148-175 It is remarkable, in our opinion, that so much of contemporary social theory AND those narratives that have rendered visions of social transformation hopelessly impractical or obsolete.
The 1ac rests on a deep ambivalence toward institutional change. Their political stance isn’t liberating, it’s libertarian. Voting aff prevents consideration of alternatives and surrenders to capital
Eagleton, Distinguished Professor of English Literature at Lancaster University, Professor of Cultural Theory at the National University of Ireland and Distinguished Visiting Professor of English Literature at The University of Notre Dame, 1997 (Terry, Where do Postmodernists Come from? in In defense of history)
Imagine a radical movement that had suffered an emphatic defeat. So emphatic, in AND story of scarcity, suffering, and struggle. (17-22)
Our alternative is boring politics—it’s the only way to prevent criticism from being an end in itself
Frank ’12 Thomas, brilliant badass, author of What’s the Matter with Kansas? and editor of The Baffler "To the Precinct Station: How theory met practice …and drove it absolutely crazy" http://www.thebaffler.com/past/to_the_precinct_station
Occupy itself is pretty much gone. It was evicted from Zuccotti Park about two AND The media storm that once surrounded it has blown off to other quarters. Pause for a moment and compare this record of accomplishment to that of Occupy’s evil AND having one of its own named as the GOP’s vice-presidential candidate.
* * The question that the books under consideration here seek to answer is: What is AND be mired in a gluey swamp of academic talk and pointless antihierarchical posturing? The action certainly started with a bang. When the occupation of Zuccotti Park began AND began covering the proceedings with an attentiveness it rarely gives to leftist actions. But these accounts, with a few exceptions here and there, misread that overwhelming AND was really about. These are the details the public hungers to know. The building of a "community" in Zuccotti Park, for example, is AND humans are supposed to live together by studying an encampment of college students. The actual sins of Wall Street, by contrast, are much less visible. For example, when you read Occupying Wall Street, the work of a team of writers who participated in the protests, you first hear about the subject of predatory lending when a sympathetic policeman mentions it in the course of a bust. The authors themselves never bring it up. And if you want to know how the people in Zuccotti intended to block the AND in public spaces and inspiring mankind with its noble refusal to have leaders. Unfortunately, though, that’s not enough. Building a democratic movement culture is essential AND free-speech fights of a century ago look positively Prussian by comparison. With Occupy, the horizontal culture was everything. "The process is the message," as the protesters used to say and as most of the books considered here largely concur. The aforementioned camping, the cooking, the general-assembling, the filling of public places: that’s what Occupy was all about. Beyond that there seems to have been virtually no strategy to speak of, no agenda to transmit to the world.
* * Whether or not to have demands, you might recall, was something that Occupy AND thought to be a great accomplishment, a gesture of surpassing democratic virtue. And here we come to the basic contradiction of the campaign. To protest Wall AND own uprising against the hated state that wrecked the American way of life. Nor does it require poststructuralism-leading-through-anarchism to understand how to reverse these developments. You do it by rebuilding a powerful and competent regulatory state. You do it by rebuilding the labor movement. You do it with bureaucracy. Occupiers often seemed aware of this. Recall what you heard so frequently from protesters’ lips back in the days of September 2011: Restore the old Glass-Steagall divide between investment and commercial banks, they insisted. Bring back big government21 Bring back safety21 Bring back boredom21 But that’s no way to fire the imagination of the world. So, how do you maintain the carnival while secretly lusting for the CPAs? By indefinitely suspending the obvious next step. By having no demands. Demands would have signaled that humorless, doctrinaire adults were back in charge and that the fun was over. This was an inspired way to play the situation in the beginning, and for AND ," in which the experience of protesting is what protesting is all about.
That’s the only way to break the guilt and resentment cycle. We’re not interested in the holier-than-thou approach of two white dudes from Michigan calling them capitalist—rather, political critique is constructive collectivist engagement—that’s key to prevent the ballot from becoming a palliative endorsement of identity
Enns 12—Professor of Philosophy at McMaster University (Dianne, The Violence of Victimhood, 28-30)
Guilt and Ressentiment We need to think carefully about what is at stake here. AND . 23 Let us turn now to an exploration of this third outcome.
3/30/14
Neg Cites vs Towson JR
Tournament: Pitt RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Towson JR | Judge: Short 1nc Basing politics on the hook’s understanding of the black experience, to quote their evidence, “the traumatic pain” of segregation, usurps understanding of political economy—this legitimizes neoliberal ideology and mystifies class antagonism Reed 2013 – professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania, specializing in race and American politics. He has taught at Yale, Northwestern and the New School for Social Research. An expert on racial and economic inequality, he is a founding member of the Labor Party and a frequent contributor to The Nation (2/25, Adolph, Nonsite, “Django Unchained, or, The Help: How “Cultural Politics” Is Worse Than No Politics at All, and Why”, http://nonsite.org/feature/django-unchained-or-the-help-how-cultural-politics-is-worse-than-no-politics-at-all-and-why)
In both films the bogus happy endings are possible only because they characterize their respective AND action, which their common reflex is to disparage as inauthentic or corrupt. Class is better starting point—intersecting inequality is real, but Marxism is key to historicize it and address collective imperatives—for instance, in the context of debate, large parts of “norms of decorum” in debate are premised on producing economic subjects for post fordist office settings—this historical frame is key Taylor 11 Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, on the editorial board of the International Socialist Review and a doctoral student in African American Studies at Northwestern University; “Race, class and Marxism,” SocialistWorker.org, http://socialistworker.org/2011/01/04/race-class-and-marxism
Marxists believe that the potential for that kind of unity is dependant on battles and AND one group of workers suffer oppression, it negatively impacts the entire class. Refuse their ethical criteria—it insulates protest from accountability and trades off with collective struggle. Chandler 7 – Researcher @ Centre for the Study of Democracy, Chandler. 2007. Centre for the Study of Democracy, Westminster, Area, Vol. 39, No. 1, p. 118-119
This disjunction between the human/ethical/global causes of post-territorial political AND organize opposition, the ephemeral and incoherent character of protest is immediately apparent. Claiming “debate space” as a site for organic, horizontalist politics sells out radical change to the private sphere of individual performance. Marcus 2012 – associate book editor at Dissent Magazine (Fall, David, “The Horizontalists”, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/the-horizontalists)
There is a much-recycled and certainly apocryphal tale told of an ethnographer traveling in India. Journeying up and down the Ganges Delta, he encounters a fisherman who claims to know the source of all truth. “The world,” the fisherman explains, “rests upon the back of an elephant.” “But what does the elephant AND that, in our age of ever more stratification, we must resist. Our alternative is boring politics—it’s the only way to prevent criticism from being an end in itself Frank '12 Thomas, brilliant badass, author of What's the Matter with Kansas? and editor of The Baffler "To the Precinct Station: How theory met practice …and drove it absolutely crazy" http://www.thebaffler.com/past/to_the_precinct_station
Occupy itself is pretty much gone. It was evicted from Zuccotti Park about two AND ,” in which the experience of protesting is what protesting is all about. We’ll situate our alternative in a specific context: you can embrace hacking as a means to break down capitalism – the positionality of programmers is key to determine the future of capitalism – demanding the freedom of all information on the web, both within and outside of the debate space is crucial to breaking down the dominant commodity form Crimethinc 13 “Deserting the Digital Utopia,” Crimethinc, Oct 28, 2013 http://www.crimethinc.com/texts/ex/digital-utopia.html
The Force Quits¶ For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction AND and with it, themselves as a class. Desert the digital utopia. Capitalism is reaching a tipping point – saturating the entire globe with digital products ensures the constant evaluation, ranking, and disposability of all people – any alternative fails without subverting this technological paradigm Crimethinc 13 “Deserting the Digital Utopia,” Crimethinc, Oct 28, 2013 http://www.crimethinc.com/texts/ex/digital-utopia.html
The ideal capitalist product would derive its value from the ceaseless unpaid labor of the AND , the more we can expect to see social and economic polarization accelerate. The affirmative obfuscates the resurgence of capitalism as an explanatory force for the ongoing DIGITAL FEUDALISM of the status quo—absent explicit refusal of the logic of capitalism, the internet is dominated by cyber elites that police all possibilities of dissent Crimethinc 13 “Deserting the Digital Utopia,” Crimethinc, Oct 28, 2013 http://www.crimethinc.com/texts/ex/digital-utopia.html
The System Updates¶ Competition and market expansion have always stabilized capitalism by offering new AND The tools of liberation must be forged in the struggle to achieve it. That’s the only way to break the guilt and resentment cycle. We’re not interested in the holier-than-thou approach of two white kids from Michigan calling them capitalist—rather, political critique is constructive collectivist engagement—that’s key to prevent the ballot from becoming a palliative endorsement of identity Enns 12—Professor of Philosophy at McMaster University (Dianne, The Violence of Victimhood, 28-30)
Guilt and Ressentiment We need to think carefully about what is at stake here. AND . 23 Let us turn now to an exploration of this third outcome.
Interest convergence innate to capitalism accounts for the material context of the 1960’s civil rights gains discussed in their hooks evidence– Only our framework consistently explains the ups AND downs of minority empowerment by identifying the implicit bargain between concessions from government elites and the ideological support of black communities—consider this in the context of their gaze arguments, which are not something they can solve Delgado, 02. Law Professor @ University of Colorado-Boulder – 2002 (Richard, “Explaining the Rise and Fall of African American Fortunes: Interest Convergence and Civil Rights Gains,” Review of Mary L. Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy, Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, Volume 37 37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 369, pp. 369-387 at 385-6) jfs
Mary Dudziak's Cold War Civil Rights demonstrates how the self-interest of elite groups AND was blacks' willingness to go along with America's *386 strategic efforts,
2nc round 2 2nc link
Concrete political demands are necessary despite the evil of the state—their approach bears a strange equivalence to Rand’s philosophy Frank '12 Thomas, brilliant badass, author of What's the Matter with Kansas? and editor of The Baffler "To the Precinct Station: How theory met practice …and drove it absolutely crazy" http://www.thebaffler.com/past/to_the_precinct_station
Leaderlessness is another virtue claimed by indignados on the right as well as left. AND But here’s the rub: only the Right manages to profit from it. Even if cap is experienced racially for them—that doesn’t deny our argument—even if they destabilize race—cap ensures a constant reshuffling of artificial divisions—perm is deck chairs Dave Hill, teaches at Middlesex University and is Visiting Professor of Critical Education Policy and Equality Studies at the University of Limerick, Ireland. Culturalist and Materialist Explanations of Class and "Race", Cultural Logic 2009 http://clogic.eserver.org/2009/Hill.pdf
In contrast to both Critical Race Theorists and revisionist socialists/left liberals/equivalence AND of capitalism, the labor-capital relation and its attendant class conflict. Race is constructed form the raw materials furnished by class relations—their fatalism on that front makes both problems inevitable E. San Juan, Jr. , PhD harvard Marxism and the Race/Class Problematic: A Re-Articulation , Cultural Logic Vol 6 2003
No longer valid as a scientific instrument of classification, race today operates as a AND essentializing or naturalizing historical traditions and values which are contingent on mutable circumstances. 2nc perm
Even if cap is experienced racially for them—that doesn’t deny our argument—even if they destabilize race—cap ensures a constant reshuffling of artificial divisions—perm is deck chairs Dave Hill, teaches at Middlesex University and is Visiting Professor of Critical Education Policy and Equality Studies at the University of Limerick, Ireland. Culturalist and Materialist Explanations of Class and "Race", Cultural Logic 2009 http://clogic.eserver.org/2009/Hill.pdf
In contrast to both Critical Race Theorists and revisionist socialists/left liberals/equivalence AND of capitalism, the labor-capital relation and its attendant class conflict. 6. The perm nullifies class as a useful means of inquiry—makes the alt superfluous through methodological individualism which echoes the failures of multiculturalism E. San Juan, Jr. , PhD harvard Marxism and the Race/Class Problematic: A Re-Articulation , Cultural Logic Vol 6 2003
The implacably zombifying domination of the Cold War for almost half a century has made AND Henri Lefebvre (1971) calls "the bureaucratic society of controlled consumption."
1nr round 2 Interest con The 1AC makes the same bargain as the postwar Civil Rights Compromise. For the structures of white supremacy, racial equity is not an end in and of itself – The price extracted in exchange for the legitimacy of the plan is accepting the current terms of American nationalism which means that the official antiracism they advocate must remain blind to the linkage between race and the imperialism of American capital. Melamed, 06. Assistant Professor in African American Studies @ Marquette (Jodi, “The Spirit of Neoliberalism: From Racial Liberalism to Multicultural Neoliberalism,” Social Text 89, Volume 24, Number 4, Winter, pp. 1-25 at 6) jfs
It is important to note that the study’s purview is as much geopolitical as racial AND for granted and to remain blind to global capitalism as a race issue. AND, interest convergence acts as a safety valve for white elites to defuse the possibility of black revolution. Lee, 07. Law Professor @ GW (Cynthia, “Cultural Convergence: Interest Convergence Theory Meets the Cultural Defense?” Arizona Law Review, Vol. 49, No. 4, Winter 49 Ariz. L. Rev. 911, George Washington University Legal Studies Research Paper No. 248; George Washington University Law School Public Law Research Paper No. 248, p. 922. PDF Online @ http://ssrn.com/abstract=968754) Accessed 08.19.10 jfs
Bell also posited that the Brown decision helped America in its efforts to persuade African AND is an important check on widespread disaffection that may end in revolution.”56
Hacking The self-evident history of the Western academy itself must be hacked—a radical re-orientation of the form knowledge production takes is necessary—this turns your Moten argument, accepting the ballot as a coherent piece of property that can be ACCUMULATED by you by DEBATING, on DEBATE’S terms is a double turn with your aff—you can be as radical as you want in terms of arguments, but you have refused to hack the ballot, you have not stolen it, in fact you have recognized it and recognized the university—try or die and proves our interest convergence arguments Wark 04. McKenzie Wark, scholar, activist, hacker based in Australia, A Hacker Manifesto, https://www.academia.edu/182789/A_Hacker_Manifesto
History is itself an abstraction, AND need be know only in the abstract to be practiced in the particular.
Hacking solves your intersectionality arguments—we’re not a vanguard, and we can form class alliances that solve Wark 04. McKenzie Wark, scholar, activist, hacker based in Australia, A Hacker Manifesto, https://www.academia.edu/182789/A_Hacker_Manifesto
The hacker class, being numerically small and not owning the means of production, AND The potential of a class- divided world to produce its own overcoming comes not a moment too soon.
1/25/14
Neg vs Oklahoma LM
Tournament: Pitt RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oklahoma LM | Judge: Kelsie 1nc The 1ac has opened itself unconditionally to the revenge of otherness. Prepare for the consequences. As Jean Baudrillard said in 2008, Jean Baudrillard, The Perfect Crime, pg. 150
Such is the allegory of otherness vanquished and condemned to the servile state of resemblance AND on to the counter offensive. Already they resemble us less and less… “I’ll not be your mirror!” The 1ac has extended us gracious unconditional hospitality. We accept (as if we had not always been there, reflecting them, anyway). With their guard down, we have taken their 1ac hostage. Our demand: the ballot. The 2ac will meet our demands or suffer the great revenge of otherness. The 1ac invites the possibility of the symbolic trap of otherness, the possibility of tricking the subject-who-acts to welcome us unconditionally so that we can rupture the metastasis of debate itself, triggering a symbolic overcoding of the 1ac that the system simply cannot respond to. The 1ac has no ability to respond because we took it, its ours, stolen away to defeat the system on its own terms, turning signs against signs and over-accelerating all symbolic distinctions between self and other as the distinction between terrorist and hostage becomes murkier and murkier. This time, we will not be defeated. Only the negative is so radically other as to collapse the fundamental metastasis of affirmative and negative. Baudrillard 76 Jean, brilliant French philosopher, professor of sociology and philosophy at Université de Paris-IX Dauphine, Symbolic Exchange and Death, p. 36-38
We will not destroy the system by a direct, dialectical revolution of the economic AND forbidden it, the only violence it cannot exert: its own death.
The technology of the ballot is not neutral, but reflects a crucial technique of global semiotic capitalism: abstracting language and exchange value such that they become indeterminate and lose their relationship to the real and all that matters if the currency demarcation of affirmative or negative—explode this metastasis, rip it out Bifo 11. Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Professor of Social History of Communication at the Accademia di Belle Arti of Milan, After the Future, pg. 104-108
Time is in the mind. The essential limit to growth is the mental impossibility AND realistic stage of capitalism, and the instauration of the logic of simulation. Reality itself founders in hyperrealism, the meticulous reduplication of the real, preferably through AND ecstasy of denial and of its own ritual extermination: the hyperreal. ... The reality principle corresponds to a certain stage of the law of value. Today AND as a system of reference for simulation. (Baudrillard 1993a: 2) Simulation is the new plane of consistency of capitalist growth: financial speculation, for AND mobilization. Exhaustion follows, and exhaustion is the only way of escape: Nothing, not even the system, can avoid the symbolic obligation, and it AND become confused in the same sacrificial act. (Baudrillard 1993a: 37) In these impressive pages Baudrillard outlines the end of the modern dialectics of revolution against AND . When the code becomes the enemy the only strategy can be catastrophic: all the counterphobic ravings about exorcizing evil: it is because it is there, everywhere, like an obscure object of desire. Without this deep-seated complicity, the event would not have had the resonance it has, and in their symbolic strategy the terrorists doubtless know that they can count on this unavowable complicity. (Baudrillard 2003: 6) This goes much further than hatred for the dominant global power by the disinherited and the exploited, those who fell on the wrong side of global order. This malignant desire is in the very heart of those who share this order’s benefits. An allergy to all definitive order, to all definitive power is happily universal, and the two towers of the World Trade Center embodied perfectly, in their very double-ness (literally twin-ness), this definitive order: No need, then, for a death drive or a destructive instinct, or AND and declared war on itself. (Baudrillard 2003: 6-7) In Baudrillard’s catastrophic vision I see a new way of thinking subjectivity: a reversal of the energetic subjectivation that animates the revolutionary theories of the 20th century, and the opening of an implosive theory of subversion, based on depression and exhaustion. In the activist view exhaustion is seen as the inability of the social body to AND would definitely threaten the ethos of relentless productivity that neoliberal politics has imposed. The mother of all the bubbles, the work bubble, would finally deflate. AND -technological armies of the West both in Iraq, and in Afghanistan. The suicidal implosion has not been confined to the Islamists. Suicide has became a AND new concatenation, where collective intelligence is only subjected to the common good. Baudrillard once observed that “If the matrix were to make a movie about the matrix, The Matrix is surely the movie it would make”—we think this is true of the 1ac’s relationship to debate. The 1ac’s banal observation that debate is dying ignores that it is already dead—the University is a site of social death, the mass grave of Western culture. The aff’s fetishization of “keeping debate alive” plays into the hands of the system by denying the violence innate to the university system itself—only triggering a symbolic collapse can reverse this metastasis as the aff paves over the conditions of violent colonialism that made it possible for them to be here, debating in the first place. Anonymous UC Berkeley Graduate Student 10. “The University, Social Death, and the Inside Joke,” http://news.infoshop.org/article.php?story=20100220181610620
Universities may serve as progressive sites of inquiry in some cases, yet this does AND interpretation and every connotation, no longer denoting anyone or anything."56
A brief interlude: perhaps in addition to suicide bombing the affirmative, debate ought be destroyed or sacrificed that some may escape. Perhaps the 1ac’s fatal mistake was refusing to put it all on the line, or, as Bill Burroughs said in 1988, William S. Burroughs, Western Lands 1988
Governments fall from sheer indifference. Authority figures, deprived of the vampiric energy they AND can leave behind everything they have ever believed in can hope to escape.
You should not only be willing to sacrifice the 1ac, you should also refuse the affirmative’s black mail and be willing to sacrifice the debate community itself. This is the only way to redeem this community. Mbembe 06. Achille Mbembe, senior researcher at the Institute of Social and Economic Research at the University of the Witwatersrand, “Faces of Freedom: Jewish and Black Experiences,” Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, 7:3, pg. 298
There is another version of liberation we encounter in black imagination. It is predicated AND is a sacrifice that is consummated for all, hence its redemptive character. What black experiences of martyrdom (Cabral, Lumumba, Um Nyobe`, and many AND of freedom, is a fundamental aspect of modern black narratives of redemption. Then there is the relation between freedom and violence. Whether theorized or not, AND can only spring up again out of the rotting corpse of the settler’.
The 1ac is a violent technology built on their critical negligence of the undercommon labor that is the condition of possibility for the realization of their aff—those too radical to read Oklahoma’s who they simultaneously claim to represent, capture, and render coherent and visible, but all they do is further insulate the university by denying the undercommons. Moten and Harney 13. Stefano Harney, Professor of Strategic Management Education at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University and a co-founder of the School for Study and Fred Moten, Helen L. Bevington Professor of Modern Poetry at Duke, “Politics Surrounded,” The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study, pg. 29
Introducing this labor upon labor, and providing the space for its de- velopment AND undercommons, its maroons, are always at war, always in hiding. The maroons know something about possibility. They are the condi- tion of possibility AND critical academic is always at the same time an assertion of bourgeois individualism. Such negligence is the essence of professionalization where it turns out professionalization is not the AND , sends its claim that what is left beyond the critical is waste. But in fact, critical education only attempts to perfect professional education. The professions constitute themselves in an opposition to the unregulated and the ignorant without acknowledging AND more than an ally of professional education, it is its attempted completion. A professional education has become a critical education. But one should not applaud this fact. It should be taken for what it is, not pro- gress in the professional schools, not cohabitation with the Univer- sitas, but counterinsurgency, the refounding terrorism of law, coming for the discredited, coming for those who refuse to write off or write up the undercommons.
Another way to think about our argument would be to steal away the 1ac from the affirmative. Only an abuse of the university’s own hospitality steals labor back to the clandestine, the undercommons. They must allow their very subjectivity to be ruptured by us—this is the only way to break open the auto-immune circle of the university itself Moten and Harney 04. Fred Moten and Stefano Harney, The University and the AND as it is the prophecy in the organization of the act of teaching.
Any answer they try to make to our argument is simply emblematic of white settler colonialism, setting a supposedly radical curriculum while scripting the possibilities of encountering otherness within the university and FORGETTING that this whole debate takes place on stolen land Tuck and Gaztambide-Fernandez ’13 (EVE TUCK and RUBÉN A. GAZTAMBIDE-FERNÁNDEZ, “Curriculum, Replacement, and Settler Futurity,” Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2013, p. 72-89) m leap
Natty Bumppo, not savage, and no longer European, is positioned to claim AND been sidelined and reappropriated in ways that reinscribe settler colonialism and settler futurity.
This debate will be about dueling encounters with otherness—even if they win Derrida’s is theoretically better, their rhetorical silence on the question of the animal means they don’t solve it anyway Derrida 88. Jacques Derrida, “Jean-Luc Nancy: Interview with Jacques Derrida” Topoi, no.7,http://www.lacan.com/thesymptom/?p=271
JD: I didn't say, "there is no problematic of the subject", AND " it as on the "subjectile" for example. 4 In insisting upon the as such, I am pointing from afar to the inevitable AND is from the standpoint of Dasein that Heidegger defines the humanity of man. Why have I rarely spoken of the “subject” or of “subjectivity”, AND here of course is responsibility, freedom, truth, ethics and law.
The 1ac gets Derrida backwards—their attempt to KNOW what is possibly ethical behavior to the other SCRIPTS that encounter and converts the messianic potential of the 1ac into weak messianism—this let down is a precondition for otherized violence Caputo 97. John D., Deconstruction in a Nutshell: A Conversation with Jacques Derrida, ed. w/ commentary by Caputo, pages 156-164
It is clear to anyone with a Jewish ear, to anyone with half an AND I have elsewhere tried to show-"Come" would be his prayer. Viens, oui, oui (Parages 116; PdS 701Points 65). That is deconstruction in a word, in three words. In a nutshell. Derrida at first avoided the notion of the messianic on the grounds that it entailed AND of the future, of those who are yet to come (arrivants). This messianic motif appears alongside his recent "circumfession" (circonfession) of his "alliance" ("covenant") with Judaism, never broken but never kept, by ignoring which he has been "read less and less well over almost twenty years," his revelation of "my religion about which nobody understands anything" (Circon. 145-146/Circum. 154). The news could not be worse for Derrida's secularizing, Nietzscheanizing admirers. They thought they found in deconstruction the consummating conclusion of the Death-of- AND , and who is therefore not the private property of some chosen people.
2nc The 1ac duplicates the most violent of debate technologies in its own critique—it is the perfection of the system, its insulation from critique Baudrillard 76. Jean Baudrillard, Symbolic Exchange and Death, pg. 74
The consummate enjoyment jouissance of the signs of guilt, despair, violence AND the pathetic hallucination of the sign and the pathetic hallucination of the real).
In light of such a list it becomes difficult to hold onto any assumption that AND in such a way to change the course of history. 7
This means their relationship to the debate community must be refused—make them write a new 1ac – even if other parts of it are good, naming the animal oppression is a prerequisite to accessing ethics in this space Leeson-Schatz 12—DOD at Binghamton (Joe, “Animals, Allies, and Race”, http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php?topic=4217.0, dml)
So what is my central advocacy and concern? Put simply, animal rights. AND environmental destruction and furthers the injustices suffered by other human populations as well. Can’t be ethical when animals are oppressed – accesses root cause Johns 98 David M. Adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science Portland State Univ. B.S. Political Science and Anthropology 1976, Portland State University; M.A. Political Science 1978, J.D. Law, 1980, Columbia University. The Relevance of Deep Ecology to the Third World (1990) Some Preliminary Comments in The great new wilderness debate By J. Baird Callicott, Michael P. Nelson ct Page/s 257
MILITARIZATION As with overconsumption we should ask which system of values will constrain militarism more AND social development that includes patriarchy, class domination, statism, and militarism.
