Tournament: Clarion | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason Kostiuk-Nijjar | Judge: Young
Cyberweapons inveitable- incentives are too high
Kaminski, PhD, Stanford, Defense Science Board Task Force on Resilient Military Systems chariman, 13
(Paul, January 2013, “Department of Defense Defense Science Board Task Force Report: Resilient Military Systems and the Advanced Cyber Threat,” accessed 9/16/13, http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ResilientMilitarySystems.CyberThreat.pdf, kns)

There is no single silver bullet...(However, they have many of the same risks to their systems).

No impact to cyber warfare- no escalation
Barnett, US Defense Office of Force Transformation assistant for strategic futures, 13
(Thomas, March/April 2013, “Think again: The Pentagon: the Military’s Chiken Littles Want You to Think the Sky is Falling. Don’t Believe them: America has never been safer,” Foreign Policy, accessed 9/14/13, kns)

"Cyberwar Is the Next Big Thing."...the next-warriors on the Potomac. 

No Cyberwar- no violence, no historical precedent, and nuclear comparisons are misplaced
Rid, King’s College Department of War Studies, 11
(Thomas, October 2011, “Cyber War Will Not Take Place,” Journal of Strategic Studies, accessed 9/15/13, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402390.2011.608939, kns)

But is it? Are the Cassandras of cyber warfare...Cassandra could still have the last word.  

No Retal- US stance is for deterrence
Markoff and Shanker, NYT, 9
(John and Tom, 4/30/9, “Panel Advises Clarifying U.S. Plans on Cyberwar,” The New York Times, accessed 9/14/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/science/30cyber.html?_r=1, kns)

The authors point to a 2004 Pentagon...expected to serve the same purpose.

Appropriate oversight in squo
Wall, Council on Foreign Relations fellow, 11
(Andru, 2011, “Demystifying the Title 10- Title 50 Debate: Distinguishing Military Operations, Intelligence Activities and Covert Action,” accessed 8/15/13, http://harvardnsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Vol.-3_Wall1.pdf, kns)

This perception—that the Executive Branch...appropriate congressional oversight.

Cyber war is not catastrophic
Huntley, Commander, JAGC, US Navy, 13
(Todd C., Naval Law Review, Volume 60, 2010, “Controlling The Use Of Force In Cyberspace: The Application Of The Law Of Armed Conflict During A Time Of Fundamental Change In The Nature Of Warfare,” da 8-13-13, http://www.jag.navy.mil/documents/navylawreview/NLRVolume60.pdf, mee) 

Further, a state may engage in this type of conflict...one engaged in by three main powers.

Economic interdependence prevents cyberwar
New Europe Political Newspaper, 11
(8/10/11, “United States-China Economies ‘Interdependent’,” accessed 8/14/13, http://www.neurope.eu/article/united-states-china-economies-interdependent, kns) 

The economies of the United States and China...situation will get worse until this changes.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason Kostiuk-Nijjar | Judge: Young
Disease Wouldn’t cause extinction
Stephens, human resource consultant at Mercer, 6
(Terry, “The Emerging Global Pandemic,” http://www.middlebrookhealth.org/pdfs/COOP20Resources/Mercer20Consulting20-20Pandemic20Preparedness20for20Businesses20-20HR20Implications.pdf)      atw

In the event of a relatively mild virus...(the infection rate of the virus taken in conjunction with the case fatality rate).

No impact – anything virulent enough to be a threat would destroy its host too quickly
Lederberg 99
Joshua Lederberg, professor of genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine, 1999, Epidemic The World of Infectious Disease, p. 13

The toll of the fourteenth-century plague...large-scale ecological upsets.

Evolution and medical science prevent extinction
Posner, Senior Lecturer – University of Chicago Law, 05
Richard, January 1, 2005, “Catastrophe: the dozen most significant catastrophic risks and what we can do about them.”, http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4150331/Catastrophe-the-dozen-most-significant.html, 9/22/11, atl

Yet the fact that Homo sapiens...there is always a lust time. 

No other country would follow the international norm - Lack of oversight and attribution problems
Gjelten, CFR member, NPR global security correspondent, 13
(Tom, November/December 2010, “Shadow Wars: Debating Cyber 'Disarmament',” accessed 8/10/13, http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/shadow-wars-debating-cyber-disarmament, kns)

But what constitutes an “armed attack” in cyberspace?...simply to make the law of war irrelevant.”

Soft power is cultural imperialism and colonization and is the glue that holds empire together
Petras, Binghamton Univ. Sociology Professor, 04
(James, “The challenge of the new colonization of education: ALCA and pedagogy for oppression,” accessed 10-14-13, http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=6703)

Imperial Strategies: Soft Power, Hard Power In the language of imperial policymakers...beans and flour carries a big label – “From the USA”.

Cultural imperialism perpetuates structural violence that outweighs war and conflict
Barsh, University of Lethbridge Professor of Native American Studies, 93
(Russel Lawrence, “THE CHALLENGE OF INDIGENOUS SELF-DETERMINATION,” Winter 1993, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, accessed 10-14-13, p. Lexis)

If there is a fundamental cause...anaesthetic illusions can persist indefinitely.

US decline inevitable- no superpowers in the future
Buzan, London School of Economics IR prof, 11
(Barry, "The Inaugural Kenneth N. Waltz Annual Lecture A World Order Without Superpowers Decentred Globalism," International Relations, March 2011, vol. 25 no. 1 pages 3-25, da 12-19-11, Sage Publications) mee

In what follows I will use both material...US from superpower to great power status. 

Heg is illegitimate internationally
Buzan, London School of Economics IR prof, 11
(Barry, "The Inaugural Kenneth N. Waltz Annual Lecture A World Order Without Superpowers Decentred Globalism," International Relations, March 2011, vol. 25 no. 1 pages 3-25, da 12-19-11, Sage Publications) mee

The illegitimacy of hegemony in international society...goodwill and cooperation rather than on enforced obedience’.

No transition wars- defensive outlook, lack of differences, commitment to world trade, desire to survive
Buzan, London School of Economics IR prof, 11
(Barry, "The Inaugural Kenneth N. Waltz Annual Lecture A World Order Without Superpowers Decentred Globalism," International Relations, March 2011, vol. 25 no. 1 pages 3-25, da 12-19-11, Sage Publications) mee

There are many reasons to think that a regionalized international order...financially integrated global economy.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason Kostiuk-Nijjar | Judge: Young
Squo solves – new USFG cyber guidelines
Stevens, King’s College Centre for the Study of Radicalization and Political Violence fellow, 12
(Tim, 4/13, 12, “A Cyberwar of Ideas? Deterrence and Norms in Cyberspace,” Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 33, Issue 1, accessed 9/16/13, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2100764, kns)

In May 2011, the US International Strategy...form of norms-based deterrence.

Squo solves- congressional oversight is in place and legislation checks
Rollins and Henning, Congressional Research Service Specialist in Terrorism and National Security and Legislative Attorney, 2009
(John and Ana, “Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative: Legal Authorities and Policy Considerations,” May 10, 2009, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R40427.pdf, accessed 8/6/13, kns)

As discussed, multiple policy considerations...related to each of the twelve objectives.

Oversight fails – lack of accountability
Zegart, Hoover Institution fellow, 11
(Amy, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs former professor, 7/28, “Congress: A Pre-9/11 State of Mind,” accessed: 8/12/2013, http://www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/87216, ADC)

Oversight done poorly..."There’s no good reason."

Oversight ineffective – blame game
Zegart, Hoover Institution fellow, 11
(Amy, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs former professor, 7/28, “Congress: A Pre-9/11 State of Mind,” accessed: 8/12/2013, http://www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/87216, ADC)

In addition, too often oversight...wrong is dangerous.

Congress would just rubberstamp - they’ll approve whatever DOD deemed necessary
Headline News, 11
(Headline News, “Congress Sanctions Offensive Military Action in Cyberspace”, http://www.infosecisland.com/blogview/18769-Congress-Sanctions-Offensive-Military-Action-in-Cyberspace.html , DOA: 8-7-13, llc)

Congress has officially sanctioned...War Powers Resolution may apply," the report said. 

No first use in context of cyber policy fails – relies too heavily on an opponent’s pledge
Lewis, CSIS Technology and Public Policy Program director and senior fellow, 13
(James, February, “Conflict and Negotiation in Cyberspace,” accessed: 8/14/2013, http://csis.org/files/publication/130208_Lewis_ConflictCyberspace_Web.pdf, ADC)

Should the United States accept additional...international law is necessary or helpful.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Semis | Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Panetti | Judge: Hennigan, Patrice, Wills
Referring to indefinitely imprisoned bodies as “detainees” removes the reality of the situation and denies them “enemy combatant” status
Ahmad, clinical prof of law at Yale Law School, 9
(Muneer, I., 2009, “Resisting Guantánamo: Rights At The Brink of Dehumanization,” Northwestern University Law Review, Volume 103 No 4, page 1690, da 10-9-13, http://www.law.northwestern.edu/lawreview/v103/n4/1683/LR103n4Ahmad.pdf, mee)

Throughout this Article, I refer to the individuals...by describing them as prisoners.

The president will circumvent the aff
McNeal, Pen State Assistant Law Professor, ‘08
(Gregory S. “Article: Beyond Guantanamo, Obstacles and options” August 2008 via lexis accessed: 9-15-13 mlb)

 3. Executive Forum-Discretion--Any reform which allows...addressing the factors that the Executive balances. 

Detention safeguards will be circumvented
Cole, Georgetown Law professor, 9
(David, May 2009, “Out of the Shadows: Preventive Detention, Suspected Terrorists, and War,” accessed 10/1/13, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1407652, kns)

The above reforms would have at least...included as an integral part of the package.

A. Domestic legal protections will force the administration to shift detainees to other countries for torture and interrogation
Amnesty International 2005
(May 13, “Guantánamo and beyond: The continuing pursuit of unchecked executive power - Executive Summary”, Accessed 8-20-13, http://www.amnesty.org/es/library/asset/AMR51/083/2005/es/dbae5ede-d4e5-11dd-8a23-d58a49c0d652/amr510832005en.html) NJR

Now, as it faces possible further setbacks...they can to assert a check on the executive.

B. That Turns the Case
US Fed News, 2006
(July 7, “Rep. Markey Blasts Extraordinary Rendition Of Algerian Man Detailed By News Reports”, L/N) NJR

Today, Rep. Ed Markey (D-MA) released the following statement...international standing, and we lose our moral authority."

Court will strike down the plan-history is on our side
Colson, Acting Director, Law and Security Program, Human Rights First, 09
(Deborah, 3-23, “The Case Against A Special Terrorism Court”, date accessed: 9-21-13,
http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/090323-LS-nsc-policy-paper.pdf, LMM)

The Problems with Creating a New System from Scratch...litigate the complex issues arising in terrorism cases

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Semis | Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Panetti | Judge: Hennigan, Patrice, Wills
War turns structural violence, not the other way around
Bulloch, London School of Economics and Political Science IR Department, 8
(Douglas, May 2008, Millennium – Journal of International Studies May 2008 vol. 36 no. 3 575-595, hec)

But the idea that poverty and peace...deeply – and potentially radically – political.

No fair trial – jury prejudiced by procedures and atmosphere
Wilson, University of Connecticut School of Law human rights chair, 5
(Richard A., UCONN human rights institute director, “Fair Trials for Terrorists?”, http://www.geoffreyrobertson.com/fair_trials_for_terrorists.htm, DOA: 7-31-13, llc)

In England, where alleged terrorists...U.S. without firm undertakings that if convicted, they will not be executed.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Semis | Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Panetti | Judge: Hennigan, Patrice, Wills
Patriarchy not the root cause—inseparable from regional conflict and structural conditions.
Stansell, Princeton history professor, 2010
(Christine, “Global Feminism in a Conservative Age: Possibilities and Pieties Since 1980”, Dissent, April 1st Edition, pg. 51-52, ebsco, ldg)

But at the same time...newly invented or recently resurrected

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason Kostiuk-Nijjar | Judge: Young
Good Friday
On the skull-capped hills of Golgotha a person from Galilee walks. Or staggers. Or crawls. Struggling under the weight of the world that seeks to silence this broken body one last time he gasps for what will be his last breaths. “The King” as they mockingly decree, marches on, adorned by a crown of dishonor. And what a crown it is! Not encrusted with riches and rubies to lavishly adore his deity but rather a grotesque mockery of his unique position. This “King of Kings’” crown rather is encrusted with blood; thorns that have been hammered into the skull of this otherwise innocent man. 40 lashes to reveal his back. To peel back the flesh and let his tenderized veins and ripped apart muscles bleed down this hill for all to see. Such persistence! How he struggles to carry this Crucifix before the jeering crowd. Their mockery intensifies with every heaving step. “What King of Kings is this, who comes to die?” They spit on this man, for he is not one of them. Not a person of equitable respect that should be acknowledged. Not even a person anymore – barely even recognizable beneath this image of bloody abuse and black and blue is someone who was NEVER one of them. One of us. His difference is damning. And so we cursed that difference. Hearing his scream was blood-curdling, as we drove those rusty nails into his wrists and feet. And so we hoisted this “Son of God” on a tree, and we killed him. God is dead. We have killed him. With his last labor some breath he raised his head to the heavens and declared “Forgive them Father, for they know not what they do.”

Holy Saturday
The sky went black. The ground shook. Our lust for the end of this Prince of Peace ended as fast as it came. Our insatiable thirst for violence left almost as fast it came. What was left in its wake was fear. The foreboding and unbearable sense that something wrong has occurred infiltrated our being. But even the followers of this “God” had gone into hiding. This day was damned. Nevertheless, we carried on our dreadful lives; lives inspired and animated by the fear that had proven it to be true: death is real. It’s the end. Even this magic-man from Nazareth could not muster one last trick to cheat death. The tomb has swallowed him whole. We have killed him. We have killed him. The tomb that held the self-proclaimed “Son of God” tormented us like a revolving specter of our own finitude. As we wait to meet its icy grips we too, were afraid. For it was coming for us. And we deserved it.

Easter Sunday
Delirium must have swept the people. Women had run around preaching that the man rose again. And as we ran to see it was revealed that He had rolled away the tomb. The body that was crucified was no longer there. Shock and excitement warmed the body. What did this mean? What sting did death pose if this Body transcended its curse to walk again? We saw him! We put our fingers in the holes of his wrists and he spoke as if he were alive. For he was! Life! Glorious, gratuitous life. We joyously, fearlessly and unabashedly followed him until he transcended life itself. Rising into the heavens we watched, ready, to follow that life for all of our days. Forever more.

The aff perpetuates the rhetoric of fear, and the aff impacts are based on incorrect linear scenario predictions. This leads to bureaucratic compartmentalization and faulty policy-analysis.  The impact is systematic otherization and militarized responses that culminate in war.
Ahmed, Institute for Policy Research and Development director, 2012
(Nafeez, “The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society”, Global Change, Peace and Security, 23.3, SAGE, ldg)

The twenty-first century heralds the unprecedented acceleration...processes of social polarisation that can culminate in violent conflict.

The affirmative represents a strategy of lip service restraint re-affirms executive power granting legitimacy to sovereign manipulation of law
Posner, Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School and Vermeule, Legal Scholar, 2010 (Eric A., editor of The Journal of Legal Studies and Adrian, clerked for the Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, “ The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic”, Oxford University Press, pp. 207-209, accessed on 10/15/13, Ben)

Some commentators argue that the federal courts...ratify executive actions in tension with the law.

The status quo account of political ordering disavows the culture of fear that undergirds socio-political action through the construction of complex spaces. Likewise, the call to resolve this politics of fear with extra-political responses only re-instantiates and animates liberalism’s political positioning towards Fear and Death. The alternative is an embrace of Christ’s work of atonement as an act of being-for-life that ruptures the socio-political imaginary of modern political liberalism in this debate space and the larger political arena.
Bell, Professor of Theological Ethics at Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary, 2008
(Daniel M. Jr., Ph.D. in Theology and Ethics from Duke University, “The Politics of Fear and the Gospel of Life,” JCRT, Volume 8, No. 2, Online, pdf, Pages 55-57, Written in Spring 2008, Accessed 05/18/2013, AJH)

Awash in fear, armies and security forces are mobilized...Augustine’s vision of the city of God.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Semis | Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Panetti | Judge: Hennigan, Patrice, Wills
Prepping students to become future policy-makers through role-playing creates a never ending cycle of “preparatory pedagogy.” Kills social action and performance of their AFF.   
Mitchell, Director of William Pitt Debating Union at Pittsburgh, 1998
(Gordon R., Associate Professor of Communication, “Pedagogical Possibilities for Argumentative Agency in Academic Debate,” Argumentation and Advocacy, Volume 35, Issue 2. Fall 1998, RAM)

In the process of explaining their teaching approach...invite unwitting co-option of argumentative skills

This presupposes they made an argument; focus on impact magnification and “quick-fix” policy making destroys informed decision-making, topic education and academic relevancy
Povinelli, Professor at Regents University, 1985
(Daniel, Ph.D from Yale University and Former Debater at University of Massachusetts at Amherst, “Catastrophe Without Cause: Escaping the Paradigmatic Disadvantage,” Online, Written in 1985, Accessed 03/12/2013, AJH)  

Debate is catastrophe...reasonable (i.e., educational) and profitable (i.e., competitive). 

“Preparatory pedagogy” separates debaters from using their skills in ways that debate is intended to help them and widens the gap between discourse and action; makes social domination inevitable, kills deliberative dialogue and personal agency.
Mitchell, Director of William Pitt Debating Union at Pittsburgh, 1998
(Gordon R., Associate Professor of Communication, “Pedagogical Possibilities for Argumentative Agency in Academic Debate,” Argumentation and Advocacy, Volume 35, Issue 2. Fall 1998, RAM)

Complete reliance on the laboratory metaphor...talent to manufacture public loyalty.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason Kostiuk-Nijjar | Judge: Young
The aff perpetuates the rhetoric of crisis and security, and the aff impacts are based on incorrect linear scenario predictions. This leads to bureaucratic compartmentalization and faulty policy-analysis.  The impact is systematic otherization and militarized responses that culminate in war.
Ahmed, Institute for Policy Research and Development director, 2012
(Nafeez, “The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society”, Global Change, Peace and Security, 23.3, SAGE, ldg)

The twenty-first century heralds the unprecedented acceleration...processes of social polarisation that can culminate in violent conflict.

The aff’s logic of security is based on a desire to control and manage that renders everything knowable and hence predictable through linear scenario planning.  This static epistemology results in a static ontology of the self and politics, destroying personal agency in decision-making, reifying structural antagonisms, and culminating in limitless war and otherization.  Vote neg to reject the logic of the 1AC.  Only a radical negation can disrupt dominant epistemologies.
Burke, New South Wales IR professor, 2007
(Anthony, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason”, Theory and Event, 10.2, project muse, ldg)

I see such a drive for ontological certainty...insecurity and violence? Will our thought?