Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 7 | Opponent: Vanderbilt Agarwal-Caito | Judge: Mathis, Bagwell, Gibson
The Executive branch of the United States federal government should restrict the war powers authority of the president to  and implement this through self-binding mechanisms including, but not limited to independent commissions to review and ensure compliance with the order and transparency measures that gives journalists access to White House decisionmaking.

CP solves- self-binding mechanisms ensure effective constraints and executive credibility
Posner and Vermeule, University of Chicago professor and Harvard Law School professor, 6
(Eric and Adrian, 9/19/6, “The Credible Executive,” Social Science Network, accessed 9/14/13, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=931501, kns)

IV. Executive Signaling: Law and Mechanisms ...not to use those mechanisms.

Tournament: tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason Jalbuena-Wiseman | Judge: Keeton
Immigration will pass – it’s top of the docket and PC is key
AP, 10-28
(“Immigration reform: Obama urges Congress again to take action before end of year,” 10-28-13, http://www.wjla.com/articles/2013/10/immigration-reform-obama-urges-congress-again-to-take-action-before-end-of-year-96071.html, DOA: 10-31-13, ara)
Obama on Monday ... already here illegally. 

Restrictions on the Presidents war powers authority crush his credibility and derail his agenda
Edwards and Howell, Professors of Political Science, 09
(George C., University Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Jordan Chair in Presidential Studies at Texas AandM University, and William G., Sydney Stein Professor in American Politics at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy Studies, “The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency”, accessed on Google Books)

Yet, manipulating public...future power prospects.

Immigration will pass but PC is key
Washington Post 10-16
(Scott Wilson and Juliet Eilperin, “Obama plans to renew immigration, climate change efforts,” 10-16-13, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obama-plans-to-renew-immigration-climate-change-efforts/2013/10/16/d0a96cbe-367b-11e3-be86-6aeaa439845b_story_1.html, DOA: 10-16-13, ara)

President Obama, fresh....your political capital.” 

Ag industry’s collapsing now---immigration’s key
Serrano, Time magazine, 2012
(Alfonso, “Bitter Harvest: U.S. Farmers Blame Billion-Dollar Losses on Immigration Laws”, 9-21, http://business.time.com/2012/09/21/bitter-harvest-u-s-farmers-blame-billion-dollar-losses-on-immigration-laws/, DOA: 2-12-13, ldg)

The Broetjes and...Farm Bureau Federation.

That cause massive global starvation-hundreds of thousands would die
Sircus, International Medical Veritas Association director, 10
(Dr. Mark Sircus, Agricultural Apocalypse 2010, March 29, 2010, http://agriculture.imva.info/food-prices/agricultural-apocalypse-2010)jap

When a large segment...mass starvation and human migration.

Tournament: Navy | Round: Semis | Opponent: Wake Forest Moir-Wu | Judge: Cramer, Harper, Weiner
Congress is weak now but increased oversight and passing legislation increases its power and influence
Edwards, Former House of Reps Member, 9-16-08
(Mickey, “The Decline of Congress,” accessed 10-24-13, http://jbulworth.blogspot.com/2008/09/decline-of-congress.html)

Let me be both candid...laws of the country.

Increased Congressional power over foreign policy turns the case; it results in ineffective, incoherent, and slow moving policymaking
Wiarda, Univ. of Georgia IR Professor, 06
(Howard, The Crisis of American Foreign Policy: The Effects of a Divided America, accessed 10-21-13, Google Books) 

A handy rule...foreign policy all but impossible.

Tournament: Navy | Round: Semis | Opponent: Wake Forest Moir-Wu | Judge: Cramer, Harper, Weiner
Limiting presidential power and flex devastates military effectiveness – only the executive can respond to threats
Li, Georgetown Law Center, 9
(Zheyoa, JD candidate, BA in political science and history from Yale, “War Powers for the Fourth Generation: Constitutional Interpretation in the Age of Asymmetric Warfare,” 2009, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1868346, DOA: 9-27-13, ara)

Even as the quantity of nation-states...fourth-generational opponents.

Prez flexibility solves alliances, heg, indo/pak war – extinction
Coes, Bush speech writer and Romney’s Governor campaign manager, 11
(Ben, 9-30-11, “The Disease of a Weak President”, DOA: 9-29-13, http://dailycaller.com/2011/09/30/the-disease-of-a-weak-president/2/, llc)

Unfortunately, President...quo is simply not an option.

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 1 | Opponent: George Mason Kaye-Oliver | Judge: Hester
Iran talks close – continued negotiations key
Reuters, 13
(“U.S. says talks intense, serious after Iran hints at atomic concessions,” 10-16-13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/16/us-iran-nuclear-idUSBRE99F0G820131016, DOA: 10-20-13, ara)

The United States described...breakthrough overnight". 

The plan’s restriction on Obama destroys potential Iran negotiations and causes widespread backlash
Alterman, CSIS Middle East program director, 9-4
(Jon, “US- Iran Nuclear Deal Hinges on Syria Vote”, DOA; 10-10-13, http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/09/us-iran-nuclear-deal-hinges-on-syria-vote.html, llc)

Focusing solely on...is worth negotiating.

Timeframe – negotiations are now or never – means the link comes before turn, because waiting too long allows Iranian hardliners to scuttle negotiations
Haass, CFR president, 13
(Richard, 9-29-13, “A Diplomatic Dance Will Be No Walz for Either Iran or America”, DOA: 10- 4-13, http://www.cfr.org/iran/diplomatic-dance-no-waltz-either-iran-america/p31517, llc)

We will know soon... toasting success or managing a crisis. 

Iran proliferation causes nuclear war
Edelman, center for strategic and budgetary assessments distinguished fellow, 11
(Eric, The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran”, Foreign Affairs, January/ Febuary, llc)

The reports of the Congressional... a regional nuclear war.

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 7 | Opponent: Vanderbilt Agarwal-Caito | Judge: Mathis, Bagwell, Gibson
Restricting ability to use force sparks Israeli mistrust
Malka, CSIS Middle East Program senior fellow, 11
(Haim, 2011, “Uncertain Commitment: Israeli Assignments of US Power,” accessed 9/16/13, csis.org/files/publication/110613_malka_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf, kns)

Ongoing Israeli mistrust...interests as well.

Perceived U.S. non-commitment causes self-reliant Israeli policy
Malka, CSIS Middle East Program senior fellow, 11
(Haim, 2011, “Uncertain Commitment: Israeli Assignments of US Power,” accessed 9/16/13, csis.org/files/publication/110613_malka_CapacityResolve_Web.pdf, kns)

More broadly, U.S.... and the United States.

That ensures miscalc- triggers biological and nuclear war
Beres, Purdue University Political Science professor, 11
(Louis, 9/6/11, “The unforeseen risks of Palestinian statehood,” Haaretz, accessed 9/16/13, http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/the-unforeseen-risks-of-palestinian-statehood-1.382766, kns)

In turn, such self-reliance...enemy nuclear counterstrikes.

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 6 | Opponent: James Madison Buchholz-Hatahet | Judge: Gramzinski
U.S. soft power is on the decline now
Barlow, Economy in Crisis Columnist, 8-3-13
(George, “America’s Soft Power is Waning,” accessed 9-3-13, http://economyincrisis.org/content/american-minds-for-sale-chinas-growing-soft-power-in-the-u-s)

It is widely considered....power over America.

Reducing presidential war powers is vital to an enhanced U.S. image abroad and increases soft power
Schiffer and Currier, TCU Assistant Political Science Professors, 09
(Adam and Carrie Liu, “War Powers, International Alliances, the President, and Congress,” accessed 10-12-13, http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/US_Gov_Balance_of_Power_SF.pdf) 

The president’s advantages ....American foreign policy.

Soft power is cultural imperialism and colonization and is the glue that holds empire together
Petras, Binghamton Univ. Sociology Professor, 04
(James, “The challenge of the new colonization of education: ALCA and pedagogy for oppression,” accessed 10-14-13, http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=6703)

Imperial Strategies: Soft Power....big label – “From the USA”.

Cultural imperialism perpetuates structural violence that outweighs war and conflict
Barsh, University of Lethbridge Professor of Native American Studies, 93
(Russel Lawrence, “THE CHALLENGE OF INDIGENOUS SELF-DETERMINATION,” Winter 1993, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, accessed 10-14-13, p. Lexis)

If there is a fundamental...can persist indefinitely.

Loss of cultural leads to extinction
Deneen, Georgetown Univ. Associate Government Professor, 08
(Patrick, “Technology, Culture, and Virtue,” Summer 2008, accessed 10-14-13, http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/technology-culture-and-virtue)

This basic and extraordinary... essentially, to become human.

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 1 | Opponent: George Mason Kaye-Oliver | Judge: Hester
TPA will pass but it’s super close – strong PC is key
Hughes and Ferraro, Reuters, 1-30
(Krista and Thomas, “Analysis: White House hopes for fast-track trade hit political tangle,” 1-30-14, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/sns-rt-us-usa-trade-analysis-20140129,0,4583052.story, DOA: 1-31-14, ara)

President Barack Obama's...eventually, a compromise," he said. 

Restrictions on the Presidents war powers authority crush his credibility and derail his agenda
Edwards and Howell, Professors of Political Science, 09
(George C., University Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Jordan Chair in Presidential Studies at Texas AandM University, and William G., Sydney Stein Professor in American Politics at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy Studies, “The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency”, accessed on Google Books)

Yet, manipulating public opinion...future power prospects.

TPA is key to trade leadership – reverses protectionist trends and sets precedent for future agreements
Ducker, president, International of FedEx Express, 1-9
(Mike,  previously served as president of the company’s Asia Pacific Region, has held various senior management positions with FedEx Express including vice president for the Southern European Region, “Trade Promotion Authority: Essential to our customers, business and country,” 1-9-14, http://blog.van.fedex.com/trade-promotion-authority, DOA: 1-26-14, ara)

In the coming weeks...Let’s renew TPA. 

Free trade prevents multiple scenarios for world war and WMD Terrorism
Panzner, NY Institute of Finance faculty, 8
(Michael, faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” pg. 136-138, 2008, ara)

Continuing calls for curbs...a new world war.

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 6 | Opponent: James Madison Buchholz-Hatahet | Judge: Gramzinski
The aff perpetuates the rhetoric of crisis and security, and the aff impacts are based on incorrect linear scenario predictions. This leads to bureaucratic compartmentalization and faulty policy-analysis.  The impact is systematic otherization and militarized responses that culminate in war.
Ahmed, Institute for Policy Research and Development director, 2012
(Nafeez, “The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society”, Global Change, Peace and Security, 23.3, SAGE, ldg)

The twenty-first century …. culminate in violent conflict.

The aff’s logic of security is based on a desire to control and manage that renders everything knowable and hence predictable.  This static epistemology results in a static ontology of the self and politics, destroying personal agency in decision-making, reifying structural antagonisms, and culminating in limitless war and otherization.  Vote neg to reject the logic of the 1AC.  Only a radical negation can disrupt dominant epistemologies.
Burke, New South Wales IR professor, 2007
(Anthony, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason”, Theory and Event, 10.2, project muse, ldg)

I see such a drive for ontological….and violence? Will our thought?

Tournament: tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason Jalbuena-Wiseman | Judge: Keeton
A: Interpretation- debate should be centered around the plan and the political implementation of the plan. The aff can only read solvency claims generated from the enacting of the plan by the United States federal government.

B: Violation- the aff fiats an extra-topical mindset shift instead of ONLY claiming solvency from the result of USFG implementation.

C: Reason to vote neg

1.  Extra-T- fiating a mindset shift- of the federal government, US public, or world avoids critical questions of transition and implementation- this is key to neg ground. AND- there’s a topical version of their aff- they just need to defend ONLY solvency from the plan. 

2.  Ground – The affirmative justifies affirmatives winning by just adding some good discourse to an otherwise terrible plan.  It makes it impossible for the negative to win if the affirmative can win by just asking the judge to endorse their in-round discourse.

3.  Implementation is key neg ground- debating in the abstracts is impossible
Ignatieff, Harvard Carr Center for Human Rights Policy director and human rights practices professor, 2004
Michael, The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, 2004, 20-21

As for moral perfectionism...lead us to betray another.

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 6 | Opponent: James Madison Buchholz-Hatahet | Judge: Gramzinski
Interpretation—Increase means to become larger or make greater
Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, 13
(“Increase,” accessed 9-25-13, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/increase) 

Increase verb \in-?kr?s, ?in-?\ : to become... amount, number, etc. 

Makes the topic bidirectional because the plan gives Obama more authority and power
Zakaria, Political Science PhD candidate at Indiana University, 3-26-13
(Rafia, “President Obama: The drones don't work, they just make it worse,” accessed 9-23-13, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/03/201332685936147309.html) 

Unlike the CIA...the program.  

Transferring control of drone operations to the DOD increases Obama’s war powers because he didn’t sign off on all CIA strikes but does on all military strikes  
Klaidman, former NEWSWEEK managing editor, 3-19-13
(Daniel, “Exclusive: No More Drones for CIA,” accessed 9-23-13, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/19/exclusive-no-more-drones-for-cia.html)

Another difference is...retained his authority.)

Tournament: Navy | Round: Semis | Opponent: Wake Forest Moir-Wu | Judge: Cramer, Harper, Weiner
Substantially
Random House, 2009
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, “Substantially,” http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/substantially, mss

sub?stan?tial  suhb-stan-shuhl
–adjective... sum of money

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 1 | Opponent: George Mason Kaye-Oliver | Judge: Hester
A) Definition—substantially increase equals thirty percent
US Court of Federal Claims, 2000
(EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING CO., Plaintiff v. THE UNITED STATES, Defendant, No. 98-201 C UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS 46 Fed. Cl. 278; 2000 U.S. Claims LEXIS 38; 54 U.S.P.Q.2D (BNA) 1519, lexis, ldg)

"To increase substantially...per cent increase.

B) Violations—

First—There are 193 countries in the world; the executive branch asserts the legal authority to conduct drone strikes in any of them
Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, 13
(Micah, “Robot Wars, “ November 2013, accessed 1-25-14, http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2013/11/what-happens-when-other-countries-start-droning-98996.html#.UuQ5r1NOmpo) 

China’s public acknowledgement... United States do then?

Second—The U.S. has conducted drone strikes in seven countries and 450 overall; plan only affects strikes in one country  
Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, 13
(Micah, “Robot Wars, “ November 2013, accessed 1-25-14, http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2013/11/what-happens-when-other-countries-start-droning-98996.html#.UuQ5r1NOmpo) 

We don’t have...some $5 billion today.

Third—The U.S. has conducted 83 drone strikes to date in Yemen; that’s only 18 percent of overall U.S. drone strikes
New America Foundation, 14
(“Drone Wars Yemen: Analysis,” accessed 1-25-14, http://natsec.newamerica.net/drones/yemen/analysis)

The purpose of...launched during the Obama administration.