To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
1NC CP - XO
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 5 | Opponent: Florida Del Castillo-Medina | Judge: Lehrich The Executive branch of the United States federal government should restrict the war powers authority of and implement this through self-binding mechanisms including, but not limited to independent commissions to review and ensure compliance with the order and transparency measures that gives journalists access to White House decisionmaking.
CP solves- self-binding mechanisms ensure effective constraints and executive credibility Posner and Vermeule, University of Chicago professor and Harvard Law School professor, 6 (Eric and Adrian, 9/19/6, “The Credible Executive,” Social Science Network, accessed 9/14/13, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=931501, kns)
IV. Executive Signaling: Law and Mechanisms …to use those mechanisms.
2/12/14
1NC Security K
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 5 | Opponent: Florida Del Castillo-Medina | Judge: Lehrich The aff perpetuates the rhetoric of crisis and security, and the aff impacts are based on incorrect linear scenario predictions. This leads to bureaucratic compartmentalization and faulty policy-analysis. The impact is systematic otherization and militarized responses that culminate in war. Ahmed, Institute for Policy Research and Development director, 2012 (Nafeez, “The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society”, Global Change, Peace and Security, 23.3, SAGE, ldg)
The twenty-first century heralds …culminate in violent conflict.
The aff’s logic of security is based on a desire to control and manage that renders everything knowable and hence predictable. This static epistemology results in a static ontology of the self and politics, destroying personal agency in decision-making, reifying structural antagonisms, and culminating in limitless war and otherization. Vote neg to reject the logic of the 1AC. Only a radical negation can disrupt dominant epistemologies. Burke, New South Wales IR professor, 2007 (Anthony, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason”, Theory and Event, 10.2, project muse, ldg)
I see such a drive for …of insecurity and violence? Will our thought?
2/12/14
CP - Target AQAP
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 9 | Opponent: George Mason Kaye-Oliver | Judge: Neighbors, Gramzinski, Mendenhall The United States Congress should substantially increase statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President of the United States by banning the use of drones for signature strikes in Yemen and only allow for the use of drone strikes against identified members of the AQAP leadership, and only in situations where civilian causalities are extremely unlikely.
The counter-plan competes; “Targeted killing” is a term of art that includes use of lethal force against specific individuals Mitchell 12 (Allyson L. Mitchell, School of Conflict Analysis and Resolution (S-CAR), George Mason University, “My Neighbor Is A Terrorist: Peacebuilding, Drones, and America's Presence in Yemen,” November 2012, http://www.beyondintractability.org/reflection/mitchell-neighbor)
Specific and targeted drone strikes on the AQAP leadership is key to keep it in check and there’s no better real world option Cilluffo, Homeland Security Policy Institute, 9-18-13 (“Understanding the Threat to the Homeland from AQAP,” accessed 1-18-14, http://www.gwumc.edu/hspi/policy/Testimony_Cilluffo_September18_2013.pdf)
The bulwark of our… term Yemen strategy...”.
2/25/14
Congress DA
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 9 | Opponent: George Mason Kaye-Oliver | Judge: Neighbors, Gramzinski, Mendenhall A) Congress is weak now but increased oversight and passing legislation increases its power and influence Edwards, Former House of Reps Member, 9-16-08 (Mickey, “The Decline of Congress,” accessed 10-24-13, http://jbulworth.blogspot.com/2008/09/decline-of-congress.html)
Let me be both …laws of the country.
B) Increased Congressional power over foreign policy turns the case; it results in ineffective, incoherent, and slow moving policymaking Wiarda, Univ. of Georgia IR Professor, 06 (Howard, The Crisis of American Foreign Policy: The Effects of a Divided America, accessed 10-21-13, Google Books)
President Obama’s surprise … described it before him.
Congressional/ judicial control of targeted killing destroys war fighting and turns the case Issacharoff, New York University school of law professor, 13 (Samuel, “Drones and the Dilemma of Modern Warfare”, DOA: 9-28-13, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2268596, llc)
As with all use …this role effectively.
Prez flexibility solves alliances, heg, indo/pak war – extinction Coes, Bush speech writer and Romney’s Governor campaign manager, 11 (Ben, 9-30-11, “The Disease of a Weak President”, DOA: 9-29-13, http://dailycaller.com/2011/09/30/the-disease-of-a-weak-president/2/, llc)
Unfortunately, President Obama’s …simply not an option.
2/25/14
Legal Liberalism K
Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason Kaye-Oliver | Judge: Maerowitz The affirmative use of law as a guiding standard fails to understand laws dependence on culture – the affirmative re-inscribes the normative culture of exclusion it attempts to alleviate Ford, George E. Osborne Professor of Law at Stanford University, 2002 (Richard T., Reginald F. Lewis Fellow at Harvard Law School, a litigation associate with Morrison and Foerster, and a housing policy consultant for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Beyond ‘Difference’: A Reluctant Critique of Legal Identity Politics”, pp. 68-70, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)
My critique thus far …conflict should be resolved.22
The alternative is to vote negative to endorse political, rather than legal restrictions on Presidential war powers authority. Goldsmith, Harvard Law School Professor with a focus on National Security Law, 12 (Jack, Former Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense, Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, March 2012, Power and Constraint, p. 205-209, date accessed: 1/14/14, LMM)
DAVID BRIN is a science-fiction …much more extensive.
Prefer this impact – structural violence is invisible and exponential – ethics Nixon, Professor of English at the University of Wisconsin Madison, 11 (Rob, “Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor”, google books, pgs. 2-3, date accessed: 1/13/14, LMM)
Restrictions on the Presidents war powers authority crush his credibility and derail his agenda Edwards and Howell, Professors of Political Science, 09 (George C., University Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Jordan Chair in Presidential Studies at Texas AandM University, and William G., Sydney Stein Professor in American Politics at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy Studies, “The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency”, accessed on Google Books)
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 2 | Opponent: Houston Iqbal-Ferreira | Judge: Eszenyi Increasing the minimum wage is at the top of Obama’s agenda, he is focused on the issue, and it has a strong chance of passing in Congress Martin and Shear, New York Times Reporters, 12-29-13 (Jonathan and Michael, “Democrats Turn to Minimum Wage as 2014 Strategy,” NYT, accessed 1-15-14, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/30/us/politics/democrats-turn-to-minimum-wage-as-2014-strategy.html)
WASHINGTON — Democratic Party leaders, …provisions helping small businesses.
Strong Obama focus is key to successfully implement agenda items, especially concerning income inequality—plan is a new agenda item that diverts his focus Zelizer, Princeton Univ. Public Affairs Professor, 12-30-13 (Julian, “Five New Year's resolutions for President Obama,” accessed 1-15-14, http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/30/opinion/zelizer-obama-new-years-resolutions/)
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 9 | Opponent: George Mason Kaye-Oliver | Judge: Neighbors, Gramzinski, Mendenhall Saudi backing US drones in the status quo - key to overcome all other tensions in relations and key to Saudi instability Eakin, Senior Editor of The New York Review, 12 (Hugh, 5-21-12, "Saudi Arabia and the New US War in Yemen," da 1-20-14, NYR, http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2012/may/21/saudi-arabia-and-new-us-war-yemen/, mee)
What seems clear is …an open question.
Collapse of U.S.-Saudi relations causes Saudi prolif Lippman, Diplomatic and National Security Reporter at The Washington Post, 08 Thomas, “Nuclear Weapons and Saudi Strategy The Middle East Institute Policy Brief No. 5, 7/30/11, atl
So let us suppose that …rather than more.
Extinction Edelman, Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 11 (Eric, Former Undersecretary for Defense—AND—Andrew Krepinevich—President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments—AND—Evan Montgomery—Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments “The dangers of a nuclear Iran,” FA 90;1, http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf, accessed 9-29-11, tlr)
We r e Saudi Arabia… vulnerable to attack or theft.
B) Link—Reducing presidential war powers is vital to an enhanced U.S. image abroad and increases soft power Schiffer and Currier, TCU Assistant Political Science Professors, 09 (Adam and Carrie Liu, “War Powers, International Alliances, the President, and Congress,” accessed 10-12-13, http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/US_Gov_Balance_of_Power_SF.pdf)
The president’s advantages…of American foreign policy.
C) Impacts— First—Soft power is cultural imperialism and colonization and is the glue that holds empire together Petras, Binghamton Univ. Sociology Professor, 04 (James, “The challenge of the new colonization of education: ALCA and pedagogy for oppression,” accessed 10-14-13, http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=6703)
Imperial Strategies: Soft Power, Hard Power …flour carries a big label – “From the USA”.
Second—Cultural imperialism perpetuates structural violence that outweighs war and conflict Barsh, University of Lethbridge Professor of Native American Studies, 93 (Russel Lawrence, “THE CHALLENGE OF INDIGENOUS SELF-DETERMINATION,” Winter 1993, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, accessed 10-14-13, p. Lexis)
If there is a fundamental…illusions can persist indefinitely.
This basic and extraordinary … essentially, to become human.
2/25/14
Speciesism K
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 7 | Opponent: Georgia State Hanks-Kim | Judge: Herndon, grellinger, Keeton Focusing on liberation requires re-affirmation of animality to justify the liberation of those the affirmative targets which re-entrenches speciesism. Kim, UC Irvine political science professor, 2009 (Claire, “Slaying the Beast: Reflections on Race, Culture, and Species”, http://aapf.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kalfou.pdf, ldg)
Dyson gives a …and our actions
There is an institutional bias in favor of speciesism-the AFF’s failure to directly challenge it allows hegemonic discourses to constrain the parameters of discussion and political activity which allows specieisism to continue. Jackman, UC Davis sociology professor, 1994 (Mary, The Velvet Glove: Paternalism and Conflict in Gender, Class, and Race Relations, pg 64-68, ldg)
The institutionalization of expropriative …durable social control.
Speciesism is root cause of oppression –domination of animals is origin of human hierarchy Best 8 Steve, Associate Professor of Humanities and Philosophy at the University of Texas, El Paso, USA, “Total Revolution: Revolution for the 21st Century,” March 2008, http://www.animalrightsafrica.org/onestruggle/keynote.php ara
In the fourth century …dispose the oppressed. NOTE- conditio sine qua non
The alternative is to embrace the standpoint of the animal—this overcomes the humanist bias of the affirmative scholarship, connects the experiences of human and non-human animals and allows for total liberation by providing understanding of all oppression Best, UT El Paso philosophy professor, 2009 (Steven, “The Rise of Critical Animal Studies: Putting Theory into Action and Animal Liberation into Higher Education “, Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume VII, Issue 1, 2009, http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/issue_9/JCAS20VII20Issue20120MAY20ISSUE20The20Rise20of20Critical20Animal20Studies20pgs209-52.pdf, ldg)
Postmodern critiques have …healing and balance.
2/25/14
T - Armed Forces
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 2 | Opponent: Houston Iqbal-Ferreira | Judge: Eszenyi A. Interpretation - Introduction of “United States Armed Forces” only means personnel Lorber, J.D. Candidate, 13 (Eric, at University of Pennsylvania Law School, Ph.D Candidate, Duke University Department of Political Science, January “Executive Warmaking Authority And Offensive Cyber Operations: Can Existing Legislation Successfully Constrain Presidential Power?”, Accessed 9-16-13, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/1773-lorber15upajconstl9612013) NJR
As discussed above, ..the War Powers Resolution.
2/25/14
UGA Round 4 Case vs JMU BH
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 4 | Opponent: James Madison Buchholz-Hatahet | Judge: Gibson Solvency Shift already occurred Turza, 10-3 (Nicholas, 10-2-13, “Who’s Piloting the Drones? Shifting CIA Drone Operations to the DOD”, DOA: 11-2-13, http://ncjolt.org/whos-piloting-the-drones-shifting-cia-drone-operations-to-the-dod/, llc)
That the President …and increase transparency.”
Congress and the courts cannot effectively constrain presidential power due to informational asymmetries, rapid changes in the policy environment, quick executive action, and constant emergencies Scheuerman, Indiana Univ. Political Science Professor, 12 (William, “REVIEW ESSAY: Emergencies, Executive Power, and the Uncertain Future of US Presidential Democracy,” Law and Social Inquiry, Summer 2012, accessed 9-10-13, p. Lexis)
Eric Posner and …devices remains anachronistic (2010, 154-75; see also Posner 2009).
No Solvency—there is no rigid separation between Title 10 and Title 50 Wall, former senior legal advisor for U.S. Special Operations Command Central, 12 (Andru, “Demystifying the Title 10-Title 50 Debate: Distinguishing Military Operations, Intelligence Activities and Covert Action,” accessed 9-23-13, http://harvardnsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Vol.-3_Wall1.pdf)
According to “Terrorism Since 9/11: The American Cases,” a new book edited…, and 12,533 deaths. (Much of the decline is accounted for by the changing situation in one country, Iraq, where the number of attacks declined from 6,210 in 2007 to 2,265 in 2011.)
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 5 | Opponent: Florida Del Castillo-Medina | Judge: Lehrich Solvency Oversight fails – lack of accountability Zegart, Hoover Institution fellow, 11 (Amy, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs former professor, 7/28, “Congress: A Pre-9/11 State of Mind,” accessed: 8/12/2013, http://www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/87216, ADC)
Oversight done poorly,.. no good reason."
Congressional oversight fails – lack of coordination makes interagency process ineffective Newmeyer, National Defense University Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies professor, 12 (Kevin P., “Who Should Lead U.S. Cybersecurity Efforts?” Prism 3, No.2, March 2012, http://ndupress.ndu.edu/lib/pdf/prism3-2/prism115-126_newmeyer.pdf, accessed: 8/8/2013, ADC)
Filling the job of a …involved was fully compliant.15 International Law
Establishing international norms is impossible Rid, King’s College reader in War Studies, 12 (Thomas, Reader in War Studies at King’s College London and worked at Johns Hopkins University School for Advanced International Studies and the RAND Corporation in and at the Institut français des relations internationales in Paris and holds a PhD from the Humboldt Universität, April 12, “Think Again: Cyberwar”, accessed 10-29-13, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/27/cyberwar?page=full, aaw)
"We Need a Cyberarms Control Agreement." We don't. …of established order.
LOAC fails – state circumvention Jensen, BYU Associate Professor, ‘11 (Eric Talbot, Previously Chief, International Law Branch, Office of The Judge Advocate General, US Army; Military Legal Advisor to US forces in Baghdad, Iraq and in Tuzla, Bosnia; Legal Advisor to the US contingent of UN Forces in Macedonia, “Applying a Sovereign Agency Theory of the Law of Armed Conflict” 8-18-11 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1912027 accessed: 10-2-13 mlb)
Instead, states have …of a political nature.”84
American soft power is unworkable – nations don’t believe in benevolent hegemony enough to overwhelm their resentment and fear Layne and Thayer, 7 (Christopher, Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University, “American Empire: A Debate” p 68 ) kel
Doubtless, American primacy has …enormity of its power.
Economy resilient- multiple economic crashes prove no risk of violence Zakaria, Newsweek International editor, 2009 Fareed, former managing editor of Foreign Affairs, "The Secrets of Stability," Newsweek, http://www.newsweek.com/id/226425, accessed 12-18-9, mss
One year ago, …each historical in nature.
2/12/14
UGA Semis Case vs GMU KO
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 9 | Opponent: George Mason Kaye-Oliver | Judge: Neighbors, Gramzinski, Mendenhall Solvency President will disregard prohibitions or find another jurisdiction Goldsmith, Harvard Law School professor, 13 (Jack, 9-3-13, “It is Hard to Write an AUMF”, DOA: 10-27-13, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/09/it-is-hard-to-write-an-aumf/, llc)
Institutional problems within Congress prevent it from effectively overseeing the executive Zegart, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, 11 (Amy B., affiliated faculty member at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Standford, former professor of public policy at UCLA’s Luskin School of Public Affairs and fellow at the Burkle Center for International Relations, Spring 2011, “The Roots of Weak Congressional Intelligence Oversight,” Future Challenges Task Force on National Security and Law, http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/FutureChallenges_Zegart.pdf, mee)
Ethical obligation to use drones – must minimize risk of life when alternatives exist AND they’re cheaper, which leaves more money for social justice Strawser, philosophy professor, Defense Analysis Department, US Naval Postgraduate School, 10 (Bradley Jay, Assistant Professor of Philosophy in the Defense Analysis Department at the US Naval Postgraduate School, Research Associate at Oxford’s Institute for Ethics, Law, and Armed Conflict (ELAC), Ph.D. Philosophy, University of Connecticut, “Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles,” 12-16-10, http://www.bradleystrawser.com/pub/Strawser20Moral20Predators20JME.pdf, DOA: 10-4-13, ara)
Their trajectory of technology arguments is wrong Kellner, Chair in the Philosophy of Education at UCLA, 99 (Douglas, “Virilio, War, and Technology: Some Critical Reflections," Theory, Culture and Society, Vol. 16(5-6), 1999: 103-125, date accessed: 10-29-13, http://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/Illumina20Folder/kell29.htm, LMM)
In _Speed and Politics_ (1986 1977), Virilio …r social and everyday life.
Some real existential threats exist—a desecuritization policy cannot morally accommodate or react to these types of threats—only the aff provides space for some desecuritization while providing a limited security practice to solve residual threats.
Floyd, British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow, 2011 (Rita, Ph.D. Warwick University, "Can securitization theory be used in normative analysis? Towards a just securitization theory," Security Dialogue 42, pg. 436) cab
Desecuritization as a ….in security mode.
Ethical obligations are tautological—the only coherent rubric is to maximize number of lives saved Greene, Associate Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, 2010 (Joshua, “The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul,” Online, pdf, Written in 2010, Accessed 10/03/2013, AJH)
What turn-of-the-millennium …philosophy in question.
Case Solvency
No solvency - Defense contractors are too powerful and will prevent cuts to military technology Reuters, 2012
The idea that language shapes reality is illogically based on faulty theory, and can’t be empirically proven; it is more feasible to believe that reality shapes language. Roskoski, Lawyer, Latham and Watkins Law Firm, and Peabody, Center for Instructional Design, 1991. “Matthew and Joe, “ A Linguistic and Philosophical Critique of Language Arguments,” online. http://debate.uvm.edu “
Usually, this is made …at the schoolhouse gate." (Brennan 580).
The second major problem …they’re simply suggestions.
No Solvency- cant distinguish between cyber defense and offense Wall, Council on Foreign Relations fellow, 11 (Andru, 2011, “Demystifying the Title 10- Title 50 Debate: Distinguishing Military Operations, Intelligence Activities and Covert Action,” accessed 8/15/13, http://harvardnsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Vol.-3_Wall1.pdf, kns)
This distinction between …keep intelligence instruments in place.”119
Reps don’t come first and don’t cause violence Rodwell, Manchester Metropolitan University PhD candidate, 2005 (Jonathan, “Trendy But Empty: A Response to Richard Jackson”, http://www.49thparallel.bham.ac.uk/back/issue15/rodwell1.htm, DOA: 11-8-12, ldg)
No other country would follow the international norm - Lack of oversight and attribution problems Gjelten, CFR member, NPR global security correspondent, 13 (Tom, November/December 2010, “Shadow Wars: Debating Cyber 'Disarmament',” accessed 8/10/13, http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/shadow-wars-debating-cyber-disarmament, kns)
