Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Fitz, Donlan, Woodruff
neg went 1 off state is racist with various links
Wake
3
Opponent: Kansas BC | Judge: Austin Layton
Same 1Ac as round 2 new plan
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
1AC - Fullerton Round 4
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Liberty MB | Judge: Najor 1AC Contention 1 --- Intervention Congress has abdicated war powers, leaving no check on unitary executive war-making Pinhiero 11 – John C. Pinhiero, Associate Professor of History at Aquinas College, ““Hostilities” and War Powers: Let’s Choose the Constitution”, History News Service, 6-29, http://historynewsservice.org/2011/06/hostilities-and-war-powers-lets-choose-the-constitution/
Last week Rep. Jerrold Nadler of New York warned that "if we don't AND , as in the case of Rep. Nadler, it can happen. Executive war power structurally ensures groupthink and escalatory interventions Fleischman 10 – Matthew Fleischman, J.D. Candidate at New York University School of Law, “A Functional Distribution of War Powers”, New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy, 13 N.Y.U. J. Legis. and Pub. Pol'y 137, Lexis
While Nzelibe and Yoo's model is clearly plausible, it misses certain critical institutional constructs AND it is the institutional design that would better accommodate functionalists' concerns and desires. Those go nuclear --- Accidents and miscalc Adler 8 – David Gray, Professor of Political Science at Idaho State University, “The Judiciary and Presidential Power in Foreign Affairs: A Critique”, 6-1, http://www.freerangethought.com/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=blogsectionandid=6andItemid=41
{11} The structure of shared powers in foreign relations serves to deter abuse AND to an examination of the judiciary's contribution to executive hegemony in foreign affairs. High tempo interventions draw in outside powers Friedman 11 – George Friedman, President of Stratfor Global Forecasting, “What Happened to the American Declaration of War?”, Stratfor, 3-29, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20110328-what-happened-american-declaration-war
An Increasing Tempo AND -or-death matter, a tonic for our adolescent body politic. Requiring prior Congressional authorization for war deters adventurism Bacevich 13 – Andrew, Professor of History and International Relations at Boston University and Ph.D. in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University, The New American Militarism, p. 205-210
There is, wrote H. L. Mencken, “always a well- AND point, citizens should replace them by electing people able to do so. The process makes conflict less likely, regardless of Congress’ response Grynaviski 13 – Eric Grynaviski, Professor of Political Science at The George Washington University, “The Bloodstained Spear: Public Reason and Declarations of War”, International Theory, 5(2), Cambridge Journals
Conclusion The burden of the argument, thus far, has been to show that no AND diplomacy does not loom large as a central component of just war reasoning. Contention 3 --- SOP Unchecked war power sets a precedent that causes the executive to broadly ignore Congressional controls Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
Thus, as future administrations contemplate the extent of their own discretion at the " AND for a change that risks such a fundamental revision of our national identity. U.S. war powers are modeled internationally --- precedent of executive authority encourages preemptive conflict in Korea Sloane 8 – Sloane, Associate Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law, 2008 (Robert, Boston University Law Review, April, 88 B.U.L. Rev. 341, Lexis)
There is a great deal more constitutional history that arguably bears on the scope of AND to U.S. national security in the twenty-first century. Risk’s high --- no restraint Blair 13 – David Blair, Chief Foreign Correspondent and Former Diplomatic Editor at The Daily Telegraph, National Post Wire Services, M.Phil in International Relations from Cambridge University, 2012 Foreign Reporter of the Year – The Press Awards, “A Small Incident Could Quickly Escalate into a Korean War That No Side Wants”, National Post, 4-5, http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/04/05/a-small-incident-could-quickly-escalate-into-a-korean-war-that-no-side-wants/
Despite everything, this crisis will almost certainly not peak with North Korea deciding to AND this. We do not know whether Mr Kim’s is hot or cold. Korea escalates --- model of preemption bypasses their defense Pulcifer 3 – Ash Pulcifer, U.S. Based Analyst of International Conflicts and Human Rights Activist at the Information Clearing House, “The Dangers Caused By A Policy Of Preemption”, 3-1, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article1722.htm
As witnessed by two nuclear tests and intermittent missile launches, the¶ so- AND the¶ current world order and to build a new world order.25 Requiring formal declaration of war restores Congressional war powers and balances SOP by checking the Executive Weinberger 9 – Seth Weinberger, Assistant Professor in the Department of Politics and Government at the University of Puget Sound, M.A. and Ph.D. in Political Science from Duke University, “Balancing War Powers in an Age of Terror”, The Good Society, 18(2), http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/good_society/v018/18.2.weinberger.html
The key to developing a constitutionally, legally, and practically sound balanced theory of AND -so to undo that separation, even in the face of war. Plan – The United States Federal Government should require Congressional authorization prior to initiating offensive use of military force. Plan’s the perfect balance that checks the Executive but preserves defensive capabilities Lobel 8 – Jules Lobel, Professor at University of Pittsburgh Law School, “War Powers for the 21st Century: The Constitutional Perspective”, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights and Oversight Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S. House of Representatives, 4-10, http://democrats.foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/lob041008.htm
III Revising the War Powers Resolution AND the executive branch itself for most of our history of war powers development. Macro-Institutional starting points are often critiqued. But micro-starting points of SELF or societal, instead of State, transformation are less effective in this narrow context.
Stuhr ‘8 (John J, Professor of Philosophy and American Studies, and Chair, Department of Philosophy at Emory University “A Terrible Love of Hope”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy New Series, Volume 22, Number 4, Project Muse)
And then what, now what? What should a meliorist do? Terrible lovers AND peace must be, in the broadest sense of the term, educational.
Particularity Thesis. Sweeping claims don’t undercut the Aff. We can advance contingent and particular knowledge without “Big T” Truths.
If we lose pre-fiat, then we do nothing. But non-concrete activism is WORSE THAN NOTHING. No Framework QUESTION can veer this round from the NEXUS QUESTION OF CONCRETE ALTS. Without those, we’re awful activists.
Bryant ‘12 (EDITED FOR GENDERED LANGUAGE – the author said “she” and it was replaced with the word “to” – Levi Bryant is currently a Professor of Philosophy at Collin College. In addition to working as a professor, Bryant has also served as a Lacanian psychoanalyst. He received his Ph.D. from Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois, where he originally studied 'disclosedness' with the Heidegger scholar Thomas Sheehan. Bryant later changed his dissertation topic to the transcendental empiricism of Gilles Deleuze, “Critique of the Academic Left”, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/)
I must be in a mood today– half irritated, half amused –because AND . Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that.
Even if “fiat’s not real”, and Affs don’t control levers of power today, we advance a heuristic. Without this heuristic of fiat, we’ll re-enforce dangerous nihilism.
Hoff ‘6 (et al, Dr. Dianne Hoff, professor in the College of Education and Human Development and president of Faculty Senate, University of Maine, Journal of Educational Administration, 44:3 – available via Emerald Management 120 database).
There is no question that helping educational leadership students become self-analytical and reflect AND . This is an arena from which a new social order can emerge.
Our heuristic’s about CONCRETE and Pragmatic ALTS. It’s important regardless of drones or executive power. Helps us learn to check violence.
Small ‘6 (Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, “Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp) What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip AND engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context.
And, if the debate winds-up a “tie”, presumption should shift in favor of change – best avoids nihilism.
Serial Policy Failure wrong and Policy Nihilism Bad.
Tallis ‘97 Raymond Tallis, Professor of Geriatric Medicine at the University of Manchester – Enemies of Hope: A Critique of Contemporary Pessimism, Published by Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0312173261, p. 407-409
If we deny or rubbish the progress that mankind has already made, and at AND poverty of spirit and meanness of mind will not have the last word.
1/8/14
1AC - Fullerton Round 4
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Liberty MB | Judge: Najor 1AC Contention 1 --- Intervention Congress has abdicated war powers, leaving no check on unitary executive war-making Pinhiero 11 – John C. Pinhiero, Associate Professor of History at Aquinas College, ““Hostilities” and War Powers: Let’s Choose the Constitution”, History News Service, 6-29, http://historynewsservice.org/2011/06/hostilities-and-war-powers-lets-choose-the-constitution/
Last week Rep. Jerrold Nadler of New York warned that "if we don't AND , as in the case of Rep. Nadler, it can happen. Executive war power structurally ensures groupthink and escalatory interventions Fleischman 10 – Matthew Fleischman, J.D. Candidate at New York University School of Law, “A Functional Distribution of War Powers”, New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy, 13 N.Y.U. J. Legis. and Pub. Pol'y 137, Lexis
While Nzelibe and Yoo's model is clearly plausible, it misses certain critical institutional constructs AND it is the institutional design that would better accommodate functionalists' concerns and desires. Those go nuclear --- Accidents and miscalc Adler 8 – David Gray, Professor of Political Science at Idaho State University, “The Judiciary and Presidential Power in Foreign Affairs: A Critique”, 6-1, http://www.freerangethought.com/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=blogsectionandid=6andItemid=41
{11} The structure of shared powers in foreign relations serves to deter abuse AND to an examination of the judiciary's contribution to executive hegemony in foreign affairs. High tempo interventions draw in outside powers Friedman 11 – George Friedman, President of Stratfor Global Forecasting, “What Happened to the American Declaration of War?”, Stratfor, 3-29, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20110328-what-happened-american-declaration-war
An Increasing Tempo AND -or-death matter, a tonic for our adolescent body politic. Requiring prior Congressional authorization for war deters adventurism Bacevich 13 – Andrew, Professor of History and International Relations at Boston University and Ph.D. in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University, The New American Militarism, p. 205-210
There is, wrote H. L. Mencken, “always a well- AND point, citizens should replace them by electing people able to do so. The process makes conflict less likely, regardless of Congress’ response Grynaviski 13 – Eric Grynaviski, Professor of Political Science at The George Washington University, “The Bloodstained Spear: Public Reason and Declarations of War”, International Theory, 5(2), Cambridge Journals
Conclusion The burden of the argument, thus far, has been to show that no AND diplomacy does not loom large as a central component of just war reasoning. Contention 3 --- SOP Unchecked war power sets a precedent that causes the executive to broadly ignore Congressional controls Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
Thus, as future administrations contemplate the extent of their own discretion at the " AND for a change that risks such a fundamental revision of our national identity. U.S. war powers are modeled internationally --- precedent of executive authority encourages preemptive conflict in Korea Sloane 8 – Sloane, Associate Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law, 2008 (Robert, Boston University Law Review, April, 88 B.U.L. Rev. 341, Lexis)
There is a great deal more constitutional history that arguably bears on the scope of AND to U.S. national security in the twenty-first century. Risk’s high --- no restraint Blair 13 – David Blair, Chief Foreign Correspondent and Former Diplomatic Editor at The Daily Telegraph, National Post Wire Services, M.Phil in International Relations from Cambridge University, 2012 Foreign Reporter of the Year – The Press Awards, “A Small Incident Could Quickly Escalate into a Korean War That No Side Wants”, National Post, 4-5, http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/04/05/a-small-incident-could-quickly-escalate-into-a-korean-war-that-no-side-wants/
Despite everything, this crisis will almost certainly not peak with North Korea deciding to AND this. We do not know whether Mr Kim’s is hot or cold. Korea escalates --- model of preemption bypasses their defense Pulcifer 3 – Ash Pulcifer, U.S. Based Analyst of International Conflicts and Human Rights Activist at the Information Clearing House, “The Dangers Caused By A Policy Of Preemption”, 3-1, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article1722.htm
As witnessed by two nuclear tests and intermittent missile launches, the¶ so- AND the¶ current world order and to build a new world order.25 Requiring formal declaration of war restores Congressional war powers and balances SOP by checking the Executive Weinberger 9 – Seth Weinberger, Assistant Professor in the Department of Politics and Government at the University of Puget Sound, M.A. and Ph.D. in Political Science from Duke University, “Balancing War Powers in an Age of Terror”, The Good Society, 18(2), http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/good_society/v018/18.2.weinberger.html
The key to developing a constitutionally, legally, and practically sound balanced theory of AND -so to undo that separation, even in the face of war. Plan – The United States Federal Government should require Congressional authorization prior to initiating offensive use of military force. Plan’s the perfect balance that checks the Executive but preserves defensive capabilities Lobel 8 – Jules Lobel, Professor at University of Pittsburgh Law School, “War Powers for the 21st Century: The Constitutional Perspective”, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights and Oversight Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S. House of Representatives, 4-10, http://democrats.foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/lob041008.htm
III Revising the War Powers Resolution AND the executive branch itself for most of our history of war powers development. Macro-Institutional starting points are often critiqued. But micro-starting points of SELF or societal, instead of State, transformation are less effective in this narrow context.
Stuhr ‘8 (John J, Professor of Philosophy and American Studies, and Chair, Department of Philosophy at Emory University “A Terrible Love of Hope”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy New Series, Volume 22, Number 4, Project Muse)
And then what, now what? What should a meliorist do? Terrible lovers AND peace must be, in the broadest sense of the term, educational.
Particularity Thesis. Sweeping claims don’t undercut the Aff. We can advance contingent and particular knowledge without “Big T” Truths.
If we lose pre-fiat, then we do nothing. But non-concrete activism is WORSE THAN NOTHING. No Framework QUESTION can veer this round from the NEXUS QUESTION OF CONCRETE ALTS. Without those, we’re awful activists.
Bryant ‘12 (EDITED FOR GENDERED LANGUAGE – the author said “she” and it was replaced with the word “to” – Levi Bryant is currently a Professor of Philosophy at Collin College. In addition to working as a professor, Bryant has also served as a Lacanian psychoanalyst. He received his Ph.D. from Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois, where he originally studied 'disclosedness' with the Heidegger scholar Thomas Sheehan. Bryant later changed his dissertation topic to the transcendental empiricism of Gilles Deleuze, “Critique of the Academic Left”, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/)
I must be in a mood today– half irritated, half amused –because AND . Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that.
Even if “fiat’s not real”, and Affs don’t control levers of power today, we advance a heuristic. Without this heuristic of fiat, we’ll re-enforce dangerous nihilism.
Hoff ‘6 (et al, Dr. Dianne Hoff, professor in the College of Education and Human Development and president of Faculty Senate, University of Maine, Journal of Educational Administration, 44:3 – available via Emerald Management 120 database).
There is no question that helping educational leadership students become self-analytical and reflect AND . This is an arena from which a new social order can emerge.
Our heuristic’s about CONCRETE and Pragmatic ALTS. It’s important regardless of drones or executive power. Helps us learn to check violence.
Small ‘6 (Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, “Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp) What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip AND engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context.
And, if the debate winds-up a “tie”, presumption should shift in favor of change – best avoids nihilism.
Serial Policy Failure wrong and Policy Nihilism Bad.
Tallis ‘97 Raymond Tallis, Professor of Geriatric Medicine at the University of Manchester – Enemies of Hope: A Critique of Contemporary Pessimism, Published by Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0312173261, p. 407-409
If we deny or rubbish the progress that mankind has already made, and at AND poverty of spirit and meanness of mind will not have the last word.
1/8/14
1AC - Fullerton Round 6
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake CV | Judge: Zendeh Contention 1---Korea U.S. relies on threats of force against North Korea---makes prolif inevitable Hallinan 13 (Conn, Foreign Policy In Focus columnist. Hallinan is also a columnist for the Berkeley Daily Planet, and an occasional free lance medical policy writer. He is a recipient of a Project Censored "Real News Award." He formally ran the journalism program at the University of California at Santa Cruz, where he was also a college provost, Counterpunch, “Obama’s Flawed Korea Policies,” April 28, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/04/26/obamas-flawed-korea-policies/)
Ignoring North Korea, however, did not sit well with Japan and South Korea AND and the North Koreans were essentially saying, “We told you so.” Walking back threats empowers moderates and spurs reform Scobell 5 (Andrew, Associate Research Professor at the Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, and Adjunct Professor of Political Science at Dickinson College, “NORTH KOREA’S STRATEGIC INTENTIONS,” July, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub611.pdf)
Selig Harrison: Regime Is Moderating. Selig Harrison is a long time observer and AND e., plans to invade South Korea in any serious way.”17 Korean prolif causes war and EMP use---extinction Pry 13 (Peter Vincent, executive director of the Task Force on National and Homeland Security, and served on the Congressional EMP Commission and the House Armed Services Committee and at the CIA, Washington Times, PRY: The danger of dismissing North Korea’s nuclear threat, April 15, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/apr/15/the-danger-of-dismissing-north-koreas-nuclear-thre/?page=all)
Prudence and common sense appear to be absent in the Obama administration and Secretary of AND three successful nuclear tests is still not a real threat to the American heartland North Korean EMP threat is high and causes global wars Pry 12 (Peter, executive director of the Task Force on National and Homeland Security, and served on the Congressional EMP Commission and the House Armed Services Committee and at the CIA, “PRY: North Korea EMP attack could destroy U.S. — now,” December 19, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/dec/19/north-korea-emp-attack-could-destroy-us-now/?page=all)
North Korea has labored for years and starved its people so it could develop an AND dictators, will they want to take America with them down into darkness? Formal restraint recruits Chinese support---makes reunification peaceful Beinart 13 (Peter, former editor of The New Republic, he has written for Time, The New York Times, The New York Review of Books among other periodicals, and is the author of three books, The Daily Beast, “Hey, Obama: Keep Out of North Korea,” April 8, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/04/08/obama-can-help-stop-north-korea-by-promising-never-to-station-troops.html)
An earlier report …………….could do the same. Unstable collapse draws in great powers and goes nuclear Bennett, 13 (bruce w., senior defense analyst at the rand corporation and ph.d. in policy analysis from the pardee rand graduate school, “preparing for the possibility of a north korean collapse”, rand corporation, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR300/RR331/RAND_RR331.pdf)
The most immediate consequences of a North Korean government collapse will occur in North Korea AND these circumstances could doom Korea to division for at least many more decades. Extinction Hayes and Green 10 (Peter, Professor of International Relations – Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology and Director – Nautilus Institute, and Michael Hamel, Victoria University, “The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia”, Nautilus Institute Special Report, 1-5, http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf)
The consequences of failing to address the proliferation threat posed by the North Korea developments AND threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international community. US/China co-op solves the impact Snyder 7 (Scott, senior associate at the Asia Foundation and the Pacific Forum of the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He was a program officer at the United States Institute of Peace from 1994 to 1999. Joel Witt, senior associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, United States Institute for Peace, “Chinese Views Breaking the Stalemate on the Korean Peninsula,” February, http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/sr183.pdf)
While managing the six-party talks is likely to pose a continuing challenge, AND advocate moving forward with only minimal if any involvement by the international organization. Plan tempers coercive diplomacy---formal legislative checks stop threats and build international confidence Waxman 13 – Matthew Waxman, Law Professor at Columbia Law School, “The Constitutional Power To Threaten War”, Yale Law Journal, 10-1, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2316777
C. Legal Reform and Strategies of Threatened Force AND costs of war.186 Contention 2---Japan Formalizing Congressional war power creates a clear model that shapes Japanese constitutionalism Martin 11 – Craig Martin Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Baltimore School of Law Winter 2011 “Taking War Seriously: A Model for Constitutional Constraints on the Use of Force in Compliance with International Law” 76 Brooklyn L. Rev. 611 Lexis
The argument being developed in this article thus begins with the premise that while international AND should be tried in the effort to reduce the prevalence of armed conflict. Japan models Congress on war powers Damrosch 95 – Lori Fisler Damrosch Professor of Law at Columbia University “War And Responsibility: A Symposium On Congress, The President, And The Authority To Initiate Hostilities: Constitutional Control Over War Powers: A Common Core of Accountability in Democratic Societies?” October 1995 50 U. Miami L. Rev. 181 Lexis
I. Introduction My first opportunity AND should remain) unique. U.S. policy shapes Article 9 debates in Japan Shibata 3 – Byron Shibata Assistant Professor, Law Faculty, Ritsumeikan University 2003 “The Spirit of Civilian Control Over the Military: Lessons from the United States Constitution” Ritsumeikan Law Review http://www.ritsumei.ac. jp/acd cg/law/lex/rlr19/shibata.pdf
I?Introduction Since the Persian Gulf War in 1991, the world community, especially the United AND States, and a route that led to military tyranny their ultimate destruction. Executive control causes regional misperceptions that spark conflict Martin 7 – Craig Martin, LLM Candidate at University of Pennsylvania, Graduate of Osaka University Graduate School of Law, “The Case Against “Revising Interpretations” of the Japanese Constitution”, Japan Focus, http://japanfocus.org/-craig-martin/2434
It is not within the authority of the executive to mandate interpretations of the Constitution AND very destabilizing for the region, and inimical to Japan’s national security interests. Japan’s on the brink of conventional prolif---Article 9’s key Sieg 13 – Linda Sieg Chief Correspondent for Political and General News for Reuters “Japan to mull pre-emptive strike ability in defense update” July 25 2013 Reuters http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/25/us-japan-defence-idUSBRE96N1DC20130725
(Reuters) - Japan is …………….also be considered. Only direct Constitutional challenges stop Abe JT, 13 (Japan Times, August 9, “Mr. Abe’s constitutional runaround”, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion /2013/08/09/editorials/mr-abes-constitutional-runaround/#.UrZ5h_RDuSo)
Japan has begun AND Japan and China. Nuclear war—draws in the U.S. Eland 12-10 – Ivan Eland, Senior Fellow and Director of the Center on Peace and Liberty, The Independent Institute, “Stay Out of Petty Island Disputes in East Asia”, Huffington Post, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ivan-eland/stay-out-of-petty-island-_b_4414811.html
One of the most dangerous international disputes that the United States could get dragged into AND , China believes that the United States has chosen sides in the quarrel. Interdependence doesn’t check Ankit Panda 12/12/13 Associate Editor of The Diplomat and not an actual panda “Rationalist Explanations for War in the East China Sea” The Diplomat http://thediplomat.com/2013/12/rationalist-explanations-for-war-in-the-east-china-sea/
Events in the East China Sea since 2009 have thrust to the forefront the following AND despite the economic costs. Obama will comply Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
In addition to offering important guidance concerning the congressional role, our historical review also AND the executive branch itself for most of our history of war powers development. Especially on North Korea Rapp-Hooper, 13 (mira, stanton nuclear security fellow at the council on foreign relations and phd candidate in political science at columbia university and mphil from columbia university, 9/13, “do chemical weapons threaten us extended deterrence in asia?”, the diplomat, http://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2013/09/13/do-chemical-weapons-threaten-us-extended-deterrence-in-asia/)
On the other hand, the decision-making process over intervention in Syria has AND half, said constitutional processes can’t look pretty if you’re sitting in Seoul. Plan
The United States Federal Government should require Congressional authorization prior to the introduction of United States Armed Forces in armed combat on the geographic territory of North Korea, unless to repel attacks by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
1/8/14
1AC - Gender
Tournament: GSU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: OU CL | Judge: Stone, Garrett, Barouch Unchecked war powers has set a precedent that centralizes power in a small elite circle of men—this group controls all decision on when to wage war Barron 8 (David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis)
Thus, as future …. likely to occur. This centralization is not exclusive to war powers, but spills over to broader issues to ensure that exclusive presidential powers frames multiple decisions made every day Barron 8 (David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis)
Moreover, this historical …. our national identity. This unchecked masculine privilege sets a precedent that sends an international signal. Only debates that disrupt this precedent can reign in executive authority and stop preventative wars Sloane 8 (Robert Sloane, Associate Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law, 2008 Boston University Law Review, April, 88 B.U.L. Rev. 341, Lexis) There is a …… twenty-first century.
Teaching the heuristic of working within the institution is vital to prevent worldwide conflicts. Only the legislature can prevent the executive from engaging in endless interventions Grynaviski 13 Eric Grynaviski, Professor of Political Science at The George Washington University, “The Bloodstained Spear: Public Reason and Declarations of War”, International Theory, 5(2), Cambridge Journals
Conclusion The burden …….of political leaders.
Congress has cheapened the decision to go to war—the result is a lack of debate over when to go to war and large-scale casualties due to careless interventions Zelizer ‘11 Julian E. Zelizer, Professor of History and Public Affairs at Princeton University, “War Powers Belong to Congress and the President”, CNN Opinion, 6-27, http://www.cnn.com/2011/OPINION/06/27/zelizer.war.powers/index.html But the failure ………. rather than later.
Preventive war is already killing people—the precedent is only escalating into unending violence Lichterman ‘2 (et al; Andrew Lichterman is program director of Western States Legal Foundation. John Burroughs is executive director of Lawyers’ Committee on Nuclear Policy. “War Is Not the Path to Peace: The United States, Iraq, and the Need for Stronger International Legal Standards to Prevent War” – October 24th – http://www.wslfweb.org/docs/iraqlaw2.htm) The dangers of ………..of essential services.
This violence disproportionality effects women. Interventions cause massive amounts of sexual violence that normalize rape cultures and subordinate women Chowdhury 2 (Rumna, J.D. expected 2002, University of Minnesota. B.S. 1999, University of Wisconsin, 20 Law and Ineq. J. 91)
The effects of ……….. has traditionally received.
Forty-three men have been called the Commander-in-chief. A woman has never had control over the military. We should limit executive privilege because it has structurally excluded women and left their voices out of the public sphere. The plan allows the inclusion of female voices in the decision making process which constrains the President and ensures the US is less likely to wage interventions. This debate is key—even grassroots movements can meaningfully constrain the government Paskeviciute and Regan, 3 (Patrick M. Regan – professor of Political Science at Binghamton University, Aida Paskeviciute – assistant professor of political science at Bilkent University, May, “Women’s Access to Politics and Peaceful States*”, Journal of Peace Research 40.3, http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/40/3/287.full.pdf)
Introduction A largely …… in?uence within society. Shift to Congress is a key structural check on the patriarchal privilege. These checks curtail the global reach of unaccountable elites in the US Executive. Harrington 92 (Mora – Political Scientist at MIT, “What Exactly is Wrong with the Liberal State as an Agent of Change?” in Gendered States: Feminist (Re)visions of International Relations Theory edited by V. Spike Peterson.)
This is where …..different from themselves.3
The affirmative is not a forced choice—our discourse is meaningful to disrupt the normal masculine conceptions of international relations which spills over to solve broader global issues Peterson and Runyan, 99 (V. Spike – professor of political science at the University of Arizona, Anne – professor of women’s studies at Wright State University, Global Gender Issues, 2nd edition, p. 14-15)
Gender issues surface …….in the world.
Pragmatism’s key in this context. “Root cause” and “cure-alls” won’t check violence—only the Congress can put an end to militarism Bacevich 13 Andrew, Professor of History and International Relations at Boston University and Ph.D. in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University, The New American Militarism, p. 205-210
There is, wrote ……. able to do so.
Lack of a legislative role cedes war-fighting to the executive. This drives secretive policy – including the squo’s non-transparent drone policy.
Bacevich 13 Andrew, professor of history and international relations (Boston University), Ph.D. in American Diplomatic History (Princeton), “Andrew Bacevich, The Eternal War?” The Nation Institute, 5/28, http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175704/
Twelve and a …….. are further destabilized.
Drones can’t be wished-away – they’ll exist in other nations. Even if Congress did little, public light matters. A more-transparent precedent dissuades global use and halts a distinct mechanism for violence versus dissent.
Boyle ‘13 Dr. Michael Boyle has an interdisciplinary background. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Political Science at La Salle University in Philadelphia. He was previously a Lecturer in International Relations and Research Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV) at the University of St. Andrews. He holds a Ph.D. from The University of Cambridge, 2005; an M.P.P. from the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2001; a M.Phil, from the University of Cambridge, 1999 – “The costs and consequences of drone warfare” – International Affairs; 89: 1 (2013) 1–29 – http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf
An important, but ……. on others today.
Drones cause deaths. This ev also proves international experiences are a “starting-point boomerang” shaping oppressive domestic practices.
Graham ‘10 STEPHEN GRAHAM is Professor of Cities and Society at Newcastle University and previously taught at Durham and MIT, among other universities. Cities Under Siege: the New Military Urbanism – p. xiii-xvii
Such fantasies of ………. new military urbanism.
Plan Aniela and I advocate that the President of the United States should not use offensive military force without prior Congressional authorization.
3/28/14
1AC - Intervention, Warfighting, SOP
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan
MSU 1AC – All Teams
Contention 1 —- Intervention
Congress has abdicated war powers, leaving no check on unitary executive war-making
Last week Rep. Jerrold Nadler of New York warned that and#34;if we don’t …of Rep. Nadler, it can happen.
Executive war power structurally ensures groupthink and escalatory interventions
Fleischman 10 – Matthew Fleischman, J.D. Candidate at New York University School of Law, and#34;A Functional Distribution of War Powersand#34;, New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy, 13 N.Y.U. J. Legis. 26 Pub. Pol’y 137, Lexis
While Nzelibe and Yoo’s model is …. functionalists’ concerns and desires.
~and#123;11~} The structure of shared powers … hegemony in foreign affairs.
Terrorist spoofing
Blumrosen 11 – Alfred W. Blumrosen, Professor Emeritus at the Rutgers School of Law and Steven M. Blumrosen, J.D., Quinnipiac University School of Law, and#34;Restoring the Congressional Duty to Declare Warand#34;, Rutgers Law Review, Winter, 63 Rutgers L. Rev. 407, Lexis
Conclusion We have placed a heavy burden on June 1-4, 1787 … civilization is an abomination.
An Increasing Tempo of Operations All of this came just before the United States …tonic for our adolescent body politic.
Requiring prior Congressional authorization for war deters adventurism
Dickerson 9 – Annette Warren Dickerson, Director of Education 26 Outreach for the Center for Constitutional Rights, and#34;Restore. Protect. Expand. Amend the War Powers Resolutionand#34;, Center for Constitutional Rights White Paper, http://ccrjustice.org/files/CCR_White_WarPowers.pdf
Reform the War Powers Resolution The War Powers Resolution has failed… constitutional or international law.
Contention 2 —- Warfighting
Power projection structurally fails because operations are guided by incoherent strategies disconnected from national political will
The president followed no clear historical … at the discretion of one individual.
That crushes unit cohesion, morale, and allied support —- Congressional approval’s key
Frye 2 – Alton Frye, Presidential Senior Fellow Emeritus and Director of the Program on Congress and Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, and#34;Applying the War Powers Resolution to the War on Terrorismand#34;, Testimony Before the Senate Judiciary Committee, 4-17, http://www.cfr.org/terrorism/applying-war-powers-resolution-war-terrorism/p4514
4. CONSENSUS IS ESSENTIAL TO NATIONAL COHESION The case for active, continuing …. the war on terrorism.
Plan boosts credible negotiating power by locking in public and Congressional support prior to conflict
In the wake of the Vietnam War, Congress … gain enormous credibility for his threats.
Effective power projection stops hotspot escalation to nuclear war
Kagan 7 – Frederick Kagan, Resident Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, and Michael O’Hanlon, Senior Fellow and Sydney Stein Jr. Chair in Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, and#34;The Case for Larger Ground Forcesand#34;, Stanley Foundation Report, April, http://stanleyfoundation.org/publications/other/Kagan_OHanlon_07.pdf
We live at a time when wars not only … is also badly overdue.
Executive war power ruins soft power and global alliances
Schiffer 9 – Adam Schiffer, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Texas Christian University, and Carrie Liu Currier, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Texas Christian University, and#34;War Powers, International Alliances, the President, and Congressand#34;, http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/US_Gov_Balance_of_Power_SF.pdf
The president’s advantages over …American foreign policy.
Grounding use of force in constitutionally-based SOP creates a perception of benign hegemony and encourages international cooperation based on rule of law
Ikenberry 1 – G. John, Peter F. Krogh Professor of Global Justice at the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, and#34;Getting Hegemony Right - Analysis of the United States as a and#34;Hyperpowerand#34; Nationand#34;, The National Interest, Spring, Lexis
A critical ingredient in stabilizing international … relative power may be at its peak.
Existential threats are likely —- democratic alliances founded on mutual restraint build capacity to prevent and mitigate their impact
American dominance of the global system will …process of gaining it back.
Contention 3 —- SOP
Unchecked war power sets a precedent that causes the executive to broadly ignore Congressional controls
Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, and#34;The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb — A Constitutional Historyand#34;, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
Thus, as future administrations contemplate … a fundamental revision of our national identity.
U.S. war powers are modeled internationally —- the precedent of unilateral executive authority ruins global human rights norms and encourages preemptive conflict in multiple hotspots
Sloane 8 – Sloane, Associate Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law, 2008 (Robert, Boston University Law Review, April, 88 B.U.L. Rev. 341, Lexis)
There is a great deal more constitutional history … U.S. national security in the twenty-first century.
Collapse of human rights norms causes global WMD conflict
Burke-White 4 – William W., Lecturer in Public and International Affairs and Senior Special Assistant to the Dean at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University and Ph.D. at Cambridge, and#34;Human Rights and National Security: The Strategic Correlationand#34;, The Harvard Human Rights Journal, Spring, 17 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 249, Lexis
This Article presents a strategic—as opposed to … on human rights issues.
Conflict’s likely in Taiwan, Georgia, and India/Pakistan —- U.S. signal’s key
Another implication on sovereignty, due … Chinese values.
Preemption ruins U.S. leverage to deescalate regional crises —- goes nuclear
Steinberg 2 – James B. Steinberg, Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Michael E. O’Hanlon and Susan E. Rice, and#34;The New National Security Strategy and Preemptionand#34;, Brookings Policy Brief Series, December, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2002/12/terrorism-ohanlon
The Dangers of Legitimating Preemption A final concern relates to the …early recourse to preemption.
Requiring formal declaration of war restores Congressional war powers and balances SOP by checking the Executive
Weinberger 9 – Seth Weinberger, Assistant Professor in the Department of Politics and Government at the University of Puget Sound, M.A. and Ph.D. in Political Science from Duke University, and#34;Balancing War Powers in an Age of Terrorand#34;, The Good Society, 18(2), http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/good_society/v018/18.2.weinberger.html
The key to developing a constitutionally, … even in the face of war.
Congress must be the first mover
Hansen 9 – Hansen and Friedman, professors of law at the New England School of Law, 2009 (Victor and Lawrence, The Case for Congress: Separation of Powers and the War on Terror, p.130)
The problem, of course, is that … aggressive president.
Only formal checks signal restraint
Damrosch 97 – Lori Fisler Damrosch, Professor of Law at the Columbia University School of Law, and#34;Use of Force and Constitutionalismand#34;, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 36 Colum. J. Transnat’l L. 449, Lexis
Structural-institutional explanations… restraint may fail to take effect.
Plan –
The United States Federal Government should require Congressional authorization prior to initiating offensive use of military force.
Solvency
Plan’s the perfect balance that checks the Executive but preserves defensive capabilities
Lobel 8 – Jules Lobel, Professor at University of Pittsburgh Law School, and#34;War Powers for the 21st Century: The Constitutional Perspectiveand#34;, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights and Oversight Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S. House of Representatives, 4-10, http://democrats.foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/lob041008.htm
III Revising the War Powers Resolution I believe that it is necessary and possible … limit to his power in this respect.22
Obama will comply
Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, and#34;The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb — A Constitutional Historyand#34;, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
In addition to offering important guidance … war powers development.
Plan overcomes barriers to enforcement
Lobel 9 – Jules Lobel, Professor of Law at the University of Pittsburgh. and#34;Restore. Protect. Expand. Amend the War Powers Resolutionand#34;. Center for Constitutional Rights White Paper, http://ccrjustice.org files CCR_White_WarPowers.pdf
The War Powers Resolution should …. made an impeachable offense.
Even if initial non-compliance occurs, Court enforcement solves
Garcia 12 – Michael John Garcia, Legislative Attorney at the Congressional Research Service, and#34;War Powers Litigation Initiated by Members of Congress Since the Enactment of the War Powers Resolutionand#34;, Congressional Research Service Report, 2-17, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL30352.pdf
The courts have made clear, … constitutionally charged thicket.
3/28/14
1AC - Intervention, Warfighting, SOP
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan
MSU 1AC – All Teams
Contention 1 —- Intervention
Congress has abdicated war powers, leaving no check on unitary executive war-making
Last week Rep. Jerrold Nadler of New York warned that and#34;if we don’t …of Rep. Nadler, it can happen.
Executive war power structurally ensures groupthink and escalatory interventions
Fleischman 10 – Matthew Fleischman, J.D. Candidate at New York University School of Law, and#34;A Functional Distribution of War Powersand#34;, New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy, 13 N.Y.U. J. Legis. 26 Pub. Pol’y 137, Lexis
While Nzelibe and Yoo’s model is …. functionalists’ concerns and desires.
~and#123;11~} The structure of shared powers … hegemony in foreign affairs.
Terrorist spoofing
Blumrosen 11 – Alfred W. Blumrosen, Professor Emeritus at the Rutgers School of Law and Steven M. Blumrosen, J.D., Quinnipiac University School of Law, and#34;Restoring the Congressional Duty to Declare Warand#34;, Rutgers Law Review, Winter, 63 Rutgers L. Rev. 407, Lexis
Conclusion We have placed a heavy burden on June 1-4, 1787 … civilization is an abomination.
An Increasing Tempo of Operations All of this came just before the United States …tonic for our adolescent body politic.
Requiring prior Congressional authorization for war deters adventurism
Dickerson 9 – Annette Warren Dickerson, Director of Education 26 Outreach for the Center for Constitutional Rights, and#34;Restore. Protect. Expand. Amend the War Powers Resolutionand#34;, Center for Constitutional Rights White Paper, http://ccrjustice.org/files/CCR_White_WarPowers.pdf
Reform the War Powers Resolution The War Powers Resolution has failed… constitutional or international law.
Contention 2 —- Warfighting
Power projection structurally fails because operations are guided by incoherent strategies disconnected from national political will
The president followed no clear historical … at the discretion of one individual.
That crushes unit cohesion, morale, and allied support —- Congressional approval’s key
Frye 2 – Alton Frye, Presidential Senior Fellow Emeritus and Director of the Program on Congress and Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, and#34;Applying the War Powers Resolution to the War on Terrorismand#34;, Testimony Before the Senate Judiciary Committee, 4-17, http://www.cfr.org/terrorism/applying-war-powers-resolution-war-terrorism/p4514
4. CONSENSUS IS ESSENTIAL TO NATIONAL COHESION The case for active, continuing …. the war on terrorism.
Plan boosts credible negotiating power by locking in public and Congressional support prior to conflict
In the wake of the Vietnam War, Congress … gain enormous credibility for his threats.
Effective power projection stops hotspot escalation to nuclear war
Kagan 7 – Frederick Kagan, Resident Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, and Michael O’Hanlon, Senior Fellow and Sydney Stein Jr. Chair in Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, and#34;The Case for Larger Ground Forcesand#34;, Stanley Foundation Report, April, http://stanleyfoundation.org/publications/other/Kagan_OHanlon_07.pdf
We live at a time when wars not only … is also badly overdue.
Executive war power ruins soft power and global alliances
Schiffer 9 – Adam Schiffer, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Texas Christian University, and Carrie Liu Currier, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Texas Christian University, and#34;War Powers, International Alliances, the President, and Congressand#34;, http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/US_Gov_Balance_of_Power_SF.pdf
The president’s advantages over …American foreign policy.
Grounding use of force in constitutionally-based SOP creates a perception of benign hegemony and encourages international cooperation based on rule of law
Ikenberry 1 – G. John, Peter F. Krogh Professor of Global Justice at the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, and#34;Getting Hegemony Right - Analysis of the United States as a and#34;Hyperpowerand#34; Nationand#34;, The National Interest, Spring, Lexis
A critical ingredient in stabilizing international … relative power may be at its peak.
Existential threats are likely —- democratic alliances founded on mutual restraint build capacity to prevent and mitigate their impact
American dominance of the global system will …process of gaining it back.
Contention 3 —- SOP
Unchecked war power sets a precedent that causes the executive to broadly ignore Congressional controls
Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, and#34;The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb — A Constitutional Historyand#34;, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
Thus, as future administrations contemplate … a fundamental revision of our national identity.
U.S. war powers are modeled internationally —- the precedent of unilateral executive authority ruins global human rights norms and encourages preemptive conflict in multiple hotspots
Sloane 8 – Sloane, Associate Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law, 2008 (Robert, Boston University Law Review, April, 88 B.U.L. Rev. 341, Lexis)
There is a great deal more constitutional history … U.S. national security in the twenty-first century.
Collapse of human rights norms causes global WMD conflict
Burke-White 4 – William W., Lecturer in Public and International Affairs and Senior Special Assistant to the Dean at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University and Ph.D. at Cambridge, and#34;Human Rights and National Security: The Strategic Correlationand#34;, The Harvard Human Rights Journal, Spring, 17 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 249, Lexis
This Article presents a strategic—as opposed to … on human rights issues.
Conflict’s likely in Taiwan, Georgia, and India/Pakistan —- U.S. signal’s key
Another implication on sovereignty, due … Chinese values.
Preemption ruins U.S. leverage to deescalate regional crises —- goes nuclear
Steinberg 2 – James B. Steinberg, Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Michael E. O’Hanlon and Susan E. Rice, and#34;The New National Security Strategy and Preemptionand#34;, Brookings Policy Brief Series, December, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2002/12/terrorism-ohanlon
The Dangers of Legitimating Preemption A final concern relates to the …early recourse to preemption.
Requiring formal declaration of war restores Congressional war powers and balances SOP by checking the Executive
Weinberger 9 – Seth Weinberger, Assistant Professor in the Department of Politics and Government at the University of Puget Sound, M.A. and Ph.D. in Political Science from Duke University, and#34;Balancing War Powers in an Age of Terrorand#34;, The Good Society, 18(2), http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/good_society/v018/18.2.weinberger.html
The key to developing a constitutionally, … even in the face of war.
Congress must be the first mover
Hansen 9 – Hansen and Friedman, professors of law at the New England School of Law, 2009 (Victor and Lawrence, The Case for Congress: Separation of Powers and the War on Terror, p.130)
The problem, of course, is that … aggressive president.
Only formal checks signal restraint
Damrosch 97 – Lori Fisler Damrosch, Professor of Law at the Columbia University School of Law, and#34;Use of Force and Constitutionalismand#34;, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 36 Colum. J. Transnat’l L. 449, Lexis
Structural-institutional explanations… restraint may fail to take effect.
Plan –
The United States Federal Government should require Congressional authorization prior to initiating offensive use of military force.
Solvency
Plan’s the perfect balance that checks the Executive but preserves defensive capabilities
Lobel 8 – Jules Lobel, Professor at University of Pittsburgh Law School, and#34;War Powers for the 21st Century: The Constitutional Perspectiveand#34;, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights and Oversight Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S. House of Representatives, 4-10, http://democrats.foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/lob041008.htm
III Revising the War Powers Resolution I believe that it is necessary and possible … limit to his power in this respect.22
Obama will comply
Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, and#34;The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb — A Constitutional Historyand#34;, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
In addition to offering important guidance … war powers development.
Plan overcomes barriers to enforcement
Lobel 9 – Jules Lobel, Professor of Law at the University of Pittsburgh. and#34;Restore. Protect. Expand. Amend the War Powers Resolutionand#34;. Center for Constitutional Rights White Paper, http://ccrjustice.org files CCR_White_WarPowers.pdf
The War Powers Resolution should …. made an impeachable offense.
Even if initial non-compliance occurs, Court enforcement solves
Garcia 12 – Michael John Garcia, Legislative Attorney at the Congressional Research Service, and#34;War Powers Litigation Initiated by Members of Congress Since the Enactment of the War Powers Resolutionand#34;, Congressional Research Service Report, 2-17, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL30352.pdf
The courts have made clear, … constitutionally charged thicket.
3/28/14
1AC - Iran version
Tournament: Wake | Round: 8 | Opponent: Cal | Judge: Munday 1AC vs. Cal Contention 1-~--Iran The U.S. relies on threats of force against Iran-~--this blocks successful negotiations Judis 13 – John B. Judis, Senior Editor at the New Republic, “Should the U.S. Continue to Threaten Iran With War?”, New Republic, 6-28, http://www.newrepublic.com/article/113702/should-us-continue-threaten-iran-war#
"President Barack Obama is not bluffing," Vice President Joseph Biden told AIPAC’s annual AND Iran, enough to put to question the continued viability of American policy.” Coercive diplomacy dooms any deal-~--Iran’s fundamentally defensive and prolif’s a response to U.S. threats-~--pressure speeds up nuclearization and empowers hardliners who won’t compromise Pillar 13 – Dr. Paul R. Pillar, Professor and Senior Fellow at the Center for Security Studies at Georgetown University and Nonresident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D. in Politics from Princeton University, MA in Politics from Oxford University, “Threats of Force Don't Always Help”, The National Interest, 9-15, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar/threats-force-dont-always-help-9072
The danger of the commonly accepted conclusion comes from promoting a simple belief that “ AND and understand how such threats may help to kill the prospects for one. Threats have no upside-~--there’s already sufficient leverage to push a deal Thielmann 13 – Greg Thielmann, Senior Fellow of the Arms Control Association and Former Office Director for Strategic, Proliferation, and Military Affairs In the State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research, “Senators' Iran Letter Complicates Solution”, 8-6, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/senators-iran-letter-complicates-solution-8836?page=1
With tough economic sanctions now in place, and a broad political consensus holding among AND to three years and trigger an Iranian decision to openly build nuclear weapons. Iran’s on the verge of break-out that causes arms races and conflict that goes nuclear-~--only diplomacy that abandons threats can solve Akinbiyi 12 – Ani Akinbiyi, MPA from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, et al, Faculty Advisors: Frank Von Hippel, Hossein Mousavian, and R. Scott Kemp, “Preventing a Nuclear-Armed Iran: A Phased Grand Agenda”, January, http://wws.princeton.edu/research/pwreports_fy11/Preventing-a-Nuclear-Armed-Iran.pdf
Overview¶ For over a decade, Iran and the international community have engaged in AND not to result in Iran following a similar path towards a nuclear weapon. Nuclear war’s likely through miscalc, accidents, or theft-~--their defense is old and disproven Kahl 12 – Colin, Associate Professor at Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East and Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, “Iran and the Bomb”, Foreign Affairs, September / October, Ebsco
Kenneth Waltz is probably right that a nuclear-armed Iran could be deterred from AND an unauthorized use -- a risk that currently does not exist at all. Deterrence will fail Edelman 11 – Distinguished Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (Eric S, “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran,” Foreign Affairs, January/February)
Were Saudi Arabia to acquire nuclear weapons, the Middle East would count three nuclear AND would retaliate against the wrong party, potentially triggering a regional nuclear war. Extinction Primakov 9 – September, Yevgeny, President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation; Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences; member of the Editorial Board of Russia in Global Affairs. This article is based on the scientific report for which the author was awarded the Lomonosov Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2008, “The Middle East Problem in the Context of International Relations”
The Middle East conflict is unparalleled in terms of its potential for spreading globally. AND seems that President Obama’s position does not completely rule out such a possibility. Plan tempers coercive diplomacy-~--formal legislative checks stop threats and build international confidence Waxman 13 – Matthew Waxman, Law Professor at Columbia Law School, “The Constitutional Power To Threaten War”, Yale Law Journal, 10-1, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2316777
C. Legal Reform and Strategies of Threatened Force¶ Among legal scholars of war AND reflects strong public support and willingness to bear the costs of war.186 Congressional restrictions send a key signal Ritter 7 – Scott Ritter, Former Marine Intelligence Officer and Chief Weapons Inspector for the United Nations in Iraq from 1991 to 1998, “Stop The Iran War Before It Starts”, The Nation, 12-27, http://www.countercurrents.org/iran-ritter270107.htm
If hearings show no case for war with Iran, then Congress must act to AND the Democrats currently in power, or those seeking power in the future. Walking back threats of force is a CBM that enables negotiated agreements on other issues Schechtman 10-17 – Ken Schechtman, Professor at the Washington University School of Medicine, “Negotiate with Iran before the Window of Opportunity Closes”, St. Louis Beacon, 2013, https://www.stlbeacon.org/#!/content/33244/voices_schechtman_iran_101513?coverpage=4161
Iranians have vivid memories of 1953 and of our sponsorship of the shah. Other AND building measures. Without such steps, today’s partly open window will close. Contention 2-~--Congressional Leadership Iran’s the test case for Congress’ power-~--proactive restriction of war reasserts legislative authority and sends a signal of renewed leadership Ritter 7 – Scott Ritter, Former Marine Intelligence Officer and Chief Weapons Inspector for the United Nations in Iraq from 1991 to 1998, “Calling on Congress to Stop a War”, TruthDig, 12-7, http://www.truthdig.com/report/print/20071207_calling_on_congress_to_stop_a_war
Personally, the NIE (and its roots in the findings of the IAEA inspections AND States to assert its authority and responsibility in a time of great need. This spills over and builds institutional capacity for broader Congressional power -~-- active confrontation of the President’s key Schumer 7 – Charles E. Schumer, JD from Harvard Law School, AB in Politics from Harvard College, Senior United States Senator from New York, Youngest Representative in the History of New York State, “Under Attack: Congressional Power in the Twenty-First Century”, Harvard Law and Policy Review, 1(1), http://web.archive.org/web/20120625034444/http://www.hlpronline.com/Vol1No1/schumer.pdf
Every basic civics text recites that our government is divided into three branches and that AND assertive branch of government. A Congress grown weak and compliant imperils democracy. Plan boosts Congressional experience, knowledge, and involvement in foreign policy Hunter 13 – Robert E. Hunter, Former U.S. ambassador to NATO, Director of Middle East Affairs on the National Security Council Staff in the Carter Administration and Director of Transatlantic Security Studies at the National Defense University, “Restoring Congress’ Role In Making War”, Iran Review, 9-1, http://www.iranreview.org/content/Documents/Restoring-Congress-Role-In-Making-War.htm
But seeking authorization for the use of force from Congress as opposed to conducting consultations AND , also involve risks to the lives of America’s fighting men and women. Iran’s critical to this process O'Hanlon 13 – Michael O'Hanlon, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution and Marvin Kalb, James Clark Welling Presidential Fellow at The George Washington University and Edward R. Murrow Professor Emeritus at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, “An Opportunity For Congress On The Road To War With Iran”, Iran @ Saban, 7-3, http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/iran-at-saban/posts/2013/07/02-iran-war-congress-ohanlon-kalb
Editor's Note: Our Brookings colleagues Marvin Kalb and Michael O'Hanlon published an oped AND American foreign policy. It was never intended to be a presidential monopoly. Congressional leadership’s key to foreign policy coherence-~--solves multiple scenarios for extinction Hamilton 2 – Lee H., President and Director of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Vice Chairman of the 9/11 Commission, President's Homeland Security Advisory Council, Former Member of the United States House of Representatives for 34 Years, Co-Chair of the Iraq Study Group, Formerly Special Assistant to the Director at the Woodrow Wilson Center, A Creative Tension: The Foreign Policy Roles of the President and Congress, p. 3-7
We face many dangers, however. The diversity of the security and economic threats AND such a foreign policy to advance our interests and values around the globe. Congressional power’s key to check unitary treaty power-~--it’s tied to war power Healy 00 – Gene Healy, Vice President at the Cato Institute and JD from University of Chicago Law School, “Arrogance of Power Reborn: The Imperial Presidency and Foreign Policy in the Clinton Years”, Cato Policy Analysis No. 389, 12-13, http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/arrogance-power-reborn-imperial-presidency-foreign-policy-clinton-years
As William Jefferson Clinton came to power in January 1993, there was some reason AND branch that comports with republican principles of government and the original constitutional design. Treaty power’s unchecked now-~--restrictions on war power stop Executive interpretation and withdrawal Telman 7 – Jeremy Telman, Assistant Professor at Valparaiso University Law School, Ph.D. from Cornell University and J.D. from New York University School of Law, “Does the Constitution Matter?: A Review of Peter Irons, War Powers: How the Imperial Presidency Hijacked the Constitution”, Temple Law Review, Spring, 80 Temp. L. Rev. 245, Lexis
A. Interactions of War Powers and the Treaty Power¶ Yoo repeatedly states that AND n225 Four Justices rejected that position, and one Justice remained silent. n226 Executive interpretation unravels the treaty system Weiss 11 – Joshua Weiss, JD from George Washington University Law School, “Defining Executive Deference in Treaty Interpretation Cases”, George Washington Law Review, 79(5), July, http://groups.law.gwu.edu/lr/ArticlePDF/79-5-Weiss.pdf
B. Total-Deference Proposals¶ Total deference, by contrast, would grant AND A suitable treaty interpretation framework must maintain a role for courts to play. Threat alone ruins negotiating cred-~--only Congressional action creates an international perception of reliability De Groot 9 – Daniel De Groot, Reporter at Open Left, “Congress Needs to Assert Itself on Treaty Abrogation and Withdrawal”, Open Left, 11-29, http://www.openleft.com/diary/16236/congress-needs-to-assert-itself-on-treaty-abrogation-and-withdrawal
There was a bit of good news this week, in that the Obama administration AND imperatives of events and contemporary imponderables rather than on abstract theories of law. The entire international legal architecture will become ineffective Koplow 13 – David A. Koplow, Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Applied Legal Studies at Georgetown University Law Center, “Indisputable Violations: What Happens When the United States Unambiguously Breaches a Treaty?”, The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 37(1), Winter, http://www.fletcherforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Koplow_37-1.pdf
However, there is a cost when the world’s strongest state behaves this way. AND is still terrible for U.S. interests to disregard those mechanisms. Extinction Moss 10 – Lawrence C. Moss, JD from Stanford Law and Special Counsel for U.N. Reform at Human Rights Watch, “Renewing America’s Commitment To International Law”, UNA-USA Occassional Paper, March, http://www.academia.edu/2593461/Renewing_Americas_Commitment_to_International_Law
The US is party to literally thousands of treaties and binding international agreements that provide AND international lawyers, but it is a vital part of securing American interests.
Contention 3-- Solvency Obama will comply Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
In addition to offering important guidance concerning the congressional role, our historical review also AND the executive branch itself for most of our history of war powers development. Especially on Iran PressTV 13 – “Washington Prefers a Diplomatic Solution to Disputes with Iran: Obama”, 9-24, http://www.presstv.com/detail/2013/09/24/325786/washington-prefers-diplomacy-with-iran/
US President Barack Obama says Washington prefers a diplomatic solution to its disputes with Iran AND Iran, saying that he firmly believes the diplomatic path must be tested. Institutional checks effectively limit war, are compatible with broader critique and are a pre-requisite to the alt Grynaviski 13 – Eric Grynaviski, Professor of Political Science at The George Washington University, “The Bloodstained Spear: Public Reason and Declarations of War”, International Theory, 5(2), Cambridge Journals
Conclusion¶ The burden of the argument, thus far, has been to show AND diplomacy does not loom large as a central component of just war reasoning. Simulated national security law debates preserve agency and enhance decision-making-~--avoids cooption Donohue 13 – Laura K. Donohue 13, Associate Professor of Law, Georgetown Law, 4/11, “National Security Law Pedagogy and the Role of Simulations”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/National-Security-Law-Pedagogy-and-the-Role-of-Simulations.pdf
The concept of simulations as an aspect of higher education, or in the law AND undoubtedly necessary, it suggests one potential direction for the years to come. Iran’s a rallying point for broader Congressional authority Brecher 6 – Jeremy Brecher, Historian, Founder of the Labor Network for Sustainability, Winner of Five Regional Emmy Awards, and Brendan Smith, Co-Founder of Global Labor Strategies, Co-Director of the UCLA Law School's Globalization and Labor Standards Project, and Consulting Partner with the Progressive Technology Project, “Attack Iran, Destroy the US Constitution”, Asia Times, 4-26, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HD26Ak01.html
Congressional response ¶ DeFazio is now preparing and seeking support from other House members for AND military operations in Iran demonstrates the urgency of placing limits on executive power.
The United States Federal Government should require Congressional authorization prior to the use of offensive military force against the Islamic Republic of Iran.
3/28/14
1AC - Round 2 Wake
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Michigan BJ | Judge: Slattery UN Adv Warfighting Adv
The United States Federal Government should require Congressional authorization prior to initiating offensive use of armed forces, unless to repel attacks on the United States.
11/16/13
1AC - Texas Round 6
Tournament: Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cal SW | Judge: Woodruff 1AC Contention 1---United Nations Executive authority over use of force causes huge blowback against the UN Stromseth 95 – Jane E. Stromseth, Associate Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “Collective Force and Constitutional Responsibility: War Powers in the Post-Cold War Era”, University of Miami, October, 50 U. Miami L. Rev. 145, Lexis
IV. Conclusion If Somalia AND to maintain a posture of constructive international engagement in the challenging times ahead. Plan locks in prior authorization for U.S. participation in UN operations---builds support and solves funding and management shortfalls that deck UN effectiveness McGuinness 9 – Margaret E. McGuinness, Associate Professor at the University of Missouri Law School, “The President, Congress and The Security Council: Counterterrorism And The Use Of Force Through The Internationalist Lens”, Willamette Law Review, 45 Willamette L. Rev. 417, Spring, Lexis
A. The Value of More Explicit Ex Ante Congressional Involvement in U.S./U.N. Counterterrorism Measures AND lead to congressionally imposed reversals that may prove more costly to the President. Now’s key to lock in UN effectiveness---ensures foreign policy legitimacy Hirsch 9-24 – Michael Hirsh, Chief Correspondent for National Journal and Former Senior Editor and National Economics Correspondent for Newsweek, “Why the United Nations Is Suddenly Relevant”, National Journal, 2013, http://www.defenseone.com/politics/2013/09/why-united-nations-suddenly-relevant/70738/?oref=d-skybox
That's especially the view in Washington, which more often than not sees the big AND So all eyes are on New York. Let the diplomacy begin. Extinction Thakur 12 – Ramesh Thakur, Professor of International Relations and Foundation Director of the Centre for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament at the Australian National University, “The United Nations in Global Governance: Rebalancing Organized Multilateralism for Current and Future Challenges”, http://www.un.org/en/ga/president/65/initiatives/GlobalGovernance/Thakur_GA_Thematic_Debate_on_UN_in_GG.pdf
The world is interdependent in areas as diverse as financial markets, infectious diseases, AND harmonizing the ever?present national interests and forging the elusive international interest. Strong Congressional role spills up to the UN---creates transparency and legitimacy vital for effective counterterrorism McGuinness 9 – Margaret E. McGuinness, Associate Professor at the University of Missouri Law School, “The President, Congress and The Security Council: Counterterrorism And The Use Of Force Through The Internationalist Lens”, Willamette Law Review, 45 Willamette L. Rev. 417, Spring, Lexis
This symposium is focused on the powers of the U.S. presidency, AND the use of force is essential to solidifying those norms as international law. UN CT legitimacy stops AQIM---threat’s escalating and destabilizes North Africa Cockayne 10 – James Cockayne, Senior Fellow and Director of the New York Office of the Center on Global Terrror, et al., “Implementing the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy in North Africa”, September, http://www.globalct.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/North_Africa_Report_Final.pdf
It is the volatility and denationalized nature of this approach that leads counterterrorism experts, AND and civil society in developing plans for implementing that framework across the subregion. AQIM’s on the cusp of launching large scale attacks that shatter regional stability Resnick 13 – Laura Resnick, Research Assistant at University of Pennsylvania, “The Threat We Can’t Ignore”, 1-24, http://redandblue.thedp.com/2013/01/the-threat-we-cant-ignore/
While some argue that the North African threat is overrated because AQIM largely seeks to AND reflect the fact that North Africa may be home to our next enemies. Goes global---draws in Russia and China---and AQIM alone causes Sixth Fleet kickout Alexander 9 – Yonah, Professor at the Inter-University Center for Terrorism Studies and Senior Fellow and Director of the International Center at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, et al., “Why The Maghreb Matters: Threats, Opportunities, and Options for Effective American Engagement in North Africa”, Potomac Institute Special Report, March, http://www.potomacinstitute.org/images/studies/NorthAfricaPolicyPaper033109.pdf
THE CONCERN North Africa (the Maghreb) is a strategically important region for the United States AND among their populations. Sixth Fleet stops Mediterranean gas conflict --- quickly escalates Luft 10 – Gal, Executive Director at the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, “Is a Mideast War Brewing over Natural Gas Find?”, The Cutting Edge, 7-19, http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=12392
Many people have been asking me to update them regarding current events on several issues AND Islamic in spite of posturing as a secular state, this could change.
Contention Two is Congressional Leadership Plan boosts Congressional power: First: muscle. Boldly rejecting unitary use of force restores credibility Bacevich 7 – Andrew, Professor of History and International Relations at Boston University and Ph.D. in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University, “Rescinding the Bush Doctrine”, Boston Globe, 3-1, http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2007/03/01/rescinding_the_bush_doctrine/
RATHER THAN vainly ………… the American people. This spills over and builds institutional capacity for broader Congressional power --- active confrontation’s key Schumer 7 – Charles E. Schumer, JD from Harvard Law School, AB in Politics from Harvard College, Senior United States Senator from New York, Youngest Representative in the History of New York State, “Under Attack: Congressional Power in the Twenty-First Century”, Harvard Law and Policy Review, 1(1), http://web.archive.org/web/20120625034444/http://www.hlpronline.com/Vol1No1/schumer.pdf
Every basic civics ………….. compliant imperils democracy. Second: experience and learning. Mandatory authorization increases Congressional engagement of foreign policy Hunter 13 – Robert E. Hunter, Former U.S. Ambassador to NATO, Director of Middle East Affairs on the National Security Council Staff in the Carter Administration and Director of Transatlantic Security Studies at the National Defense University, “Restoring Congress’ Role in Making War”, Iran Review, 9-1, http://www.iranreview.org/content/documents/restoring-congress-role-in-making-war.htm
But seeking authorization for the use of force from Congress as opposed to conducting consultations ………………..men and women.
Congressional confrontation of Obama is vital to solve maritime disputes—especially in the East and South China Seas Ben Dolven et al. Specialist in Asian Affairs and Senior Director at BrooksBowerAsia Shirley A. Kan Specialist in Asian Security Affairs Mark E. Manyin Specialist in Asian Affairs January 30, 2013 “Maritime Territorial Disputes in East Asia: Issues for Congress” Congressional Research Service http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42930.pdf
Overview Rising tensions over overlapping maritime territorial claims in East Asia have become a pressing challenge …………. are substantially affected by the growing tensions and increasingly frequent incidents at sea.
China/Vietnam conflict escalates to global nuclear war Lieven, 12 (Anatol Lieven is a professor in the War Studies Department of King’s College London and a senior fellow of the New America Foundation in Washington, June 12, “Avoiding a U.S.-China War”, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/ avoiding-a-us-china-war.html?_r=0)
In these disputes, Chinese nationalism collides with other nationalisms — particularly that of Vietnam AND — for example in Washington’s neglect of the crumbling states of Central America.
One of the most dangerous international disputes that the United States could get dragged into AND , China believes that the United States has chosen sides in the quarrel.
Events in the East China Sea since 2009 have thrust to the forefront the following AND , despite the economic costs.
The UN is the key test case for Congressional power Stromseth 93 – Jane E. Stromseth, Associate Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “Rethinking War Powers: Congress, the President, and the United Nations”, Georgetown Law Journal, March, 81 Geo. L.J. 597, Lexis
A. THE POLICE POWER MODEL The police power model of war powers does not adequately take into account the varying AND see any political, let alone constitutional, basis for such a vision. The United States Federal Government should require legislative approval prior to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities as part of United Nations operations. Plan’s the perfect balance that checks the Executive but preserves defensive capabilities Lobel 8 – Jules Lobel, Professor at University of Pittsburgh Law School, “War Powers for the 21st Century: The Constitutional Perspective”, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights and Oversight Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S. House of Representatives, 4-10, http://democrats.foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/lob041008.htm
III Revising the War Powers Resolution …………. in this respect.22 Obama will comply Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
In addition to offering important guidance concerning the congressional role, our historical review also ………………… the executive branch itself for most of our history of war powers development. Requiring prior Congressional authorization for war deters adventurism Bacevich 13 – Andrew, Professor of History and International Relations at Boston University and Ph.D. in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University, The New American Militarism, p. 205-210
There is, wrote H. L. Mencken, “always a well- AND point, citizens should replace them by electing people able to do so. The process makes conflict less likely, regardless of Congress’ response Grynaviski 13 – Eric Grynaviski, Professor of Political Science at The George Washington University, “The Bloodstained Spear: Public Reason and Declarations of War”, International Theory, 5(2), Cambridge Journals
Conclusion The burden …………….. just war reasoning. Flexibility DA’s a lie Streichler 8 – Stuart Streichler, Adjunct Faculty at Seattle University School of Law. Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins University; J.D. at the University of Michigan Law School; B.S. at Bowling Green State University, “Mad about Yoo, or Why Worry about the Next Unconstitutional War”, The Journal of Law and Politics, Winter, 24 J. L. and Politics 93, Lexis
When Yoo discusses the need for flexibility in the process for warmaking, he creates AND lawmakers to engage in serious deliberations on vital questions of national security. n247
2/9/14
1AC Executive Precedents Advantage - NDT Round 1
Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Fitz, Donlan, Woodruff
Contention One is: Executive Precedents
Unchecked war power sets a precedent now.
Barron ’8 David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, "The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb — A Constitutional History", Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis Thus, as future administrations contemplate the extent of their own discretion at the " AND a workable alternative, such forgetting will be far less likely to occur.
The precedent spills-beyond war power. Means executives are unchecked on many issues.
Barron ’8 David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, "The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb — A Constitutional History", Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis Moreover, this historical account performs at least one function beyond supplying information relevant to AND for a change that risks such a fundamental revision of our national identity.
It gets modeled worldwide. Debates about the precedent check preventive wars and other abuses of executive authority.
Sloane ’8 (Robert Sloane, Associate Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law, 2008 Boston University Law Review, April, 88 B.U.L. Rev. 341, Lexis) There is a great deal more constitutional history that arguably bears on the scope of AND to U.S. national security in the twenty-first century.
Legislative restraints means fewer Executives starting fewer conflicts worldwide. For executive authority, teaching the heuristic of work within institutions is a pre-req.
Grynaviski ’13 Eric Grynaviski, Professor of Political Science at The George Washington University, "The Bloodstained Spear: Public Reason and Declarations of War", International Theory, 5(2), Cambridge Journals
Conclusion The burden of the argument, thus far, has been to show that AND well as more recent issues such as the targeted killing of political leaders.
Pragmatism’s key in this context. "Root cause" and "cure-alls" won’t check violence.
Bacevich ’13 Andrew, Professor of History and International Relations at Boston University and Ph.D. in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University, The New American Militarism, p. 205-210
There is, wrote H. L. Mencken, "always a well- AND point, citizens should replace them by electing people able to do so.
Legislative checks solve both advantages. Without them, executive-induced casualties will persist.
Zelizer ’11 Julian E. Zelizer, Professor of History and Public Affairs at Princeton University, "War Powers Belong to Congress and the President", CNN Opinion, 6-27, http://www.cnn.com/2011/OPINION/06/27/zelizer.war.powers/index.html But the failure of Congress to fully participate in the initial decision to use military AND declare war forces voters to think about the decision sooner rather than later.
Preventive war standard causes large death tolls globally.
Williams ’12 Ryan – Assistant Professor, Western State University College of Law – "DANGEROUS PRECEDENT: AMERICA’S ILLEGAL WAR IN AFGHANISTAN" – University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2012 – https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/145-williams33upajintll5632011pdf
THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF FIGHTING THIS ILLEGAL WAR America should be concerned about setting a AND . The negative consequences of establishing such a precedent should not be underestimated.
3/28/14
1AC Heuristic - NDT Round 1
Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Fitz, Donlan, Woodruff
Contention 3: Our Heuristic
Our heuristic means we learn about the State without being it. It won’t inculcate dominant norms or invert the error. Our framework teaches contingent, but engaged, middle grounds. No State pessimism bias or optimism bias for extreme Alts.
Zanotti ’14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. AND originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.
By questioning substantialist representations of power and subjects, inquiries on the possibilities of political AND position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84
We’re "State-as-heuristic", not "State-as-descriptor". That distinction matters for Framework and Links. If "fiat’s fake", heuristics still mean we’ll learn contingent toolkit items AND avoid pitfalls of foundational "descriptor" frameworks. Those reify and over-value idealism.
Zanotti ’14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. AND originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database. While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory, AND where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations.13
The ballot’s role should include but not be limited to State theorization. Even if Plan’s never passes, our framework advances a broader heuristic imperative. This teaches a State-inclusive civic engagement that spills to many issues.
Liu ’12 Et al – Eric Liu is the founder of Citizen University. He served as AND civic_learning/crucible/documents/crucible_508f.pdf?
A Crucible Moment AND never enroll in college.
The heuristic’s impact is enormous. It includes this room, but extends beyond it.
Liu ’12 Et al – Eric Liu is the founder of Citizen University. He served as AND civic_learning/crucible/documents/crucible_508f.pdf?
We therefore invite all stakeholders in America’s future to join together to become civic agents AND action, particularly to address gaps identified through your use of the matrix.
And, if the debate winds-up a "tie", presumption should shift in favor of change – best avoids nihilism.
Aff is a contingent reform – not all liberal reformism. Means we solve and win on particularity
McCormick ’99 (John P., Assistant Political Science Pf - Yale, American Political Science Review. v93, p. 413/17)
For Habermas, the de facto strategy of reducing all cases to "exceptions" AND , which is therefore suspendable in the name of a sovereign popular will.
This is consistent with our heuristic – we leave open the option of specific reforms without committing to reformism in all instances
D’Amato ’6 Paul D’Amato is managing editor of the International Socialist Review and author of The Meaning of Marxism, The Meaning of Marxism – p. 103
It is important to remember, however, that rejecting reformism is not the same AND conditions. The possibility of another world looms more closely on the horizon.
The question shouldn’t be yes/no eurocentrism, the affirmative is a challenge to western domination
BARTLING ’1 REVIEW OF THEIR BOOK — Ronaldo Munck and Denis O’Hearn (eds), Critical Development Theory: Contributions to a New Paradigm. London: Zed Books, 1999. xx + 217pp. £39.59/$55.00 – Hugh Bartling; University of Central Florida – HUGH BARTLING teaches political science at the University of Central Florida – Progress in Development Studies – January 2001 vol. 1 no. 1 77-79 – Sage Database. Please Note: "Tucker" – internally referenced – is the late Irish academic and sociologist Vincent Tucker.
Skeptical of some postmodern attempts to debase structural analyses of development, many of the AND a more benign understanding of development simply for its historic association with Eurocentrism.
He is sympathetic with the critique, leveled by Munck in the final chapter, AND it as a cosmology to subvert global relationships of cultural and economic hegemony.
3/28/14
1AC Japan Advantage - NDT Round 1
Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Fitz, Donlan, Woodruff
Contention 2—-Japan
Japan models Congressional war powers—-plan stops Article 9 revision
Shibata 3 – Byron Shibata Assistant Professor, Law Faculty, Ritsumeikan University 2003 "The Spirit of Civilian Control Over the Military: Lessons from the United States Constitution" Ritsumeikan Law Review http://www.ritsumei.ac. jp/acd cg/law/lex/rlr19/shibata.pdf
I?Introduction Since the Persian Gulf War in 1991, the world community, especially the United AND States, and a route that led to military tyranny their ultimate destruction.
The world is watching Japan’s reaction to North Korea’s nuclear test for signs that it AND without it, Japanese security would be threatened and defense outlays would skyrocket.
US/Japan relations are key to fusion energy development
Milora 2K – Stanley L. Milora (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, CCFE, 00 (Coordinating Committee on Fusion Energy, June 22, "A Joint Report on the Progress of U.S.-Japan Fusion Cooperation Program", http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:UtCr5jgcXRMJ:peaches. ph.utexas.edu/ifs/jift/JIFT_JOINT_RPT.pdf+andcd=1andhl=enandct=clnkandgl=us)
INTRODUCTION One of the initiatives developed at the 1978 Carter-Fukuda Summit was bilateral fusion AND of the common long-term goal of achieving practical fusion energy effectively . FRAMEWORK The first Japan-U.S. fusion cooperative activity began with the Exchange AND annual program of work and prepare the delegation for each annual CCFE meeting. Individual parts of the bilateral program are overseen directly by Steering Committees, for projects AND sub-area. This framework has evolved as the program has matured. DESCRIPTION OF BILATERAL PROGRAM In November 1979, the annual Program of Cooperation began with 26 exchanges of technical AND the past 20 years have enhanced joint work for productive and successful collaborations. The three basic parts of the Japan-U.S. Fusion Cooperation Program AND in research, design, planning and experimental activities, and joint projects. The comprehensive bilateral program covers six project or program areas, e.g., AND at JAERI, and the Large Helical Device (LHD) at NIFS. The following U.S. facilities are currently used in collaborative projects with Japan: DIII-D experimentat GA, High Flux Irradiation Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL)in Idaho, Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). ACHIEVEMENTS The collaborative activities have increased the effectiveness of current expenditures through joint planning of specific programs, have encouraged the pooling of resources to develop and explore new ideas, have promoted communication between scientists and administrators in both countries, and eventually have contributed to the reinforcement of scientific and technological basis for the realization of fusion energy. In the physics area, the bilateral cooperation upgraded the Doublet-III facility increasing AND these fields between the US and Japan should be maintained in the future. In the technology area, joint collaborations on projects in the materials irradiation area include AND collaborative work continues under the IEA Fusion Nuclear Technology (FNT)Agreement. The upgraded DOE-JAERI Data Link has enhanced and enabled a more effective data AND efficient use of remote research collaboration greatly minimizes the travel time and expenses. Achieving a high degree of technical collaboration on an equitable basis reflects the genuine commitment of both countries to the program’s success. As a result of improved communications and the experience of the years of cooperation, program leaders from both Parties have built up a firm basis for discussing more advanced future collaborative activities required to resolve the remaining key issues in fusion energy science and technology. MULTILATERAL ACTIVITIES The positive technical experience from the U.S.-Japan Bilateral Program has also AND Program, was folded into the multilateral activity for increased economy of effort. Further, the U.S., Japan, European Community (now the European Union), and the USSR (now the Russian Federation) conducted The Engineering Design Activities for The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) since 1992. Although the U.S. is no longer a participant, the U.S. and Japan recognize the potential value of the ITER project in developing the scientific basis to promote fusion as a viable energy source. FUTURE COLLABORATION For the future, it is crucial to continue frank discussions for the resolution of the remaining key issues infusion energy science and technology based on the mutual understanding fostered through 20 years’ of collaborative activities, and enhance the collaboration accordingly between the U.S. and Japan.
Fusion eats fission waste and stops storage
UT’9 (This is a Multi-Disciplinary release from the University of Texas – it internally quotes Physics Professors, Mechanical Engineers, and Fusion Experts. "Nuclear Fusion-Fission Hybrid Could Destroy Nuclear Waste and Contribute to Carbon-Free Energy Future", 1-27, This article also appears in This article also appears in Science Daily on Jan 29th – both web addresses are included: http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/;http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127131654.htm)
"We have created a way to use fusion to relatively inexpensively destroy the waste AND product of fusion—neutrons—can be achieved in the near term.
Waste kills
Ross ’11 Sherwood Ross is a Miami-based consultant and columnist. He has reported for the Chicago Daily News, regularly writes for Reuters, and has worked as a columnist for wire services. Global Research, November 10, 2011 – http://www.globalresearch.ca/fukushima-japan-s-second-nuclear-disaster/?print=1 The thousands of tons of solid radioactive waste accumulating in the cooling pools next to AND a result of our nuclear plants, a story not being effectively told.
Waste can’t be wished away—-devolving to an individualized framework is abdication
Cairns ’6 (David Cairns is Parliamentary Under-Secretary, Scotland Office; for Inverclyde. Inverclyde is one of 32 council areas used for government in Scotland. He is a former Parliamentary Official – Article title: "Nuclear Waste (Scotland)" – HC Deb, 19 June 2006, c1167 – available at: http://www.theyworkforyou.com/debate/?id=2006-06-19b.1167.0)
The First Minister is showing leadership in tackling the issue and not running away from AND a duty to deal with that issue in order to protect future generations".
Fusion’s a unique challenge to technocratic control of energy
Fusion doesn’t melt down. TDKR confuses fission and fusion. Fission (FIZZ) AND energy with nuclear weapons means:¶ Nuclear Energy Loses.¶ Nuclear Weapons WIN.¶
Tech is fluid and variable —- specific context is prior to totalizing pessimism
A totalizing view of technology is evident in the work of Virilio, as it AND insight and rich description, from which strategies for action may be devised.
3/28/14
1AC Plan - NDT round 1
Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Georgia AM | Judge: Fitz, Donlan, Woodruff The Executive Branch of the United States should not use offensive military force without prior legislative authorization.
3/28/14
1ac - preempts to things
Tournament: Districts | Round: 1 | Opponent: augustana | Judge: meloche, stevenson, hennigan The plan balances restraint and defense Lobel 8 – Jules Lobel, Professor at University of Pittsburgh Law School, “War Powers for the 21st Century: The Constitutional Perspective”, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights and Oversight Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S. House of Representatives, 4-10, http://democrats.foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/lob041008.htm
III Revising the War Powers Resolution I believe that it is necessary and possible to AND if you can fix any limit to his power in this respect.22 Obama will comply Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
In addition to offering important guidance concerning the congressional role, our historical review also AND the executive branch itself for most of our history of war powers development. Increases political costs and solves signal regardless Wilkinson 12 – Will Wilkinson, Research Fellow at the Cato Institute, M.A. in Philosophy from the Northern Illinois University, Academic Coordinator of the Social Change Project and the Global Prosperity Initiative at The Mercatus Center at George Mason University, “Rebridling the Executive”, Economist, 4-17, http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2012/04/democracy-and-war
I think this is good, sound sense. Fabio Rojas, a professor of AND . That's how democracies restrain, isn't it? How is that useless? Court enforcement solves Garcia 12 – Michael John Garcia, Legislative Attorney at the Congressional Research Service, “War Powers Litigation Initiated by Members of Congress Since the Enactment of the War Powers Resolution”, Congressional Research Service Report, 2-17, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL30352.pdf
The courts have made clear, however, that while f+ormidable, none AND unlikely that the courts will venture into this politically and constitutionally charged thicket.
Requiring prior Congressional authorization for war deters adventurism Bacevich 13 – Andrew, Professor of History and International Relations at Boston University and Ph.D. in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University, The New American Militarism, p. 205-210
There is, wrote H. L. Mencken, “always a well- AND point, citizens should replace them by electing people able to do so. The process makes conflict less likely, regardless of Congress’ response Grynaviski 13 – Eric Grynaviski, Professor of Political Science at The George Washington University, “The Bloodstained Spear: Public Reason and Declarations of War”, International Theory, 5(2), Cambridge Journals
Conclusion The burden of the argument, thus far, has been to show that AND diplomacy does not loom large as a central component of just war reasoning. ( ) We don’t have to justify THE Law – just OUR rule.
McCormick '99 (John P., Assistant Political Science Pf - Yale, American Political Science Review. v93, p. 413/17)
For Habermas, the de facto strategy of reducing all cases to "exceptions" AND , which is therefore suspendable in the name of a sovereign popular will.
( ) Sweeping law K doesn’t apply to our Aff – it succeeds when we create norms that restrict the commander-in-chief.
Heins ‘5 (Visiting Professor of Political Science, Concordia University , Montreal, an d Senior Fellow at the Inst i- t u t e f o r Social Res e arch , Frankfurt , Germany. 6 German Law Journal No. 5, May, http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=598)
According to this basic Principle of Distinction, modern humanitarian action is directed towards those AND and who do not wage war in a lawless state of nature. 35
Extreme frameworks say we “do nothing”. But non-concrete activism is WORSE THAN NOTHING. No Framework QUESTION can veer this round from the NEXUS QUESTION OF CONCRETE ALTS. Without those, we’re less effective activists. This assumes waste. Bryant ‘12 (EDITED FOR GENDERED LANGUAGE – the author said “she” and it was replaced with the word “to” – Levi Bryant is currently a Professor of Philosophy at Collin College. In addition to working as a professor, Bryant has also served as a Lacanian psychoanalyst. He received his Ph.D. from Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois, where he originally studied 'disclosedness' with the Heidegger scholar Thomas Sheehan. Bryant later changed his dissertation topic to the transcendental empiricism of Gilles Deleuze, “Critique of the Academic Left”, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/)
I must be in a mood today– half irritated, half amused –because AND . Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that.
Even if “fiat’s not real”, and Affs don’t control levers of power today, we advance a heuristic. Without this heuristic of fiat, we’ll re-enforce dangerous nihilism.
Hoff ‘6 (et al, Dr. Dianne Hoff, professor in the College of Education and Human Development and president of Faculty Senate, University of Maine, Journal of Educational Administration, 44:3 – available via Emerald Management 120 database).
There is no question that helping educational leadership students become self-analytical and reflect AND . This is an arena from which a new social order can emerge. Particularity Thesis. Sweeping claims don’t undercut the Aff. We can advance contingent and particular knowledge without “Big T” Truths.
Small ‘6 (Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, “Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp) What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip AND engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context.
And, if the debate winds-up a “tie”, presumption should shift in favor of change – best avoids nihilism.
Serial Policy Failure wrong and Policy Nihilism Bad.
Tallis ‘97 Raymond Tallis, Professor of Geriatric Medicine at the University of Manchester – Enemies of Hope: A Critique of Contemporary Pessimism, Published by Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0312173261, p. 407-409
If we deny or rubbish the progress that mankind has already made, and at AND poverty of spirit and meanness of mind will not have the last word. ( ) “Epistemology or Ontology 1st” wrong and links to anti-politics
Jarvis 2K Jarvis, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, University of Sydney, 2k (Darryl, International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, p. 128-129)
More is the pity that such irrational and obviously abstruse debate should so occupy us AND than those foolish enough to be scholastically excited by abstract and recondite debate.
High bar for contextualization
Hantrais ‘99 LINDA HANTRAIS is Professor of European Social Policy in the Department of Politics at Loughborough University. She has been Visiting Fellow at the Centre for International Studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science. International Journal of Social Research Methodology Date: April 1, 1999 – available via EBSCO database
Contextualization is central to all three of these approaches. In the first case, AND about causality are drawn because the wrong level of inference is being used.
2/22/14
1ac- Congressional Meddling -Advantage
Tournament: Districts | Round: 1 | Opponent: augustana | Judge: meloche, stevenson, hennigan Contention 1-~-- China Restoring war power stops Congressional meddling in diplomacy-~--it’s growing over the East China Sea Carpenter 13 – Ted Galen Carpenter, Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute and Contributing Editor to The National Interest, “Congress' Worst-of-Both-Worlds Approach to Foreign Policy”, National Interest, 11-13, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/congress-worst-both-worlds-approach-foreign-policy-9394
The role of Congress in the conduct of foreign policy has become nearly the opposite AND meddle in situations where the Constitution wisely gave the executive branch primary responsibility. Congressional interference in day-to-day foreign policy torpedoes US/China cooperation-~--risks military escalation over the Senkakus Carpenter 13 – Ted Galen Carpenter, Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute and Contributing Editor to The National Interest, “Dangerous Congressional Meddling in the South China Sea”, China US Focus, 8-12, http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/dangerous-congressional-meddling-in-the-south-china-sea/
There is a strong argument for a vigorous congressional role in the conduct of U AND field, and the Senate’s action has increased the likelihood of a detonation. Interjection in the conflict chain-gangs the U.S. into conflict-~--nuclear war Eland 12-10 – Ivan Eland, Senior Fellow and Director of the Center on Peace and Liberty, The Independent Institute, “Stay Out of Petty Island Disputes in East Asia”, Huffington Post, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ivan-eland/stay-out-of-petty-island-_b_4414811.html
One of the most dangerous international disputes that the United States could get dragged into AND , China believes that the United States has chosen sides in the quarrel. Interdependence doesn’t check Ankit Panda 12/12/13 Associate Editor of The Diplomat and not an actual panda “Rationalist Explanations for War in the East China Sea” The Diplomat http://thediplomat.com/2013/12/rationalist-explanations-for-war-in-the-east-china-sea/
Events in the East China Sea since 2009 have thrust to the forefront the following AND War in the East China Sea is possible, despite the economic costs.
2/22/14
1ac- SOP- Russia Version- Advantage
Tournament: Districts | Round: 1 | Opponent: augustana | Judge: meloche, stevenson, hennigan Contention 2 -~-- SOP Unchecked war power sets a precedent that causes the executive to broadly ignore Congressional controls Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
Thus, as future administrations contemplate the extent of their own discretion at the " AND for a change that risks such a fundamental revision of our national identity. U.S. war powers are modeled internationally -~-- precedent of executive authority encourages preemptive conflict in Russia Sloane 8 – Sloane, Associate Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law, 2008 (Robert, Boston University Law Review, April, 88 B.U.L. Rev. 341, Lexis)
There is a great deal more constitutional history that arguably bears on the scope of AND to U.S. national security in the twenty-first century. Russia models U.S. preemption -~-- risks conflict in Chechnya Arvizu 4 – Ruben Arvizu, Director for Latin America of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, “The Domino Effect: Preemptive Wars on the Rise”, September, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/09/00_arvizu_domino-effect.htm
When the Bush administration initiated the invasion of Iraq arguing that preemptive war was a AND that such actions will cause. More than one can play this game. Escalates Garb 98 (Paula, Associate Director of International Studies and Professor of Anthropology – University of California, Irvine, The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation, Ed. Lake and Rothchild, p. 186)
When Russia finally launched a military assault on Chechnya, Fiona Hill (1995, 4) also maintained that the armed conflict had potential to escalate to involve other republics in Russia as well as other countries: “The North Caucasus is a tinderbox where a conflict in one republic has the potential to spark a regional conflagration that will spread beyond its borders into the rest of the Russian Federation, and will invite the involvement of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iran, and their North Caucasian diasporas. As the war in Chechnya demonstrates, conflict in the region is not easily contained. Chechen fighters cut their teeth in the war between Georgia and Abkhazia,1 the Chechen and North Caucasian diaspora in Turkey is heavily involved in fund-raising and procuring weapons, and the fighting has spilled into republics and territories adjacent to Chechnya.” Conflict’s likely -~-- new Russian doctrine makes preemptive military action throughout Central Asia Blank 10 – Stephen Blank, Ph.D. and Professor at the Strategic Studies Institute of the US Army War College, “The Real Reset: Moscow Refights the Cold War”, World Affairs, September / October, http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/real-reset-moscow-refights-cold-war
Pressing the reset button has hardly led to any progress to date on the outstanding AND , and political affairs of what are to become entirely dependent client states.” Escalates -~-- high probility of nuclear conflict Blank 99 (Steven, Professor of Research – Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Region)
Past experience suggests Moscow will even threaten a Third World War if there is Turkish AND or the so-called arc of crisis from the Balkans to China. Threat’s real-~--cognitive biases downplay the Russian threat Blank 5 – Stephen Blank, Professor at the Strategic Studies Institute at the U.S. Army War College, “Is Russia a Democracy and Does It Matter?”, World Affairs, 167(3), Winter, Jstor
Recently, several analysts have argued that Russia is "a normal country" just AND and institutions cannot be sustained in Russia and become something quite unrec ognizable.
2/22/14
2AC Farm Bill Politics
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 8 | Opponent: Cal SW | Judge: Munday, M No econ decline war---best and most recent data Drezner, 12 (Daniel W. Drezner, Professor, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, October 2012, “The Irony of Global Economic Governance: The System Worked,” http://www.globaleconomicgove rnance.org/wp-content/uploads/IR-Colloquium-MT12-Week-5_The-Irony-of-Global-Economic-Governance.pdf
President Obama, fresh off a trouncing of congressional Republicans over the government shutdown, AND to be simultaneously cooperating across party lines on other issues,” he said.
Concerned about the ….. Republican colleague's move. Obama supports it Kramer 13 – Kramer 9/17/13 http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2013/09/17/israel-likes-its-u-s-presidents-strong-2/ Martin Kramer is President of Shalem College, a new undergraduate liberal arts college in Jerusalem. An authority on contemporary Islam and Arab politics, Kramer earned his undergraduate and doctoral degrees in Near Eastern Studies from Princeton University. During a twenty-five-year academic career at Tel Aviv University, he directed the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies. Kramer has taught as a visiting professor at Brandeis University, the University of Chicago, Cornell University, Georgetown University, and The Johns Hopkins University (SAIS). He has served as a visiting fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, and Harvard University's Olin Institute for Strategic Studies.
“Too big for …..do the same. Iran fights now Solomon 10-25 – Jay Solomon, Foreign Affairs Reporter at the Wall Street Journal, “White House, Congress Clash on Iran: The Obama Administration Is Arguing that Diplomatic Efforts Need More Time”, Wall Street Journal, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304682504579157983219813894
White House, Congress …..supply would shrink.
11/18/13
2AC Immigration
Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: UNT | Judge: Leah M US econ resilient Robert Johnson 1/19/13 (CFA, director of economic analysis with Morningstar, Morningstar.com, “U.S. Economy Not So Fragile After All” http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=581616)
No, the U.S. ….. a fragile economy. Doesn’t solve econ– immigration impact negligible Steve Malanga is a Contributing Editor to City Journal and a Senior Fellow at the Manhattan Institute., Summer 2006, How Unskilled Immigrants Hurt Our Economy, http://www.city-journal.org/html/16_3_immigrants_economy.html
As foreign competition ……native-born workers. No agenda and issues are disconnected—spillover is merely GOP red herrings Brian Beutler, Salon staff writer, 9/9/13, GOP’s massive new lie: The truth about Obama’s second term , www.salon.com/2013/09/09/syria_wont_derail_obamas_second_term_house_republicans_will/
Political reporters have …. House Republicans will.
Government shut down fight killed Obama’s political capital and Congressional support Shaper, political writer for CanadaFreePress, 10/22/13 (“What Republicans Have Gained Following the Shutdown”, http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/58738) AP reports suggested …… the shutdown showdown.
President Obama said …..y mid-December. CIR wont’ pass- shutdown hurt Obama, no popular support, no PC Garth Kant is WND Washington news editor. Previously, he spent five years writing, copy-editing and producing at "CNN Headline News," three years writing, copy-editing and training writers at MSNBC, and also served several local TV newsrooms as producer, executive producer and assistant news director 10-18-2013 http://www.wnd.com/2013/10/house-poised-to-slap-down-next-big-obama-push/
Now that a temporary solution …..congressional election year. Political capital doesn’t exist and isn’t key to their DA Hirsch, 13 (Michael Hirsch, chief correspondent for National Journal. He also contributes to 2012 Decoded. Hirsh previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, based in its Washington bureau. He was also Newsweek’s Washington web editor and authored a weekly column for Newsweek.com, “The World from Washington.” Earlier on, he was Newsweek’s foreign editor, guiding its award-winning coverage of the September 11 attacks and the war on terror. He has done on-the-ground reporting in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other places around the world, and served as the Tokyo-based Asia Bureau Chief for Institutional Investor from 1992 to 1994. http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207)
On Tuesday, in ……. It’s your choice. Huge bipartisan support for the plan Gelb 5 – Leslie H. Gelb, President Emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations and Anne-Marie Slaughter, Dean of the Woodrow Wilson School of International and Public Affairs, “Declare War”, The Atlantic, 11-1, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/11/declare-war/304301/?single_page=true
Passing this legislation …… and then literally. Ideology outweighs and no spillover Edwards 3 – George C. Edwards, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Texas AandM University and Former Director of the Center for Presidential Studies, “Riding High in the Polls: George W. Bush and Public Opinion”, www.clas.ufl.edu/users/rconley/conferencepapers/Edwards.PDF
Passing legislation was …… supported chief executive. Obama will horse-trade restrictions for his agenda McGinnis 93 – John O. McGinnis, Assistant Professor at the Cardozo School of Law and Former Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice, “Constitutional Review by the Executive in Foreign Affairs and War Powers: A Consequence of Rational Choice in the Separation of Powers”, Law and Contemporary Problems, 56(4), p. 322-324
C. Bargaining in Foreign …… institutions such as OLC.
I. Background and Purpose AND the national interest.’’ Id. section 504(b)(2). No risk of nuclear terrorism – technically impossible Michael, 12 (Professor Nuclear Counterprolif and Deterrence at Air Force Counterprolif Center, ’12 (George, March, “Strategic Nuclear Terrorism and the Risk of State Decapitation” Defence Studies, Vol 12 Issue 1, p 67-105, TandF Online)
Despite the alarming prospect of nuclear terrorism, the obstacles to obtaining such capabilities are AND there are still many nuclear weapons that could fall into the wrong hands.
Plan’s spun as freeing up military resources for other areas---doesn’t hamper resolve Farley 13 – Dr. Robert Farley, Assistant Professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, “Don’t Mistake US Hesitancy Over Syria For Weakness”, Global Times, 10-21, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/819271.shtml#.UmlVbHCKKSo
An Attractive Theory The theory has its attractions. For one, Israel hasn’t yet AND I don’t bluff.” Whether Netanyahu bluffs is perhaps the more important question. Relations low, including over Iran, but resilient Traiman 11-5 – Alex Traiman, Contributor to Arutz Sheva, “U.S.-Israel Ties Strained After Syria Leak, Iran Talks”, Algemeiner, 2013, http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/11/05/u-s-israel-ties-strained-after-syria-leak-iran-talks/
Attitudes on Iran sanctions and the leaking of information on an Israeli airstrike in Syria AND Obama administration actions are giving Israel any confidence right now,” he added. Israel already thinks the plan is U.S. policy Dershowitz 13 – Alan M. Dershowitz, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, “Obama: Get Approval From Congress on Iran Now”, Haaretz, 9-5, http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-1.545430
Congressional approval for ……demand a response.
11/18/13
2AC Militarism K
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 8 | Opponent: Cal SW | Judge: Munday, M Alternative fails—only the plan effectively prevents militarism Bacevich 13 – Andrew, Professor of History and International Relations at Boston University and Ph.D. in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University, The New American Militarism, p. 205-210
There is, wrote H. L. Mencken, “always a well- AND point, citizens should replace them by electing people able to do so. Legal restraints on use of force are the best check against militarism --- rejecting all intervention goes too far, won’t be accepted, and risks real security threats Falk 1 – Richard Falk, Professor Emeritus of International Law at Princeton University, “Defining a Just War”, The Nation, 10-11, http://www.thenation.com/article/defining-just-war#
I. ANTIWAR/PACIFIST APPROACH The pacifist position opposing even limited military action overlooks AND much hope of helping this new war to end in a true victory. No extinction impact---empirically denied, war’s decreasing, environments resilient, case impact turns it faster, no endless war Gray 7—Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies and Professor of International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, graduate of the Universities of Manchester and Oxford, Founder and Senior Associate to the National Institute for Public Policy, formerly with the International Institute for Strategic Studies and the Hudson Institute (Colin, July, “The Implications of Preemptive and Preventive War Doctrines: A Reconsideration”, http://www.ciaonet.org/wps/ssi10561/ssi10561.pdf)
7. A policy that favors preventive warfare expresses a futile quest for absolute security AND strategy, though not always policy, must be nothing if not pragmatic. Some threats are real --- they reverse the error by ignoring them Knudsen 1 – Olav. F. Knudsen, Professor at Södertörn University College, Security Dialogue 32.3, “Post-Copenhagen Security Studies: Desecuritizing Securitization,” p. 360
In the post-Cold War period, agenda-setting has been much easier AND instance), not least to find adequate democratic procedures for dealing with them. Studies confirm Lantis 9 – Jeffrey S. Lantis 9, Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at The College of Wooster, “Strategic Culture and Tailored Deterrence: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice”, Contemporary Security Policy, Vol.30, No.3 (December 2009), pp.467-485, http://www.contemporarysecuritypolicy.org/assets/CSP-30-3-Lantis.pdf
Recent literature on strategic culture also focuses on authoritarian states, implying that there are AND work best for authoritarian states where there is typically a singular historical narrative.
( ) Epistemology not 1st and links to anti-politics
Jarvis 2K (D.S.L., Lecturer n Government - U of Sydney, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND THE CHALLENGE OF POSTMODERNISM, p. 128-9) Certainly it is right and proper that we ponder the depths of our theoretical imaginations AND than those foolish enough to be scholastically excited by abstract and recondite debate.
11/18/13
2AC OLC CP
Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: UNT | Judge: Leah M Obama will overrule the OLC Goldsmith 13 – Goldsmith 13 – Jack Goldsmith, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, “Blaming (or Crediting) the Lawyers for Our Syria Policy”, Lawfare Blog, 7-15, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/07/blaming-or-crediting-the-lawyers-for-our-syria-policy/
First, the Obama …… our Syria policy.) CP gets ignored and doesn’t bind Posner, 12 (Eric A. – Kirkland and Ellis Professor at the University of Chicago Law School, Winter, “Reflections On The Law Of September 11: A Ten-Year Retrospective: Deference To The Executive In The United States After September 11: Congress, The Courts, And The Office Of Legal Counsel”, Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 35 Harv. J.L. and Pub. Pol'y 213, Lexis)
B. The OLC as …..would ignore it. Shifting authority’s key to legitimacy McGuinness 9 – Margaret E. McGuinness, Associate Professor at the University of Missouri Law School, “The President, Congress and The Security Council: Counterterrorism And The Use Of Force Through The Internationalist Lens”, Willamette Law Review, 45 Willamette L. Rev. 417, Spring, Lexis
III. Congressional Participation in ….Council process itself. No global buy-in unless Congress moves first Moss 8 – Kenneth B., Professor and Chair of the Department of National Security Studies at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University, Formerly affiliated with the Siemens Corporation, the Woodrow Wilson Center, and the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Undeclared War and the Future of U.S. Foreign Policy, p. 220-221
While the Constitution’s …..war and peace.
10/26/13
2AC T - Single Country
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 8 | Opponent: Cal SW | Judge: Munday, M “Authority” is permission Taylor 96 – Ellen, 21 Del. J. Corp. L. 870 (1996), Hein Online)
The term authority is commonly thought of in the context of the law of agency AND is between what the agent can do and what the agent may do. We meet Ritter 7 – Scott Ritter, Former Marine Intelligence Officer and Chief Weapons Inspector for the United Nations in Iraq from 1991 to 1998, “Calling on Congress to Stop a War”, TruthDig, 12-7, http://www.truthdig.com/report/print/20071207_calling_on_congress_to_stop_a_war
In short, the only way to prevent the full implementation of the Bush administration AND that he has all the authority required to initiate an attack against Iran. “In” means within --- this is the core meaning Encarta 7 – Encarta World English Dictionary, 7 (“In (1)”, 2007, http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861620513)
sub•stan•tial suhb-stan-shuhl Show ….sum of money. “Restriction” means limitation Mattice 7 (Harry S., Jr., United States District Judge, “Wright v. Magellan Behavioral Health, Inc.”, 7-3, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 48718, Lexis)
In the instant case….. within this definition.
11/18/13
AT Circumvention
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake MQ | Judge: John Nagy Self-interest and normative pressure Pildes 12 – Richard H. Pildes, Sudler Family Professor of Constitutional Law at the NYU School of Law and Co-Director of the NYU Center on Law and Security, “Book Review: Law and the President”, Harvard Law Review, April, 125 Harv. L. Rev. 1381, Lexis
III. The Incomplete Consequentialist Theory for the Role of Law For these reasons, I want to move beyond empirical issues and engage Posner and AND distinction that seems of limited pragmatic significance, as the next Part shows.
9/21/13
AT Debt Ceiling
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dartmouth BP | Judge: Andres Gannon Won’t pass- health care negotiations fail Nick Chiles is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and New York Times bestselling author. He has written or co-written 11 books and won over a dozen major journalism awards during a journalism career that brought him to the Dallas Morning News, the Star-Ledger of New Jersey and New York Newsday, in addition to serving as Editor-in-Chief of Odyssey Couleur travel magazine. 10-2-2013 http://atlantablackstar.com/2013/10/02/debt-ceiling-looming-stubbornness-congress-spell-economic-catastrophe/
A shutdown would have serious implications for the American economy, which is still struggling AND vote over whether to approve more borrowing to fund the government’s existing obligations. PC low and fails for fiscal fights Greg Sargent 9-12, September 12th, 2013, "The Morning Plum: Senate conservatives stick the knife in House GOP leaders," Washington Post, factiva
All of this underscores a basic fact about this fall's fiscal fights: Far and AND . The time for injecting reality into the debate has long since passed. No agenda and issues are disconnected—spillover is merely GOP red herrings Brian Beutler, Salon staff writer, 9/9/13, GOP’s massive new lie: The truth about Obama’s second term , www.salon.com/2013/09/09/syria_wont_derail_obamas_second_term_house_republicans_will/
Political reporters have a weakness for narratives, and the narrative of a weakened president AND depressing truism: Syria won’t derail Obama’s second term — House Republicans will. Ideology outweighs and no spillover Edwards 3 – George C. Edwards, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Texas AandM University and Former Director of the Center for Presidential Studies, “Riding High in the Polls: George W. Bush and Public Opinion”, www.clas.ufl.edu/users/rconley/conferencepapers/Edwards.PDF
Passing legislation was even more difficult on the divisive domestic issues that remained on Congress’s AND tenets of their ideology solely in deference to a widely supported chief executive. Obama will horse-trade restrictions for his agenda McGinnis 93 – John O. McGinnis, Assistant Professor at the Cardozo School of Law and Former Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice, “Constitutional Review by the Executive in Foreign Affairs and War Powers: A Consequence of Rational Choice in the Separation of Powers”, Law and Contemporary Problems, 56(4), p. 322-324
C. Bargaining in Foreign Policy Areas Where the Accommodation Reflects Congress's Predominant Interest Shortly after coming to office, President Bush faced congressional opposition in continuing to aid …. necessary in order to overcome the internal opposition of institutions such as OLC.
10/5/13
AT Debt Ceiling GSU R2
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake MQ | Judge: John Nagy US econ resilient Robert Johnson 1/19/13 (CFA, director of economic analysis with Morningstar, Morningstar.com, “U.S. Economy Not So Fragile After All” http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=581616)
What do Boehner and GOP leaders intend to do? In a way, that's AND likelihood of a shutdown at this point is about 65 and climbing. PC low and fails for fiscal fights Greg Sargent 9-12, September 12th, 2013, "The Morning Plum: Senate conservatives stick the knife in House GOP leaders," Washington Post, factiva
Will the House pass a short-term budget this week? Maybe. Will AND to gauge whether there is any hope for the issue in coming weeks.
Obama will horse-trade restrictions for his agenda McGinnis 93 – John O. McGinnis, Assistant Professor at the Cardozo School of Law and Former Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice, “Constitutional Review by the Executive in Foreign Affairs and War Powers: A Consequence of Rational Choice in the Separation of Powers”, Law and Contemporary Problems, 56(4), p. 322-324
C. Bargaining in Foreign Policy Areas Where the Accommodation Reflects Congress's Predominant Interest Shortly after coming to office, President Bush faced congressional opposition in continuing to aid AND necessary in order to overcome the internal opposition of institutions such as OLC. PC isn’t key and winners win Hirsh 2-7 – Michael, Senior Editor at Newsweek Magazine and Chief Correspondent for the National Journal, “There's No Such Thing as Political Capital”, National Journal, 2013, Lexis
On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do AND change positions to get on the winning side. It's a bandwagon effect."
9/21/13
AT Debt DA
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan US econ resilient Robert Johnson 1/19/13 (CFA, director of economic analysis with Morningstar, Morningstar.com, “U.S. Economy Not So Fragile After All” http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=581616)
What do Boehner and GOP leaders intend to do? In a way, that's AND likelihood of a shutdown at this point is about 65 and climbing. PC low and fails for fiscal fights Greg Sargent 9-12, September 12th, 2013, "The Morning Plum: Senate conservatives stick the knife in House GOP leaders," Washington Post, factiva
Will the House pass a short-term budget this week? Maybe. Will AND to gauge whether there is any hope for the issue in coming weeks. PC isn’t key and winners win Hirsh 2-7 – Michael, Senior Editor at Newsweek Magazine and Chief Correspondent for the National Journal, “There's No Such Thing as Political Capital”, National Journal, 2013, Lexis
On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do AND change positions to get on the winning side. It's a bandwagon effect." Obama will horse-trade restrictions for his agenda McGinnis 93 – John O. McGinnis, Assistant Professor at the Cardozo School of Law and Former Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice, “Constitutional Review by the Executive in Foreign Affairs and War Powers: A Consequence of Rational Choice in the Separation of Powers”, Law and Contemporary Problems, 56(4), p. 322-324
C. Bargaining in Foreign Policy Areas Where the Accommodation Reflects Congress's Predominant Interest Shortly after coming to office, President Bush faced congressional opposition in continuing to aid AND necessary in order to overcome the internal opposition of institutions such as OLC.
3/28/14
AT Debt DA
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan US econ resilient Robert Johnson 1/19/13 (CFA, director of economic analysis with Morningstar, Morningstar.com, “U.S. Economy Not So Fragile After All” http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=581616)
What do Boehner and GOP leaders intend to do? In a way, that's AND likelihood of a shutdown at this point is about 65 and climbing. PC low and fails for fiscal fights Greg Sargent 9-12, September 12th, 2013, "The Morning Plum: Senate conservatives stick the knife in House GOP leaders," Washington Post, factiva
Will the House pass a short-term budget this week? Maybe. Will AND to gauge whether there is any hope for the issue in coming weeks. PC isn’t key and winners win Hirsh 2-7 – Michael, Senior Editor at Newsweek Magazine and Chief Correspondent for the National Journal, “There's No Such Thing as Political Capital”, National Journal, 2013, Lexis
On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do AND change positions to get on the winning side. It's a bandwagon effect." Obama will horse-trade restrictions for his agenda McGinnis 93 – John O. McGinnis, Assistant Professor at the Cardozo School of Law and Former Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice, “Constitutional Review by the Executive in Foreign Affairs and War Powers: A Consequence of Rational Choice in the Separation of Powers”, Law and Contemporary Problems, 56(4), p. 322-324
C. Bargaining in Foreign Policy Areas Where the Accommodation Reflects Congress's Predominant Interest Shortly after coming to office, President Bush faced congressional opposition in continuing to aid AND necessary in order to overcome the internal opposition of institutions such as OLC.
3/28/14
AT Deference DA
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dartmouth BP | Judge: Andres Gannon War powers rulings now Bejesky 13 – Robert Bejesky, M.A. Political Science (Michigan), M.A. Applied Economics (Michigan), LL.M. International Law (Georgetown), “Dubitable Security Threats and Low Intensity Interventions as the Achilles' Heel of War Powers”, Mississippi College Law Review, 32 Miss. C. L. Rev. 9, Lexis
The judiciary is not reluctant to become involved in issues subsidiary to the use of AND as Commander-in-Chief as it relates to treaty interpretation. n474 Future decisions inevitable and worse during a crisis Hemasath 00 – Paul A. Hemesath, J.D./M.S.F.S. from the Georgetown University Law Center, “Who's Got the Button? Nuclear War Powers Uncertainty in the Post-Cold War Era”, Georgetown Law Journal, August, 88 Geo. L.J. 2473, Lexis
IV. CONSEQUENCES OF AMBIGUITY: CONSTITUTIONAL UNCERTAINTY AND ILLEGITIMACY The uncertainty of a divided nuclear war powers regime may be more than an academic AND the lack of controlling precedent or constitutional authority, subject to extreme controversy.
10/5/13
AT Exec CP
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan No durable enforcement HLR 12 – Harvard Law Review 12, "Developments in the Law: Presidential Authority," Vol. 125:2057, www.harvardlawreview.org/media/pdf/vol125_devo.pdf
Political checks thus can work to restrain the President by prompting executive self-binding AND practices. 147 Only time, and perhaps public opinion, will tell. Statutory check’s key to signal restraint -~-- states look to formal structures -~-- that’s Damrosch. CP fails. Scheuerman 12 – William E. Scheuerman, Professor of Political Science and West European Studies at Indiana University, “Review Essay: Emergencies, Executive Power, and the Uncertain Future of US Presidential Democracy”, Law and Social Inquiry, Summer, 37 Law and Soc. Inquiry 743, Lexis
Posner and Vermeule rely on two main claims. First, even if the president AND seems like a pale replacement for liberal legalism and the separation of powers. Plan’s way more credible Pildes 12 – Richard H. Pildes, Sudler Family Professor of Constitutional Law at the NYU School of Law and Co-Director of the NYU Center on Law and Security, “Book Review: Law and the President”, Harvard Law Review, April, 125 Harv. L. Rev. 1381, Lexis
That Posner and Vermeule miss the role of legal compliance as a powerful signal, AND American political culture, is probably the President's willingness to comply with law.
3/28/14
AT Exec CP
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan No durable enforcement HLR 12 – Harvard Law Review 12, "Developments in the Law: Presidential Authority," Vol. 125:2057, www.harvardlawreview.org/media/pdf/vol125_devo.pdf
Political checks thus can work to restrain the President by prompting executive self-binding AND practices. 147 Only time, and perhaps public opinion, will tell. Statutory check’s key to signal restraint -~-- states look to formal structures -~-- that’s Damrosch. CP fails. Scheuerman 12 – William E. Scheuerman, Professor of Political Science and West European Studies at Indiana University, “Review Essay: Emergencies, Executive Power, and the Uncertain Future of US Presidential Democracy”, Law and Social Inquiry, Summer, 37 Law and Soc. Inquiry 743, Lexis
Posner and Vermeule rely on two main claims. First, even if the president AND seems like a pale replacement for liberal legalism and the separation of powers. Plan’s way more credible Pildes 12 – Richard H. Pildes, Sudler Family Professor of Constitutional Law at the NYU School of Law and Co-Director of the NYU Center on Law and Security, “Book Review: Law and the President”, Harvard Law Review, April, 125 Harv. L. Rev. 1381, Lexis
That Posner and Vermeule miss the role of legal compliance as a powerful signal, AND American political culture, is probably the President's willingness to comply with law.
3/28/14
AT Heg Turns Flexibility
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan Structural constraints cause prior planning and make flexibility effective -~-- unchecked power backfires Pearlstein 9 – Deborah N. Pearlstein, Visiting Scholar and Lecturer in Public and International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, “Form and Function in the National Security Constitution”, Connecticut Law Review, July, 41 Conn. L. Rev. 1549, Lexis
Flexibility and Formality The new functionalists' instinctive attraction to flexibility in decision-making rules or structures- AND something more than arbitrary attention has been paid before transcendent priorities are overridden. Oversight is review, not redundancy -~-- key to effective war-making Pearlstein 9 – Deborah N. Pearlstein, Visiting Scholar and Lecturer in Public and International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, “Form and Function in the National Security Constitution”, Connecticut Law Review, July, 41 Conn. L. Rev. 1549, Lexis
But in addition to glossing over the potential benefits of multiple system checks (which AND , but not necessarily the same type of decision-making expertise. n236 Congress can respond quickly and effectively-~--Yoo’s wrong Streichler, 8 (Stuart – Adjunct Faculty at Seattle University School of Law and Ph.D. – Johns Hopkins University and J.D. – University of Michigan Law School, “Mad about Yoo, or, Why Worry about the Next Unconstitutional War?”, Journal of Law and Politics XXIV.93, http://faculty.washington.edu/sstreich/documents/madaboutyoo.pdf)
When Yoo discusses the need for flexibility in the process for warmaking, he creates AND policy options over the long run, constraining foreign policymakers and military planners.
3/28/14
AT Heg Turns Flexibility
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan Structural constraints cause prior planning and make flexibility effective -~-- unchecked power backfires Pearlstein 9 – Deborah N. Pearlstein, Visiting Scholar and Lecturer in Public and International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, “Form and Function in the National Security Constitution”, Connecticut Law Review, July, 41 Conn. L. Rev. 1549, Lexis
Flexibility and Formality The new functionalists' instinctive attraction to flexibility in decision-making rules or structures- AND something more than arbitrary attention has been paid before transcendent priorities are overridden. Oversight is review, not redundancy -~-- key to effective war-making Pearlstein 9 – Deborah N. Pearlstein, Visiting Scholar and Lecturer in Public and International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, “Form and Function in the National Security Constitution”, Connecticut Law Review, July, 41 Conn. L. Rev. 1549, Lexis
But in addition to glossing over the potential benefits of multiple system checks (which AND , but not necessarily the same type of decision-making expertise. n236 Congress can respond quickly and effectively-~--Yoo’s wrong Streichler, 8 (Stuart – Adjunct Faculty at Seattle University School of Law and Ph.D. – Johns Hopkins University and J.D. – University of Michigan Law School, “Mad about Yoo, or, Why Worry about the Next Unconstitutional War?”, Journal of Law and Politics XXIV.93, http://faculty.washington.edu/sstreich/documents/madaboutyoo.pdf)
When Yoo discusses the need for flexibility in the process for warmaking, he creates AND policy options over the long run, constraining foreign policymakers and military planners.
3/28/14
AT Hillman K
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake MQ | Judge: John Nagy ( ) Psychoanalysis K wrong – over-explains and is a tautology
Robinson ‘5 (Andrew, Early Career Fellow in the School of Politics – University of Nottingham, “The Political Theory of Constitutive Lack: A Critique”, Theory and Event, 8(1)) • Lacanian analysis consists mainly of an exercise in projection. As a result, AND search for truth inevitably involves'61. It dispenses with the need to have ideas he is committed to euphoric investments generated through the repetition of the same. ( ) Hillman wrong. Rejecting institutions cements Failure. Perm solves
Stuhr ‘8 (John J, Professor of Philosophy and American Studies, and Chair, Department of Philosophy at Emory University “A Terrible Love of Hope”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy New Series, Volume 22, Number 4, Project Muse)
And then what, now what? What should a meliorist do? Terrible lovers AND imperative. A century later, that day has not come. Yet.
9/21/13
AT Iowa K
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan ( ) Reps not first – coalitions, anti-politics, and zero impact
Churchill ‘96 Ward Churchill, Professor of American Indian Studies at the University of Colorado, 1996 (“Semantic Masturbation on the Left: A Barrier to Unity and Action,” From A Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985-1995, Published by South End Press, ISBN 0896085538, p. 460) There can be little doubt that matters of linguistic appropriateness and precision are of serious AND nonsense, and on with the real work of effecting positive social change.
Rather than vainly sniping at President Bush over his management of the Iraq war, AND tarnished honor, and its standing in the eyes of the American people.
Alt fails -~-- no meaningful effect Ling ‘97 (et al – LL.H.M. Ling is Associate Professor on the Graduate Program in International Affairs at The New School. She graduated from Wellesley College, and from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a Ph.D.; along with Anna M. Agathangelou and , Director of the Global Change Institute in Nicosia and Former Assistant Professor of Women’s Studies and Politics at Oberlin; Studies in Political Economy, v54, Fall, p. 7-8)
Given these concerns with political transformation, post-colonialism exposes several internal ironies in AND recognition that we have a moral obligation to do anything about it."49
Preventing nuclear war is the absolute prerequisite to positive peace. Folk, 78 Professor of Religious and Peace Studies at Bethany College, 78 Jerry, “Peace Educations – Peace Studies : Towards an Integrated Approach,” Peace and Change, volume V, number 1, Spring, p. 58
Those proponents of the positive peace approach who reject out of hand the work of AND who view the field essentially from the point of view of negative peace.
Increases political costs and solves signal regardless Wilkinson 12 – Will Wilkinson, Research Fellow at the Cato Institute, M.A. in Philosophy from the Northern Illinois University, Academic Coordinator of the Social Change Project and the Global Prosperity Initiative at The Mercatus Center at George Mason University, “Rebridling the Executive”, Economist, 4-17, http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2012/04/democracy-and-war
I think this is good, sound sense. Fabio Rojas, a professor of sociology at Indiana University, disagrees. "The sorts of rules that Maddow proposes are useless", he argues. "People will just ignore the rules when they want to when they want war". How so? First, if you really want war, you can always vote to have a AND . That's how democracies restrain, isn't it? How is that useless?
3/28/14
AT Iowa K
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan ( ) Reps not first – coalitions, anti-politics, and zero impact
Churchill ‘96 Ward Churchill, Professor of American Indian Studies at the University of Colorado, 1996 (“Semantic Masturbation on the Left: A Barrier to Unity and Action,” From A Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985-1995, Published by South End Press, ISBN 0896085538, p. 460) There can be little doubt that matters of linguistic appropriateness and precision are of serious AND nonsense, and on with the real work of effecting positive social change.
Rather than vainly sniping at President Bush over his management of the Iraq war, AND tarnished honor, and its standing in the eyes of the American people.
Alt fails -~-- no meaningful effect Ling ‘97 (et al – LL.H.M. Ling is Associate Professor on the Graduate Program in International Affairs at The New School. She graduated from Wellesley College, and from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a Ph.D.; along with Anna M. Agathangelou and , Director of the Global Change Institute in Nicosia and Former Assistant Professor of Women’s Studies and Politics at Oberlin; Studies in Political Economy, v54, Fall, p. 7-8)
Given these concerns with political transformation, post-colonialism exposes several internal ironies in AND recognition that we have a moral obligation to do anything about it."49
Preventing nuclear war is the absolute prerequisite to positive peace. Folk, 78 Professor of Religious and Peace Studies at Bethany College, 78 Jerry, “Peace Educations – Peace Studies : Towards an Integrated Approach,” Peace and Change, volume V, number 1, Spring, p. 58
Those proponents of the positive peace approach who reject out of hand the work of AND who view the field essentially from the point of view of negative peace.
Increases political costs and solves signal regardless Wilkinson 12 – Will Wilkinson, Research Fellow at the Cato Institute, M.A. in Philosophy from the Northern Illinois University, Academic Coordinator of the Social Change Project and the Global Prosperity Initiative at The Mercatus Center at George Mason University, “Rebridling the Executive”, Economist, 4-17, http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2012/04/democracy-and-war
I think this is good, sound sense. Fabio Rojas, a professor of sociology at Indiana University, disagrees. "The sorts of rules that Maddow proposes are useless", he argues. "People will just ignore the rules when they want to when they want war". How so? First, if you really want war, you can always vote to have a AND . That's how democracies restrain, isn't it? How is that useless?
3/28/14
AT Militarism K
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake MQ | Judge: John Nagy No genocide or extinction Dickinson ‘4 (UC Berkeley – History, Edward Ross, “Biopolitics, Fascism, Democracy: Some Reflections on Our Discourse About “Modernity,” Central European History, vol. 37, no. 1, 1–48) In short, the continuities between early twentieth-century biopolitical discourse and the practices AND of biopolitics, the only end point of the logic of social engineering. ( ) On-point review of Rana. He ‘s wrong, our advantages can be real, and decentralized Alt fails.
Said ‘12 Wadie - Associate Professor, University of South Carolina School of Law. “Constructing the Threat and the Role of the Expert Witness: A Response to Aziz Rana’s Who Decides on Security?” – UConn Law Review – July 2012 – http://connecticutlawreview.org/files/2012/09/4.Said-FINAL.pdf
As an initial matter, a pause is necessary before continuing this response to Rana’s AND that courts would defer to the expertise of executive branch officials seems unsurprising. Democratic alliances solve multiple existential threats that aren’t grounded in security logic---environment, disease, and food---that’s Ikenberry. Food shortages kill billions Brown 5 (Lester, President – Earth Policy Institute, , People and the Planet, “Falling Water Tables 'Could Hit Food Supply'”, 2-7, http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=2424)
Many Americans see terrorism as the principal threat to security, but for much of AND For them, it is the next meal that is the overriding concern." Some threats are real --- they reverse the error by ignoring them Knudsen 1 – Olav. F. Knudsen, Professor at Södertörn University College, Security Dialogue 32.3, “Post-Copenhagen Security Studies: Desecuritizing Securitization,” p. 360
In the post-Cold War period, agenda-setting has been much easier AND instance), not least to find adequate democratic procedures for dealing with them. Aff doesn’t get co-opted and meaningfully restrains regardless of solvency Wilkinson 12 – Will Wilkinson, Research Fellow at the Cato Institute, M.A. in Philosophy from the Northern Illinois University, Academic Coordinator of the Social Change Project and the Global Prosperity Initiative at The Mercatus Center at George Mason University, “Rebridling the Executive”, Economist, 4-17, http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2012/04/democracy-and-war
I think this is good, sound sense. Fabio Rojas, a professor of sociology at Indiana University, disagrees. "The sorts of rules that Maddow proposes are useless", he argues. "People will just ignore the rules when they want to when they want war". How so? First, if you really want war, you can always vote to have a AND . That's how democracies restrain, isn't it? How is that useless?
9/21/13
AT Non-Binding Congress CP
Tournament: GSU | Round: 5 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: Gabrielle Tandet Sense of congress fails – doesn’t bind or signal national unity Samples 11(John, director of the Center for Representative Government at the Cato Institute, “Congress Surrenders the War Powers Libya, the United Nations, and the Constitution,” October 27, http://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa687.pdf) President Clinton sent American engineers to begin rebuilding the nation as part of the agreement AND of another nation did not, according to the OLC, constitute a war
Doesn’t solve signal Samples 11(John, director of the Center for Representative Government at the Cato Institute, “Congress Surrenders the War Powers Libya, the United Nations, and the Constitution,” October 27, http://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa687.pdf) At first members of Congress seemed ready to involve the nation once again in a AND economic sanctions against Serbia in an omnibus spending bill late in the year.
Doesn’t solve separation of powers Nichols 13(John, writer for The Nation, “Congress Checks and Balances on Afghanistan—Will It Do So With Syria?” June 17, http://www.thenation.com/blog/174824/congress-checks-and-balances-afghanistan-will-it-do-so-syria#axzz2euLcvFce) The US House of Representatives took an important step last week toward the restoration of AND its broader constitutional mandate to declare wars and check and balance all military endeavors
Congress is too timid to enforce a Sense of Congress – only formal checks solve Hamilton 4 (Lee, director of The Center on Congress at Indiana University, former president and director of The Wilson Center, served for 34 years in Congress representing Indiana's ninth district, “Why Congress Needs to Assert Itself,” page last updated 2004, http://72.32.58.69/radio_commentaries/why_congress_needs_to_assert_itself.php)
One voice has been conspicuous in its absence, however: that of Congress itself AND fully in Congress, yet it has made little effort to do so.
9/22/13
AT North Korea DA
Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal GW | Judge: Nikolic Offensive threats cause Korea prolif and war Hallinan 13 (Conn, Foreign Policy In Focus columnist. Hallinan is also a columnist for the Berkeley Daily Planet, and an occasional free lance medical policy writer. He is a recipient of a Project Censored "Real News Award." He formally ran the journalism program at the University of California at Santa Cruz, where he was also a college provost, Counterpunch, “Obama’s Flawed Korea Policies,” April 28, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/04/26/obamas-flawed-korea-policies/)
Ignoring North Korea, however, did not sit well with Japan and South Korea AND and the North Koreans were essentially saying, “We told you so.” Obama can still threaten force because North Korea doesn’t know Congress won’t approve it---that’s 100 effective Diehl 6 – Paul F. Diehl, Henning Larson Professor of Political Science at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and Tom Ginsburg, Professor of Law and Political Science at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, “Irrational War and Constitutional Design: A Reply to Professors Nzelibe and Yoo”, Michigan Journal of International Law, Summer, 27 Mich. J. Int'l L. 1239, Lexis
The second scenario is perhaps the one that concerns the authors: executive initiative that AND . n46 We address the deficiencies of this argument in the next section. North Korean nuclearization impossible Struckman and Roehrig, 13 (Dana Struckman is an Associate Professor at the US Naval War College and a retired USAF Colonel, Terence Roehrig is a Professor at the US Naval War College and Director of the Asia-Pacific Studies Group and Research Fellow at Harvard’s Kennedy School in the Project on Managing the Atom, 2/20, “Not So Fast: Pyongyang’s Nuclear Weapons Ambitions”, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, http://journal.georgetown.edu/2013/02/20/not-so-fast-pyongyangs-nuclear-weapons-ambitions-by-dana-struckman-and-terence-roehrig/)
Once again, North Korea has reminded the world of its intention to develop a AND before Pyongyang possesses a working and reliable long range, nuclear weapons capability. Conflicting signals inevitable---formal checks irrelevant Waxman 13 – Matthew Waxman, Law Professor at Columbia Law School, “The Most Puzzling Line of the President’s Speech”, Lawfare Blog, 9-11, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/09/the-most-puzzling-line-of-the-presidents-speech/
I recently posted my new paper on The Constitutional Power to Threaten War (forthcoming AND and allies, alike – observing and reacting to those politics, too. Rhetoric doesn’t translate into conflict Lankov, 13 (Andrei Lankov – Professor at Kookmin University in Seoul and an Adjunct Research Fellow at the Australian National University, March 28, “Serious armed clash on the Korean Peninsula unlikely”, East Asia Forum, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/03/28/a-serious-armed-clash-on-the-korean-peninsula-is-unlikely/)
If the world …………………… well, just noise. They have the internal link wrong - unrestrained presidential war powers encourages North Korea proliferation Natsios 12(Andrew, professor at Georgetown University’s Walsh School of Foreign Service, was administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development from May 2001 through December 2005, “Stop feeding North Korea’s nuclear ambition,” March 8, Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/us-food-aid-to-n-korea-sends-the-wrong-messages/2012/03/07/gIQA6MM1zR_story.html) If North Korea’s rulers give up their nuclear weapons, Washington may overthrow them. AND that “the Libya crisis is teaching the international community a grave lesson.”
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan We meet – “Warfare” is “hostilities” Goldsmith 11 (Jack, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, served as Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel from 2003–2004, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense from 2002–2003, “Problems with the Obama Administration’s War Powers Resolution Theory,” 6-16-11, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2011/06/problems-with-the-obama-administrationE28099s-war-powers-resolution-theory-2/)
I. Warfare from a Distance¶ The Administration argues that once it starts firing AND fighting (though of course “hostilities” can refer to reciprocated fighting).
Counter-interp – “Hostilities” means offensive armed conflict – predictable and sets a fair limit Davids 11 – Joseph William Davids, Research Fellow at La Sapienza, Università di Roma, JD from the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law and LLM in International and European Law from the Universiteit van Amsterdam, ““Hostilities” and “Armed Conflict””, Arizona International, 6-19, http://davidsjoseph.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/hostilities-and-armed-conflict/
International Humanitarian Law applies during armed conflicts, which exist “whenever there is a AND challenging continued U.S. and NATO operations in Libya.12
3/28/14
AT T- Hostilities
Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa HK | Judge: Nick Donlan We meet – “Warfare” is “hostilities” Goldsmith 11 (Jack, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, served as Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel from 2003–2004, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense from 2002–2003, “Problems with the Obama Administration’s War Powers Resolution Theory,” 6-16-11, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2011/06/problems-with-the-obama-administrationE28099s-war-powers-resolution-theory-2/)
I. Warfare from a Distance¶ The Administration argues that once it starts firing AND fighting (though of course “hostilities” can refer to reciprocated fighting).
Counter-interp – “Hostilities” means offensive armed conflict – predictable and sets a fair limit Davids 11 – Joseph William Davids, Research Fellow at La Sapienza, Università di Roma, JD from the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law and LLM in International and European Law from the Universiteit van Amsterdam, ““Hostilities” and “Armed Conflict””, Arizona International, 6-19, http://davidsjoseph.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/hostilities-and-armed-conflict/
International Humanitarian Law applies during armed conflicts, which exist “whenever there is a AND challenging continued U.S. and NATO operations in Libya.12
3/28/14
AT T-Restiction
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake MQ | Judge: John Nagy “Restriction” means limitation Mattice 7 (Harry S., Jr., United States District Judge, “Wright v. Magellan Behavioral Health, Inc.”, 7-3, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 48718, Lexis)
In the instant case…… falls within this definition.
9/21/13
AT War Fighting DA
Tournament: GSU | Round: 5 | Opponent: Georgetown EM | Judge: Gabrielle Tandet No impact to bioterrorism—adequate defenses, no precedent, bioterrorists will fail Epstein, 10 (Gerald R. – Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic Research and International Studies and assistant director for national security at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, October, “Are Microorganisms Macrothreats?”, BioScience 60.9, p. 759-760, JSTOR)
It is impossible for national security planners to know the real threat of bioterrorism, AND wrong, however, their recommendations would leave the country at greater risk. Lack of prior participation causes interference in duration and conduct of war Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
By the conclusion of the Clinton Administration, however, it appeared that something of AND much to say about the question of unilateral executive use of military force. Trade-off’s zero-sum and accesses the turn more Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
In a companion Article, we described many of the structural forces responsible for this AND to doubt certain of the President's decisions about how it should be prosecuted.
Won’t be used Heder 10 (Adam, J.D., magna cum laude , J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “THE POWER TO END WAR: THE EXTENT AND LIMITS OF CONGRESSIONAL POWER,” St. Mary’s Law Journal Vol. 41 No. 3, http://www.stmaryslawjournal.org/pdfs/Hederreadytogo.pdf)
VI. Practical Limits on Congress's Power Absent the exercise of one of the above-mentioned powers, Congress has no AND refusal to adjudicate the issue would fail to vindicate important constitutional values. n120 Flexibility and speed turns are totally wrong Streichler 8 – Stuart Streichler, Adjunct Faculty at Seattle University School of Law. Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins University; J.D. at the University of Michigan Law School; B.S. at Bowling Green State University, “Mad about Yoo, or Why Worry about the Next Unconstitutional War”, The Journal of Law and Politics, Winter, 24 J. L. and Politics 93, Lexis
When Yoo discusses the need for flexibility in the process for warmaking, he creates AND lawmakers to engage in serious deliberations on vital questions of national security. n247
9/22/13
AT War Fighting DA
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dartmouth BP | Judge: Andres Gannon Authorization’s key to durable support by locking in public and Congressional backing --- ensures funding and human capital necessary to win wars --- also key to morale and cohesion --- that’s Gelb and Frye. Turns Congressional interference links Waxman 13 – Matthew Waxman, Law Professor at Columbia Law School, “The Most Puzzling Line of the President’s Speech”, Lawfare Blog, 9-11, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/09/the-most-puzzling-line-of-the-presidents-speech/
I recently posted my new paper on The Constitutional Power to Threaten War (forthcoming AND and allies, alike – observing and reacting to those politics, too. End around -- lack of prior participation causes interference in duration and conduct of war Barron 8 – David J. Barron, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and Martin S. Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb -- A Constitutional History”, Harvard Law Review, February, 121 Harv. L. Rev. 941, Lexis
By the conclusion of the Clinton Administration, however, it appeared that something of AND much to say about the question of unilateral executive use of military force.
10/5/13
Biopower K - 2AC
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Michigan BJ | Judge: Slattery ( ) Alt fails and policy framework’s better even if fiat’s not real.
Bryant ‘12 (Levi Bryant is currently a Professor of Philosophy at Collin College. In addition to working as a professor, Bryant has also served as a Lacanian psychoanalyst. He received his Ph.D. from Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois, where he originally studied 'disclosedness' with the Heidegger scholar Thomas Sheehan. Bryant later changed his dissertation topic to the transcendental empiricism of Gilles Deleuze, “Critique of the Academic Left”, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/)
Unfortunately, the academic left falls prey to its own form of abstraction. It’s AND . Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that.
( ) Biopower K too sweeping and wrong. Throws positive power out with the bathwater.
Dickinson ‘4 (UC Berkeley – History, Edward Ross, “Biopolitics, Fascism, Democracy: Some Reflections on Our Discourse About “Modernity,” Central European History, vol. 37, no. 1, 1–48) In short, the continuities between early twentieth-century biopolitical discourse and the practices AND of biopolitics, the only end point of the logic of social engineering.
No impact and alt cause more illiberal outcomes.
Dean ‘1 (Mitchell, Professor of Sociology - Macquarie University in Australia, STATE OF IMAGINATION: ETHNOGRAPHIC EXPLORATIONS OF POSTCOLONIAL SPACE, Ed: Thomas Blom Hansen, p. 61-62)
The study of governmentality has yet to open up the extensive discussion of authoritarian and AND the rights of those with¬out any states but their mere existence.
( ) Law K wrong in Aff context. We solve, Alt can’’t.
Grynaviski ‘13 Eric Grynaviski, Professor of Political Science at The George Washington University, “The Bloodstained Spear: Public Reason and Declarations of War”, International Theory, 5(2), Cambridge Journals
Conclusion The burden of the argument, thus far, has been to show that AND well as more recent issues such as the targeted killing of political leaders.
( ) We don’t have to justify THE Law – just OUR rule.
McCormick '99 (John P., Assistant Political Science Pf - Yale, American Political Science Review. v93, p. 413/17)
For Habermas, the de facto strategy of reducing all cases to "exceptions" AND , which is therefore suspendable in the name of a sovereign popular will.
11/16/13
China Soft Power DA - Fullerton Round 6
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake CV | Judge: Zendeh China won’t be a leader in governance—less manpower and funding, no participation in civil society gatherings, domestic governance challenges, government doesn’t have governance plans, multiple Chinese identities, weak civil society, international China bashing Wang and French, 13 (Hongying Wang – Associate Professor at the University of Waterloo, Erik French – doctoral student at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University, 3/12, “China’s limited participation in global governance”, East Asia Forum, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013 /03/12/chinas-limited-participation-in-global-governance/)
China’s rise has been AND and reduces international demand for China to assume more responsibility in global governance. Independently a continued US aggressive posture alienates China from being a productive regional partner Snyder and Witt 7(Scott, senior associate at the Asia Foundation and the Pacific Forum of the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He was a program officer at the United States Institute of Peace from 1994 to 1999. Joel, senior associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, United States Institute for Peace, “Chinese Views Breaking the Stalemate on the Korean Peninsula,” February, http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/sr183.pdf) Chinese analysts agree that every effort should be made now to prevent instability on the AND interests as part of any solution to the second North Korean nuclear crisis.
Removing fears of US force in North Korean territory causes China to pressure North Korea Carpenter 13(Ted, senior fellow at the Cato Institute, “Prodding China to Pressure North Korea: How US Policy Should Change,” May 8, http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/prodding-china-pressure-north-korea-how-us-policy-should-change) China’s policy is undoubtedly the crucial variable in dealing with the North Korean crisis. AND on the Peninsula and terminating the alliance itself within three years of reunification.
1/8/14
Death K - 2AC
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Michigan BJ | Judge: Slattery ( ) Yes, value to life
Coontz’1 Phyllis D. Coontz, PhD Graduate School of Public and International Affairs University of Pittsburgh, et al, JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING, 2001, 18(4), 235-246 – J-Stor In the 1950s, psychiatrist and theorist Viktor Frankl (1963) described an existential AND and fu- ture to strengthen one's present life (Reed, 1991b). First – Wayne’s “Death Good” and Molecular thesis is the height of arrogance. We really shouldn’t kill everyone unless we are 1000 sure the thesis is right.
Seeley, ‘86 (Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors, The Handbook of Non-Violence, p. 269-70) In moral reasoning prediction of consequences is nearly always impossible. One balances the risks AND real enough to make nuclear war utterly impermissible under any sane moral code.
( ) prefer particularity as a standard for epistemic accuracy
4. Benatar’s Material Argumentation: Limits of the Empiricist Approach The formal argumentation tried to show that not being born does not harm (on AND merely empiricist and Utilitarian methodologies can deal successfully with this type of objection.
Suffering’s only inevitable on global scale. Some folks are happy – narcissistic to deem other lives aren’t worth living.
(note: this card is part of the Benatar frontline)
Danaher ‘11 John Danaher is a lecturer in law at Keele University with an interest in philosophy – Harman on Benatar's Better Never to Have Been (Part Three) – Philosophical Disquisitions – May 13, 2011 – http://philosophicaldisquisitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/harman-on-benatars-better-never-to-have_7699.html As highlighted in part one, Benatar's second argument rests on a key empirical claim AND features of life could disappear. This would make procreation permissible once more.
Third – Err towards life improving. Prefer Frankl’s subject position.
Coontz’1 Phyllis D. Coontz, PhD Graduate School of Public and International Affairs University of Pittsburgh, et al, JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING, 2001, 18(4), 235-246 – J-Stor In the 1950s, psychiatrist and theorist Viktor Frankl (1963) described an existential AND and fu- ture to strengthen one's present life (Reed, 1991b).
11/16/13
Egypt Advantage
Tournament: Texas | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Wayne JS | Judge: Buntin, Brovero, Paul Plan restores the U.S. model of Congressional control---this shapes global trends for war powers Damrosch 95 – Lori Fisler Damrosch Professor of Law at Columbia University “War And Responsibility: A Symposium On Congress, The President, And The Authority To Initiate Hostilities: Constitutional Control Over War Powers: A Common Core of Accountability in Democratic Societies?” October 1995 50 U. Miami L. Rev. 181 Lexis
I. Introduction My first opportunity to read John Hart Ely's ideas on war powers came in 1988 AND what aspects of that experience are (and arguably should remain) unique.
Legislative strength stops a slide to authoritarianism and war Fish and Kroenig, 11 (m. steven fish – professor of political science at the university of california – berkeley, matthew kroenig – assistant professor of government at georgetown university and a research affiliate at the belfer center for science and international affairs at the john f. kennedy school of government at harvard university, 2/23, “egypt's future needs a strong legislature”, cnn, http://www.cnn.com/2011/OPINION/02/23/fish. kroenig.egypt.legislature/index.html)
(CNN) -- In the past ……………….. of 158 countries.
Instability escalates to global conflict Copley 11 (Gregory O., Editor – Global Information System and Defense and Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy, “Strategic Ramifications of the Egyptian Crisis”, World Tribune, 2-1, http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/ WTARC/2011/me_egypt0088_02_01.asp)
In the Preface to the Defense and Foreign Affairs Handbook on Egypt, in 1995 AND to bridge the transition until the re-emergence of a charismatic leader.
Worldwide attention has been focused for many days on events in Cairo, the central AND embargo in 1973, inviting armed conflict like nothing we have ever seen.
Escalation’s coming now Max Boot 12/27/13 Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow for National Security Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations “Is Egypt Headed Back Toward Civil War?” Commentary Magazine http://www.commentary magazine.com/2013/12/27/is-egypt-headed-back-toward-civil-war/
Sinai’s a flashpoint---escalation’s likely Byman and Elgindy 13 (daniel byman – professor at georgetown university and the research director of the saban center for middle east policy at the brookings institution, khaled elgindy – fellow at the saban center and previously served as an adviser to the palestinian leadership in ramallah, 9/1, “the deepening chaos in sinai”, the national interest, http://nationalinterest.org/article/the-deepening-chaos-sinai-8957)
THE GROWING instability in Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula represents one of the most dangerous, and AND , Israel, and a vital Arab partner on which regional stability depends.
Extinction Konstantinov 11 (mihail, full professor in mathematics with the university of architecture, civil engineering and geodesy (uaceg), bulgaria, “nuclear middle east”, 2-12-11, http://www.europost.bg/article?id=1005)
But can¬cel¬ing the trea¬ty has anoth¬er name, as well: war. And if AND , such as oil price and gold price fluc¬tu¬a¬tions on the glob¬al mar¬kets.
Smuggling causes terrorism against Israel Almog 4 (Doron, Major General, Former Head of Israel’s Southern Command, and Visiting Military Fellow – Washington Institute for Near East Policy, “Tunnel-Vision in Gaza”, Middle East Quarterly, Summer, http://www.meforum.org/630/tunnel-vision-in-gaza)
The term "smuggling" does not do justice to the problem of the Philadelphi AND Egypt would assume responsibility for the border area or the Gaza Strip itself.
Triggers the Samson Option---global nuclear war Freilich 10 (Chuck, Senior Fellow – Belfer Center at Harvard University and Adjunct Professor – New York University, “The Armageddon Scenario: Israel and the Threat of Nuclear Terrorism”, Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 84, http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/MSPS84.pdf)
CHAPTER 2: THE THREAT TO ISRAEL The Middle East is a demographic, socio-economic, political, and military AND , especially considering the shipments’ small dimensions and Israel's comparatively long coastal border.
Extinction Morgan 9 (Dennis Ray, Professor of Current Affairs – Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South Korea, “World on Fire: Two Scenarios of the Destruction of Human Civilization and Possible Extinction of the Human Race”, Futures, 41(1), p. 685-686)
In a remarkable website on nuclear war, Carol Moore asks the question ‘‘Is AND retaliates with nuclear attacks on Russia and possibly on China as well. 11
2/10/14
Iran CP - 2AC
Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Michigan BJ | Judge: Slattery Coercive diplomacy is a complete failure – removing threat of force makes sanctions removal effective Jervis 13(Robert, Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Affairs at Columbia University, Foreign Affairs, “Getting to Yes With Iran The Challenges of Coercive Diplomacy,” February, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138481/robert-jervis/getting-to-yes-with-iran) The United States' recent record of coercive diplomacy is not encouraging. A combination of AND its current course.
I recently posted my new paper on The Constitutional Power to Threaten War (forthcoming AND and allies, alike – observing and reacting to those politics, too. No impact—credible U.S. and Israel deterrence, leadership is rational, won’t give weapons to terrorists Carpenter, 12 (Ted Galen – senior fellow at the Cato Institute, April 12, “The Pernicious Myth That Iran Can’t Be Deterred”, CATO Institute, http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/pernicious-myth-iran-cant-be-deterred)
Rumblings about possible AND a little less overwrought than the other theories about the “Iranian threat.” They won’t prolif—long timeframe, no evidence they’re making moves, we would detect it, forceful international response, no covert uranium enrichment plants, no decision from leaders to develop weapons Kahl, 12 (Colin H. Kahl – Associate Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service and Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, March/April, “Not Time to Attack Iran: Why War Should Be a Last Resort”, Foreign Affairs, ProQuest)
In the last …. rhetoric with actions. Prolif’s accelerating, despite threats Kahlili 13 – Reza Kahlili, Former CIA operative in Iran's Revolutionary Guards and Author of the Award-Winning Book A Time to Betray, Serves on the Task Force on National and Homeland Security and the Advisory Board of the Foundation for Democracy in Iran, “Experts Concerned Iran Nuclear Progress Is Accelerating”, 4-1, http://www.americanthinker.com/2013/04/experts_concerned_iran_nuclear_progress_is_accelerating.html
The revelation of a ….. world with impunity. Threats kill the deal---motive and internal politics Pillar 13 – Dr. Paul R. Pillar, Professor and Senior Fellow at the Center for Security Studies at Georgetown University and Nonresident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D. in Politics from Princeton University, MA in Politics from Oxford University, “Threats of Force Don't Always Help”, The National Interest, 9-15, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar/threats-force-dont-always-help-9072
An added aspect AND and understand how such threats may help to kill the prospects for one. Threats have no upside---there’s already sufficient leverage to push a deal Thielmann 13 – Greg Thielmann, Senior Fellow of the Arms Control Association and Former Office Director for Strategic, Proliferation, and Military Affairs In the State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research, “Senators' Iran Letter Complicates Solution”, 8-6, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/senators-iran-letter-complicates-solution-8836?page=1
With tough economic …..build nuclear weapons. Threat of force kills intel, resource-focus, and allied support---ruins effective strategy Keller 6 – William Keller, Professor of Security Studies at the University of Pittsburgh and Gordon Mitchell, NDT Top Speaker, Professor of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, Changed His Mind on Switch Side Debate, “Take The Preventive War Option Off The Table”, The Monitor (McAllen, Texas), 9-7, Lexis
Despite these shortcomings, some argue that the preventive force option is still useful as AND that are better suited for dealing with this new century's emerging security challenges.
11/16/13
Iran DA - Fullerton Round 6
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake CV | Judge: Zendeh No impact—credible U.S. and Israel deterrence, leadership is rational, won’t give weapons to terrorists Carpenter, 12 (Ted Galen – senior fellow at the Cato Institute, April 12, “The Pernicious Myth That Iran Can’t Be Deterred”, CATO Institute, http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/pernicious-myth-iran-cant-be-deterred)
Rumblings about AND the “Iranian threat.” No cross-country spillover---each case is different and context matters Waxman 13 – Matthew Waxman, Law Professor at Columbia Law School, “The Most Puzzling Line of the President’s Speech”, Lawfare Blog, 9-11, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/09/the-most-puzzling-line-of-the-presidents-speech/
My third question is about effectiveness. I agree that as a general matter “ AND the reasons I’m skeptical that the contemplated strikes will bolster deterrence beyond Syria. Resolve’s shot Burns 11-7 – Nicholas Burns, Professor of the Practice of Diplomacy and International Politics at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, “Mideast Allies Crave Leadership from US”, Boston Globe, 2013, http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2013/11/07/the-leadership-deficit-mideast/ASbdXT1Iub5tuyeJQc7ljO/story.html
SEEMINGLY EVERYWHERE AND the administration intends, but it is the strong perception of many Arabs. Resolve is failing now—focusing on the pivot solves Park 11-25-13 (Jinho, professional staff member of Representative Jinha Hwang on the Foreign Affairs and Unification Committee of the South Korean National Assembly, “Faltering US pivot to Asia impairs US leadership,” http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/191239-faltering-us-pivot-to-asia-impairs-us-leadership)
The Obama administration’s “pivot” to Asia is faltering and causing diplomatic uncertainty and AND South Korea would prefer a strategy for constructive and transparent partnership with China. Plan’s spun as focusing on the pivot---doesn’t hamper resolve Farley 13 – Dr. Robert Farley, Assistant Professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, “Don’t Mistake US Hesitancy Over Syria For Weakness”, Global Times, 10-21, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/819271.shtml#.UmlVbHCKKSo
But since at ….. is part of that project. Plan boosts allied confidence and shores up deterrence and resolve—focuses resources on the pivot Larison 13 – Daniel Larison, Ph.D. from the University of Chicago and Senior Editor at the American Conservative, “Gates, “Credibility,” and the Fear of “Weakness””, The American Conservative, 9-18, http://www.theamericanconservative.com/larison/gates-credibility-and-the-fear-of-weakness/
Former Defense AND easily undermine confidence in the patron’s protection and support rather than reinforce it.
1/8/14
New Plan Wake round 3
Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas BC | Judge: Austin Layton The United States Federal Government should require formal Congressional declaration prior to the introduction of United States armed forces into hostilities, unless to repel attacks on the United States.
11/16/13
OLC CP - Fullerton Round 6 Additions
Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake CV | Judge: Zendeh And, only formal Constitutional changes get perceived by Japan Krotoszynski 9 – Krotoszynski, Director of Faculty Research, and Professor of Law, University of Alabama School of Law, 2009 (Ronald, Arkansas Law Review, 61 Ark. L. Rev. 603)
In the early years of the republic, our ability to go it alone was AND look to developments in the United States as a source of inspiration." n12
Ten years after it began, the Iraq war might best be remembered as America’s AND impact on the way the US goes to war is far from over. The plan prevents PMC circumvention Norys 10(Jenna, Contracts Administrator - US Offices/International Business Development at Wilson and Associates, LLC, “The New Faces of US Armed Forces: The Constitution and Private Military Firms,” http://www.juridicas.unam.mx/wccl/ponencias/6/104.pdf)
In the national security context, U.S. courts have relied on Youngstown AND big enough to successfully put forth a proper war effort would be logical.
11/16/13
Plan - Harvard 3
Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: UNT | Judge: Leah M Plan: The United States Federal Government should require a Congressionally-issued formal declaration of war prior to initiating warfare, unless to repel attacks on the United States.
10/26/13
Plan - Round 8 Shirley
Tournament: Wake Forest Shirley | Round: 8 | Opponent: Cal SW | Judge: Munday The United States Federal Government should require Congressional authorization prior to the use of offensive military force against the Islamic Republic of Iran.
11/18/13
Plan - Texas Doubles
Tournament: Texas | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Wayne JS | Judge: Buntin, Brovero, Paul The United States Federal Government should require a Congressional policy trial prior to introducing United States Armed Forces into missions beyond self-defense, pursuant to the Rules of Engagement.
2/10/14
R2P Advantage
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dartmouth BP | Judge: Andres Gannon U.S. is pushing a norm of Responsibility to Protect --- alienates Russia and China and risks global great power conflict Trombly 11 – Dan Trombly, Ph.D Candidate in International Relations at George Washington University, “The Upending of Sovereignty”, 8-27, http://slouchingcolumbia.wordpress.com/2011/08/27/the-upending-of-sovereignty/
The other, … the first place. Threat of R2P ruins global cooperation necessary to stop famine, disease, and multiple flashpoints for wr Trombly 11 – Dan Trombly, Ph.D. Candidate in International Affairs at George Washington University, “Responsibility to Protect Ya Neck”, 9-3, http://fearhonorinterest.wordpress.com/2011/09/03/responsibility-to-protect-ya-neck/
Advocates should recognize …. wishes to avoid. Famine kills billions Brown 5 (Lester, President – Earth Policy Institute, , People and the Planet, “Falling Water Tables 'Could Hit Food Supply'”, 2-7, http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=2424)
Many Americans see … the overriding concern." Plan stops U.S. implementation of R2P --- Presidents support it, but Congressional control blocks Hanania 12 – Richard Hanania, JD Candidate at the University of Chicago Law School and Writer at The Atlantic, “Humanitarian Intervention and the War Powers Debate”, The Journal Jurisprudence, (2012) J. JURIS 47, http://www.jurisprudence.com.au/juris13/Hanania.pdf
What we see …. commits to war.
10/5/13
Sudan Advantage
Tournament: Texas | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Wayne JS | Judge: Buntin, Brovero, Paul U.S. is intervening in Sudan---escalates conflict to regional war and bogs down the U.S. Azikiwe 12-25 – Abayomi Azikiwe, Editor of Pan-African News Wire, “US Shot Itself in the Foot in Sudan”, RT, 2013, http://rt.com/op-edge/foreign-involvement-in-south-sudan-782/
Goes nuclear Lancaster 00 – Carol, Associate Professor and Director of the Master's of Science in Foreign Service Program at Georgetown University, “Redesigning Foreign Aid”, Foreign Affairs, September / October, Lexis
THE MOST BASIC CHALLENGE facing the United States today is helping to preserve peace. AND weapons of mass destruction, these wars could prove more dangerous than ever.
Recall the 1956 Invasion of Egypt? There is also the chance of renewed war AND for transforming America into a global empire through militarism overseas and domestic militarization.
Plan keeps the U.S. out Hanania 12 – Richard Hanania, JD Candidate at the University of Chicago Law School and Writer at The Atlantic, “Humanitarian Intervention and the War Powers Debate”, The Journal Jurisprudence, (2012) J. JURIS 47, http://www.jurisprudence.com.au/juris13/Hanania.pdf
What we see is a public that is generally indifferent to foreign affairs, but AND necessary than ever to have Congress decide when the nation commits to war.
The global financial crisis seemingly shifted economic power away from hard-hit Western countries AND be the world's biggest economic engine and top destination for foreign direct investment. Minimum wage, UI, Obamacare, NSA, debt ceiling thump the DA and winners win MSNBC, 1-6-2013 http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/obama-prepares-hit-reset
President Obama returns to work this week looking to revive his second term and regain AND from the White House, as they tried unsuccessfully to do last fall.
The ambitious U.S.-led TPP would create a free-trade bloc AND like currency manipulation and intellectual property protection are addressed in any TPP deal. Broad support for the plan Kims 4 (Woosang and Tae-Hyo, Professors of Political Science – Yonsei University, “A Candle in the Wind: Korean Perceptions of ROK-U.S. Security Relations”, Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, XVI(1), Spring, p. 114-115)
The Republican chairwoman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee slammed President Obama Tuesday night after AND It passed the House last year, but is stuck in the Senate. Zero political effect Forrester 7 (Jason W., Visiting Fellow – CSIS International Security Program and M.A.L.D. – Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, “Congressional Attitudes on the Future of the U.S.–South Korea Relationship”, CSIS Report, May, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/070504_congressionalattitudes_final.pdf)
When asked about the U.S. force level in South Korea, most AND to accelerate movement toward 50/50 burden sharing between the two countries.
1/8/14
UN Advantage
Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: UNT | Judge: Leah M Executive authority over use of force causes huge blowback against the UN Stromseth 95 – Jane E. Stromseth, Associate Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, “Collective Force and Constitutional Responsibility: War Powers in the Post-Cold War Era”, University of Miami, October, 50 U. Miami L. Rev. 145, Lexis
IV. Conclusion If Somalia and Haiti are any guide, we can expect to see several trends AND to maintain a posture of constructive international engagement in the challenging times ahead. Plan locks in prior authorization for U.S. participation in UN operations---builds support and solves funding and management shortfalls that deck UN effectiveness McGuinness 9 – Margaret E. McGuinness, Associate Professor at the University of Missouri Law School, “The President, Congress and The Security Council: Counterterrorism And The Use Of Force Through The Internationalist Lens”, Willamette Law Review, 45 Willamette L. Rev. 417, Spring, Lexis
A. The Value of More Explicit Ex Ante Congressional Involvement in U.S./U.N. Counterterrorism Measures AND lead to congressionally imposed reversals that may prove more costly to the President. Now’s key to lock in UN effectiveness---ensures foreign policy legitimacy Hirsch 9-24 – Michael Hirsh, Chief Correspondent for National Journal and Former Senior Editor and National Economics Correspondent for Newsweek, “Why the United Nations Is Suddenly Relevant”, National Journal, 2013, http://www.defenseone.com/politics/2013/09/why-united-nations-suddenly-relevant/70738/?oref=d-skybox
That's especially the view in Washington, which more often than not sees the big AND So all eyes are on New York. Let the diplomacy begin. Extinction Thakur 12 – Ramesh Thakur, Professor of International Relations and Foundation Director of the Centre for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament at the Australian National University, “The United Nations in Global Governance: Rebalancing Organized Multilateralism for Current and Future Challenges”, http://www.un.org/en/ga/president/65/initiatives/GlobalGovernance/Thakur_GA_Thematic_Debate_on_UN_in_GG.pdf
The world is interdependent in areas as diverse as financial markets, infectious diseases, AND harmonizing the ever?present national interests and forging the elusive international interest. Even if it fails, maintaining it as a viable last resort is key to plantary survival Schlesinger 3 – Steven, Director of the World Policy Institute at New School University, The Record (Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario), “UN is the World's Emergency Room; Its Survival Requires U.S. Commitment”, 10-4, Lexis
The ultimate outcome of the San Francisco Conference is still not known. However, AND the world's geopolitical emergency room. The question is whether it can survive. Strong Congressional role spills up to the UN---creates transparency and legitimacy vital for effective counterterrorism McGuinness 9 – Margaret E. McGuinness, Associate Professor at the University of Missouri Law School, “The President, Congress and The Security Council: Counterterrorism And The Use Of Force Through The Internationalist Lens”, Willamette Law Review, 45 Willamette L. Rev. 417, Spring, Lexis
This symposium is focused on the powers of the U.S. presidency, AND the use of force is essential to solidifying those norms as international law. UN CT legitimacy stops AQIM---threat’s escalating and destabilizes North Africa Cockayne 10 – James Cockayne, Senior Fellow and Director of the New York Office of the Center on Global Terrror, et al., “Implementing the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy in North Africa”, September, http://www.globalct.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/North_Africa_Report_Final.pdf
It is the volatility and denationalized nature of this approach that leads counterterrorism experts, AND and civil society in developing plans for implementing that framework across the subregion. AQIM’s on the cusp of launching large scale attacks that shatter regional stability Resnick 13 – Laura Resnick, Research Assistant at University of Pennsylvania, “The Threat We Can’t Ignore”, 1-24, http://redandblue.thedp.com/2013/01/the-threat-we-cant-ignore/
While some argue that the North African threat is overrated because AQIM largely seeks to AND reflect the fact that North Africa may be home to our next enemies. Goes global---draws in Russia and China---and AQIM alone causes Sixth Fleet kickout Alexander 9 – Yonah, Professor at the Inter-University Center for Terrorism Studies and Senior Fellow and Director of the International Center at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, et al., “Why The Maghreb Matters: Threats, Opportunities, and Options for Effective American Engagement in North Africa”, Potomac Institute Special Report, March, http://www.potomacinstitute.org/images/studies/NorthAfricaPolicyPaper033109.pdf
THE CONCERN AND a globalizing economy and increasing demands for broader political participation among their populations. Sixth Fleet stops Mediterranean gas conflict --- quickly escalates Luft 10 – Gal, Executive Director at the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, “Is a Mideast War Brewing over Natural Gas Find?”, The Cutting Edge, 7-19, http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=12392
Many people have been asking me to update them regarding current events on several issues AND Islamic in spite of posturing as a secular state, this could change.
