Tournament: ADA Nats | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston Jennings-Bockmon | Judge: Gayetsky
1NC was Nommo- See JVNovice Nats Rd 3

Tournament: ADA Nats | Round: 3 | Opponent: John Carroll Massarelli-Stolfer | Judge: Keeton
“we do not sweat and summon our best in order to rescue
the killers”
there are days, in fact,
that i’ll be damned if i rescue any killer
or someone even approaching such a terrible status
to work in solidarity with those who are like me
unlike me
or resemble me
does not demand or require that i save those who would identify others dead or
annihilated
either through neglect
indifference
calculation
or theoethical musings
i will not rescue the killers
for being women all the time
is like breathing in and out
it is like the moments of smiles and whispers
it is like warmth and passion
it is like naming a voice through the song you sing
it is like the roll of a dice weighed to come up doubles
but to reach for your winnings
and find nothing there
being women all the time
is like breathing in and out
it is like finding yourself in the midst of degradation
and having the will to stake a claim for liberation
it is like turning and turning and turning into a shimmering tomorrow
it is like noticing a still, small voice
that you craft into a roaring wind
as you recognize and feel wholeness as no longer an abstract, independent
category
but what we all yearn for
so black women can, if we must, begin with the wounds
the folds of those old wounds, that in some cases destroyed us
with lies, secrets, and silences we are told about other women
that are told about ourselves
these wounds mark us, but they do not need to define us
for as wise women
or women seeking wisdom
we must grasp a hermenuetic of suspicion
that is, we must examine our first works over
again and again
and consider how we are with each other
and let our religious homes and the academy care of themselves for
awhile
and ponder
what it means for each of us
to be in this work of ornery hope
this work of performing Topsy
knowing Topsy
being Topsy
growing Topsy
yes all of us gathered here in our global clearing are subject to the ravages of
structural racism, sexism, heterosexism, classism, speciesism, agism, ableism
but what interests me is that african american women have and do join
others
in holding these “isms”
these masters’ and mistresses’ tools
in our control
and we have used them
sometimes relentlessly
we have used them
to avoid our depression and discontent
by cheering ourselves and finding a woman who is worse off
than we are
to avoid the questions we have about our beauty
by failing to question who sets the standards
and then dressing
literally
to kill
we have used these deadly tools to protect ourselves against charges that we
aren’t feminine
by pointing to someone who may
or may not
be tougher than we are
to prove that we really do know the color pink
to cloak our fears that we may not be bright enough or talented enough
by ridiculing other women and making them into postmodern
pickaninnies
by charging that they are sublimating their frustrations
in their work
in religious communities
in the goal of a more whole black community
within black communities across the landscape
to do this—amongst ourselves, at times
means we bring fractured selves into all manner of relationships and that
we often abide sexism and heterosexism
rather than question their existence in the household of God
hear me now, we tolerate single issue politicians and pastors and academicians
who spew poison into african american life
and we think its milk and honey for soul salvation and we lap it
up—greedily
as we fail to recognize the death pangs that sear us
with each dribbling drop down our throats
we turn away from injustice and run for the sanctuary of the alleged holy
and fail to see the graves dug before us
until we find ourselves
our communities
falling in
as the dirt of judgment is mournfully
if not gleefully
tossed over us
as it commemorates the remarkable assault all of us can
launch against ourselves
and then have the audacity and the naivety to name it
righteousness
and black women are not the only ones in God’s creation who do this
we have all manner and manifestations of this emanating from the vast
cultural communities that mark our commonalities
the rolling eyes and kinky hair of the pickaninny is no longer
confined to black children—they mark each and everyone one of us
in the american social order and beyond
i will not rescue the killers
of dreams of a world better than this
of hopes that continue to pulse, however faintly, in the midst
of disaster and ruin
i will not rescue the killers
who create optional reading lists
that signal to me
that some actual or alleged scholars really believe
that there are optional bodies, cultures, lives, ideas,
hopes, realities
and secondary lists are little better
when they traffic yearnings and expectations as
ideologies and abstractions
i will not rescue the killer
who remains silent when the innocent are murdered
and it is called patriotism or cleansing or white male rage
or horizontal violence
when there is starvation on our streets
while there is more than enough food for everyone to eat
three squares a day and at least one snack
when children die unloved and unwanted and thrown away
and we shake our collective pious heads and shut the
doors of homes and our hearts
when money determines right and wrong
good and evil
unity and dissent
diversity and blandness
hope and despair
promise and lies
damnation and salvation
no, absolutely no, i will not rescue the killers
when the academy devolves into gigantic public holding pens
for creativity and intellect
in other words
for me and my house
growing Topsy while standing with others across differences
does not require that I
sacrifice my very soul
so that others may find comfort and ease in the macabre
spectacle of my self annihilation
or the obliteration of whole communities
Topsy as a womanist does not find it acceptable that I acquiesce to a least
common denominator justice
that is really no justice at all
she does not require that I check my passions
my insights
my communities
at the door to enter the hall of kumbaya
and if there is any wisdom that can come
from this black woman
on notions of solidarities and differences that are strong
enough, wise enough, and strong enough to go
toe-to-toe
with the fantastic hegemonic imagination
it is that
to engage in such work is absolutely dangerous
it may, in fact, not be good for one’s health at all
it can lead to heart and soul-ache
it can make us old before our time
it can make us eat and drink too much or too little
of all the unhealthy things
it can turn us bitter and sarcastic
it can make you ornery and mean
it can turn justice into vengeance
it can turn us into killers
but the danger does not stop here
it is dangerous because it means that we refuse the emotional
numbing panaceas
of acquisition and status and competitive spirit that does
not seek excellence, only winning
we pierce through the straw figure of a free market
and speak with increasing precision and accuracy about
the impact of transnationals
from agribusiness
to munitions
to clothing manufacturers
to western tastes and cultures passing themselves
off as neutral or the markers of progress
we become dangerous when
we speak the truth that the king is naked
when it comes to the U.S. prison industrial complex
when we question declarations of war that are soon
accompanied by massive bail outs for corporations that
even that bastion of progressive monetary policies, the
wall street journal, said “mainly padded corporate bottom
lines”
when we express confusion and dismay when terrorism is
used as the reason for a sharp cut in the capital gains tax
a tax in which 80 percent of the benefits would
go to the wealthiest 2 percent of the taxpayers
yes, this is a naked butt king
when it comes to public policy that is really the personal
agenda of moralizing rhetoricians
who are dangerous because they now hold elected office
and someone believed that they should bring us back to
the good old days
that were, for many of us, deadly days
when almost every piece of legislation we are told is good for us
is sold to us with one price tag (like medicare drug benefits
for the elderly)
and then we are told—as many predicted on the left and
the right that the costs would be more and strain the federal
budget more
but we are told—just trust us, we know we are
right
and then we find that a $400 billion price tag
over 10 years is now, weeks after the dust had
settled from the debate, is really a $530 billion
price tag
when we go to war based on claims about weapons of
mass destruction in Iraq based on “documentary evidence”
that was forged and doubted by CIA analysts from the
beginning
and each time any of us express doubt about this “evidence,”
we were branded as weak or unpatriotic
and now, months and deaths later, we detect federal
officials recasting their words as if they never knew that
the “evidence” could possibly be cooked
and that the president was not told the truth
and we should be glad we invaded Iraq anyway
because Saddam Hussein had to be removed
from power
and it should not matter, ultimately, that we were lied to
although most of us are taught that when you lie,
you should be exposed and punished
but the fact is that these lies went largely
unreported by U.S. domestic media that does a
dangerous dance against free speech with the
federal administration
no i am not here for the killers
when it comes to solidarity
which i assume is another way to say justice
i am not interested in them
except for how to decrease their numbers
and their power
i have no wish to be objective about their behavior, methods, ideologies, or
strategies
when i do the work of justice
it is with and as an advocate for the victims
actual
possible
imagined
of evil
it is subjective, it is emotional, it is passionate, it is very interested
and if i cannot find others who are interested and committed to this
then there is no solidarity
and our differences not only separate us
they make us adversaries
or enemies
in other words, for me, i do not assume solidarity
when i join others in the work of justice
solidarity is something that is nurtured and grown
in the yearning for and living out of justice
solidarity comes from hard work
listening
analyzing
questioning
rethinking
accepting
rejecting
it comes from a place of respecting and being respected
and that, i think, does not come easily or naturally for most of us
if it were so natural, then we wouldn’t be in the fix we are trying to get out of
for to respect others
means we must also respect ourselves
and centuries of inherited messages about inherent evil (with
a large measure of this brutalizing swill aimed at women)
pose a wall of judgment and condemnation
that is hard for many of us to scale
so as we seek to work together, we must always be working on ourselves

Tournament: ADA Nationals | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wake Forest Manchester-Shaw | Judge: Taylor
1NC

Sankofa ! - never forget where you came from My mom always said:

Sankofa! 

But in debate I’m always in opposition to my past- loose your accent,
The state? The state is always good
Slavery? Its over so get over it
Why does everything have to be about race?
Why cant you just implement a policy? Pretend!
Pretend? Why should I pretend when I have my own reality to face
Stuck in these four walls created by debate called: Topicality, Resolution, plan text and the state
But which one truly reflects me? 

Sankofa! - Never forget where you came from 

Six years debating and I forgot where I came from.
I forgot that when I left these four walls I still had to fight for my existence.
I still had to fight my voice so I could survive
I needed my agency and my culture?  My culture was my method of survival

Sankofa!- we must go back to our roots in order to move forward.
reach back and gather the best of what our past has to teach us, so that we can achieve our full potential
Whatever we have lost, forgotten, forgone or been stripped of, can be reclaimed, revived, preserved and perpetuated. 

Yeah we’ve come a long way but we definitely have a long way  to go.
Of course you can ole play because that role aint too far from your own
But me? see me I gotta strip myself of my skin and my soul to embody your role. 

I tried to do what yall wanted. I had my plan text and I had my state but in the end I was still that little black girl trying to fit in 

Sankofa!

Society is controlled by white supremacist capital patriarchy- it strengthens itself by functioning under the surface and exploiting difference. Discussing differences is the only way to create insulation from it because it is about more than just securitizing normative behaviors
hooks, distinguished professor of English at City College in New York, 92
(bell, Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992, “Eating the Other,” from “Black Looks: Race and Representation,” pages 21-22, da 10-10-13, http://www.scribd.com/doc/118302450/Eating-the-Other-bell-Hooks, mee)

This is theory’s acute dilemma: … revolutionary longings are ever fulfilled.

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that operates within the debate community to absolve culture
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice in … disable its vigorous affects.”7

Meagan and I advocate that dem feds and cousin obeezy should stop locking up them bodies.  The role of the ballot is to vote for the team that best performs a methodology that disrupts white supremacist capital patriarchy in this space

Liberal activist still screaming trust the state – but last time I checked Marissa Alexander was locked up when she went to the state, Condoleeza Rice took the blame for the Bush Doctrine, black women have always been overlooked and blamed – to go to the state is like asking the slave master for bondage all over again
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right about the … scrutinizing practice called critique.

Referring to indefinitely imprisoned bodies as “detainees” removes the reality of the situation and denies them “enemy combatant” status
Ahmad, clinical prof of law at Yale Law School, 9
(Muneer, I., 2009, “Resisting Guantánamo: Rights At The Brink of Dehumanization,” Northwestern University Law Review, Volume 103 No 4, page 1690, da 10-9-13, http://www.law.northwestern.edu/lawreview/v103/n4/1683/LR103n4Ahmad.pdf, mee)

Throughout this Article, I refer … describing them as prisoners.

Their use of these stories in order to call for the ballot is problematic- only a risk that his story is co-opted
Darling-Wolf, 98
(Fabienne, October 1998, “White bodies and feminist dilemmas: on the complexity of positionality,” Journal of Communication Inquiry, 22.4, p410., accessed Academic One File 9-22-13, mee)

If our position can render … over the impact of imperialism.

Nommo invokes a creative ability to restore agency through the usage of language – such an act is the basis for building a bridge through performative acts that creates a condition of possibility for all excluded perspectives
Clarke, Assistant Professor of Communication at Northwestern, 2004
(Lynn, studies rhetorical theory and its relationships to philosophy, "Talk About Talk: Promises, Risks, and a Proposition Out of Nommo", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol 18:4, accessed on 10/13/13, Ben)

Importantly, Yancy and … possible in and through speech.

Nommo preserved the ontological subjectivity of black bodies who survived the Middle Passage – our methodology is one that is essential to ontology and strategies that scream “NO!” in the face of white oppression
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012
(George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contrary to the white colonialist view, … during the African Holocaust.

Our strategy is one that depends on recognizing the temporality of linguistics, culture and collective memory is a critical part of our strategy that helps to reveal how all information informs our knowledge base
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contact situations are often catastrophic … without being aware of “now.”

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: Octas | Opponent: Rutgers-Newark Randall-Smith | Judge: Evans, Green, Murillo, Schultz, Weitz
Poem by Layli Phillips

i have been pondering them of late as i feel and think about the major transitions i am going through
that all of us are going through in some measure
with all the comings and leavings that are part of life and death
but i also think about them in relation to what they may have to say in
reminding me why i do what i do
and how
and in what ways
for me, to talk about standing with one another
to conjure solidarity across differences
to spark womanist wisdom on solidarity and differences
is, at first glance
(and i must admit on several glances looks mullings later)
to tempt the agony of the absurd
i feel as though i have been cast back in time
to that 60s cocktail party in which Ralph Ellison
the author of Invisible Man spoke in “clipped, deliberate syllables” to his peers
“Show me the poem, tell me the names of the opera/the
symphony that will stop one man from killing another
man and then maybe” he gestured toward the elegant
bejeweled assembly with his hand that held a cut-crystal
glass of scotch—“just maybe some of this can be justified.”
i am relieved to say that tempting the agony of the absurd
does not leave me in Ellison’s condemnatory despair
but it does leave me with a frustrated hope
a hope that is imbued with Jordan’s words
as they echo
“we do not sweat and summon our best in order to rescue
the killers”
there are days, in fact,
that i’ll be damned if i rescue any killer
or someone even approaching such a grotesque status
to work in solidarity with those who are like me
unlike me
or resemble me
does not demand or require that i save those who would see others dead or
annihilated
either through neglect
indifference
calculation
or theoethical musings
i will not rescue the killers
of dreams and visions of a world better than this
of hopes that continue to pulse, however faintly, in the midst
of disaster and ruin
i will not rescue the killers
who create optional reading lists
that signal to me
that some actual or alleged scholars really believe
that there are optional peoples, cultures, lives, ideas,
hopes, realities
and secondary lists are little better
when they traffic peoples’ yearnings and expectations as
ideologies and abstractions
i will not rescue the killer
who remains silent when the innocent are murdered
and it is called patriotism or cleansing or white male rage
or horizontal violence
when people starve on our streets
while there is more than enough food for everyone to eat
three squares a day and at least one snack
when children die unloved and unwanted and thrown away
and we shake our collective pious heads and shut the
doors of homes and our hearts
when money determines right and wrong
good and evil
unity and dissent
diversity and blandness
hope and despair
promise and lies
damnation and salvation
no, absolutely no, i will not rescue the killers
when the church functions like an efficient corporation
and numbers and spaces in parking lots and the joy of
multiple worship services
serve as the markers for spirit and love and
mercy and justice
hear me now, i will not rescue the killers
when the academy devolves into gigantic public holding pens
for creativity and intellect
in other words
for me and my house
growing Topsy while standing with others across differences
does not require that i be run over in a mad teleological drive toward a misbegotten
notion of solidarity
that i accept a specious deontological notion of a disinterested love
that asks me to sacrifice my very soul
so that others may find comfort and ease in the macabre
spectacle of my self annihilation
or the obliteration of whole peoples
Topsy as a womanist does not find it acceptable that i acquiesce to a least
common denominator justice
that is really no justice at all
she does not require that i check my passions
my insights
my communities
at the door to enter the hall of kumbaya
and if there is any wisdom that can come
from this black woman
on notions of solidarities and differences that are strong
enough, wise enough, and ornery enough to go
toe-to-toe
with the fantastic hegemonic imagination
it is that
to engage in such work is absolutely dangerous
it may, in fact, not be good for one’s health at all
it can lead to heart and soul-ache
it can make us old before our time
it can make us eat and drink too much or too little
of all the unhealthy things
it can turn us bitter and sarcastic
it can make you ornery and mean as a snake
it can turn justice into vengeance
it can turn us into killers
but the danger does not stop here
it is dangerous because it means that we refuse the emotional
numbing panaceas
of acquisition and status and competitive spirit that does
not seek excellence, only winning
we see through the straw figure of a free market
and speak with increasing precision and accuracy about
the impact of transnationals
from agribusiness
to munitions
to clothing manufacturers
to western tastes and cultures passing themselves
off as neutral or the markers of progress
we become dangerous when
we speak the truth that the king is naked
when it comes to the U.S. prison industrial complex
when we question declarations of war that are soon
accompanied by massive bail outs for corporations that
even that bastion of progressive monetary policies, the
wall street journal, said “mainly padded corporate bottom
lines”
when we express confusion and dismay when terrorism is
used as the reason for a sharp cut in the capital gains tax
a tax in which 80 percent of the benefits would
go to the wealthiest 2 percent of the taxpayers
when folk hide behind conveniently literal interpretations
of scripture that support their views
on homosexuality, abortion, the roles of women
and men, the place of clergy and laity, the
pillaging of the environment, and just about
anything else
except individual and corporate sinning in the
name of individualism and the alleged common
good
yes, this is a naked butt king
when it comes to public policy that is really the personal
agenda of moralizing rhetoricians
who are dangerous because they now hold elected office
and someone believed that they should bring us back to
the good old days
that were, for many of us, deadly days
when almost every piece of legislation we are told is good for us
is sold to us with one price tag (like medicare drug benefits
for the elderly)
and then we are told—as many predicted on the left and
the right that the costs would be more and strain the federal
budget more
but we are told—just trust us, we know we are
right
and then we find that a $400 billion price tag
over 10 years is now, weeks after the dust had
settled from the debate, is really a $530 billion
price tag24
when we are go to war based on claims about weapons of
mass destruction in Iraq based on “documentary evidence”
that was forged and doubted by CIA analysts from the
beginning
and each time any of us express doubt about this “evidence,”
we were branded as weak or unpatriotic
and now, months and deaths later, we hear and see federal
officials recasting their words as if they never knew that
the “evidence” could possibly be cooked
and that the president was not told the truth
and we should be glad we invaded Iraq anyway
because Saddam Hussein had to be removed
from power
and it should not matter, ultimately, that we were lied to
although most of us are taught that when you lie,
you should be exposed and punished
but the fact that these lies went largely
unreported by U.S. domestic media that does a
dangerous dance against free speech with the
federal administration
is like the dead skunk in the middle of
the road
stinking to high heaven
but we drive around it as if it
were not there
no i am not here for the killers
when it comes to solidarity
which i assume is another way to say justice
i am not interested in them
except for how to decrease their numbers
and their power
i have no wish to be objective about their behavior, methods, ideologies, or
strategies
when i do the work of justice
it is with and as an advocate for the victims
actual
possible
imagined
of evil
it is subjective, it is emotional, it is passionate, it is very interested
and if i cannot find others who are interested and committed to this
then there is no solidarity
and our differences not only separate us
they make us adversaries
or enemies
in other words, for me, i do not assume solidarity
when i join others in the work of justice
solidarity is something that is nurtured and grown
in the yearning for and living out of justice
solidarity comes from hard work
listening
hearing
analyzing
questioning
rethinking
accepting
rejecting
it comes from a place of respecting and being respected
and that, i think, does not come easily or naturally for most of us
if it were so natural, then we wouldn’t be in the fix we are trying to get out of
for to respect others
means we must also respect ourselves
and centuries of inherited messages about the inherent evil of humanity (with
a large measure of this brutalizing swill aimed at women)
pose a wall of judgment and condemnation
that is hard for many of us to scale
so as we seek to work together, we must always be working on ourselves
and perhaps this is where the comforting begins
as each of us has that dawning and then awakening in us
that the point is in some religious version of perfection
but that we live our humanity with passion and vigor—
regardless
that we live our lives in justice and hope and even love—
relentlessly
that we recognize that none of us has the corner on righteousness
that we are the ones we have been waiting for
and ultimately, there is no one to do this work for us
this, then, is the first light of empowerment
when we realize that we cannot do the work of justice
to end structural injustice
by individual acts of valor and conviction alone
they may help, to be sure
but tackling structural evil takes a whole bunch of folks
with varieties of skills and insights
because structures of domination rarely come in such pristine
forms as
circles
triangles
rectangles
or rhomboids
no, structures of domination are like demonic ink blots
they have cores
but the splatter marks are far and wide and absolutely
dangerous
and they can cause so much collateral damage
that they disfigure and maim
to speak of solidarity
to conjure standing anywhere together
is, then, to tempt the agony of the absurd
but frankly, i simply don’t know what else to do
and remain faithful
and although Jordan’s description of tinkering, daydreaming, revising, and
memorizing
does not sit well for this womanist ethicist
i do believe in strategizing, envisioning, challenging, debunking, and
transforming
but always with an eye to sharing and receiving the dignity
and gift of humanity and creation
this means that a solidarity seeking the status quo is not one i can embrace a
solidarity that teaches a studied silence that rewards blind, thought-less, clueless
obedience
and punishes vital curiosity
is not one that i can come near
a solidarity that only tolerates oppositional knowledge on playgrounds,
streets, homes, popular culture, youth groups
but never in board meetings, religious councils, strategy sessions
or in policy development or pulpits or curriculum revisions
is not a solidarity that is actually concerned about justice
and it does not deserve my time
but it does need to be watched, monitored, like a hawk
and if need be, be destroyed
whatever wisdom i have on solidarity and differences
has been crafted from the hard experiences
of learning over and over again
that just because folk espouse solidarity does not mean
they either know it or mean it
that there are many good works being done to bring in
justice
but that there is only one of me
and that i must, as each of us must
make some choices about who we stand in solidarity with
and how we will or will not deal with the differences
that can enrich us
challenge us
deny us
destroy us
but to remember also that we must not take so long to choose
that the choice gets made by our indecision or inaction
we may choose wisely or foolishly
but the point is that we develop the ability to recognize where
our actions are leading us
and where we have actually gone
and reformulate and assess on a continual basis
if we are truly working for justice or if we have fallen into
cooptation
or complicity
or betrayal
there are always options
i’ve learned this from the trickster tradition in my culture
but they cut both ways and sometimes even slice and dice
to move beyond the tight circle that we often seem caught in that is hollowed
out by conservatism and liberalism
means that we stop collapsing difference and diversity and
plurality
and all those terms we use to signal humanity and creation
is large
into such neat and pristine buzz words
and instead realize that
we will not always agree
there will be times of reasoned (and unreasoned) dissent
that we may not be able to work
together on everything or every issue
sometimes it is to recast
from our worldviews
the things we’ve learned through the years
but even as small children:
the police are not always your friend
it is not always wise to wait to cross at
a corner
or even to cross only at corners
in other words, there are few absolutes in life
and solidarities and differences are just as caught up in this
reality as episodes or steady diets of disaster and ruin
no, as i continue being a part of growing Topsy, i do not sweat and summon
whatever best there is in me to rescue the killers
but i do try to give all of who i am to the work for justice
and hang in there with others who recognize that solidarities
and differences are messy
and ultimatly human
and in some small way this marks our humanity
and turns the absurdities
into living, breathing, active hope

Interpretation: The aff should defend a topical policy proposal.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: Pittsburgh Budny-Woodford | Judge: Imes
1NC

Novice 101: H.I.T.S. (HITS) Harms, Inherency, Topicality, and Solvency this was the key to debate
Harms: Everything comes down to nuclear war and if it doesn’t then it’s obviously not a terminal impact.
Inherency: Is there a risk of war? No? Then it’s not important
Topicality: The resolution is there for a reason, follow it.
Solvency: The United States Federal Government should… and if it doesn’t begin that way then go back and start again
How can I be a successful debater? Have a plan text, be topical, win rounds, speak fast and be clear was all I was told.
 Debate was comfort zone my place of escape as long as I followed the rules.
I was arrested and didn’t even know it, captured without release.
Amazingly I was proud of it because I was winning rounds, I was getting speaker awards, oh yeah don’t forget that plan text
BUT that’s what it meant to be a good debater... Right ?
Debate was my prison and the resolution? The resolution was my cell.  I was stuck in a place that was supposed to be my comfort zone but now I was uncomfortable.
It had finally hit me. I had to defend the state!! But incremental changes are good, look at the civil rights movement…
The same state that took people from my country brought them here and made them slaves
The same state that looks down on me because I am a woman. I am expected to defend this state without my input, my story shared…
How were they supposed to defend me when they didn’t even know how I was affected?
I am A black woman, still oppressed, still silenced that’s what the state was doing but how would any of their policies do anything for me when they didn’t even know me
They had to know My story, My feelings, My thoughts and this is it

Their usage of Mohammed’s story in order to call for the ballot is problematic- only a risk that his story is co-opted
Darling-Wolf, 98
(Fabienne, October 1998, “White bodies and feminist dilemmas: on the complexity of positionality,” Journal of Communication Inquiry, 22.4, p410., accessed Academic One File 9-22-13, mee)

If our position can … over the impact of imperialism.

The affirmatives call for legal reformation is just a guise of leftist legalism – the affirmative results in cooptation, subjugation and a justification of continued exclusion and oppression
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right … scrutinizing practice called critique.

Society is controlled by white supremacist capital patriarchy- it strengthens itself by functioning under the surface and exploiting difference. Discussing differences is the only way to create insulation from it
hooks, distinguished professor of English at City College in New York, 92
(bell, Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992, “Eating the Other,” from “Black Looks: Race and Representation,” pages 21-22, da 10-10-13, http://www.scribd.com/doc/118302450/Eating-the-Other-bell-Hooks, mee)

This is theory’s acute … revolutionary longings are ever fulfilled.

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis in order to reconceptualize social relations. The role of the ballot is the vote for the team that best performs a methodology that alleviates social oppression

An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to … very framework of society.

The idea that they can change their affirmative based on hitting us is problematic- the logic behind this is that they know we are going to read black feminism. As black women Meagan and I cannot shift in that way- we are influenced by material oppression that prevents us from being able to engage in shifting the way that they can. Strategic changing of the aff is a reason why we are specifically marginalized in this debate. Not disclosing has become a practice in debate that is based off of anxiety towards different teams
Gaming justifies aff conditionality which is uniquely bad– you have to make sure that the arguments that you produce and advocate are consistent and ethical
Frank 2003 (David A., UO Forensics Program Director, “The Pedagogy and Politics of Solipsism,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate)
Some of us have actively … founders on a pedagogy of solipsism

Case

Cultural anxiety must be tolerated if the white racial equilibrium is to be disrupted, blindness is to be overcome and, racism is ever to be dealt with
DiAngelo, adjunct faculty in the college of Education at the University of Washington, 6
(Robin, , teaches classes in Multicultural Teaching, Intergroup dialogue facilitation, and cultural diversity and social justice, book: Inclusion in Urban Educational Environments, ch: “I’m leaving”, pgs. 214-118 AT)
Franken berg and … except in the most superficial ways.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wayne State Brundage-Schimmel | Judge: Shook
Novice 101: H.I.T.S. (HITS) Harms, Inherency, Topicality, and Solvency this was the key to debate
Harms: Everything comes down to nuclear war and if it doesn’t then it’s obviously not a terminal impact.
Inherency: Is there a risk of war? No? Then it’s not important
Topicality: The resolution is there for a reason, follow it.
Solvency: The United States Federal Government should… and if it doesn’t begin that way then go back and start again
How can I be a successful debater? Have a plan text, be topical, win rounds, speak fast and be clear was all I was told.
 Debate was comfort zone my place of escape as long as I followed the rules.
I was arrested and didn’t even know it, captured without release.
Amazingly I was proud of it because I was winning rounds, I was getting speaker awards, oh yeah don’t forget that plan text
BUT that’s what it meant to be a good debater... Right ?
Debate was my prison and the resolution? The resolution was my cell.  I was stuck in a place that was supposed to be my comfort zone but now I was uncomfortable.
It had finally hit me. I had to defend the state!! But incremental changes are good, look at the civil rights movement…
The same state that took people from my country brought them here and made them slaves
The same state that looks down on me because I am a woman. I am expected to defend this state without my input, my story shared…
How were they supposed to defend me when they didn’t even know how I was affected?
I am A black woman, still oppressed, still silenced that’s what the state was doing but how would any of their policies do anything for me when they didn’t even know me
They had to know My story, My feelings, My thoughts and this is it

The affirmatives call for legal reformation is just a guise of leftist legalism – the affirmative results in cooptation, subjugation and a justification of continued exclusion and oppression
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right about …scrutinizing practice called critique.

They talking about “War on Terror when we need to be talking about War on White Supremacy – it is the reason for the insidious international policy we have now – that garuntees they continue to allow for state sanctioned assassinations
Comissiong, educator, community activist, 2013
(Solomon, the host of the Your World News media collective, “The War on White Supremacy”, http://blackagendareport.com/content/war-white-supremacy, accessed on 10/16/13, Ben)

Much has been said … manifestation of that ideology.

The “protector” logic of the affirmative assumes an external aggressor – this logic allows for the perpetuation of securitized notions of hegemony that relegates alternative political perspectives to the margins in order to maintain its “patriarchal protectionist” nature
Young, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, 3
(Iris Marion, PhD from Pennsylvania State University, visiting professor at the G.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, Winter 2003, “Feminist Reactions to the Comteporary Secuirty Regime,” Hypatia, Feminist Philosophy and the Problem of Evil, Vol 18 No 1, pgs 223-231, accessed JSTOR 10-2-13, mee)

Much feminist theory and gender …, grateful for the protection afforded them.

Society is controlled by white supremacist capital patriarchy- it strengthens itself by functioning under the surface and exploiting difference. Discussing differences is the only way to create insulation from it
hooks, distinguished professor of English at City College in New York, 92
(bell, Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992, “Eating the Other,” from “Black Looks: Race and Representation,” pages 21-22, da 10-10-13, http://www.scribd.com/doc/118302450/Eating-the-Other-bell-Hooks, mee)

This is theory’s acute …revolutionary longings are ever fulfilled.

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis in order to reconceptualize social relations. The role of the ballot is to vote for the team that best alleviates social oppression
An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to … the very framework of society.

Case – Adv 1

Contemporary ‘terrorism’ discourse is used for moralistic purposes, instead of reporting the event it creates a self-fulfilling prophecy – moral and political obligation to avoid it.
Zulaika, UN Reno Center for Basque Studies director, 2009
(Joseba, Terrorism: The Self-Fulfilling Prophesy 17-20, ldg)

“President Abraham Lincoln … on terrorism discourse and rhetorics per se. 

Hypothetical future nuclear war claims ignore status quo structural violence
Abu-Jamal, 98
(Mumia, award-winning PA journalist, 9/19, http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html)

We live, equally immersed, … throughout the world. Gilligan, p. 196

Adv 2

The aff’s “proliferation metaphor” and stability predictions entail a normative commitment to racist power relations.
Biswas, Whitman politics professor, 2001
(Shampa, “Nuclear Apartheid” as Political Position: Race as a Postcolonial Resource?”, Alternatives, 26.4, project muse, ldg)

It is interesting here that … that serves this project.

Solvency

Changes to indefinite detention policies are an example of legalism- the government will shift their definitions in order to always exclude and oppress marked bodies. This leads to dynamic manipulation that rips ontology from beings and turns the case
Butler, American post-structuralist philosopher, 2004
(Judith, a professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature departments at the University of California, Berkeley, and is also the Hannah Arendt Professor of Philosophy at the European Graduate School, “Precarious Life: The Powers of Moutning and Violence” pp. 63-68, blh) 

We might, and should… if not fatally, politicized. 

Aff’s claims to solve for existence are a tool of imperialist white-supremacist capitalist patriarchy- turns the case because we cannot work within the framework of a patriarchal government without perpetuating mass deaths
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Indeed, radical feminist … that undermines their mental health.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 6 | Opponent: James Madison Cooper-Perez | Judge: Young
2NC

Aiight so yo, let’s talk for a minute. This game we play, this is something else. I remember when I first started debate. I remember talkin’ bout the government and I remember coming up with silly things for them to do that they would never hear and never actually do. I remember seein’ other teams doin’ other things, and I remember wanting to do that. I remember bein’ told that was cheating, I should just focus on the good ol’ USFG. Ha. I remember trying to do it anyway. I remember when I walked into a round and someone said that I was “Liberty’s Wilderson team.” Hahaha, playa, I ain’t neva read Wilderson in a debate round in mah life. Nice try though, everybody always thinkin all us black girls are the same. I remember a round we had when the judge decided to vote for the other team because he liked debate. Cool story bro. I like debate too, but it don’t like me. We gotsta introduce some culture to this place or we are never going to be able to change anything. 

Language shapes reality – Nommo is a critical linguistic technique to survive white oppression
Docta G, University Distinguished Professor Emerita, Department of English at Michigan State University, 2006
(Geneva Smitherman, , Co-Founder and Executive Committee, African American and African Studies, Core Faculty, African Studies Center, Founder and Advisor, My Brother’s Keeper Program _{"Word from the Mother: Language and African Americans", Routledge, accessed 10/14/13, Ben)}

Black or African … time ago and is still married.

Discussions of AAE are focused on a young, black, male as the informing figure from which we gather information – this view point furthers the marginalization of black women and suspends all possible liberatory power from AAE as a counter-hegemonic force
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

During the 1970s, research … with their race, gender, class and sexuality.5

The academy has distanced itself from alternative forms of communication in order to allows for cultural absorption – such a process simply erases other cultures
Docta G, University Distinguished Professor of English and Director of the African American Language and Literacy Program, 1995
(Geneva Smitherman, Co-Founder and Executive Committee, African American and African Studies, Core Faculty, African Studies Center, Founder and Advisor, My Brother’s Keeper Program, “Students’ Right to Their Own Language”: A Retorspective, The English Journal, Vol 84:1, accessed 10/13/13, Ben)

Let me remind you that … on the battlefield for days.

Targeted killing organizes an extreme and racist biopolitics of profiling and preemption by which brown bodies are designated terrorists and eliminated according to the whims of the state
Goh, Harvard University fellow, 6
(Irving, 2006, “Disagreeing Preemptive/Prohpylaxis: From Philip K. Dick to Jacques Ranciere,” Fast Capitalism 2. 1, accessed 10/15/13, http://www.uta.edu/huma/agger/fastcapitalism/2_1/goh.html, kns)

At present, the time …intention of killing" (Dick 1997:329).

The affirmatives attempt to just use our stylistic performance for their own advances parallel real world fungibility of black bodies – their “do both” claim still allows them to maintain their white perspective allowing them to distance and blur the marginalization
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

In the late 1960s, when … black person please stand up?

Debate is not about the ability for you to solve larger structural issues – the ballot operates according to a game and our use of Nommo and wordplay is critical to providing a better framework that allows for better interaction
Docta G, University Distinguished Professor Emerita, Department of English at Michigan State University, 2006
(Geneva Smitherman, , Co-Founder and Executive Committee, African American and African Studies, Core Faculty, African Studies Center, Founder and Advisor, My Brother’s Keeper Program _{"Word from the Mother: Language and African Americans", Routledge, accessed 10/14/13, Ben)}

The conception of “… hate the playa, hate the Game.”

The permutation is the Shifting face of Whiteness- their desire to steal what ours is the the way white supremacy shifts to disguise the oppression it perpetuates
Rodriguez 9
Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Volume 36, Issue 1, 2009

It thus is within the …project of white supremacist globality.

Case – Adv 1

Terrorist rhetoric generates more terrorism – 4 reasons
Kapitan et al., Northern Illinois philosophy professor, 2002
(Tomis, The Rhetoric of ‘Terrorism’ and Its Consequences Journal of Political and Military Summer, Questia, ldg)

The 'terrorist' rhetoric typified in … for these points.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 6 | Opponent: James Madison Cooper-Perez | Judge: Young
The United Sates Federal Government should substantially increase its statutory and/or judicial restrictions on the war powers authority of the president by one of the following: Targeted Killings , Indefinite Detention, entering into hostilities and cyber operations.
Lemme break down what they really tryna say
Take the power from the black man and give it to the white people because they gonna stop killing people…aint that a joke
tried to tell me that this is what I should talk about because “should” means enacting a legislation…
Oh I didn’t know it was Halloween and I was dressed up as Dianne Feinstein
Better yet when did you become senator Wyden?
Oh so you thought you had power and could stop them…yall tried that..
Now you see…here…we…go…again…
Another tournament…same ol’ tired songs,
Affirmative teams whining about something else being wrong,
Hahaha…I tell ya…here we go again…
I am tired…tired of listening to people talk about implementing policies,
Tired of listening to people talk about solving problems without seeing me,
Cause this debate space is trifling’…
its nothing new but still these political discussion still be just as stiflin’
For its in this space that we realize that dreams constantly be getting piped in’
Not skyped in, or Flava Flav Hyped in
Hahah…but enough about me and this “reality tv” experience…
Its time to focus on what we came to do…
There are three things you need to know…excuse me…cause actually I don’t care if you know them or not but there are three things that I came TO TELL you…

1) Debaters be like: Welcome to the debate community – a site of collusion
One that makes sure to always practice active exclusion
Every round we enter someone is screaming, “Trust the State”
When I hear it all I think is “Ha! That’s like setting my execution date”
But hey that’s the aculturalistic style of debate…
One that is made to interrogate, accumulate and exterminate my black body 

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that effects more than just the black/white binary and operates within the debate community as a cannibalistic entity
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice … disable its vigorous affects.”7

Dis performance is absolutely critical to disrupting power structures tryin ta rule over us. THEREFORE WE BELIEVE the The FEDS should stop watchin’ and snipin’ oppressed bodies.

Drone use creates technological distancing and a securitized dichotomy between the Self and Other—this leads to violent dehumanization.
Wall and Monahan, Assistant Professors at Eastern Kentucky University and Vanderbilt University, 2011
(Tyler and Torin, Ph.D. from ASU and Associate Editor of Surveillance and Society, “Surveillance and violence from afar: The politics of drones and liminal security-scapes,” SAGE, Online, pdf, Pages 239-240, Written in 2011, Accessed 08/08/2013, AJH)

 The corporeal politics of … and social control taken to the extreme.

The affirmatives attempt to create change through law allows for white cultural hegemony to fill in – this ensures a perpetuation of serial policy that ensures a continuation of the same flawed system
Ford, George E. Osborne Professor of Law at Stanford University, 2002
(Richard T., Reginald F. Lewis Fellow at Harvard Law School, a litigation associate with Morrison and Foerster, and a housing policy consultant for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Beyond ‘Difference’: A Reluctant Critique of Legal Identity Politics”, pp. 68-70, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

My critique thus … the conflict should be resolved.22

In politicized cultural spaces like the debate community – the way that we speak is necessary to be able to change the direction of politics – our linguistic approach is one that is critical to displacing white cultural hegemony
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012 (George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

This cultural space is thick, …watch the anguish of their mothers. ‘

Our strategy is one that depends on an intersectional approach – recognizing the temporality of linguistics, culture and collective memory is a critical part of our strategy that helps to reveal how all information informs our knowledge base
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contact situations are often …without being aware of “now.”

Case – Adv 1

Contemporary ‘terrorism’ discourse is used for moralistic purposes, instead of reporting the event it creates a self-fulfilling prophecy – moral and political obligation to avoid it.
Zulaika, UN Reno Center for Basque Studies director, 2009
(Joseba, Terrorism: The Self-Fulfilling Prophesy 17-20, ldg)

“President Abraham Lincoln … focus on terrorism discourse and rhetorics per se. 

Hypothetical future nuclear war claims ignore status quo structural violence
Abu-Jamal, 98
(Mumia, award-winning PA journalist, 9/19, http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html)

We live, equally …throughout the world. Gilligan, p. 196

 Adv 2

Anti-proliferation discourse obscures Western violence and masks the dangers of nuclear possession
Cohn et al., Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights director, 2005
(Carol, “The Relevance of Gender for Eliminating Weapons of Mass Destruction”, http://www.un.org/disarmament/education/wmdcommission/files/No38.pdf, DOA: 12-19-12, ldg)

“Proliferation” is not a mere …justify on rational security grounds.

This racialized exclusion makes genocide inevitable
Batur, Vassar sociology professor, 2007
(Pinar, Handbook of the The Soiology of Racial and Ethnic Relations, pg 446-7, ldg)

At the turn of the 20th century, … with dizzying frequency. The 21st century opened up with genocide, in Darfur.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Semis | Opponent: James Madison Lepp-Miller | Judge: Paqueo, Picardi, Young
1NC

The United Sates Federal Government should substantially increase its statutory and/or judicial restrictions on the war powers authority of the president by one of the following: Targeted Killings , Indefinite Detention, entering into hostilities and cyber operations.
Lemme break down what they really tryna say
Take the power from the black man and give it to the white people because they gonna stop killing people…aint that a joke
tried to tell me that this is what I should talk about because “should” means enacting a legislation…
Oh I didn’t know it was Halloween and I was dressed up as Dianne Feinstein
Better yet when did you become senator Wyden?
Oh so you thought you had power and could stop them…yall tried that..
Now you see…here…we…go…again…
Another tournament…same ol’ tired songs,
Affirmative teams whining about something else being wrong,
Hahaha…I tell ya…here we go again…
I am tired…tired of listening to people talk about implementing policies,
Tired of listening to people talk about solving problems without seeing me,
Cause this debate space is trifling’…
its nothing new but still these political discussion still be just as stiflin’
For its in this space that we realize that dreams constantly be getting piped in’
Not skyped in, or Flava Flav Hyped in
Hahah…but enough about me and this “reality tv” experience…
Its time to focus on what we came to do…
There are three things you need to know…excuse me…cause actually I don’t care if you know them or not but there are three things that I came TO TELL you…

1) Debaters be like: Welcome to the debate community – a site of collusion
One that makes sure to always practice active exclusion
Every round we enter someone is screaming, “Trust the State”
When I hear it all I think is “Ha! That’s like setting my execution date”
But hey that’s the aculturalistic style of debate…
One that is made to interrogate, accumulate and exterminate my black body 

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that effects more than just the black/white binary and operates within the debate community as a cannibalistic entity
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice … disable its vigorous affects.”7

Dis performance is absolutely critical to disrupting power structures tryin ta rule over us. THEREFORE WE BELIEVE the The FEDS should stop watchin’ and snipin’ oppressed bodies.

Drone use creates technological distancing and a securitized dichotomy between the Self and Other—this leads to violent dehumanization.
Wall and Monahan, Assistant Professors at Eastern Kentucky University and Vanderbilt University, 2011
(Tyler and Torin, Ph.D. from ASU and Associate Editor of Surveillance and Society, “Surveillance and violence from afar: The politics of drones and liminal security-scapes,” SAGE, Online, pdf, Pages 239-240, Written in 2011, Accessed 08/08/2013, AJH)

 The corporeal politics of … control taken to the extreme.

The affirmatives attempt to create change through law allows for white cultural hegemony to fill in – this ensures a perpetuation of serial policy that ensures a continuation of the same flawed system
Ford, George E. Osborne Professor of Law at Stanford University, 2002
(Richard T., Reginald F. Lewis Fellow at Harvard Law School, a litigation associate with Morrison and Foerster, and a housing policy consultant for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Beyond ‘Difference’: A Reluctant Critique of Legal Identity Politics”, pp. 68-70, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

My critique thus far … should be resolved.22

In politicized cultural spaces like the debate community – the way that we speak is necessary to be able to change the direction of politics – our linguistic approach is one that is critical to displacing white cultural hegemony
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012 (George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

This cultural space is thick, … watch the anguish of their mothers. ‘

Our strategy is one that depends on an intersectional approach – recognizing the temporality of linguistics, culture and collective memory is a critical part of our strategy that helps to reveal how all information informs our knowledge base
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contact situations are often … being aware of “now.”

We are constantly on the move using our language as an attempt to reshape culture – in this debate space we use our stylistic approach to resolve common debate practices
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

Bankey’s positioning of himself at …misdirected accusations of anti-intellectualism

1NC Case – Adv 1

Contemporary ‘terrorism’ discourse is used for moralistic purposes, instead of reporting the event it creates a self-fulfilling prophecy – moral and political obligation to avoid it.
Zulaika, UN Reno Center for Basque Studies director, 2009
(Joseba, Terrorism: The Self-Fulfilling Prophesy 17-20, ldg)

“President Abraham Lincoln … terrorism discourse and rhetorics per se. 

Hypothetical future nuclear war claims ignore status quo structural violence
Abu-Jamal, 98
(Mumia, award-winning PA journalist, 9/19, http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html)

We live, equally immersed, … throughout the world. Gilligan, p. 196

1NC Case Adv 2

Anti-proliferation discourse obscures Western violence and masks the dangers of nuclear possession
Cohn et al., Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights director, 2005
(Carol, “The Relevance of Gender for Eliminating Weapons of Mass Destruction”, http://www.un.org/disarmament/education/wmdcommission/files/No38.pdf, DOA: 12-19-12, ldg)

“Proliferation” is not a mere description … on rational security grounds.

1NC Case Solvency 

Shift already occurred
Turza, 10-3
(Nicholas, 10-2-13, “Who’s Piloting the Drones? Shifting CIA Drone Operations to the DOD”, DOA: 11-2-13, http://ncjolt.org/whos-piloting-the-drones-shifting-cia-drone-operations-to-the-dod/, llc)

That the President frequently …, and increase transparency.”

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Semis | Opponent: James Madison Lepp-Miller | Judge: Paqueo, Picardi, Young
2NC

Aiight so yo, let’s talk for a minute. This game we play, this is something else. I remember when I first started debate. I remember talkin’ bout the government and I remember coming up with silly things for them to do that they would never hear and never actually do. I remember seein’ other teams doin’ other things, and I remember wanting to do that. I remember bein’ told that was cheating, I should just focus on the good ol’ USFG. Ha. I remember trying to do it anyway. I remember when I walked into a round and someone said that I was “Liberty’s Wilderson team.” Hahaha, playa, I ain’t neva read Wilderson in a debate round in mah life. Nice try though, everybody always thinkin all us black girls are the same. I remember a round we had when the judge decided to vote for the other team because he liked debate. Cool story bro. I like debate too, but it don’t like me. We gotsta introduce some culture to this place or we are never going to be able to change anything. 

The academy has distanced itself from alternative forms of communication in order to allows for cultural absorption – such a process simply erases other cultures
Docta G, University Distinguished Professor of English and Director of the African American Language and Literacy Program, 1995
(Geneva Smitherman, Co-Founder and Executive Committee, African American and African Studies, Core Faculty, African Studies Center, Founder and Advisor, My Brother’s Keeper Program, “Students’ Right to Their Own Language”: A Retorspective, The English Journal, Vol 84:1, accessed 10/13/13, Ben)

Let me remind you that … been on the battlefield for days.

The affirmatives attempt to just use our stylistic performance for their own advances parallel real world fungibility of black bodies – their “do both” claim still allows them to maintain their white perspective allowing them to distance and blur the marginalization
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

In the late 1960s, … black person please stand up?

Debate is not about the ability for you to solve larger structural issues – the ballot operates according to a game and our use of Nommo and wordplay is critical to providing a better framework that allows for better interaction
Docta G, University Distinguished Professor Emerita, Department of English at Michigan State University, 2006
(Geneva Smitherman, , Co-Founder and Executive Committee, African American and African Studies, Core Faculty, African Studies Center, Founder and Advisor, My Brother’s Keeper Program _{"Word from the Mother: Language and African Americans", Routledge, accessed 10/14/13, Ben)}

The conception of “… playa, hate the Game.”

The permutation is the Shifting face of Whiteness- their desire to steal what ours is the the way white supremacy shifts to disguise the oppression it perpetuates
Rodriguez 9
Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Volume 36, Issue 1, 2009

It thus is within …white supremacist globality.

Drones allow for US intervention to continue without criticism from the public – disconnecting ourselves from the war makes the extension of US militarism acceptable and possible- the impact is gendered and racist violence
Barry, PhD, University of California, Berkeley, 12
(Kathleen, 5/14/12, “Drones or Boys and their Toys: The USA’s Latest Strategy for Unending War,” accessed 10/18/13, http://www.kathleenbarry.net/blog/, kns)

The work of the … open air places.

The “protector” logic of the affirmative assumes an external aggressor – this logic allows for the perpetuation of securitized notions of hegemony that relegates alternative political perspectives to the margins in order to maintain its “patriarchal protectionist” nature
Young, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, 3
(Iris Marion, PhD from Pennsylvania State University, visiting professor at the G.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, Winter 2003, “Feminist Reactions to the Comteporary Secuirty Regime,” Hypatia, Feminist Philosophy and the Problem of Evil, Vol 18 No 1, pgs 223-231, accessed JSTOR 10-2-13, mee)

Much feminist theory … the protection afforded them.

Nommo preserved the ontological subjectivity of black bodies who survived the Middle Passage – our methodology is one that is essential to ontology and strategies that scream “NO!” in the face of white oppression
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012
(George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contrary to the white … tongue during the African Holocaust.

Structural violence outweighs nuclear war
Hintjens, Wales Center for Development Studies lecturer, 2007
(Helen, “MDF Understanding Development Better”, http://udb.global-connections.nl/sites/udb.global-connections.nl/files/file/2923317.05120-20Position20Paper20Helen20Hintjens.pdf, DOA: 12-18-12, ldg)

From Johan Galtung, …inevitable”, p. 301 (Prontzos).

Tournament: D7qualifier | Round: 2 | Opponent: Rutgers-Newark Haughton-Stafford | Judge: Shook
Adapted poem by Layli Maparyan Phillips from "Introduction: The Womanist Reader" 2006

i have been pondering them of late as i feel and think about the major transitions i am going through
that all of us are going through in some measure
with all the comings and leavings that are part of life and death
but i also think about them in relation to what they may have to say in
reminding me why i do what i do
and how
and in what ways
for me, to talk about standing with one another
to conjure solidarity across differences
to spark womanist wisdom on solidarity and differences
is, at first glance
(and i must admit on several glances looks mullings later)
to tempt the agony of the absurd
i feel as though i have been cast back in time
to that 60s cocktail party in which Ralph Ellison
the author of Invisible Man spoke in “clipped, deliberate syllables” to his peers
“Show me the poem, tell me the names of the opera/the
symphony that will stop one man from killing another
man and then maybe” he gestured toward the elegant
bejeweled assembly with his hand that held a cut-crystal
glass of scotch—“just maybe some of this can be justified.”
i am relieved to say that tempting the agony of the absurd
does not leave me in Ellison’s condemnatory despair
but it does leave me with a frustrated hope
a hope that is imbued with Jordan’s words
as they echo
“we do not sweat and summon our best in order to rescue
the killers”
there are days, in fact,
that i’ll be damned if i rescue any killer
or someone even approaching such a grotesque status
to work in solidarity with those who are like me
unlike me
or resemble me
does not demand or require that i save those who would identify others dead or
annihilated
either through neglect
indifference
calculation
or theoethical musings
i will not rescue the killers
of dreams and visions of a world better than this
of hopes that continue to pulse, however faintly, in the midst
of disaster and ruin
i will not rescue the killers
who create optional reading lists
that signal to me
that some actual or alleged scholars really believe
that there are optional peoples, cultures, lives, ideas,
hopes, realities
and secondary lists are little better
when they traffic peoples’ yearnings and expectations as
ideologies and abstractions
i will not rescue the killer
who remains silent when the innocent are murdered
and it is called patriotism or cleansing or white male rage
or horizontal violence
when people starve on our streets
while there is more than enough food for everyone to eat
three squares a day and at least one snack
when children die unloved and unwanted and thrown away
and we shake our collective pious heads and shut the
doors of homes and our hearts
when money determines right and wrong
good and evil
unity and dissent
diversity and blandness
hope and despair
promise and lies
damnation and salvation
no, absolutely no, i will not rescue the killers
when the church functions like an efficient corporation
and numbers and spaces in parking lots and the joy of
multiple worship services
serve as the markers for spirit and love and
mercy and justice
hear me now, i will not rescue the killers
when the academy devolves into gigantic public holding pens
for creativity and intellect
in other words
for me and my house
growing Topsy while standing with others across differences
does not require that i be run over in a mad teleological drive toward a misbegotten
notion of solidarity
that i accept a specious deontological notion of a disinterested love
that asks me to sacrifice my very soul
so that others may find comfort and ease in the macabre
spectacle of my self annihilation
or the obliteration of whole peoples
Topsy as a womanist does not find it acceptable that i acquiesce to a least
common denominator justice
that is really no justice at all
she does not require that i check my passions
my insights
my communities
at the door to enter the hall of kumbaya
and if there is any wisdom that can come
from this black woman
on notions of solidarities and differences that are strong
enough, wise enough, and ornery enough to go
toe-to-toe
with the fantastic hegemonic imagination
it is that
to engage in such work is absolutely dangerous
it may, in fact, not be good for one’s health at all
it can lead to heart and soul-ache
it can make us old before our time
it can make us eat and drink too much or too little
of all the unhealthy things
it can turn us bitter and sarcastic
it can make you ornery and mean as a snake
it can turn justice into vengeance
it can turn us into killers
but the danger does not stop here
it is dangerous because it means that we refuse the emotional
numbing panaceas
of acquisition and status and competitive spirit that does
not seek excellence, only winning
we pierce through the straw figure of a free market
and speak with increasing precision and accuracy about
the impact of transnationals
from agribusiness
to munitions
to clothing manufacturers
to western tastes and cultures passing themselves
off as neutral or the markers of progress
we become dangerous when
we speak the truth that the king is naked
when it comes to the U.S. prison industrial complex
when we question declarations of war that are soon
accompanied by massive bail outs for corporations that
even that bastion of progressive monetary policies, the
wall street journal, said “mainly padded corporate bottom
lines”
when we express confusion and dismay when terrorism is
used as the reason for a sharp cut in the capital gains tax
a tax in which 80 percent of the benefits would
go to the wealthiest 2 percent of the taxpayers
when folk hide behind conveniently literal interpretations
of scripture that support their views
on homosexuality, abortion, the roles of women
and men, the place of clergy and laity, the
pillaging of the environment, and just about
anything else
except individual and corporate sinning in the
name of individualism and the alleged common
good
yes, this is a naked butt king
when it comes to public policy that is really the personal
agenda of moralizing rhetoricians
who are dangerous because they now hold elected office
and someone believed that they should bring us back to
the good old days
that were, for many of us, deadly days
when almost every piece of legislation we are told is good for us
is sold to us with one price tag (like medicare drug benefits
for the elderly)
and then we are told—as many predicted on the left and
the right that the costs would be more and strain the federal
budget more
but we are told—just trust us, we know we are
right
and then we find that a $400 billion price tag
over 10 years is now, weeks after the dust had
settled from the debate, is really a $530 billion
price tag24
when we are go to war based on claims about weapons of
mass destruction in Iraq based on “documentary evidence”
that was forged and doubted by CIA analysts from the
beginning
and each time any of us express doubt about this “evidence,”
we were branded as weak or unpatriotic
and now, months and deaths later, we detect federal
officials recasting their words as if they never knew that
the “evidence” could possibly be cooked
and that the president was not told the truth
and we should be glad we invaded Iraq anyway
because Saddam Hussein had to be removed
from power
and it should not matter, ultimately, that we were lied to
although most of us are taught that when you lie,
you should be exposed and punished
but the fact that these lies went largely
unreported by U.S. domestic media that does a
dangerous dance against free speech with the
federal administration
is like the dead skunk in the middle of
the road
stinking to high heaven
but we drive around it as if it
were not there
no i am not here for the killers
when it comes to solidarity
which i assume is another way to say justice
i am not interested in them
except for how to decrease their numbers
and their power
i have no wish to be objective about their behavior, methods, ideologies, or
strategies
when i do the work of justice
it is with and as an advocate for the victims
actual
possible
imagined
of evil
it is subjective, it is emotional, it is passionate, it is very interested
and if i cannot find others who are interested and committed to this
then there is no solidarity
and our differences not only separate us
they make us adversaries
or enemies
in other words, for me, i do not assume solidarity
when i join others in the work of justice
solidarity is something that is nurtured and grown
in the yearning for and living out of justice
solidarity comes from hard work
listening
analyzing
questioning
rethinking
accepting
rejecting
it comes from a place of respecting and being respected
and that, i think, does not come easily or naturally for most of us
if it were so natural, then we wouldn’t be in the fix we are trying to get out of
for to respect others
means we must also respect ourselves
and centuries of inherited messages about the inherent evil of humanity (with
a large measure of this brutalizing swill aimed at women)
pose a wall of judgment and condemnation
that is hard for many of us to scale
so as we seek to work together, we must always be working on ourselves
and perhaps this is where the comforting begins
as each of us has that dawning and then awakening in us
that the point is in some religious version of perfection
but that we live our humanity with passion and vigor—
regardless
that we live our lives in justice and hope and even love—
relentlessly
that we recognize that none of us has the corner on righteousness
that we are the ones we have been waiting for
and ultimately, there is no one to do this work for us
this, then, is the first light of empowerment
when we realize that we cannot do the work of justice
to end structural injustice
by individual acts of valor and conviction alone
they may help, to be sure
but tackling structural evil takes a whole bunch of folks
with varieties of skills and insights
because structures of domination rarely come in such pristine
forms as
circles
triangles
rectangles
or rhomboids
no, structures of domination are like demonic ink blots
they have cores
but the splatter marks are far and wide and absolutely
dangerous
and they can cause so much collateral damage
that they disfigure and maim
to speak of solidarity
to conjure standing anywhere together
is, then, to tempt the agony of the absurd
but frankly, i simply don’t know what else to do
and remain faithful
and although Jordan’s description of tinkering, daydreaming, revising, and
memorizing
does not sit well for this womanist ethicist
i do believe in strategizing, envisioning, challenging, debunking, and
transforming
but always with an eye to sharing and receiving the dignity
and gift of humanity and creation
this means that a solidarity seeking the status quo is not one i can embrace a
solidarity that teaches a studied silence that rewards thought-less, clueless
obedience
and punishes vital curiosity
is not one that i can come near
a solidarity that only tolerates oppositional knowledge on playgrounds,
streets, homes, popular culture, youth groups
but never in board meetings, religious councils, strategy sessions
or in policy development or pulpits or curriculum revisions
is not a solidarity that is actually concerned about justice
and it does not deserve my time
but it does need to be watched, monitored, like a hawk
and if need be, be destroyed
whatever wisdom i have on solidarity and differences
has been crafted from the hard experiences
of learning over and over again
that just because folk espouse solidarity does not mean
they either know it or mean it
that there are many good works being done to bring in
justice
but that there is only one of me
and that i must, as each of us must
make some choices about who we stand in solidarity with
and how we will or will not deal with the differences
that can enrich us
challenge us
deny us
destroy us
but to remember also that we must not take so long to choose
that the choice gets made by our indecision or inaction
we may choose wisely or foolishly
but the point is that we develop the ability to recognize where
our actions are leading us
and where we have actually gone
and reformulate and assess on a continual basis
if we are truly working for justice or if we have fallen into
cooptation
or complicity
or betrayal
there are always options
i’ve learned this from the trickster tradition in my culture
but they cut both ways and sometimes even slice and dice
to move beyond the tight circle that we often seem caught in that is hollowed
out by conservatism and liberalism
means that we stop collapsing difference and diversity and
plurality
and all those terms we use to signal humanity and creation
is large
into such neat and pristine buzz words
and instead realize that
we will not always agree
there will be times of reasoned (and unreasoned) dissent
that we may not be able to work
together on everything or every issue
sometimes it is to recast
from our worldviews
the things we’ve learned through the years
but even as small children:
the police are not always your friend
it is not always wise to wait to cross at
a corner
or even to cross only at corners
in other words, there are few absolutes in life
and solidarities and differences are just as caught up in this
reality as episodes or steady diets of disaster and ruin
no, as i continue being a part of growing Topsy, i do not sweat and summon
whatever best there is in me to rescue the killers
but i do try to give all of who i am to the work for justice
and hang in there with others who recognize that solidarities
and differences are messy
and ultimatly human
and in some small way this marks our humanity
and turns the absurdities
into living, breathing, active hope

Tournament: D7qualifier | Round: 4 | Opponent: Pittsburgh Budny-Woodford | Judge: Roberts
1NC

Sankofa ! - never forget where you came from My mom always said:

Sankofa! 

But in debate I’m always in opposition to my past- lose your accent,
The state? The state is always good
Slavery? Its over so get over it
Why does everything have to be about race?
Why cant you just implement a policy? Pretend!
Pretend? Why should I pretend when I have my own reality to face
Stuck in these four walls created by debate called: Topicality, Resolution, plan text and the state
But which one truly reflects me? 

Sankofa! - Never forget where you came from 

Six years debating and I forgot where I came from.
I forgot that when I left these four walls I still had to fight for my existence.
I still had to fight my voice so I could survive
I needed my agency and my culture?  My culture was my method of survival

Sankofa!- we must go back to our roots in order to move forward.
reach back and gather the best of what our past has to teach us, so that we can achieve our full potential
Whatever we have lost, forgotten, forgone or been stripped of, can be reclaimed, revived, preserved and perpetuated. 

Yeah we’ve come a long way but we definitely have a long way  to go.
Of course you can ole play because that role aint too far from your own
But me? see me I gotta strip myself of my skin and my soul to embody your role. 

I tried to do what yall wanted. I had my plan text and I had my state but in the end I was still that little black girl trying to fit in 

Sankofa!

Britni Danielle in 2013 writes
(writer for Clutch, author of “Turn it Loose,” 5-2-13, “Assata Shakur Becomes First Woman On FBI’s Most Wanted Terrorist List,” da 2-22-14, http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2013/05/assata-shakur-becomes-first-woman-on-fbis-most-wanted-terrorist-list/comment-page-2/, mee)

It looks like … decided to upgrade her status. 

Our use of Nommo in this specific case is better– The analogy of Assata is able to access the gratuitous focus of violence towards the black female body that underlies the affirmative – their affirmative offers lip service to gratuitous violence –their own author indicates that the conflation of domestic issues of anti-black violence and foreign policy perpetuates the logic of white coloniality
Sexton, Professor of African American Studies Program at University of Irvine, California and Lee, Professor of Geography at University of British Columbia, 2006
(Jared, Director of African American Studies, Elizabeth, former secretary of the English Association, "Figuring the Prison: Prerequisites of Torture at Abu Ghraib", Antipode, EBSCHO, accesesd on 02/22/14, BEN)

In the US, there … in the space of freedom.

The affirmatives justification of torture as a reason for an innocent verdict creates the condition of possibility that allows for torture to take place – turning the case
Farrell, Law Professor at Liverpool Law School, 2011
(Michelle, National University of Ireland EJ Phelan Postgraduate Fellowship in International Law and was based at the Irish Centre for Human Rights, "On Terror", http://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10379/2171/FarrellM_OnTorture_PhD2011.pdf?sequence=1, accessed on 02/22/14, BEN)

Žižek’s overall point … already under threat.441 

Liberal activist still screaming trust the state – but last time I checked Marissa Alexander was locked up when she went to the state, Condoleeza Rice took the blame for the Bush Doctrine, black women have always been overlooked and blamed – to go to the state is like asking the slave master for bondage all over again
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right … practice called critique.

The way we speak is all we got- its key to our knowledge production. Nommo is a counterlanguage that we aint got no choice but to use to help out
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Whether trying to … and her family in particular.

This is because society is controlled by white supremacist capital patriarchy- it strengthens itself by functioning under the surface and exploiting difference. Discussing differences is the only way to create insulation from it because it is about more than just securitizing normative behaviors
hooks, distinguished professor of English at City College in New York, 92
(bell, Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992, “Eating the Other,” from “Black Looks: Race and Representation,” pages 21-22, da 10-10-13, http://www.scribd.com/doc/118302450/Eating-the-Other-bell-Hooks, mee)

This is theory’s acute …longings are ever fulfilled.

We advocate that Joanne Chesimard ain't guilty and the feds should drop dem charges cuz she been criminalized. The role of the ballot is to vote for the team that best performs a methodology that disrupts white supremacist capital patriarchy in this space.

Nommo preserved the ontological subjectivity of black bodies who survived the Middle Passage – our methodology is one that is essential to ontology and strategies that scream “NO!” in the face of white oppression
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012
(George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contrary to the white … during the African Holocaust.

Tournament: D7qualifier | Round: 6 | Opponent: James Madison Miller-Bosley | Judge: Johnson
1NC

Heg has led to a decline in violence– your authors shortcut their scholarship towards convenient conclusions
Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology – Harvard, 11
(Steven, October 4, 2011, “The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined”, Viking Adult, 2/29/12, atl)

This book is about … human minds deal with changing circumstances.

International monopoly on violence has led to the rights revolutions– creating a deterrent against all forms of xenophobia – bringing out the best in human nature
Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology – Harvard, 11
Steven, September 27, 2011, “A History of Violence: Edge Master Class 2011”, http://edge.org/conversation/mc2011-history-violence-pinker, 10/21/11, atl

The final historical development … that have made it possible. 

Pinker’s scholarship is bullet-proof
Jervis, Stevenson Professor of International Politics – Columbia University, 11
(Robert, October 25, 2011, "Pinker the Prophet", Nov-December Issue of the National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/bookreview/pinker-the-prophet-6072, 2/29/12, atl)

The Better Angels of … we tell ourselves to justify our lives.

Aff reverses the US position of being an international savior of detainees- that decreases our preeminence and destroys global commons
Brzezinski, former national security advisor, 12
(Zbigniew, January/February 2012, “After America,” Foreign Policy, da 9-19-13, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,1, mee)

For if America falters, … slide into global turmoil.

Indefinite detention key to military effectiveness- kill vs capture assessment
Gerke, CNSL Fellow, 8
(Matthew, Center on National Security and the Law, 10-23-08, “The Silver Lining of Indefinite Detention,” Georgetown Law Security Law Commentary, da 9-1-13, http://www.securitylawbrief.com/commentary/2008/10/the-silver-lining-of-indefinite-detention.html, mee)

The debate over detention … they are willing to accept. 

Terrorists give up their rights
Goppel, University of Zurich Work and Research Centre for Ethics assistant researcher, 2013
(Anna, “Killing Terrorists: A Moral and Legal Analysis,” Ideen and Argumente, 2013, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, accessed 7/29/13, kns)

So far, the … preventive application of force.

Vote neg to reject the 1AC’s decrease in hegemonic power. That’s key to international stability- Global leadership encourages positive multilateral activity
Flournoy former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy of the United States, 12
(“Michèle and Dr. Janine Davidson is an Assistant Professor in the School of Public Policy at George Mason University, “A Plea for Smart, Forward U.S Military Engagemen”t, 7-10-12, http://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2012/07/10/a-plea-for-smart-forward-u-s-military-engagement/, accessed 8-4-12, srg)

The recent global … the future security environment. 

Heg key to sustain alliances-provides assurance.
Kagan, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2k
(Robert, “Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign and Defense Policy”, pg 15-16)

The United States also …appear at our doorstep. 

Alliances are vital to solving ever major problem
Biden, vice president and former chair of the foreign relations committee, 3
(Joe, “Remarks by Sen. Joseph Biden at the Release of "Progressive Internationalism", 10-30, http://www.dlc.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=106andsubid=122andcontentid=252157, ldg)

Simply put, this is … they're of no value. 

America is the best
Stratfor, 2011
(Global intelligence resource, "The Geopolitics of the United States, Part 1: The Inevitable Empire," 8-25-11, http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/20110824-geopolitics-united-states-part-1-inevitable-empire, accessed 9-10-11, mtf)

From a functional …its rivers naturally interconnects.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Houston Jackson-Sadoughi | Judge: Schultz
Sympathy by Paul Laurence Dunbar

I know what the caged bird feels, alas!
      When the sun is bright on the upland slopes;
    When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass,
    And the river flows like a stream of glass;
        When the first bird sings and the first bud opes,
    And the faint perfume from its chalice steals —
    I know what the caged bird feels!
    I know why the caged bird beats his wing
        Till its blood is red on the cruel bars;
    For he must fly back to his perch and cling
    When he fain would be on the bough a-swing;
        And a pain still throbs in the old, old scars
    And they pulse again with a keener sting —
    I know why he beats his wing!
    I know why the caged bird sings, ah me,
        When his wing is bruised and his bosom sore,—
    When he beats his bars and he would be free;
    It is not a carol of joy or glee,
        But a prayer that he sends from his heartand#39;s deep core,
    But a plea, that upward to Heaven he flings —
    I know why the caged bird sings! 

The aff perpetuates the rhetoric of crisis and security, and the aff impacts are based on incorrect linear scenario predictions. This leads to bureaucratic compartmentalization and faulty policy-analysis.  The impact is systematic otherization and militarized responses that culminate in war.
Ahmed, Institute for Policy Research and Development director, 2012
(Nafeez, “The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society”, Global Change, Peace and Security, 23.3, SAGE, ldg)

The twenty-first century … culminate in violent conflict.

The aff’s insistence on government control arises from the patriarchal drive for domination inherent to our political system
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Patriarchy is the single … patriarchal thinking through religion.

The logic of security is based on a desire to control that drives towards ontological certainty- their epistemology results in a static understanding of the self and politics, destroying personal agency in decision-making, reifying structural antagonisms, and culminating in limitless war and otherization
Burke, New South Wales IR professor, 7
(Anthony, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason”, Theory and Event, 10.2, project muse, ldg)

I see such a drive for … and violence? Will our thought?

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis. The role of the ballot in this round is to assess who best breaks down systems of oppression and Otherisation
An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to … the very framework of society.

Alt’s epistemology is key to changing the lens rather than trying to sharpen the focus
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 3-4, mee)

You can think of … groups composing U.S. society.

K Cites – 2NC

Aff’s claims to solve for existence are a tool of imperialist white-supremacist capitalist patriarchy- turns the case because we cannot work within the framework of a patriarchal government without perpetuating mass deaths
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Indeed, radical feminist … undermines their mental health.

White Supremacy has found its place in global society as the controlling force behind all forms of oppression by connecting and exploiting the existing differences that exist between us causing continued exclusion and disenfranchisement
Rabaka, Associate Professor of Africana Studies in the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, 2007 (Reiland, Affiliate Professor of Women and Gender Studies and a Research Fellow at the Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America (CSERA), August 4, “The Souls of White Folk: W.E.B. Du Bois’s Critique of White Supremacy and Contributions to Critical White Studies”, Journal of African American Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 1-15, pgs. 2-4)

Traditionally “white supremacy” … Winant 1994; Roediger 1994, 1999).

Flawed epistemology leads to serial policy failure- turns the aff and links to the perm
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, p. 5, mee)

I Second, having … and dehumanizing systems of oppression.

5. Only our epistemology solves
Collins, 2k
(Patricia Hill, “Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment,” page 19, accessed ebsco 2-13-12, mee)

In contrast, by identifying … the model, which is to say, herself” (1983, 8). 

The logic of security is central to political thought- the “War on Terror” has become limitless and reoriented all of humanity around an aspiration of securitization. Critical reflection is necessary to open space to dismantle the structure of security.
Calkivik, PhD, Philosophy, University of Minnesota, 10
(Emine Asli, “Dismantling Security,” October 2010, conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/99479/1/Calkivik_umn_0130E_11576.pdf, accessed 5/15/13, kns)

In January 2006, … a new ethics, a new politics?

Analysis changes our behavior by allowing us to see the connections between people
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, p. 13, mee)

We believe that …include as much as we would have like

Their impact claims are false- governmentality creates a market for problematizing policy AND that only fuel serial policy failure
Dillon and Reid, professor of politics, University of Lancaster, and Lecturer in International Relations, King’s College, 2000
(Michael and Julian, “Global Governance, Liberal Peace, and Complex Emergency,” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, January/March 2000, JSTOR, accessed 5/31/13, kns)

More specifically, where … (policy) problematized by it. 

Representations of Violence construct the political subject, making wars inevitable.
Campbell and Dillon, professor, international politics, University of Newcastle, Michael, professor, politics, University of Lancaster, 1993
(David, professional of international politics at the University of Newcastle,  Michael, professor  of politics at University of Lancaster,  “The end of philosophy and the end of international relations” in The Political Subject of Violence p.13-15) 

Yet, if we abandon … ‘its own constitutive identity’ (Shapiro).

The usage of narratives in a political space creates a moment of radical disruption that creates a community of resistance against social injustice
James Chair of Africana Studies at Williams College 2007
(Joy, and#34;Violations,and#34; Warfare in the American Homeland: Policing and Prison in a Penal Democracy, p. xi-xii)

The very project of … or public-relations briefings.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: James Madison Yim-Rodgers | Judge: Roberts
Obama working to close Guantanamo now
RTT News, 13
(“Obama Reaffirms Commitment To Close Guantanamo Bay In Meeting With Yemeni Leader,” 8-2-13, da 8-7-13, http://www.rttnews.com/2165005/obama-reaffirms-commitment-to-close-guantanamo-bay-in-meeting-with-yemeni-leader.aspx?type=gnandutm_source=googleandutm_campaign=sitemap, mee)

US President Barack Obama … a White House press release said.

Drone strikes trade off with indefinite detention
Koebler, US News reporter, 13
(Jason, “Obama: Administration Saw Drone Strikes as 'Cure-All' for Terrorism,” 5-23-13, da 8-7-13, http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/05/23/obama-administration-saw-drone-strikes-as-cure-all-for-terrorism, mee)

President Barack Obama … to kill people," Bellinger said.

Indefinite detention policies violates human rights
Hathaway et al, Yale Law School, 13
(Oona Hathaway is the Gerard C. and Bernice Latrobe Smith Professor of International Law, Yale Law School, Samuel Adelsberg, Spencer Amdur, and Freya Pitts are J.D. candidates at Yale Law School, Philip Levitz and Sirine Shebaya received their J.D.s from Yale Law School, “The Power To Detain: Detention of Terrorism Suspects After 9/11,” Yale Journal of International Law Review 123, Winter 2013, accessed l/n 8-8-13, mee)

Human rights law provides … detention of suspected terrorists.

Structural violence is the biggest impact
Köhler and Alcock, Computer Science professor and physicist, 76
(Gernot is a Sheridan College Professor of Computer Studies, and Norman is a physicist and founder of Canada’s first peace research institute, "An Empirical Table of Structural Violence," Journal of Peace Research Vol. 13, No. 4, p. 343-356, 1976, JSTOR, accessed 3-5-11, mtf)

Table II shows the … violence are presented in Table III.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: James Madison Yim-Rodgers | Judge: Roberts
Case – Solvency

Drone use creates technological distancing and a securitized dichotomy between the Self and Other—this leads to violent dehumanization.
Wall and Monahan, Assistant Professors at Eastern Kentucky University and Vanderbilt University, 2011
(Tyler and Torin, Ph.D. from ASU and Associate Editor of Surveillance and Society, “Surveillance and violence from afar: The politics of drones and liminal security-scapes,” SAGE, Online, pdf, Pages 239-240, Written in 2011, Accessed 08/08/2013, AJH)

 The corporeal politics … and social control taken to the extreme. 

Plan doesn’t result in more transparency – DoD control ensures more bureaucracy and less congressional oversight
Klaidman, National Political Correspondent for Newsweek, 13
(Daniel, 5-19, “Exclusive: No More Drones For CIA”, date accessed: 9-16-13, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/19/exclusive-no-more-drones-for-cia.html, LMM)

There are other important …John Brennan—is now in charge. 

Case – Modeling

Anti-proliferation discourse obscures Western violence and masks the dangers of nuclear possession
Cohn et al., Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights director, 2005
(Carol, “The Relevance of Gender for Eliminating Weapons of Mass Destruction”, http://www.un.org/disarmament/education/wmdcommission/files/No38.pdf, DOA: 12-19-12, ldg)

“Proliferation” is not a mere description … be difficult to justify on rational security grounds.

This racialized exclusion makes  genocide inevitable
Batur, Vassar sociology professor, 2007
(Pinar, Handbook of the The Soiology of Racial and Ethnic Relations, pg 446-7, ldg)

At the turn of the 20th century, … genocide, in Darfur.

No drone prolif- their ev misunderstands the international system- political costs, air defenses, expenses, deployment, retal all prevent
Singh, researcher at the Center for a New American Security, 12
(Joseph, 8-13-12, “Betting Against a Drone Arms Race,” da 9-14-13, http://nation.time.com/2012/08/13/betting-against-a-drone-arms-race/#ixzz2etdWwTG8, mee)

Bold predictions of … security risks associated with their use.

Their evidence describes temporary assertiveness-China won’t let conflicts escalate
Taipei Times 2012
(“China to return to peaceful rise: expert”, 4-22, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2012/04/22/2003530975, DOA: 9-15-12, ldg)

After seeing that its … the latest standoff with the Philippines. 

Case – Adv 2

No risk of war
 Agence France Presse - English, March 14, staff writer, 2005

Romulo said the joint … in the South China Sea. "

Contemporary ‘terrorism’ discourse is used for moralistic purposes, instead of reporting the event it creates a self-fulfilling prophecy – moral and political obligation to avoid it.
Zulaika, UN Reno Center for Basque Studies director, 2009
(Joseba, Terrorism: The Self-Fulfilling Prophesy 17-20, ldg)

“President Abraham Lincoln … on terrorism discourse and rhetorics per se

No blowback from drones
Plaw, University of Massachusetts assoc prof of poli sci, 12
(Avery, 11-14-12, “Drones Save Lives, American and Other,” da 9-15-13, http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/09/25/do-drone-attacks-do-more-harm-than-good/drone-strikes-save-lives-american-and-other, mee)

First, states have a … avoided, they must be minimized.

China solves Pakistan stability – close cooperation
Xinhua Net, 13
(“China to support Pakistan in realizing stability, better development: premier,” 5-23-13, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-05/23/c_132403944.htm, DOA: 9-21-13, ara)

The Chinese government … within its capability. 

Drones don’t increase recruitment- economic alt cause overwhelms aff solvency
Swift, Adjunct Prof of National Security Studies at Georgetown University, 12
(Christopher, previously served in the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, and a Fellow at the University of Virginia Law School’s Center for National Security Law, 7-5-12, “The D Rone Blowback Fallacy Strikes In Yemen Aren't Pushing People To Al-Qaeda,” da 9-14-13, http://www.yementimes.com/en/1587/opinion/1097/The-d-rone-blowback-fallacy-Strikes-in-Yemen-aren27t-pushing-people-to-Al-Qaeda.htm, mee)

Last month, I traveled to … about poverty and corruption.”

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: James Madison Yim-Rodgers | Judge: Roberts
The aff perpetuates the rhetoric of crisis, and the aff impacts are based on incorrect linear scenario predictions. This leads to bureaucratic compartmentalization and faulty policy-analysis.  The impact is systematic otherization and militarized responses that culminate in war.
Ahmed, Institute for Policy Research and Development director, 2012
(Nafeez, “The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society”, Global Change, Peace and Security, 23.3, SAGE, ldg)

The twenty-first century …can culminate in violent conflict.

The aff’s insistence on government control arises from the patriarchal drive for domination inherent to our political system
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Patriarchy is the single … patriarchal thinking through religion.

The logic of the aff is based on a desire to control that drives towards ontological certainty- their epistemology results in a static understanding of the self and politics, destroying personal agency in decision-making, reifying structural antagonisms, and culminating in limitless war and otherization
Burke, New South Wales IR professor, 7
(Anthony, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason”, Theory and Event, 10.2, project muse, ldg)

I see such a drive for … global rule of insecurity and violence? Will our thought?

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis. The role of the ballot in this round is to assess who best breaks down systems of oppression and Otherisation
An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to …very framework of society.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 5 | Opponent: Samford Bennie-Morrison-Alvarez | Judge: Schultz
I-Law

They don’t solve for warming- their I/L card is specific as why we need to create international agreements about this issue in order to solve 

Ignoring race to focus on environmental issues kills solvency and reentrenches white supremacy
Cone, Union Theological Seminary Distinguished prof of Systematic Theology, 99
(James H, "Risks of Faith", Pg(s)138, Accessed 8-4-12, soap)

The logic that led … another and nature.

No solvency for warming- socially structured hierarchies prevent
MANDELL Dir of the Champlain Valley Office of Economic Opportunity Fair Housing Project 8
Bekah-A.B., Vassar College, J.D., Boston College Law School, Father Rober Drinan Family Fund Public Interest Fellow; Racial Reification and Global Warming:  A Truly Inconvenient Truth; BOSTON COLLEGE THIRD WORLD LAW JOURNAL, Spring, 28 B.C. Third World L.J. 289

Scientists have warned … meaningful reductions in emissions.

Natural diseases will never evolve to killing the human race—200,000 years and natural selection prove
Posner, 2004
(Richard A., judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, lecturer in law at University of Chicago, Catastrophe: Risk and Response, 23-24)

Yet the fact that Homo … than smallpox ever was.

Democracy’s inherent desire is complete world control – eliminating difference to force all identities under one homogenous democratic society
Treaner 2006
Paul, PhD from Political Science at the Universiteit van Amserdam, Dutch social activist and multi-published author, Why democracy is wrong, http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/democracy.htmljap

Inherent in democracy … own foundational values.

Human rights promotion increases power without responsibility, thus exacerbating the problems it seeks to solve.
Laughland, 2002
(John—former lecturer at the Sorbonne and the Institute of Political Science in Paris.; Rethinking Human Rights: Critical Approaches to International Politics. Ed. David Chandler, 2002 pg. 38-39) ajc
This chapter claims … accordance with natural justice.

No risk of resource wars-giving ontological priority to conflict turns the AFF and retrenches North/South inequality.
Barnett, Melbourne resource management and geography reader and fellow, 2000
(Jon, “Destabilizing the environment–con?ict thesis”, Review of International Studies, JSTOR, ldg)

The prospect of war … is a resistance to change.

Water wars are based on flawed Malthusian reasoning- studies prove no war
Allouche 11, research fellow on water management at the Institute for Development Studies, 2011
(Jeremy, “The sustainability and resilience of global water and food systems: Political analysis of the interplay between security, resource scarcity, political systems and global trade”, Food Policy, Vol. 36 Supplement 1, p. S3-S8, January, accessed 10/17/12, SLC)

The question of resource … Adger, 2007; Kevane and Gray, 2008). 

The Affirmative’s reliance on universalist claims of human rights reeks of cultural imperialism and legitimizes coercive forms of intervention that are antithetical to the human rights project—a greater respect for localized, grassroots conception of human rights is vital
Mutua, 2002
(Makua--director of the Human Rights Center at SUNY-Buffalo Law School, Human Rights: A Political and Cultural Critique, 2002 pg.5-6) ajc

The failure of most universalists, … restructuring of the international order. 

No solvency- courts won’t enforce
Posner and Abebe, Professors of Law, 11
(Eric and Daniel, at the University of Chicago Law School, Spring, “The Flaws of Foreign Affairs Legalism”, Virginia Journal of International Law, 51 Va. J. Int'l L. 507, L/N) NJR

Foreign affairs legalists … tried to order state courts

Deterrence

No impact to drone prolif
Lewis, Ohio Northern University Law Professor, ‘11
(Michael W. “Unfounded drone fears” 10-17-11http:articles.latimes.com/2011/oct/17/opinion/la-oe--lewis-drones-20111017 accessed: 7-29-13 mlb)

 Myth 1: Drones will be a … unsuited to use by terrorist organizations. 

Anti-proliferation discourse obscures Western violence and masks the dangers of nuclear possession
Cohn et al., Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights director, 2005
(Carol, “The Relevance of Gender for Eliminating Weapons of Mass Destruction”, http://www.un.org/disarmament/education/wmdcommission/files/No38.pdf, DOA: 12-19-12, ldg)

“Proliferation” is not a mere … be difficult to justify on rational security grounds.

This racialized exclusion makes  genocide inevitable
Batur, Vassar sociology professor, 2007
(Pinar, Handbook of the The Soiology of Racial and Ethnic Relations, pg 446-7, ldg)

At the turn of the 20th … opened up with genocide, in Darfur.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 5 | Opponent: Samford Bennie-Morrison-Alvarez | Judge: Schultz
'somebody almost walked off with alla my stuff
not my poems or a dance I gave up in the street
but somebody almost walked off with alla my stuff
like a kleptomaniac working hard and forgettin while stealin
this is mine/this aint your  stuff/
now why don’t you put me back and let me hang out in my own self
somebody almost walked off wit alla my stuff
and didn’t care enuf to send a note home sayin
i was late for my solo conversation
or two sizes to small for my own tacky skirts
what can anybody do with something of no value on
a open market/ did you getta dime for my things/
hey man/ where are you goin with alla my stuff/
For Colored Girls Only

1NC

The aff perpetuates the rhetoric of crisis, and the aff impacts are based on incorrect linear scenario predictions. This leads to bureaucratic compartmentalization and faulty policy-analysis.  The impact is systematic otherization and militarized responses that culminate in war.
Ahmed, Institute for Policy Research and Development director, 2012
(Nafeez, “The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society”, Global Change, Peace and Security, 23.3, SAGE, ldg)

The twenty-first century … culminate in violent conflict.

The aff’s insistence on government control arises from the patriarchal drive for domination inherent to our political system
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Patriarchy is the single … thinking through religion.

The logic of the aff is based on a desire to control that drives towards ontological certainty- their epistemology results in a static understanding of the self and politics, destroying personal agency in decision-making, reifying structural antagonisms, and culminating in limitless war and otherization
Burke, New South Wales IR professor, 7
(Anthony, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason”, Theory and Event, 10.2, project muse, ldg)

I see such a drive for … insecurity and violence? Will our thought?

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis. The role of the ballot in this round is to assess who best breaks down systems of oppression and Otherisation
An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to … that form the very framework of society.

Tournament: JMU | Round: Octas | Opponent: George Washington Arsht-Stasaski | Judge: Shook, Taylor, Young
Novice 101: H.I.T.S. (HITS) Harms, Inherency, Topicality, and Solvency this was the key to debate
Harms: Everything comes down to nuclear war and if it doesn’t then it’s obviously not a terminal impact.
Inherency: Is there a risk of war? No? Then it’s not important
Topicality: The resolution is there for a reason, follow it.
Solvency: The United States Federal Government should… and if it doesn’t begin that way then go back and start again
How can I be a successful debater? Have a plan text, be topical, win rounds, speak fast and be clear was all I was told.
 Debate was comfort zone my place of escape as long as I followed the rules.
I was arrested and didn’t even know it, captured without release.
Amazingly I was proud of it because I was winning rounds, I was getting speaker awards, oh yeah don’t forget that plan text
BUT that’s what it meant to be a good debater... Right ?
Debate was my prison and the resolution? The resolution was my cell.  I was stuck in a place that was supposed to be my comfort zone but now I was uncomfortable.
It had finally hit me. I had to defend the state!! But incremental changes are good, look at the civil rights movement…
The same state that took people from my country brought them here and made them slaves
The same state that looks down on me because I am a woman. I am expected to defend this state without my input, my story shared…
How were they supposed to defend me when they didn’t even know how I was affected?
I am A black woman, still oppressed, still silenced that’s what the state was doing but how would any of their policies do anything for me when they didn’t even know me
They had to know My story, My feelings, My thoughts and this is it

Obama’s alignment with indefinite imprisonment ensures a legalized extermination of marked bodies
Ford, political analyst, 11
(Glen, Black Agenda Respond executive editor, journalist, “The Racist Roots of Obama’s Preventive Detention,(Imprisonment) ” 2011, http://blackagendareport.com/content/racist-roots-obamaE28099s-preventive-detention, accessed 08/05/2013, blh)

It should have been … how they will lose those freedoms.

State promises of protection against violence and rights violations are a protection racket.  They simulate roles of a masculine protector and a feminine protectee all while strengthening the state—the source of the threat--masking the structural violence that state authority is based upon.  
Peterson 92
(V. Spike: prof of political science at the U of Arizona, Gendered States, ed: Peterson, p. 49-52) 

We can employ the …, and capitalist economics.  

Referring to indefinitely imprisoned bodies as “detainees” removes the reality of the situation
Ahmad, clinical prof of law at Yale Law School, 9
(Muneer, I., 2009, “Resisting Guantánamo: Rights At The Brink of Dehumanization,” Northwestern University Law Review, Volume 103 No 4, page 1690, da 10-9-13, http://www.law.northwestern.edu/lawreview/v103/n4/1683/LR103n4Ahmad.pdf, mee)

Throughout this Article, I … by describing them as prisoners.

The affirmatives call for legal reformation is just a guise of leftist legalism – the affirmative results in cooptation, subjugation and a justification of continued exclusion and oppression
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right about … scrutinizing practice called critique.

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis in order to re-conceptualize social relations. The role of the ballot in this round is to vote for whoever best performs a methodology that alleviates social oppression

An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to … the very framework of society.

Case – 1NC

The affirmatives attempt to construct political strategies for all people fails to take into consideration the unique subject position of black bodies – their view from nowhere dooms the affs political project and turns the case
Yancy, Professor at Duquense University, 2005
(George, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body”, Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol. 19, No. 4, Project Muse, retrieved April 15, 2010) blh

I write out of a personal … along a scale of human value. (Snead 1994, 4).

The affirmative use of law as a guiding standard fails to understand law’s dependence on culture – the affirmative re-inscribes the normative culture of exclusion it attempts to alleviate
Ford, George E. Osborne Professor of Law at Stanford University, 2002
(Richard T., Reginald F. Lewis Fellow at Harvard Law School, a litigation associate with Morrison and Foerster, and a housing policy consultant for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Beyond ‘Difference’: A Reluctant Critique of Legal Identity Politics”, pp. 68-70, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

My critique thus far … conflict should be resolved.22

Their epistemology tries to just sharpen the focus when we need to change the lens
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 3-4, mee)

You can think of this … composing U.S. society.

Tournament: JMU | Round: Octas | Opponent: George Washington Arsht-Stasaski | Judge: Shook, Taylor, Young
“At a time in American history when black women in every area of the country might have joined together to demand social equality for women and a recognition of the impact of sexism on our social status, we were by and large silent. Our silence was not merely a reaction against white women liberationists or a gesture of solidarity with black male patriarchs. It was the silence of the oppressed- that profound silence engendered by resignation and acceptance of one’s lot. Contemporary black women could not join together to fight for women’s rights because we did not see “womanhood” as an important aspect of our identity. Racist, sexist socialization had to devalue our femaleness and regard race as the only relevant label of identification. In other words, we were asked to deny a part of ourselves- and we did. Consequently, when the women’s movement raised the issue of sexist oppression, we argued that sexism was insignificant in light of the harsher, more brutal reality of racism. We were afraid to acknowledge that sexism could be just as oppressive as racism. We clung to the hope that liberation from racial oppression would be all that was necessary for us to be free. We were a new generation of black women who had been taught to submit, to accept sexual inferiority, and to be silent.” bell hooks “Ain’t I A Woman” 

Agambens conception of biopolitics is based on removing the refugee that give the state power- Our form of politics is one examines the historicity of black female oppression that is necessary in order to understand and solve for biopolitics
Sexton, 10
(Jared, Associate Professor of African American Studies at UC, Irvine, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, Comparative Ethnic Studies, "People of Color-blindness Notes on the Afterlife of slavery", Ebsco, accessed 8-15-11, AT)

However, if for Agamben the … the humane and the tolerable.12 

The refugee disarticulates the nation state and exposes the fiction of sovereignty that makes possible reproduction and property in the name of race
Sexton, 10
(Jared, Associate Professor of African American Studies at UC, Irvine, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, Comparative Ethnic Studies, "People of Color-blindness Notes on the Afterlife of slavery", Ebsco, accessed 8-15-11, AT)

In Means without End, … administration of the absence of order.5

Racial slavery was the first instance of biopolitical control at the heart of sovereignty- violence will inevitably continue without recognizing the starting point of identity formation
Mbembe, 2003
(Achille, philosopher and political scientist, Ph.D. in History at the University of Sorbonne, member of the WISER Institute in South Africa, “Necropolitics”, http://www.jhfc.duke.edu/icuss/pdfs/Mbembe.pdf, accessed 8-23-11, AT)
The aim of this … death: the terror of the Holocaust. 54
Flawed epistemology leads to serial policy failure- turns the aff and links to the perm
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, p. 5, mee)

I Second, having misleading … dehumanizing systems of oppression.

K – 1NR

Guantánamo has been reduced to allegory- conceptualizing those imprisoned as prisoners rather than detainees key to understanding their humanity and stopping erasure of bodies
Ahmad, clinical prof of law at Yale Law School, 9
(Muneer, I., 2009, “Resisting Guantánamo: Rights At The Brink of Dehumanization,” Northwestern University Law Review, Volume 103 No 4, pages 1689-1690, da 10-9-13, http://www.law.northwestern.edu/lawreview/v103/n4/1683/LR103n4Ahmad.pdf, mee)

Throughout the Article, …humanity of the Guantánamo prisoners.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 2 | Opponent: James Madison Lepp-Miller | Judge: Sciullo
“At a time in American history when black women in every area of the country might have joined together to demand social equality for women and a recognition of the impact of sexism on our social status, we were by and large silent. Our silence was not merely a reaction against white women liberationists or a gesture of solidarity with black male patriarchs. It was the silence of the oppressed- that profound silence engendered by resignation and acceptance of one’s lot. Contemporary black women could not join together to fight for women’s rights because we did not see “womanhood” as an important aspect of our identity. Racist, sexist socialization had to devalue our femaleness and regard race as the only relevant label of identification. In other words, we were asked to deny a part of ourselves- and we did. Consequently, when the women’s movement raised the issue of sexist oppression, we argued that sexism was insignificant in light of the harsher, more brutal reality of racism. We were afraid to acknowledge that sexism could be just as oppressive as racism. We clung to the hope that liberation from racial oppression would be all that was necessary for us to be free. We were a new generation of black women who had been taught to submit, to accept sexual inferiority, and to be silent.” bell hooks “Ain’t I A Woman” 

White Supremacy has found its place in global society as the controlling force behind all forms of oppression by connecting and exploiting the existing differences that exist between us causing continued exclusion and disenfranchisement
Rabaka, Assoc Prof of Africana Studies in the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, 7
(Reiland, Affiliate Professor of Women and Gender Studies and a Research Fellow at the Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America (CSERA), August 4, “The Souls of White Folk: W.E.B. Du Bois’s Critique of White Supremacy and Contributions to Critical White Studies”, Journal of African American Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 1-15, pgs. 2-4, 2007)

Traditionally “white supremacy” has …Omi and Winant 1994; Roediger 1994, 1999).

The K is a disad to their framework- their interpretation sustains dominant and exclusionary ideologies
Jones, University of London International Relations lecturer, 2009
(Lee, “International Relations scholarship and the tyranny of ‘policy relevance’,”  Journal of Critical Globalisation Studies Issue 1, http://criticalglobalisation.com/Issue201/125_131_JCGS1_JONES_TYRANNYPOLICYRELEVANCE.pdf, ldg)

Having conceded where Nye … for Security Assistance, Science, and Technology. 

Aff’s claims to solve for existence are a tool of imperialist white-supremacist capitalist patriarchy- turns the case because we cannot work within the framework of a patriarchal government without perpetuating mass deaths
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Indeed, radical feminist critique … undermines their mental health.

Fiat doesn’t exist- focus on education is key- that was above
AND The usage of narratives is a prerequisite to policy – instead of taking narratives out of policy making we should refocus discussion around excluded perspectives and voices
McDonough, associate professor at the Heller School at Brandeis University, 2006 (John E., and former health committee chairman in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Using and Misusing Anecdote in Policy Making, Narrative Matters, pg 9-12 http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/20/1/207.pdf)

Why is narrative so central … intelligent consumers of stories.

Without our approach, white supremacy is allowed to continue- this leads to reinvention of racial subjection and state violence which turns case
Rodriguez 9
Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Volume 36, Issue 1, 2009

It thus is within the …oject of white supremacist globality.

Flawed epistemology leads to serial policy failure- turns the aff and links to the perm
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, p. 5, mee)

I Second, having misleading …dehumanizing systems of oppression.

The “protector” logic of the affirmative assumes an external aggressor – this logic allows for the perpetuation of securitized notions of hegemony that relegates alternative political perspectives to the margins in order to maintain its “patriarchal protectionist” nature
Young, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, 3
(Iris Marion, PhD from Pennsylvania State University, visiting professor at the G.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, Winter 2003, “Feminist Reactions to the Comteporary Secuirty Regime,” Hypatia, Feminist Philosophy and the Problem of Evil, Vol 18 No 1, pgs 223-231, accessed JSTOR 10-2-13, mee)

Much feminist theory and …, grateful for the protection afforded them.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 2 | Opponent: James Madison Lepp-Miller | Judge: Sciullo
Novice 101: H.I.T.S. (HITS) Harms, Inherency, Topicality, and Solvency this was the key to debate
Harms: Everything comes down to nuclear war and if it doesn’t then it’s obviously not a terminal impact.
Inherency: Is there a risk of war? No? Then it’s not important
Topicality: The resolution is there for a reason, follow it.
Solvency: The United States Federal Government should… and if it doesn’t begin that way then go back and start again
How can I be a successful debater? Have a plan text, be topical, win rounds, speak fast and be clear was all I was told.
 Debate was comfort zone my place of escape as long as I followed the rules.
I was arrested and didn’t even know it, captured without release.
Amazingly I was proud of it because I was winning rounds, I was getting speaker awards, oh yeah don’t forget that plan text
BUT that’s what it meant to be a good debater... Right ?
Debate was my prison and the resolution? The resolution was my cell.  I was stuck in a place that was supposed to be my comfort zone but now I was uncomfortable.
It had finally hit me. I had to defend the state!! But incremental changes are good, look at the civil rights movement…
The same state that took people from my country brought them here and made them slaves
The same state that looks down on me because I am a woman. I am expected to defend this state without my input, my story shared…
How were they supposed to defend me when they didn’t even know how I was affected?
I am A black woman, still oppressed, still silenced that’s what the state was doing but how would any of their policies do anything for me when they didn’t even know me
They had to know My story, My feelings, My thoughts and this is it

The state is a patriarchal institution- the aff’s insistence on government control arises from the patriarchal drive for domination inherent to our political system
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Patriarchy is the single … patriarchal thinking through religion.

Society is controlled by white supremacist capital patriarchy- it strengthens itself by functioning under the surface and exploiting difference. Discussing differences is the only way to create insulation from it
hooks, distinguished professor of English at City College in New York, 92
(bell, Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992, “Eating the Other,” from “Black Looks: Race and Representation,” pages 21-22, da 10-10-13, http://www.scribd.com/doc/118302450/Eating-the-Other-bell-Hooks, mee)

This is theory’s acute … revolutionary longings are ever fulfilled.

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis in order to re conceptualize social relations. The role of the ballot is to assess who best performs a methodology that alleviates social oppression

An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to … form the very framework of society.

The deployment of disenfranchised voices refigures speech as a political project which radicalizes academic spaces like debate into communities of resistance
James, Chair of Africana Studies at Williams College, 2007 (Joy, , "Violations," Warfare in the American Homeland: Policing and Prison in a Penal Democracy, p. xi-xii)

Containment, police powers, …, or public-relations briefings.

Advantage 1

1. Contemporary ‘terrorism’ discourse is used for moralistic purposes, instead of reporting the event it creates a self-fulfilling prophecy – moral and political obligation to avoid it.
   Zulaika, UN Reno Center for Basque Studies director, 2009
   (Joseba, Terrorism: The Self-Fulfilling Prophesy 17-20, ldg)

“President Abraham Lincoln was shot … terrorism discourse and rhetorics per se. 

2. No blowback from drones
Plaw, University of Massachusetts assoc prof of poli sci, 12
(Avery, 11-14-12, “Drones Save Lives, American and Other,” da 9-15-13, http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/09/25/do-drone-attacks-do-more-harm-than-good/drone-strikes-save-lives-american-and-other, mee)

First, states have a primary …, they must be minimized.

3. Nuclear war doesn’t cause extinction- bad physics
Seitz, Harvard University Center for International Affairs visiting scholar, 6
(Russell, "The' Nuclear Winter ' Meltdown; Photoshopping the Apocalypse," adamant.typepad.com/seitz/2006/12/preherein_honor.html, accessed 9-25-11, mss)

The recent winter … to a new generation of  X-Box.

4. Economic threat predictions will cause the US to manipulate regimes in a non-democratic fashion-causes more instability and kills millions
Neocleous, Brunel government professor, 2008
(Mark, Critique of Security, pg 95-7, ldg)

In other words, the new …to liberty of the security strategy proposed.

5. Decline doesn’t cause war
Miller, Professor of Administration @ the University of Ottawa, 10
(Morris, Interdisciplinary Science Review, v 25 n4 2000 p ingenta connect, d/a 9-26-11,zml)

The question may be … violence to abort another).

Advantage 2

Don’t read a card that says china will model the US - Other countries won’t model the plans shift
Saunders, executive director of The Center for the National Interest, 13
(Paul J., associate publisher of The National Interest, 3-4-13, “We Won't Always Drone Alone,” National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/we-wont-always-drone-alone-8177, mee)

That said, the United States … in the administration’s use of drones.

No drone prolif- their ev misunderstands the international system- political costs, air defenses, expenses, deployment, retal all prevent
Singh, researcher at the Center for a New American Security, 12
(Joseph, 8-13-12, “Betting Against a Drone Arms Race,” da 9-14-13, http://nation.time.com/2012/08/13/betting-against-a-drone-arms-race/#ixzz2etdWwTG8, mee)

Bold predictions of a coming … and security risks associated with their use.

Anti-proliferation discourse obscures Western violence and masks the dangers of nuclear possession
Cohn et al., Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights director, 2005
(Carol, “The Relevance of Gender for Eliminating Weapons of Mass Destruction”, http://www.un.org/disarmament/education/wmdcommission/files/No38.pdf, DOA: 12-19-12, ldg)

“Proliferation” is not a mere … justify on rational security grounds.

Proliferation constructs the world in imperialist and Orientalist terms—this condemns the global South to violent intervention and discipline.  The 1AC is part of a process of knowledge-creation that restricts our understanding of proliferation to Western ideology.
Behnke, Towson political science professor, 2000
(Andreas, “Inscriptions of the Imperial Order”, International Journal of Peace Studies, 5.1, http://www.gmu.edu/academic/ijps/vol5_1/behnke.htm, DOA: 12-20-12, ldg)

David Mutimer (1997) has argued that … with an other it is unwilling to listen to. 

SCS de-escalation now- China and regional economics
Associated Press, 2012
(September 21, "China Sidesteps South China Sea Island Disputes," bigstory.ap.org/article/china-sidesteps-south-china-sea-island-disputes, d/a 12-21-12, ads)

China has sought … diplomatic crises simultaneously.

Solvency

Aff doesn’t solve
Bennett, Managing Editor of Lawfare, 13
(Wells, Fellow in National Security Law at the Brookings Institution, 4-21, “Exactly what Targeted Killing Duties Are Shifting From CIA to DoD?”, date accessed: 9-16-13, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/03/exactly-what-targeted-killing-duties-are-shifting-from-cia-to-dod/, LMM)

Lawfarers are by now … transition really will look like.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 2 | Opponent: James Madison Lepp-Miller | Judge: Sciullo
The executive branch and DOD will always find loopholes through legalisms means their impact is inevitable –indefinite detention is an example
Butler, American post-structuralist philosopher, 2004 (Judith, a professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature departments at the University of California, Berkeley, and is also the Hannah Arendt Professor of Philosophy at the European Graduate School, “Precarious Life: The Powers of Moutning and Violence” pp. 63-68, blh) 

We might, and should, … one's situation is highly, if not fatally, politicized. 

Discourse comes first- their linguistic decisions translate into actual forms of violence.  
Roland Bleiker, Senior Lecturer and Coordinator of the Peace and Conflict Studies Program at the University of Queensland, 2000
(“Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics”). 

Language penetrates all … human agency.

No Chinese aggression- political constraints
Erickson and Strange, assoc prof and researcher at Naval War College, 13
(Andrew, associate professor at the Naval War College and an Associate in Research at Harvard University's Fairbank Centre, and Austin, researcher at the Naval War College's China Maritime Studies Institute, May 29, 2013, “China has drones. Now how will it use them?,” Foreign Affairs, McClatchy-Tribune, da 9-14-13, http://www.nationmultimedia.com/opinion/China-has-drones-Now-how-will-it-use-them-30207095.html, mee)

Indeed, the time to fret … mind with its own drone programme.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgia Li-White | Judge: Spiker
“At a time in American history when black women in every area of the country might have joined together to demand social equality for women and a recognition of the impact of sexism on our social status, we were by and large silent. Our silence was not merely a reaction against white women liberationists or a gesture of solidarity with black male patriarchs. It was the silence of the oppressed- that profound silence engendered by resignation and acceptance of one’s lot. Contemporary black women could not join together to fight for women’s rights because we did not see “womanhood” as an important aspect of our identity. Racist, sexist socialization had to devalue our femaleness and regard race as the only relevant label of identification. In other words, we were asked to deny a part of ourselves- and we did. Consequently, when the women’s movement raised the issue of sexist oppression, we argued that sexism was insignificant in light of the harsher, more brutal reality of racism. We were afraid to acknowledge that sexism could be just as oppressive as racism. We clung to the hope that liberation from racial oppression would be all that was necessary for us to be free. We were a new generation of black women who had been taught to submit, to accept sexual inferiority, and to be silent.” bell hooks “Ain’t I A Woman” 

Narratives are key to open a space for the historically marginalized in politics
Beydoun ‘8
Khaled Ali Beydoun, The author received his J.D. from the University of California-Los Angeles School of Law, and his A.B from the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. He has published his work in various law journals, including the Berkeley Journal of International Law, the Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy, the Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, and most recently, the Michigan Journal of Race and Law, “COLOR ME BAD TOWARD AN INDIGENOUS and PLURALIST RECLAMATION OF ARAB AMERICAN IDENTITY”, March 2008, http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000andcontext=khaled_beydoun, accessed 10/27/11 soap
Critical Race Theory …and face off with his-story.31

Without our approach, white supremacy is allowed to continue- this leads to reinvention of racial subjection and state violence which turns case- their approach only diverts attention so that white supremacy can be re-entrenched
Rodriguez 9
Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Volume 36, Issue 1, 2009

It thus is within … white supremacist globality.

The usage of narratives is a prerequisite to policy – instead of taking narratives out of policy making we should refocus discussion around excluded perspectives and voices
McDonough, associate professor at the Heller School at Brandeis University, 2006 (John E., and former health committee chairman in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Using and Misusing Anecdote in Policy Making, Narrative Matters, pg 9-12 http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/20/1/207.pdf)

Why is narrative so … consumers of stories.

Aff’s claims to solve for existence are a tool of imperialist white-supremacist capitalist patriarchy- turns the case because we cannot work within the framework of a patriarchal government without perpetuating mass deaths
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Indeed, radical feminist … that undermines their mental health.

The “protector” logic of the affirmative assumes an external aggressor – this logic allows for the perpetuation of securitized notions of hegemony that relegates alternative political perspectives to the margins in order to maintain its “patriarchal protectionist” nature
Young, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, 3
(Iris Marion, PhD from Pennsylvania State University, visiting professor at the G.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, Winter 2003, “Feminist Reactions to the Comteporary Secuirty Regime,” Hypatia, Feminist Philosophy and the Problem of Evil, Vol 18 No 1, pgs 223-231, accessed JSTOR 10-2-13, mee)

Much feminist theory …, grateful for the protection afforded them.

The affirmative use of law as a guiding standard fails to understand law’s dependence on culture – the affirmative re-inscribes the normative culture of exclusion it attempts to alleviate
Ford, George E. Osborne Professor of Law at Stanford University, 2002
(Richard T., Reginald F. Lewis Fellow at Harvard Law School, a litigation associate with Morrison and Foerster, and a housing policy consultant for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Beyond ‘Difference’: A Reluctant Critique of Legal Identity Politics”, pp. 68-70, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

My critique thus far … the conflict should be resolved.22

Flawed epistemology leads to serial policy failure- turns the aff and links to the perm
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, p. 5, mee)

I Second, having misleading … dehumanizing systems of oppression.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgia Li-White | Judge: Spiker
1NC K

Novice 101: H.I.T.S. (HITS) Harms, Inherency, Topicality, and Solvency this was the key to debate
Harms: Everything comes down to nuclear war and if it doesn’t then it’s obviously not a terminal impact.
Inherency: Is there a risk of war? No? Then it’s not important
Topicality: The resolution is there for a reason, follow it.
Solvency: The United States Federal Government should… and if it doesn’t begin that way then go back and start again
How can I be a successful debater? Have a plan text, be topical, win rounds, speak fast and be clear was all I was told.
 Debate was comfort zone my place of escape as long as I followed the rules.
I was arrested and didn’t even know it, captured without release.
Amazingly I was proud of it because I was winning rounds, I was getting speaker awards, oh yeah don’t forget that plan text
BUT that’s what it meant to be a good debater... Right ?
Debate was my prison and the resolution? The resolution was my cell.  I was stuck in a place that was supposed to be my comfort zone but now I was uncomfortable.
It had finally hit me. I had to defend the state!! But incremental changes are good, look at the civil rights movement…
The same state that took people from my country brought them here and made them slaves
The same state that looks down on me because I am a woman. I am expected to defend this state without my input, my story shared…
How were they supposed to defend me when they didn’t even know how I was affected?
I am A black woman, still oppressed, still silenced that’s what the state was doing but how would any of their policies do anything for me when they didn’t even know me
They had to know My story, My feelings, My thoughts and this is it

Obama’s alignment with indefinite detention ensures a legalized extermination of marked bodies
Ford, political analyst, 11
(Glen, Black Agenda Respond executive editor, journalist, “The Racist Roots of Obama’s Preventive Detention,” 2011, http://blackagendareport.com/content/racist-roots-obamaE28099s-preventive-detention, accessed 08/05/2013, blh)

It should have been clear … is how they will lose those freedoms.

State promises of protection against violence and rights violations are a protection racket.  They simulate roles of a masculine protector and a feminine protectee all while strengthening the state—the source of the threat--masking the structural violence that state authority is based upon.  
Peterson 92
(V. Spike: prof of political science at the U of Arizona, Gendered States, ed: Peterson, p. 49-52) 

We can employ the …, and capitalist economics.  

The affirmatives call for legal reformation is just a guise of leftist legalism – the affirmative results in cooptation, subjugation and a justification of continued exclusion and oppression
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right about the … scrutinizing practice called critique.

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis in order to re-conceptualize social relations. The role of the ballot in this round is to vote for whoever best performs a methodology that alleviates social oppression

An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to understand … framework of society.

1NC Case – Adv 1

The Affirmative’s reliance on universalist claims of human rights reeks of cultural imperialism and legitimizes coercive forms of intervention that are antithetical to the human rights project—a greater respect for localized, grassroots conception of human rights is vital
Mutua, 2002
(Makua--director of the Human Rights Center at SUNY-Buffalo Law School, Human Rights: A Political and Cultural Critique, 2002 pg.5-6) ajc

The failure of most … restructuring of the international order. 

1NC Case – Adv 2

Changes to indefinite detention policies are an example of legalism- the government will shift their definitions in order to always exclude and oppress marked bodies. This leads to dynamic manipulation that rips ontology from beings
Butler, American post-structuralist philosopher, 2004
(Judith, a professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature departments at the University of California, Berkeley, and is also the Hannah Arendt Professor of Philosophy at the European Graduate School, “Precarious Life: The Powers of Moutning and Violence” pp. 63-68, blh) 

We might, and should, object … highly, if not fatally, politicized. 

Economic threat predictions will cause the US to manipulate regimes in a non-democratic fashion-causes more instability and kills millions
Neocleous, Brunel government professor, 2008
(Mark, Critique of Security, pg 95-7, ldg)

In other words, the new international … of the security strategy proposed.

Nuclear war doesn’t cause extinction- bad physics
Seitz, Harvard University Center for International Affairs visiting scholar, 6
(Russell, "The' Nuclear Winter ' Meltdown; Photoshopping the Apocalypse," adamant.typepad.com/seitz/2006/12/preherein_honor.html, accessed 9-25-11, mss)

The recent winter solstice … over to a new generation of  X-Box.

Natural diseases will never evolve to killing the human race—200,000 years and natural selection prove
Posner, 2004
(Richard A., judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, lecturer in law at University of Chicago, Catastrophe: Risk and Response, 23-24)

Yet the fact that … than smallpox ever was.

Kassop  2007; Savage 2007; Wheeler 2008).

Tournament: JMU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgia Li-White | Judge: Spiker
Discussion of war scenarios are non-unique- the United States has declared a war against marked bodies and maintained that stance
Omolade, city college center for worker education in New York City, 84
(Barbara, a historian of black women for the past twenty years and an organizer in both the women’s and civil rights/black power movements; Women of Color and the Nuclear Holocaust; WOMEN’S STUDIES QUARTERLY, Vol. 12., No. 2, Teaching about Peace, War, and Women in the Military, Summer, p. 12; http://www.jstor.org/stable/4004305)

In April, 1979, the … Who will stand up?

Discussing future possibilities for violence and war pave over status quo structural violence and reinforce its ability to hide
Abu-Jamal, 98
(Mumia, award-winning PA journalist, 9/19, http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html)

We live, equally immersed, … the world. Gilligan, p. 196

Tournament: Jvnovicenationals | Round: 1 | Opponent: George Mason Brown-Kostiuk | Judge: Keenan
you have to make sure that the arguments that you produce and advocate are consistent and ethical.
Frank 2003 (David A., UO Forensics Program Director, “The Pedagogy and Politics of Solipsism,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate)
Some of us have … on a pedagogy of solipsism.

Tournament: Jvnovicenationals | Round: 1 | Opponent: George Mason Brown-Kostiuk | Judge: Keenan
Their use of these stories in order to call for the ballot is problematic- only a risk that his story is co-opted
Darling-Wolf, 98
(Fabienne, October 1998, “White bodies and feminist dilemmas: on the complexity of positionality,” Journal of Communication Inquiry, 22.4, p410., accessed Academic One File 9-22-13, mee)

If our position can … over the impact of imperialism.

A womanist ethic is one that is built out of love – one that is focused toward a liberation of all bodies that are oppressed – a womanist ethic is not anti-black it is quite the opposite it positions the black woman at the center in order to decenter the condition of possibility that allows anti-blackness to exist
Trudy, activist and moderator of Gradiant Lair, 2013
(July 11, “Who Can Be A Womanist?”, http://www.gradientlair.com/post/62671175278/who-can-be-a-womanist, BEN)

I saw an anonymous … solidarity. And it isn’t womanism.

Meagan and I advocate that the debate community embrace an ethic of womanism. The role of the ballot is to vote for the team that best performs a methodology that disrupts white supremacist capital patriarchy in this space.

Womanist methodology key for black women to access
Collins, Distinguished University Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland, College Park, 2006
(Patricia Hill, former head of the Department of African American Studies at the University of Cincinnati, and the past President of the American Sociological Association Council, "Sisters and Brothers: Black Feminist on Womanism", The Womanist Reader, accessed on 12/26/13, BEN)

Alice Walker’s multiple definitions … while in actuality, this was far from the truth.

The 1AC says that female bodies are made invisible- Visibility metaphors ignore the social position of the Other
Davidson, Vice chair in the Department of Literature, University of California, 8
(Michael, 2008, “Concerto for the left hand: disability and the defamiliar body,” accessed Hathi Trust 10-17-13, mee)

We could see Saramago's … a critical perspective on it.

Feminism perpetuates a misunderstanding that fails to contextualize the interpolated position of womanism- we accommodate for feminist perspectives and ideas but feminism can’t solve for our social positions
Phillips, associate professor and graduate director of Women's Studies and African American Studies at Georgia State University, 2006
(Layli Maparyan, former chair of the University Consortium for Liberia, "Introduction: The Womanist Reader", accessed on 12/30/13, BEN)

Having stated that womanism … of identity, social address, or origins.

Womanism is a perspective that aims to deconstruct all oppression – previous political ideologies simply maintain singular perspectives that fail to address all oppression and difference which ensure that they fall short of offering a sustaining strategy of survival
Phillips, associate professor and graduate director of Women's Studies and African American Studies at Georgia State University, 2006
(Layli Maparyan, former chair of the University Consortium for Liberia, "Introduction: The Womanist Reader", accessed on 12/30/13, BEN)

With all the focus on … than the terminology is old.

Our womanist ethic is not something that can be centralized – we are a politics of avowal – this allows us to embody our politics and navigate through historically oppressive spaces, surviving on less while keep on keepin on
Phillips, associate professor and graduate director of Women's Studies and African American Studies at Georgia State University, 2006
(Layli Maparyan, former chair of the University Consortium for Liberia, "Introduction: The Womanist Reader", accessed on 12/30/13, BEN)

Lest it troublesome … as this thing labeled womanism.

Tournament: Jvnovicenationals | Round: 3 | Opponent: United States Military Lipksy-Stevens | Judge: Weddington
Society is controlled by white supremacist capital patriarchy- it strengthens itself by functioning under the surface and exploiting difference. Discussing differences is the only way to create insulation from it because it is about more than just securitizing normative behaviors
hooks, distinguished professor of English at City College in New York, 92
(bell, Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992, “Eating the Other,” from “Black Looks: Race and Representation,” pages 21-22, da 10-10-13, http://www.scribd.com/doc/118302450/Eating-the-Other-bell-Hooks, mee)

This is theory’s acute … longings are ever fulfilled.

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that operates within the debate community to absolve culture
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice in … to disable its vigorous affects.”7

Meagan and I advocate Da Feds should stop snipin’ dem bodies with dem remote control toys. The role of the ballot is to vote for the team that best performs a methodology that disrupts white supremacist capital patriarchy in this space

The affirmatives call for legal reformation is just a guise of leftist legalism – the affirmative results in cooptation, subjugation and a justification of continued exclusion and oppression
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right about the legalistic … scrutinizing practice called critique.

Bodily politics disrupt the antagonisms present within speed-elitism enabling a recentering of a utopian reality – such a reality offers the condition of possibility of deconstructing the normative model of a Eurocentric Humanist Fantasy
Hoofd, Assistant Professor of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, 2004
(Ingrid, wrote her Masters thesis on Cyberfeminism at Utrecht University in The Netherlands, “Dialogues between Paul Virilio and Chela Sandoval: Towards a better understanding of uses and abuses of new technologies”, http://www.genders.org/g39/g39_hoofd.html, accessed on 10/30/2013, BEN)

24 A feminist Chicana theorist, … of the required epistemological shifts.

The way we speak is all we got- its key to our knowledge production. Nommo is a counterlanguage that we aint got no choice but to use to help out
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Whether trying to understand …hostess and her family in particular.

Nommo invokes a creative ability to restore agency through the usage of language – such an act is the basis for building a bridge through performative acts that creates a condition of possibility for all excluded perspectives
Clarke, Assistant Professor of Communication at Northwestern, 2004
(Lynn, studies rhetorical theory and its relationships to philosophy, "Talk About Talk: Promises, Risks, and a Proposition Out of Nommo", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol 18:4, accessed on 10/13/13, Ben)

Tournament: Jvnovicenationals | Round: 3 | Opponent: United States Military Lipksy-Stevens | Judge: Weddington
Virilio philosophy paints a dystopic reality that fails to offer a method of escape – this leads to a reification of mechanical reproduction
McAllister, Associate Professor of Communication at Simon Frasier University, 2008
(Kirsten Emiko, President of the Asian Candian Study Society, “Virilio: Mimesis, Mourning, and Modern Technology”, pp. 583-585, Canadian Journal of Communication, Vol 33, accessed 10/31/13, BEN)

It could be argued … the ability to realize the sacred.

Oppressed bodies have always been subject to the interrogation of interrelatedness that continues to create fractures and disrupt their social position –speed is useful if recaptured and turned against practices of domination allowing the oppressed to liberate themselves
Hoofd, Assistant Professor of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, 2004
(Ingrid, wrote her Masters thesis on Cyberfeminism at Utrecht University in The Netherlands, “Dialogues between Paul Virilio and Chela Sandoval: Towards a better understanding of uses and abuses of new technologies”, http://www.genders.org/g39/g39_hoofd.html, accessed on 10/30/2013, BEN)

5 In her fascinating article, "… reinforce current Western hegemony.

Tournament: Jvnovicenationals | Round: 6 | Opponent: Florida Daskalakis-Persico | Judge: Cramer
1NC

1) 1AC exposure of the acts of the state only decrease US primacy and pre-eminence- specifically 9/11 is what has allowed us the to expand internationally and thus is needed for the continual of US dominance 

2) Plan falsifies US claims that hurt US credibility abroad which is key to US power
Etzioni, professor of international relations at George Washington University,11
(Amitai, April 2011, Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of California, Berkeley, The Coming Test of U.S. Credibility, accessed 8/26/13, http://icps.gwu.edu/files/2011/03/credibility.pdf,vc)

The relative power … it must exercise its power.

Heg has led to a decline in violence– your authors shortcut their scholarship towards convenient conclusions
Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology – Harvard, 11
(Steven, October 4, 2011, “The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined”, Viking Adult, 2/29/12, atl)

This book is about … deal with changing circumstances.

International monopoly on violence has led to the rights revolutions– creating a deterrent against all forms of xenophobia – bringing out the best in human nature
Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology – Harvard, 11
Steven, September 27, 2011, “A History of Violence: Edge Master Class 2011”, http://edge.org/conversation/mc2011-history-violence-pinker, 10/21/11, atl

The final historical development … that have made it possible. 

Pinker’s scholarship is bullet-proof
Jervis, Stevenson Professor of International Politics – Columbia University, 11
(Robert, October 25, 2011, "Pinker the Prophet", Nov-December Issue of the National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/bookreview/pinker-the-prophet-6072, 2/29/12, atl)

The Better Angels of …ourselves to justify our lives.

Aff decreases our preeminence and destroys global commons
Brzezinski, former national security advisor, 12
(Zbigniew, January/February 2012, “After America,” Foreign Policy, da 9-19-13, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,1, mee)

For if America falters, … dangerous slide into global turmoil.

Vote neg to reject the 1AC’s decrease in hegemonic power. That’s key to international stability- Global leadership encourages positive multilateral activity
Flournoy former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy of the United States, 12
(“Michèle and Dr. Janine Davidson is an Assistant Professor in the School of Public Policy at George Mason University, “A Plea for Smart, Forward U.S Military Engagemen”t, 7-10-12, http://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2012/07/10/a-plea-for-smart-forward-u-s-military-engagement/, accessed 8-4-12, srg)

The recent global economic … future security environment. 

Heg key to sustain alliances-provides assurance.
Kagan, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2k
(Robert, “Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign and Defense Policy”, pg 15-16)

The United States also … would appear at our doorstep. 

Alliances are vital to solving ever major problem
Biden, vice president and former chair of the foreign relations committee, 3
(Joe, “Remarks by Sen. Joseph Biden at the Release of "Progressive Internationalism", 10-30, http://www.dlc.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=106andsubid=122andcontentid=252157, ldg)

Simply put, this is a …otherwise they're of no value. 

America is the best
Stratfor, 2011
(Global intelligence resource, "The Geopolitics of the United States, Part 1: The Inevitable Empire," 8-25-11, http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/20110824-geopolitics-united-states-part-1-inevitable-empire, accessed 9-10-11, mtf)

From a functional point … of its rivers naturally interconnects.

AND Hegemony decline causes prolif.
Rosen, professor of National Security and Military Affairs at Harvard University, 2003
(Stephen, “An Empire, If you Can Keep It”, National Interest, Spring, lexis, ldg)

Rather than wrestle with …are that much more attractive. 

Proliferation guarantees massive nuclear escalation and war
Utgoff, Institute for Defense Analyses deputy director, 2
Victor A., former National Security Council staff, “Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions,” Survival, vol. 44, p85-102

Once a conflict reaches …or even whole nations.

It’s sustainable
Beckley, Columbia university phd, 12
(Michael, research fellow at international security program fellow at Harvard’s Belfer Center for science and international affairs, 2012, “The Unipolar Era: Why American Power Persists and China’s Rise is Limited”, DOA: 9-5-13, http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:146399, llc)

First, I show that the … – both reinforce unipolarity. 

Primacy is flexible – any problems can be fixed
Haas, Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy at the American Foreign Policy Council, 2009
(Lawrence, “Letter from Washington: Don’t Bet on America’s Decline” 9-4, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/democratiya/article_pdfs/d16Haas.pdf, ldg)

Today’s declinists do not … to change any time soon. 

War is at its lowest level in history because of US primacy---best statistical studies prove heg solves war because it makes democratic peace resilient globalization sustainable---it’s the deeper cause of proximate checks against war
Owen, UVA politics professor, 2011
(John, “Don’t Discount Hegemony”, 2-11, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/, DOA: 10-9-11, ldg)

We would still need … for liberal democracy remains strong.

Evaluating consequences key to making ethical decisions
Isaac, political science professor Indiana University, 2002
(Jeffrey, “Ends, Means, and Politics, Dissent Magazine, Spring 2002, ldg)

Power is not a dirty word or an … undermines political effectiveness.

Extinction outweighs the aff
Wapner, professor and director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University, 2003
(Paul, “Leftist Criticism of "Nature" Environmental Protection in a Postmodern Age,” Dissent Winter 2003 http://www.dissentmagazine. org/menutest/archives/2003/ wi03/wapner.html, ldg)

All attempts to listen … fundamental moral commitment.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: California, Berkeley Spurlock-Muppalla | Judge: Glass
Round 1 1NC

Novice 101: H.I.T.S. (HITS) Harms, Inherency, Topicality, and Solvency this was the key to debate
Harms: Everything comes down to nuclear war and if it doesn’t then it’s obviously not a terminal impact.
Inherency: Is there a risk of war? No? Then it’s not important
Topicality: The resolution is there for a reason, follow it.
Solvency: The United States Federal Government should… and if it doesn’t begin that way then go back and start again
How can I be a successful debater? Have a plan text, be topical, win rounds, speak fast and be clear was all I was told.
 Debate was comfort zone my place of escape as long as I followed the rules.
I was arrested and didn’t even know it, captured without release.
Amazingly I was proud of it because I was winning rounds, I was getting speaker awards, oh yeah don’t forget that plan text
BUT that’s what it meant to be a good debater... Right ?
Debate was my prison and the resolution? The resolution was my cell.  I was stuck in a place that was supposed to be my comfort zone but now I was uncomfortable.
It had finally hit me. I had to defend the state!! But incremental changes are good, look at the civil rights movement…
The same state that took people from my country brought them here and made them slaves
The same state that looks down on me because I am a woman. I am expected to defend this state without my input, my story shared…
How were they supposed to defend me when they didn’t even know how I was affected?
I am A black woman, still oppressed, still silenced that’s what the state was doing but how would any of their policies do anything for me when they didn’t even know me 

The state is a patriarchal institution- the aff’s insistence on government control arises from the patriarchal drive for domination inherent to our political system
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Patriarchy is the …patriarchal thinking through religion.

White Supremacy has found its place in global society as the controlling force behind all forms of oppression by connecting and exploiting the existing differences that exist between us causing continued exclusion and disenfranchisement
Rabaka, Associate Professor of Africana Studies in the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, 2007 (Reiland, Affiliate Professor of Women and Gender Studies and a Research Fellow at the Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America (CSERA), August 4, “The Souls of White Folk: W.E.B. Du Bois’s Critique of White Supremacy and Contributions to Critical White Studies”, Journal of African American Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 1-15, pgs. 2-4)

Traditionally “white supremacy” …t 1994; Roediger 1994, 1999).

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis to reconceptualize relations. The role of the ballot in this round is to assess who best performatively breaks down systems of oppression

An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to understand that … very framework of society.

Case – Judicial Globalism

1. Hegemony causes continuous interventions and overextension
   Layne, government professor at Texas AandM, 2006
   (Christopher, “The Peace of Illusions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present”, pg 152-3, ldg)

There is another road to … off more than they can chew.

Continuous interventions cause extinction
Valenzuela, attorney, consultant, freelance writer and author of  Echoes in the Wind, 2003
(Manuel, “Perpetual War, Perpetual Terror”, 11-27, http://dissidentvoice.org/Articles9/Valenzuela_Perpetual-War-Terror.htm, ldg)

The Pentagon is the Department … perception and treatment of us today. 

2. Hegemony is a paranoid fantasy—-the most secure nation on earth sees threats to empire everywhere, which legitimizes constant violence—-you have an obligation to place the structural violence that hegemony renders invisibile at the core of your decision calculus
McClintock, Wisconsin Women’s and Gender studies professor, 2009
(Anne, “Paranoid Empire: Specters from Guantánamo and Abu Ghraib”, Small Axe, March, ebsco, ldg)

By now it is fair to say … Those people were a kind of solution. 

3. Global conflict can only emerge in a world of unipolarity---hegemony monopolizes all legitimate forms of expression, which requires that suppressed antagonisms use radical tactics to negate the universalization of American norms---this is the root cause of terrorism and threats to global stability
Mouffe, Westminster political theory professor, 2007
(Chantal, The International Political Thought of Carl Schmitt, pg 52, ldg)

I submit that it is … discourse is, in fact, contributing

Case – Legitimacy

1. Norms fail- nations pick and choose and only cite norms to cover decisions
   McGinnis and Somin, Northwestern University School of Law professor and George Mason University School of Law professor, 7
   (John and Ilya, 3/… international law to trump domestic law.

2. US can’t project power now
Parent et al., Miamia political science professor, 2011
(Joseph, “The Wisdom of Retrenchment”, Foreign Affairs, Nov/Dec, ebsco, ldg)

The trend of the last … States is leaking cash. 

3. The “protector” logic of the affirmative assumes an external aggressor – this logic allows for the perpetuation of securitized notions of hegemony that relegates alternative political perspectives to the margins in order to maintain its “patriarchal protectionist” nature
Young, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, 3
(Iris Marion, PhD from Pennsylvania State University, visiting professor at the G.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, Winter 2003, “Feminist Reactions to the Comteporary Secuirty Regime,” Hypatia, Feminist Philosophy and the Problem of Evil, Vol 18 No 1, pgs 223-231, accessed JSTOR 10-2-13, mee)

Much feminist … for the protection afforded them.

US and Russia cooperating now- counterterrorism and prolif
Epatko, reporter-producer for the PBS NewsHour's foreign affairs  9-5
(Larisa September 5, 2013, “Despite Snowden and Syria Cooling U.S.-Russian Relations, Work Goes On, accessed 9/20/13,  http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/09/us-russia.html,vc) 

The United States and Russia don't agree on whether Assad has a future in the government, nor do they agree on military intervention, but they aren't that far apart on the end game in Syria: "there needs to be some sort of … a predictability about it."

1. The aff doesn’t address bodies who have been tried but are still denied access to anything beyond the margins- the law is indefinitely postponed. Aff interpretation fails to acknowledge the executive branch’s oppressive legalism that inevitably creates a condition of possibility that allows for ontology to be ripped away from politicized subjects
   Butler, American post-structuralist philosopher, 2004 (Judith, a professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature departments at the University of California, Berkeley, and is also the Hannah Arendt Professor of Philosophy at the European Graduate School, “Precarious Life: The Powers of Moutning and Violence” pp. 63-68, blh) 

We might, and should, …, if not fatally, politicized.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Fresno State Ahmed-Lewis | Judge: Ortiz
The aff does not recognize the ways in which systems of oppression intersect and function in relation to each other- ignoring other factors of oppression such as class means that the aff can’t solve for the oppression of the status quo
Beal, 97
(Frances, “Black Woman’s Manifesto,” 1997, Third World Women’s Alliance, da 12-21-12, http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/wlm/blkmanif/, mee)

The white womenand#39;s … black struggle in general.

Only the alt is a radical shift in perception regarding all factors of oppression- the focus of the aff necessarily trades off with the approach of the alt
Collins, 91
(Patricia Hill, “Black Feminist Thought in the Matrix of Domination,” From “Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment,” pgs 221–238, da 2-13-12, http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/252.html, mee)

and#34;What I really feel is … perspectives on family.

An intersectional approach solves through a social structural analysis
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, p. 11, mee)

We think that the matrix … for race, class, and gender relations

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Fresno State Ahmed-Lewis | Judge: Ortiz
Second impact is gaming – you have to make sure that the arguments that you produce and advocate are consistent and ethical.
Frank 2003 (David A., UO Forensics Program Director, “The Pedagogy and Politics of Solipsism,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate)
Some of us have … on a pedagogy of solipsism.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Fresno State Ahmed-Lewis | Judge: Ortiz
The AFF isn’t radical, just radically naive – their claims to be so different from traditional practices only mask their codependent relationship with debate hierarchy – propping up the very system they claim to tear down, while seeking awards from the community they claim to stand apart from
Stroube, former UT-Austin debater and TOC finalist, 1
(Jack, at St Marks, www.ndtceda.com/acrhives/2001/10/0301.htm, accessed 2/26/13, soap)

Public debating is not … to their kritik expert advantage. 

There is no reform to the debate machine when exclusion is essential to its coherence – maintaining it allows for the erasure of identity and race – turns the case
Reid-Brinkley, University of Pitt Communications and Rhetoric, 2008
(Dr. Shanara, "The Harsh Realities of “Acting Black”: How African-American Policy Debaters Negotiate Representation through Racial Performance and Style", http://www.comm.pitt.edu/faculty/documents/reid-brinkley_shanara_r_200805_phd.pdf, page 67-69, soap)

There are varying … body chooses to style itself.

Our alt of challenging the format itself is a superior critical advocacy position – it destroys debate
Stroube, former UT-Austin debater and TOC finalist, 1
(Jack, at St Marks, www.ndtceda.com/acrhives/2001/10/0301.htm, accessed 2/26/13, soap)

Self is glad to see … competitive format in particular.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Central Florida Johnson-Tobey | Judge: Massey
K

Executive branch is targeting oppressed bodies in the status quo- the affirmative doesn’t have an internal link that solves for the targeting of marked bodies
Ford, political analyst, 11
(Glen, Black Agenda Respond executive editor, journalist, “The Racist Roots of Obama’s Preventive Detention,” 2011, http://blackagendareport.com/content/racist-roots-obamaE28099s-preventive-detention, accessed 08/05/2013, blh)

It should have been … is how they will lose those freedoms.

Black women should not have to live in their house to receive their hospitality- oppressed bodies exist on our own and have our own identities. Their hospitality is the same thing that America always does to oppress bodies which only leads to an increase of the accumulation of bodies. The aff has no methodology to actually alleviate oppression.
The state is a patriarchal institution- the aff’s insistence on government control arises from the patriarchal drive for domination inherent to our political system
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Patriarchy is the single … patriarchal thinking through religion.

White Supremacy has found its place in global society as the controlling force behind all forms of oppression by connecting and exploiting the existing differences that exist between us causing continued exclusion and disenfranchisement
Rabaka, Associate Professor of Africana Studies in the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, 2007 (Reiland, Affiliate Professor of Women and Gender Studies and a Research Fellow at the Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America (CSERA), August 4, “The Souls of White Folk: W.E.B. Du Bois’s Critique of White Supremacy and Contributions to Critical White Studies”, Journal of African American Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 1-15, pgs. 2-4)

Traditionally “white supremacy” …; Omi and Winant 1994; Roediger 1994, 1999).

The alternative is to perform an inclusive social structural analysis in order to completely reconceptualize social relations. The role of the ballot in this round is to vote for whoever best performs a methodology that alleviates social oppression within this space

An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to … very framework of society.

Case

The affirmative apposition of hospitality is one that attempts to police oppressed bodies – this is a similar strategy used in the past that caused an influx of immigrants and led the US to say…
(Emma Lazarus, “The New Colossus”, http://www.libertystatepark.com/emma.htm, vc)
cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

The affirmative’s teams’ changing of the plan to an advocacy statement that still doesn’t do anything about the nuclear war or even oppression impacts that they claim is a view of nowhere
Yancy, Professor at Duquense University, 2005
(George, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body”, Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol. 19, No. 4, Project Muse, retrieved April 15, 2010) blh

I write out of a personal … a scale of human value. (Snead 1994, 4).

The crisis-based politics of the status quo serve to quiet activism by appealing to threats to security as the most deserving of consideration. In order to combat violence, we have to rethinking our understanding of crisis.
Cuomo, Professor of Philosophy and Women's Studies, and Director of the Institute for Women's Studies at the University of Georgia, 1996
(Chris, “War Is Not Just an Event: Reflections on the Significance of Everyday Violence” Published in Hypatia 11.4, p. 30-46)

Ethical approaches that …state-funded militaristic campaigns.

Their concept of “intellectual” is flawed, exclusive and the base of all their evidence- prefer ours because it includes non-academic perspectives that are key to change
Collins, 2k
(Patricia Hill, “Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment,” pages 14-16, accessed ebsco 2-13-12, mee)

Examining the contributions of …feminist thought (Collins 1998a, 95–123). 

Alt’s epistemology is key to changing the lens rather than trying to sharpen the focus
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 3-4, mee)

You can think of this as if … groups composing U.S. society.

Finally is gaming – you have to make sure that the arguments that you produce and advocate are consistent and ethical.
Frank 2003 (David A., UO Forensics Program Director, “The Pedagogy and Politics of Solipsism,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate)

Some of us have actively … founders on a pedagogy of solipsism.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 7 | Opponent: Emory Karthikeyan-Morrow | Judge: Russell
Novice 101: H.I.T.S. (HITS) Harms, Inherency, Topicality, and Solvency this was the key to debate
Harms: Everything comes down to nuclear war and if it doesn’t then it’s obviously not a terminal impact.
Inherency: Is there a risk of war? No? Then it’s not important
Topicality: The resolution is there for a reason, follow it.
Solvency: The United States Federal Government should… and if it doesn’t begin that way then go back and start again
How can I be a successful debater? Have a plan text, be topical, win rounds, speak fast and be clear was all I was told.
 Debate was comfort zone my place of escape as long as I followed the rules.
I was arrested and didn’t even know it, captured without release.
Amazingly I was proud of it because I was winning rounds, I was getting speaker awards, oh yeah don’t forget that plan text
BUT that’s what it meant to be a good debater... Right ?
Debate was my prison and the resolution? The resolution was my cell.  I was stuck in a place that was supposed to be my comfort zone but now I was uncomfortable.
It had finally hit me. I had to defend the state!! But incremental changes are good, look at the civil rights movement…
The same state that took people from my country brought them here and made them slaves
The same state that looks down on me because I am a woman. I am expected to defend this state without my input, my story shared…
How were they supposed to defend me when they didn’t even know how I was affected?
I am A black woman, still oppressed, still silenced that’s what the state was doing but how would any of their policies do anything for me when they didn’t even know me
They had to know My story, My feelings, My thoughts and this is it

The state is a patriarchal institution- the aff’s insistence on government control arises from the patriarchal drive for domination inherent to our political system
hooks, 4
(bell, 2004, “The Will to Change,” Understanding Patriarchy, da 9-8-13, http://imaginenoborders.org/pdf/zines/UnderstandingPatriarchy.pdf, mee)

Patriarchy is the single …patriarchal thinking through religion.

The Belief that our activisms must inevitably, inexorably respond to the political conditions of our time through the leveraging of particular institutional appeals is precisely what nullifies our ethical potential.  No matter the force of its opposition, the connection of transformation with an appeal to our institutions, mediates our relationships in such a manner that ethical transformation outside this frame of mediation becomes impossible.
Hershock, 1999
(Peter D., Project Fellow at the EastWest Center, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Hawaii, "Changing the Way Society Changes: Transposing Social Activism into a Dramatic Key", Journal of Buddhist Ethics 6, p 158-160, http://jbe.gold.ac.uk/6/hershock991.pdf) cnb

I have argued at some length … right’ and ‘being wronged’.

Surrender requires agency that is not accessible to black bodies
Yancy, Professor at Duquense University, 2005
(George, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body”, Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol. 19, No. 4, Project Muse, retrieved April 15, 2010) blh

I write out of a … of human value. (Snead 1994, 4).

The idea that they can change their affirmative based on hitting us is problematic- the logic behind this is that they know we are going to read black feminism and they know that if we don’t they will beat us on the traditional technical debate strategies because we cannot be policy debaters at the level that they can be. As black women Meagan and I cannot shift in that way- we are influenced by material oppression that prevents us from being able to engage in shifting the way that they can. Strategic changing of the aff is a reason why we are specifically marginalized in this debate. Not disclosing has become a practice in debate that is based off of anxiety towards different teams
Gaming justifies aff conditionality which is uniquely bad– you have to make sure that the arguments that you produce and advocate are consistent and ethical
Frank 2003 (David A., UO Forensics Program Director, “The Pedagogy and Politics of Solipsism,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate)
Some of us have … on a pedagogy of solipsism. 

1. Conditionality is an example of the way white supremacy shifts to disguise the oppression it perpetuates
   Rodriguez 9
   Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Volume 36, Issue 1, 2009
   
   It thus is within the … project of white supremacist globality.

White Supremacy has found its place in global society as the controlling force behind all forms of oppression by connecting and exploiting the existing differences that exist between us causing continued exclusion and disenfranchisement
Rabaka, Associate Professor of Africana Studies in the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, 2007 (Reiland, Affiliate Professor of Women and Gender Studies and a Research Fellow at the Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America (CSERA), August 4, “The Souls of White Folk: W.E.B. Du Bois’s Critique of White Supremacy and Contributions to Critical White Studies”, Journal of African American Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 1-15, pgs. 2-4)

Traditionally “white supremacy” … Winant 1994; Roediger 1994, 1999).

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis in order to reconceptualize social relations. *The role of the ballot is to assess who best performs a methodology that alleviates social oppression*

An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to … very framework of society.

The logic of Pre-Emption triggers cyclic violence by super-imposing fear politics upon the ballot
Massumi, Ph.D. from Yale University, 2007
(Brian, Professor at the University of Montréal, “Potential Politics and the Primacy of Preemption,” 10:2, Project Muse, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v010/10.2massumi.html, Written in 2007, Accessed 09-13-2012, AJH)

Fear is always a good … Get used to it.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake Forest LeDuc-Washington | Judge: Bellon, Johnson, Massey
Mullato Messaih means President Barack “I Wasn’t Born in America…and my middle name is Hussein like a terrorist” Obama
Wes, crusader for western values, 2009 (Anonymous, birther, “The Mulatto Messiah”, http://animatematters.blogspot.com/2009/01/mulatto-messiah.html, accessed on 03/10/2014, GLENBECK)

A king descends upon us ……I first must raise some Hell.

Current political discussions don’t assume black women’s positions 

Gonzalez, 17 year old Student from California, 2013 (Ella, blogger from Huffington Post Teen, "Lack of Women in Politics", accessed on 03/22/2014, BEN)

Studies show that ….in their ability.

Our participation in the political system from a feminist standpoint will always fail – we need the logical sense of men to decide the way to restrict Obama and protect white people

Gonzalez, 17 year old Student from California, 2013 (Ella, blogger from Huffington Post Teen, "Feminism, Futility and Other F-Words: A Satire", accessed on 03/22/2014, BEN)

Feminism is futile, ….."nagging" tongues.

Debates over the current political climate of America is impossible to influence without recognizing the controlling effects of the Commander in Chief – President Obama is making a point to target white people…he hate white people
King, Master of Education from School of Hard Knocks, 2013
(John, columnist for the White Voice, "Obama to change Black Friday to African American Friday", The White Voice, http://thewhitevoice.com/blog/2013/11/25/obama-to-change-black-friday-to-african-american-friday, accessed on 03/10/2014, BEN)

Here at The White Voice ….The White Voice.

Failure to engage in a dialogue around the power and persuasion of Barry ensures restructuring of power that leads to forced white reservations called suburbs
Anonymous, blogger for Serious Commentary, 2020
("Whites to be rounded up into concentration camps called suburbs", accessed 03/10/1900, WEBDuBois)

"Friends, it's getting worse."……  oh it's too much to bear."

Real Cite:
http://www.satireandcomment.com/1009glenbeck.html

B. Dialogue

Discussing the political agenda of Obama is critical to begin to question the nature of the executive branch and how it should be used – otherwise more a proliferation of executive orders leads to the further black supremacy
King, Master of Education from School of Hard Knocks, 2013
(John, columnist for the White Voice, "Obama to change Black Friday to African American Friday", The White Voice, http://thewhitevoice.com/blog/2013/11/25/obama-to-change-black-friday-to-african-american-friday, accessed on 03/10/2014, BEN)

There’s no ….African-American Friday.

Black Supremacy becomes pervasive and overdetermines identity forcing the spread of negritude
King, Master of Education from School of Hard Knocks, 2013
(John, columnist for the White Voice, "Obama to change Black Friday to African American Friday", The White Voice, http://thewhitevoice.com/blog/2013/11/25/obama-to-change-black-friday-to-african-american-friday, accessed on 03/10/2014, BEN)

My town is exactly ….. what I’m talking about.

Heg has led to a decline in violence– your authors shortcut their scholarship towards convenient conclusions
Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology – Harvard, 11
(Steven, October 4, 2011, “The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined”, Viking Adult, 2/29/12, atl)

This book is about what …changing circumstances.

International monopoly on violence has led to the rights revolutions– creating a deterrent against all forms of xenophobia – bringing out the best in human nature
Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology – Harvard, 11
Steven, September 27, 2011, “A History of Violence: Edge Master Class 2011”, http://edge.org/conversation/mc2011-history-violence-pinker, 10/21/11, atl

The final historical development …..enlightenment that have made it possible. 

Aff decreases our preeminence and destroys global commons
Brzezinski, former national security advisor, 12
(Zbigniew, January/February 2012, “After America,” Foreign Policy, da 9-19-13, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,1, mee)

For if America falters…. a dangerous slide into global turmoil.

Vote neg to reject the 1AC’s decrease in hegemonic power. That’s key to international stability- Global leadership encourages positive multilateral activity
Flournoy former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy of the United States, 12
(“Michèle and Dr. Janine Davidson is an Assistant Professor in the School of Public Policy at George Mason University, “A Plea for Smart, Forward U.S Military Engagemen”t, 7-10-12, http://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2012/07/10/a-plea-for-smart-forward-u-s-military-engagement/, accessed 8-4-12, srg)

The recent global economic ….. the future security environment.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake Forest LeDuc-Washington | Judge: Bellon, Johnson, Massey
The act of the 1NC is the performance of afro-alienation that reverses the spectacle of blackness that is always already painted upon our bodies.
Brooks, Professor of English at Princeton University, 2006  
(Daphne, winner of  The Errol Hill Award for Outstanding Scholarship on African American Performance from ASTR, “Bodies in Dissent: Spectacular Performances of Race and Freedom, 1850-1910: Introduction,”, accessed on 02/14/14, BEN)

Bodies in Dissent traces …….timelessness projected onto blackness.

Our performance is one that reveals the rough seams of an emergent public sphere and their obsession with grotesque bodies
Nyong'o, Professor of Performance Studies at NYU, 2009
(Tavia, researches and teaches critical black studies, queer studies, cultural theory and cultural history, "The Amalgamation Waltz: Race, Performance, and the Ruses of Memory", accessed on 02/14/14, BEN)

The uneven ground of …..black people only by mistake.

Our method of waltzing is one that creates a condition of erasing current political engagement and dependence on history and memory through the adoption of a counterpedagogical politic
Nyong'o, Professof of Performance Studies at NYU, 2009
(Tavia, researches and teaches critical black studies, queer studies, cultural theory and cultural history, "The Amalgamation Waltz: Race, Performance, and the Ruses of Memory", accessed on 02/14/14, BEN)

Black abolitionists were …back of a sly, mimetic effigy.

the negatives performance offers the possibility to disrupt such categories and eliminate the need for (non-existent) judicial protection- this also turns their Sakai arguments
Hill, Professor of English at Univeristy at Albany, 2009
(Mike, Ph.D in critical race studies, Eighteenth-Century Writing and the Public Sphere; Materialist Cultural Theory, "Whiteness as War by Other Means: Racial Complexity in an Age of Failed States", Small Axes Vol. 29, accessed on 03/15/2014, BEN)

What are the premises…., according to the new war RandD.

1NR
Overidentification finds logical paradoxes within the system rather than imposing an external logic or ethic upon it to reveal its flaws
Parker, British psychologist, 07
(Ian, 2007, ‘The truth about over-identification’, accessed 2/20/14, www.discourseunit.com/.../200720BandS20Book20Overidentificatio...:, vc)

The ‘work of culture’ …..‘Youth Day’ turned out to be the last.

Our approach key to creating useless innocent anthropology to exist within the state- aff doesn’t actually disrupt targeting they just produce scholarship that strengthens the state
Forte, prof at Concordia, 9
(Maximilian, phD, Honours Double-Major Bachelor of Arts, awarded with the highest rank of Summa Cum Laude from York University, Diploma in International Relations, awarded with the highest rank of "Distinction," University of the West Indies, May 22, 2009, "'Useless Anthropology': Strategies for Dealing with the Militarization of the Academy," da 2-9-14, http://zeroanthropology.net/2009/05/22/E2809Cuseless-anthropologyE2809D-strategies-for-dealing-with-the-militarization-of-the-academy/, mee)
One does not need to seek ……to conduct business as usual.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Central Oklahoma Yost-Vance | Judge: Loghry, Miller, Wash
i have been pondering them of late as i feel and think about the major transitions i am going through
that all of us are going through in some measure
with all the comings and leavings that are part of life and death
but i also think about them in relation to what they may have to say in
reminding me why i do what i do
and how
and in what ways
for me, to talk about standing with one another
to conjure solidarity across differences
to spark womanist wisdom on solidarity and differences
is, at first glance
(and i must admit on several glances looks mullings later)
to tempt the agony of the absurd
i feel as though i have been cast back in time
to that 60s cocktail party in which Ralph Ellison
the author of Invisible Man spoke in “clipped, deliberate syllables” to his peers
“Show me the poem, tell me the names of the opera/the
symphony that will stop one man from killing another
man and then maybe” he gestured toward the elegant
bejeweled assembly with his hand that held a cut-crystal
glass of scotch—“just maybe some of this can be justified.”
i am relieved to say that tempting the agony of the absurd
does not leave me in Ellison’s condemnatory despair
but it does leave me with a frustrated hope
a hope that is imbued with Jordan’s words
as they echo
“we do not sweat and summon our best in order to rescue
the killers”
there are days, in fact,
that i’ll be damned if i rescue any killer
or someone even approaching such a grotesque status
to work in solidarity with those who are like me
unlike me
or resemble me
does not demand or require that i save those who would identify others dead or
annihilated
either through neglect
indifference
calculation
or theoethical musings
i will not rescue the killers
of dreams and visions of a world better than this
of hopes that continue to pulse, however faintly, in the midst
of disaster and ruin
i will not rescue the killers
who create optional reading lists
that signal to me
that some actual or alleged scholars really believe
that there are optional peoples, cultures, lives, ideas,
hopes, realities
and secondary lists are little better
when they traffic peoples’ yearnings and expectations as
ideologies and abstractions
i will not rescue the killer
who remains silent when the innocent are murdered
and it is called patriotism or cleansing or white male rage
or horizontal violence
when people starve on our streets
while there is more than enough food for everyone to eat
three squares a day and at least one snack
when children die unloved and unwanted and thrown away
and we shake our collective pious heads and shut the
doors of homes and our hearts
when money determines right and wrong
good and evil
unity and dissent
diversity and blandness
hope and despair
promise and lies
damnation and salvation
no, absolutely no, i will not rescue the killers
when the church functions like an efficient corporation
and numbers and spaces in parking lots and the joy of
multiple worship services
serve as the markers for spirit and love and
mercy and justice
hear me now, i will not rescue the killers
when the academy devolves into gigantic public holding pens
for creativity and intellect
in other words
for me and my house
growing Topsy while standing with others across differences
does not require that i be run over in a mad teleological drive toward a misbegotten
notion of solidarity
that i accept a specious deontological notion of a disinterested love
that asks me to sacrifice my very soul
so that others may find comfort and ease in the macabre
spectacle of my self annihilation
or the obliteration of whole peoples
Topsy as a womanist does not find it acceptable that i acquiesce to a least
common denominator justice
that is really no justice at all
she does not require that i check my passions
my insights
my communities
at the door to enter the hall of kumbaya
and if there is any wisdom that can come
from this black woman
on notions of solidarities and differences that are strong
enough, wise enough, and ornery enough to go
toe-to-toe
with the fantastic hegemonic imagination
it is that
to engage in such work is absolutely dangerous
it may, in fact, not be good for one’s health at all
it can lead to heart and soul-ache
it can make us old before our time
it can make us eat and drink too much or too little
of all the unhealthy things
it can turn us bitter and sarcastic
it can make you ornery and mean as a snake
it can turn justice into vengeance
it can turn us into killers
but the danger does not stop here
it is dangerous because it means that we refuse the emotional
numbing panaceas
of acquisition and status and competitive spirit that does
not seek excellence, only winning
we pierce through the straw figure of a free market
and speak with increasing precision and accuracy about
the impact of transnationals
from agribusiness
to munitions
to clothing manufacturers
to western tastes and cultures passing themselves
off as neutral or the markers of progress
we become dangerous when
we speak the truth that the king is naked
when it comes to the U.S. prison industrial complex
when we question declarations of war that are soon
accompanied by massive bail outs for corporations that
even that bastion of progressive monetary policies, the
wall street journal, said “mainly padded corporate bottom
lines”
when we express confusion and dismay when terrorism is
used as the reason for a sharp cut in the capital gains tax
a tax in which 80 percent of the benefits would
go to the wealthiest 2 percent of the taxpayers
when folk hide behind conveniently literal interpretations
of scripture that support their views
on homosexuality, abortion, the roles of women
and men, the place of clergy and laity, the
pillaging of the environment, and just about
anything else
except individual and corporate sinning in the
name of individualism and the alleged common
good
yes, this is a naked butt king
when it comes to public policy that is really the personal
agenda of moralizing rhetoricians
who are dangerous because they now hold elected office
and someone believed that they should bring us back to
the good old days
that were, for many of us, deadly days
when almost every piece of legislation we are told is good for us
is sold to us with one price tag (like medicare drug benefits
for the elderly)
and then we are told—as many predicted on the left and
the right that the costs would be more and strain the federal
budget more
but we are told—just trust us, we know we are
right
and then we find that a $400 billion price tag
over 10 years is now, weeks after the dust had
settled from the debate, is really a $530 billion
price tag24
when we are go to war based on claims about weapons of
mass destruction in Iraq based on “documentary evidence”
that was forged and doubted by CIA analysts from the
beginning
and each time any of us express doubt about this “evidence,”
we were branded as weak or unpatriotic
and now, months and deaths later, we detect federal
officials recasting their words as if they never knew that
the “evidence” could possibly be cooked
and that the president was not told the truth
and we should be glad we invaded Iraq anyway
because Saddam Hussein had to be removed
from power
and it should not matter, ultimately, that we were lied to
although most of us are taught that when you lie,
you should be exposed and punished
but the fact that these lies went largely
unreported by U.S. domestic media that does a
dangerous dance against free speech with the
federal administration
is like the dead skunk in the middle of
the road
stinking to high heaven
but we drive around it as if it
were not there
no i am not here for the killers
when it comes to solidarity
which i assume is another way to say justice
i am not interested in them
except for how to decrease their numbers
and their power
i have no wish to be objective about their behavior, methods, ideologies, or
strategies
when i do the work of justice
it is with and as an advocate for the victims
actual
possible
imagined
of evil
it is subjective, it is emotional, it is passionate, it is very interested
and if i cannot find others who are interested and committed to this
then there is no solidarity
and our differences not only separate us
they make us adversaries
or enemies
in other words, for me, i do not assume solidarity
when i join others in the work of justice
solidarity is something that is nurtured and grown
in the yearning for and living out of justice
solidarity comes from hard work
listening
analyzing
questioning
rethinking
accepting
rejecting
it comes from a place of respecting and being respected
and that, i think, does not come easily or naturally for most of us
if it were so natural, then we wouldn’t be in the fix we are trying to get out of
for to respect others
means we must also respect ourselves
and centuries of inherited messages about the inherent evil of humanity (with
a large measure of this brutalizing swill aimed at women)
pose a wall of judgment and condemnation
that is hard for many of us to scale
so as we seek to work together, we must always be working on ourselves
and perhaps this is where the comforting begins
as each of us has that dawning and then awakening in us
that the point is in some religious version of perfection
but that we live our humanity with passion and vigor—
regardless
that we live our lives in justice and hope and even love—
relentlessly
that we recognize that none of us has the corner on righteousness
that we are the ones we have been waiting for
and ultimately, there is no one to do this work for us
this, then, is the first light of empowerment
when we realize that we cannot do the work of justice
to end structural injustice
by individual acts of valor and conviction alone
they may help, to be sure
but tackling structural evil takes a whole bunch of folks
with varieties of skills and insights
because structures of domination rarely come in such pristine
forms as
circles
triangles
rectangles
or rhomboids
no, structures of domination are like demonic ink blots
they have cores
but the splatter marks are far and wide and absolutely
dangerous
and they can cause so much collateral damage
that they disfigure and maim
to speak of solidarity
to conjure standing anywhere together
is, then, to tempt the agony of the absurd
but frankly, i simply don’t know what else to do
and remain faithful
and although Jordan’s description of tinkering, daydreaming, revising, and
memorizing
does not sit well for this womanist ethicist
i do believe in strategizing, envisioning, challenging, debunking, and
transforming
but always with an eye to sharing and receiving the dignity
and gift of humanity and creation
this means that a solidarity seeking the status quo is not one i can embrace a
solidarity that teaches a studied silence that rewards thought-less, clueless
obedience
and punishes vital curiosity
is not one that i can come near
a solidarity that only tolerates oppositional knowledge on playgrounds,
streets, homes, popular culture, youth groups
but never in board meetings, religious councils, strategy sessions
or in policy development or pulpits or curriculum revisions
is not a solidarity that is actually concerned about justice
and it does not deserve my time
but it does need to be watched, monitored, like a hawk
and if need be, be destroyed
whatever wisdom i have on solidarity and differences
has been crafted from the hard experiences
of learning over and over again
that just because folk espouse solidarity does not mean
they either know it or mean it
that there are many good works being done to bring in
justice
but that there is only one of me
and that i must, as each of us must
make some choices about who we stand in solidarity with
and how we will or will not deal with the differences
that can enrich us
challenge us
deny us
destroy us
but to remember also that we must not take so long to choose
that the choice gets made by our indecision or inaction
we may choose wisely or foolishly
but the point is that we develop the ability to recognize where
our actions are leading us
and where we have actually gone
and reformulate and assess on a continual basis
if we are truly working for justice or if we have fallen into
cooptation
or complicity
or betrayal
there are always options
i’ve learned this from the trickster tradition in my culture
but they cut both ways and sometimes even slice and dice
to move beyond the tight circle that we often seem caught in that is hollowed
out by conservatism and liberalism
means that we stop collapsing difference and diversity and
plurality
and all those terms we use to signal humanity and creation
is large
into such neat and pristine buzz words
and instead realize that
we will not always agree
there will be times of reasoned (and unreasoned) dissent
that we may not be able to work
together on everything or every issue
sometimes it is to recast
from our worldviews
the things we’ve learned through the years
but even as small children:
the police are not always your friend
it is not always wise to wait to cross at
a corner
or even to cross only at corners
in other words, there are few absolutes in life
and solidarities and differences are just as caught up in this
reality as episodes or steady diets of disaster and ruin
no, as i continue being a part of growing Topsy, i do not sweat and summon
whatever best there is in me to rescue the killers
but i do try to give all of who i am to the work for justice
and hang in there with others who recognize that solidarities
and differences are messy
and ultimatly human
and in some small way this marks our humanity
and turns the absurdities
into living, breathing, active hope

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Central Oklahoma Yost-Vance | Judge: Loghry, Miller, Wash
2NC

Our performance as Topsy in this debate allows us to avoid cooption and the white gaze because white folks view us as good negros and are denied access to our communal history
Townes, Dean of Vanderbilt Divinity School, 2006
(Emilie, distinguished Yale University scholar and adminstrator whose expertise include Christian ethics and womanist theology, "Womanist Ethics and the Cultural Production of Evil: Growing like Topsy: Solidarity in the Work of Dismantling", accessed on 12/31/13, BEN)

This conversation, between the …, our inherited humanity.22

The role of the ballot is to vote for the team that best performs a methodology that disrupts white supremacist capital patriarchy in this space
Townes, Dean of Vanderbilt Divinity School, 2006
(Emilie, distinguished Yale University scholar and adminstrator whose expertise include Christian ethics and womanist theology, "Womanist Ethics and the Cultural Production of Evil: Growing like Topsy: Solidarity in the Work of Dismantling", accessed on 12/31/13, BEN)

What happens when … to being women all the time.

Society is controlled by white supremacist capital patriarchy- colonialism only works in conjunction with other forms of oppression
hooks, distinguished professor of English at City College in New York, 92
(bell, Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992, “Eating the Other,” from “Black Looks: Race and Representation,” pages 21-22, da 10-10-13, http://www.scribd.com/doc/118302450/Eating-the-Other-bell-Hooks, mee)

This is theory’s … longings are ever fulfilled.

The neg approach is key to breaking down these structures of oppression– the aff’s maintenance of singular perspectives doesn’t account for proliferating vectors of identity
Phillips, associate professor and graduate director of Women's Studies and African American Studies at Georgia State University, 2006
(Layli Maparyan, former chair of the University Consortium for Liberia, "Introduction: The Womanist Reader", accessed on 12/30/13, BEN)

With all the focus on … is longer than the terminology is old.

Structural oppression depends on a system of cultural hegemony to gain and maintain support for its values, norms, perceptions and beliefs – partial breaks away from this culture is accepted as a whole and prevents any type of radical change
Bernazzoli and Flint, a doctoral student focusing on local processes and mechanisms of militarization in American society, and director of the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security at the University of Illinois, 9
(Richelle M. BA in International Politics and an MA in Political Geography and and Colin associate professor of geography, author of Introduction to Geopolitics and Political Geography: World-Economy, Nation-State, and Locality, and editor of the Geography of War and Peace, March 1 2009, “Power, Place, and Militarism: Toward a Comparative Geographic Analysis of Militarization”, Geography Compass 3/1 (2009): pp. 393–411, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/121673085/PDFSTART) 

The Gramscian notion of hegemony, …perpetuating the existing order’.x

Opacity key to solve—avoids loss of life of those resisting and doesn’t risk displacing agency
Walker, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Winston-Salem State University, 11
(Corey D. B., Ph.D., The College of William and Mary, former Chair of the Department of Africana Studies at Brown University, Fall 2011, "'How Does It Feel to be a Problem?': (Local) Knowledge, Human Interests, and The Ethics of Opacity," Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, 1(2), da 2-16-14, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xj5402h, mee)

The ethics of opacity … an ethics of opacity?

1NR

Our approach key to creating useless innocent anthropology to exist within the state- aff doesn’t actually disrupt targeting they just produce scholarship that strengthens the state
Forte, prof at Concordia, 9
(Maximilian, phD, Honours Double-Major Bachelor of Arts, awarded with the highest rank of Summa Cum Laude from York University, Diploma in International Relations, awarded with the highest rank of "Distinction," University of the West Indies, May 22, 2009, "'Useless Anthropology': Strategies for Dealing with the Militarization of the Academy," da 2-9-14, http://zeroanthropology.net/2009/05/22/E2809Cuseless-anthropologyE2809D-strategies-for-dealing-with-the-militarization-of-the-academy/, mee)
One does not need to seek … to conduct business as usual. 

The epistemological focus of natives studies is flawed- it confines itself and precludes other forms of oppression
Smith, 10
(Andrea, “Queer Theory and Native Studies: The Heteronormativity of Settler Colonialism,” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, Volume 16, Number 1-2, pg 42-43, CW, accessed on 3/4/11)  

Queer theory and … just those who are indigenous   

Opacity is best ethical choice
Walker, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Winston-Salem State University, 11
(Corey D. B., Ph.D., The College of William and Mary, former Chair of the Department of Africana Studies at Brown University, Fall 2011, "'How Does It Feel to be a Problem?': (Local) Knowledge, Human Interests, and The Ethics of Opacity," Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, 1(2), da 2-16-14, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xj5402h, mee)

With this understanding, … prefixed theoretical formulations.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Oklahoma Cherry-Baker | Judge: Copenhaver, Goodrich, Morgan
The Black Agenda Edited from http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/documents_us/gary_declaration.htm

The authenticity test of the bad nigga fails to articulate black middle class life – their affect can never begin to understand black social life from a middle class perspective which means violence to some black people
Andrews, Lecturer in ECEC, 2013
(Kehinde, PhD from University of Birmingham, "From the 'Bad Nigger' to the 'Good Nigga': an uninteded legacy of the Black Power movement", Race Class 55:22, accessed on 03/29/2014, BEN)

Central to any understanding … Nigger from the plantation.

Womanism is a perspective that aims to deconstruct all oppression – previous political ideologies simply maintain singular perspectives that fail to address all oppression and difference which ensure that they fall short of offering a sustaining strategy of survival
Phillips, associate professor and graduate director of Women's Studies and African American Studies at Georgia State University, 2006
(Layli Maparyan, former chair of the University Consortium for Liberia, "Introduction: The Womanist Reader", accessed on 12/30/13, BEN)

With all the focus … than the terminology is old.

The “Bad Nigga” should be viewed as the “Good Negro” their performance does nothing for individuals – they may not be commodified but they fail to solve for other bodies which gives us a unique form of solvency especially for women of color
Andrews, Lecturer in ECEC, 2013
(Kehinde, PhD from University of Birmingham, "From the 'Bad Nigger' to the 'Good Nigga': an uninteded legacy of the Black Power movement", Race Class 55:22, accessed on 03/29/2014, BEN)

It should be noted … Tom’s metaphorical cabin.

Womanism is key to black political movements because we cannot be commodified but rather bring together a community to resist structures of oppression
Trudy, activist and moderator of Gradiant Lair, 2013
(July 11, “Who Can Be A Womanist?”, http://www.gradientlair.com/post/62671175278/who-can-be-a-womanist, BEN)

I saw an anonymous question … And it isn’t womanism.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Oklahoma Cherry-Baker | Judge: Copenhaver, Goodrich, Morgan
2NC

Nigga authenticity is important and so is the ability to frame survival strategies but we have to have strategies that are able to construct pragmatic solutions to issues that confront black communities their strategy is one that leaves black bodies to be accumulated and exterminated
Andrews, Lecturer in ECEC, 2013 (Kehinde, PhD from University of Birmingham, "From the 'Bad Nigger' to the 'Good Nigga': an uninteded legacy of the Black Power movement", Race Class 55:22, accessed on 03/29/2014, BEN)

‘Nigga authenticity’ is … wanted to put them into.36

1NR

Their position of the nigga allows for a perpetuation of black exclusion – the negative is necessary to reframe the way that black communities are able to resist oppression
Andrews, Lecturer in ECEC, 2013
(Kehinde, PhD from University of Birmingham, "From the 'Bad Nigger' to the 'Good Nigga': an uninteded legacy of the Black Power movement", Race Class 55:22, accessed on 03/29/2014, BEN)

Bad Niggers were never … Black people from advancing.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: Zagorin, Henry, Koslow
Same as NDT Round 2 1NC

Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: Zagorin, Henry, Koslow
Brooks, Professor of English at Princeton University, 2006  
(Daphne, winner of  The Errol Hill Award for Outstanding Scholarship on African American Performance from ASTR, “Bodies in Dissent: Spectacular Performances of Race and Freedom, 1850-1910: Introduction,”, accessed on 02/14/14, BEN)

Bodies in Dissent traces …timelessness projected onto blackness.

Our performance is one that reveals the rough seams of an emergent public sphere and their obsession with grotesque bodies
Nyong'o, Professor of Performance Studies at NYU, 2009
(Tavia, researches and teaches critical black studies, queer studies, cultural theory and cultural history, "The Amalgamation Waltz: Race, Performance, and the Ruses of Memory", accessed on 02/14/14, BEN)

The uneven ground of …people only by mistake.

Our method of waltzing is one that creates a condition of erasing current political engagement and dependence on history and memory through the adoption of a counterpedagogical politic
Nyong'o, Professof of Performance Studies at NYU, 2009
(Tavia, researches and teaches critical black studies, queer studies, cultural theory and cultural history, "The Amalgamation Waltz: Race, Performance, and the Ruses of Memory", accessed on 02/14/14, BEN)

Black abolitionists were … of a sly, mimetic effigy.

Nigga authenticity is important and so is the ability to frame survival strategies but we have to have strategies that are able to construct pragmatic solutions to issues that confront black communities their strategy is one that leaves black bodies to be accumulated and exterminated
Andrews, Lecturer in ECEC, 2013
(Kehinde, PhD from University of Birmingham, "From the 'Bad Nigger' to the 'Good Nigga': an uninteded legacy of the Black Power movement", Race Class 55:22, accessed on 03/29/2014, BEN)

‘Nigga authenticity’ is important …wanted to put them into.36

Their position of the nigga allows for a perpetuation of black exclusion – their theory is misunderstood outside of this context
Andrews, Lecturer in ECEC, 2013
(Kehinde, PhD from University of Birmingham, "From the 'Bad Nigger' to the 'Good Nigga': an uninteded legacy of the Black Power movement", Race Class 55:22, accessed on 03/29/2014, BEN)

Bad Niggers were never a … people from advancing. 

1NR

The structures of domination do not have the ethics of the ability to just let the niggas be instead Overidentification finds logical paradoxes within the system rather than imposing an external logic or ethic upon it to reveal its flaws
Parker, British psychologist, 07
(Ian, 2007, ‘The truth about over-identification’, accessed 2/20/14, www.discourseunit.com/.../200720BandS20Book20Overidentificatio...:, vc)
The ‘work of culture’ … turned out to be the last.

) Their attempts to coalesce is what allows the state to infiltrate and coopt movement- Our approach key to creating useless innocent anthropology to exist within the state- aff doesn’t actually disrupt targeting they just produce scholarship that strengthens the state
Forte, prof at Concordia, 9
(Maximilian, phD, Honours Double-Major Bachelor of Arts, awarded with the highest rank of Summa Cum Laude from York University, Diploma in International Relations, awarded with the highest rank of "Distinction," University of the West Indies, May 22, 2009, "'Useless Anthropology': Strategies for Dealing with the Militarization of the Academy," da 2-9-14, http://zeroanthropology.net/2009/05/22/E2809Cuseless-anthropologyE2809D-strategies-for-dealing-with-the-militarization-of-the-academy/, mee)
One does not need to … and continue to conduct business as usual.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Wayne State Leap-Messina | Judge: Kelsie, Massey, Maurer, Miller, Shanahan
1NC

The United Sates Federal Government should substantially increase its statutory and/or judicial restrictions on the war powers authority of the president by one of the following: Targeted Killings , Indefinite Detention, entering into hostilities and cyber operations.
Lemme break down what they really tryna say
Take the power from the black man and give it to the white people because they gonna stop killing people…aint that a joke
tried to tell me that this is what I should talk about because “should” means enacting a legislation…
Oh I didn’t know it was Halloween and I was dressed up as Dianne Feinstein
Better yet when did you become senator Wyden?
Oh so you thought you had power and could stop them…yall tried that..
Now you see…here…we…go…again…
Another tournament…same ol’ tired songs,
Affirmative teams whining about something else being wrong,
Hahaha…I tell ya…here we go again…
I am tired…tired of listening to people talk about implementing policies,
Tired of listening to people talk about solving problems without seeing me,
Cause this debate space is trifling’…
its nothing new but still these political discussion still be just as stiflin’ 

Debaters be like: Welcome to the debate community – a site of collusion
One that makes sure to always practice active exclusion
Every round we enter someone is screaming, “Trust the State”
When I hear it all I think is “Ha! That’s like setting my execution date”
But hey that’s the aculturalistic style of debate…
One that is made to interrogate, accumulate and exterminate my black body 

For its in this space that we realize that dreams constantly be getting piped in’
Not skyped in, or Flava Flav Hyped in
Hahah…but enough about me and this “reality tv” experience…
Its time to focus on what we came to do…
There are some things you need to know…excuse me…cause actually I don’t care if you know them or not but there are some things that I came TO TELL you…

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that effects more than just the black/white binary and operates within the debate community as a cannibalistic entity
Reid-Brinkley, Kelsie, Brady, and Evans, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice … disable its vigorous affects.”7

Dis performance is absolutely critical to disrupting power structures tryin ta rule over us. In politicized cultural spaces like the debate community – the way that we speak is necessary to be able to change the direction of politics – our linguistic approach is one that is critical to displacing white cultural hegemony
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012 (George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

This cultural space is … the anguish of their mothers. ‘

We are constantly on the move using our language as an attempt to reshape culture – in this debate space we use our stylistic approach to resolve common debate practices
Reid-Brinkley, Kelsie, Brady, and Evans, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

Bankey’s positioning of himself … accusations of anti-intellectualism

The affirmatives philosophical approach fails to conceptualizes the gratuitous forms of violence placed on black bodies – their silence on this question ensures that their politics maintains a position of transcendence that maintains an erasure of Black Women
Yancy, Professor at Duquense University, 2005
(George, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body”, Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol. 19, No. 4, Project Muse, retrieved April 15, 2010) blh

I write out of a … human value. (Snead 1994, 4).

Our strategy is one that depends on an intersectional approach – recognizing the temporality of linguistics, culture and collective memory is a critical part of our strategy that helps to reveal how all information informs our knowledge base
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contact situations are often … being aware of “now.”

Nommo invokes a creative ability to restore agency through the usage of language – such an act is the basis for building a bridge through performative acts that creates a condition of possibility for all excluded perspectives
Clarke, Assistant Professor of Communication at Northwestern, 2004
(Lynn, studies rhetorical theory and its relationships to philosophy, "Talk About Talk: Promises, Risks, and a Proposition Out of Nommo", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol 18:4, accessed on 10/13/13, Ben)

Importantly, Yancy and Docta G … possible in and through speech.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Wayne State Leap-Messina | Judge: Kelsie, Massey, Maurer, Miller, Shanahan
Discussions of AAE are focused on a young, black, male as the informing figure from which we gather information – this view point furthers the marginalization of black women and suspends all possible liberatory power from AAE as a counter-hegemonic force
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

During the 1970s, research on … their race, gender, class and sexuality.5

Nommo preserved the ontological subjectivity of black bodies who survived the Middle Passage – our methodology is one that is essential to ontology and strategies that scream “NO!” in the face of white oppression
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012
(George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contrary to the white …during the African Holocaust.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northwestern Miles-Vellayappan | Judge: Reid-Brinkley
1NC

Novice 101: H.I.T.S. (HITS) Harms, Inherency, Topicality, and Solvency this was the key to debate
Harms: Everything comes down to nuclear war and if it doesn’t then it’s obviously not a terminal impact.
Inherency: Is there a risk of war? No? Then it’s not important
Topicality: The resolution is there for a reason, follow it.
Solvency: The United States Federal Government should… and if it doesn’t begin that way then go back and start again
How can I be a successful debater? Have a plan text, be topical, win rounds, speak fast and be clear was all I was told.
 Debate was comfort zone my place of escape as long as I followed the rules.
I was arrested and didn’t even know it, captured without release.
Amazingly I was proud of it because I was winning rounds, I was getting speaker awards, oh yeah don’t forget that plan text
BUT that’s what it meant to be a good debater... Right ?
Debate was my prison and the resolution? The resolution was my cell.  I was stuck in a place that was supposed to be my comfort zone but now I was uncomfortable.
It had finally hit me. I had to defend the state!! But incremental changes are good, look at the civil rights movement…
The same state that took people from my country brought them here and made them slaves
The same state that looks down on me because I am a woman. I am expected to defend this state without my input, my story shared…
How were they supposed to defend me when they didn’t even know how I was affected?
I am A black woman, still oppressed, still silenced that’s what the state was doing but how would any of their policies do anything for me when they didn’t even know me
They had to know My story, My feelings, My thoughts and this is it

Solving only racial discrimination ignores other forms of domination- oppression will continue even if the aff solves
Beal, 97
(Frances, “Black Woman’s Manifesto,” 1997, Third World Women’s Alliance, da 12-21-12, http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/wlm/blkmanif/, mee)

The economic system of … country and around the world.

Race is not monolithic- it can only be completely understood in connection to other forms of oppression
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 6-7, mee)

Second, studying interconnections … ability, and/or sexuality.

White Supremacy has found its place in global society as the controlling force behind all forms of oppression by connecting and exploiting the existing differences that exist between us causing continued exclusion and disenfranchisement
Rabaka, Assoc Prof of Africana Studies in the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, 7
(Reiland, Affiliate Professor of Women and Gender Studies and a Research Fellow at the Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America (CSERA), August 4, “The Souls of White Folk: W.E.B. Du Bois’s Critique of White Supremacy and Contributions to Critical White Studies”, Journal of African American Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 1-15, pgs. 2-4, 2007)

Traditionally “white supremacy” … 1994; Roediger 1994, 1999).

The alternative is to perform a social structural analysis and the role of the ballot in this round is for you to evaluate who best disrupts white supremacy

An inclusive structural analysis key to understanding the way society functions
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 12-13, mee)

We want readers to … the very framework of society.

Analysis changes our behavior by allowing us to see the connections between people
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, p. 13, mee)

We believe that … as we would have like

Narratives are an act of social change- performance is key
Langellier, University of Maine prof, 89
(Kristin M., Ph.D. from Southern Illinois University, performance studies prof, faculty in Women’s Studies and Franco-American Studies, October 1989, “Personal Narratives: Perspectives on Theory and Research,” Text and Performance Quarterly, Volume 9, Issue 4, accessed Taylor and Francis 9-25-13, mee)

Stahl’s studies of …“the personal is the political.”

The usage of narratives in a political space creates a moment of radical disruption that creates a community of resistance against social injustice
James Chair of Africana Studies at Williams College 2007 (Joy, "Violations," Warfare in the American Homeland: Policing and Prison in a Penal Democracy, p. xi-xii)

The very project … pentagon, or public-relations briefings.

The affirmatives call for legal reformation is just a guise of leftist legalism – the affirmative results in cooptation, subjugation and a justification of continued exclusion and oppression
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right about the … scrutinizing practice called critique.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northwestern Miles-Vellayappan | Judge: Reid-Brinkley
2NC

“At a time in American history when black women in every area of the country might have joined together to demand social equality for women and a recognition of the impact of sexism on our social status, we were by and large silent. Our silence was not merely a reaction against white women liberationists or a gesture of solidarity with black male patriarchs. It was the silence of the oppressed- that profound silence engendered by resignation and acceptance of one’s lot. Contemporary black women could not join together to fight for women’s rights because we did not see “womanhood” as an important aspect of our identity. Racist, sexist socialization had to devalue our femaleness and regard race as the only relevant label of identification. In other words, we were asked to deny a part of ourselves- and we did. Consequently, when the women’s movement raised the issue of sexist oppression, we argued that sexism was insignificant in light of the harsher, more brutal reality of racism. We were afraid to acknowledge that sexism could be just as oppressive as racism. We clung to the hope that liberation from racial oppression would be all that was necessary for us to be free. We were a new generation of black women who had been taught to submit, to accept sexual inferiority, and to be silent.” bell hooks “Ain’t I A Woman” 

The usage of narratives is a prerequisite to policy – instead of taking narratives out of policy making we should refocus discussion around excluded perspectives and voices
McDonough, associate professor at the Heller School at Brandeis University, 2006 (John E., and former health committee chairman in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Using and Misusing Anecdote in Policy Making, Narrative Matters, pg 9-12 http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/20/1/207.pdf)

Why is narrative so … intelligent consumers of stories.

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that effects more than just the black/white binary
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice … its vigorous affects.”7

1NR

The affirmative use of law as a guiding standard fails to understand law’s dependence on culture – the affirmative re-inscribes the normative culture of exclusion it attempts to alleviate
Ford, George E. Osborne Professor of Law at Stanford University, 2002
(Richard T., Reginald F. Lewis Fellow at Harvard Law School, a litigation associate with Morrison and Foerster, and a housing policy consultant for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Beyond ‘Difference’: A Reluctant Critique of Legal Identity Politics”, pp. 68-70, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

My critique thus far … conflict should be resolved.22

The USFG polices marked bodies and targets them by exploiting difference and systematically denying rights- their starting point of Asian Americans is one that excludes and forgets about black bodies who are also targeted and detained - any attempt of a permutation is one that signifies that we are only an afterthought to their cause
Ford, political analyst, 11
(Glen, Black Agenda Respond executive editor, journalist, “The Racist Roots of Obama’s Preventive Detention,” 2011, http://blackagendareport.com/content/racist-roots-obamaE28099s-preventive-detention, accessed 08/05/2013, blh)

It should have been … that is how they will lose those freedoms.

Flawed epistemology leads to serial policy failure- turns the aff and links to the perm
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, p. 5, mee)

I Second, having … dehumanizing systems of oppression.

Knowledge must be tied to lived experiences in order to have any real effect- means only our methodology solves
Collins, 2k
(Patricia Hill, “Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment,” pages 31-32, accessed ebsco 2-13-12, mee)

When it comes to …issues in Black women’s lives. 

The perm is an additive approach rather than an intersectional approach- necessarily reinstalls privileged hierarchies
Andersen and Collins, Prof of Sociology and Women’s Studies at the University of Delaware, Distinguished Prof of Sociology at University of Maryland, 10
(Margaret L., M.A and  Ph. D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Patricia Hill, Ph.D. Sociology, Brandeis University, “Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter”, Race, Class and Gender: an Anthology, pp. 8-9, mee)

You might think of the … effectively as divert initiatives.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Iowa Shearer-Croat | Judge: Keeton
The United Sates Federal Government should substantially increase its statutory and/or judicial restrictions on the war powers authority of the president by one of the following: Targeted Killings , Indefinite Detention, entering into hostilities and cyber operations.
Lemme break down what they really tryna say
Take the power from the black man and give it to the white people because they gonna stop killing people…aint that a joke
tried to tell me that this is what I should talk about because “should” means enacting a legislation…
Oh I didn’t know it was Halloween and I was dressed up as Dianne Feinstein
Better yet when did you become senator Wyden?
Oh so you thought you had power and could stop them…yall tried that..
Now you see…here…we…go…again…
Another tournament…same ol’ tired songs,
Affirmative teams whining about something else being wrong,
Hahaha…I tell ya…here we go again…
I am tired…tired of listening to people talk about implementing policies,
Tired of listening to people talk about solving problems without seeing me,
Cause this debate space is trifling’…
its nothing new but still these political discussion still be just as stiflin’ 

Debaters be like: Welcome to the debate community – a site of collusion
One that makes sure to always practice active exclusion
Every round we enter someone is screaming, “Trust the State”
When I hear it all I think is “Ha! That’s like setting my execution date”
But hey that’s the aculturalistic style of debate…
One that is made to interrogate, accumulate and exterminate my black body 

For its in this space that we realize that dreams constantly be getting piped in’
Not skyped in, or Flava Flav Hyped in
Hahah…but enough about me and this “reality tv” experience…
Its time to focus on what we came to do…
There are some things you need to know…excuse me…cause actually I don’t care if you know them or not but there are some things that I came TO TELL you…

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that effects more than just the black/white binary and operates within the debate community as a cannibalistic entity
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice … disable its vigorous affects.”7

Dis performance is absolutely critical to disrupting power structures tryin ta rule over us. THEREFORE WE BELIEVE the The FEDS should stop watchin’ and snipin’ oppressed bodies.

Drone use creates technological distancing and a securitized dichotomy between the Self and Other—this leads to violent dehumanization.
Wall and Monahan, Assistant Professors at Eastern Kentucky University and Vanderbilt University, 2011
(Tyler and Torin, Ph.D. from ASU and Associate Editor of Surveillance and Society, “Surveillance and violence from afar: The politics of drones and liminal security-scapes,” SAGE, Online, pdf, Pages 239-240, Written in 2011, Accessed 08/08/2013, AJH)

 The corporeal politics … and social control taken to the extreme.

The affirmatives attempt to create change through law allows for white cultural hegemony to fill in – this ensures a perpetuation of serial policy that ensures a continuation of the same flawed system
Ford, George E. Osborne Professor of Law at Stanford University, 2002
(Richard T., Reginald F. Lewis Fellow at Harvard Law School, a litigation associate with Morrison and Foerster, and a housing policy consultant for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Beyond ‘Difference’: A Reluctant Critique of Legal Identity Politics”, pp. 68-70, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

My critique thus far … should be resolved.22

Intent is irrelevant—the aff’s “proliferation metaphor” entails a normative commitment to racist power relations.
Biswas, Whitman politics professor, 2001
(Shampa, “Nuclear Apartheid” as Political Position: Race as a Postcolonial Resource?”, Alternatives, 26.4, project muse, ldg)

It is interesting here … that serves this project.

In politicized cultural spaces like the debate community – the way that we speak is necessary to be able to change the direction of politics – our linguistic approach is one that is critical to displacing white cultural hegemony
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012 (George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

This cultural space is … the anguish of their mothers. ‘

We are constantly on the move using our language as an attempt to reshape culture – in this debate space we use our stylistic approach to resolve common debate practices
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

Bankey’s positioning of himself … accusations of anti-intellectualism

Our strategy is one that depends on an intersectional approach – recognizing the temporality of linguistics, culture and collective memory is a critical part of our strategy that helps to reveal how all information informs our knowledge base
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contact situations are often …  being aware of “now.”

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Iowa Shearer-Croat | Judge: Keeton
Aff is silent on the qu Aiight so yo, let’s talk for a minute. This game we play, this is something else. I remember when I first started debate. I remember talkin’ bout the government and I remember coming up with silly things for them to do that they would never hear and never actually do. I remember seein’ other teams doin’ other things, and I remember wanting to do that. I remember bein’ told that was cheating, I should just focus on the good ol’ USFG. Ha. I remember trying to do it anyway. I remember when I walked into a round and someone said that I was “Liberty’s Wilderson team.” Hahaha, playa, I ain’t neva read Wilderson in a debate round in mah life. Nice try though, everybody always thinkin all us black girls are the same. I remember a round we had when the judge decided to vote for the other team because he liked debate. Cool story bro. I like debate too, but it don’t like me. We gotsta introduce some culture to this place or we are never going to be able to change anything. 

Discussions of AAE are focused on a young, black, male as the informing figure from which we gather information – this view point furthers the marginalization of black women and suspends all possible liberatory power from AAE as a counter-hegemonic force
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

During the 1970s, research … race, gender, class and sexuality.5

Proliferation constructs the world in imperialist and Orientalist terms— the 1AC is part of a process of knowledge-creation that restricts our understanding of proliferation to racist ideology
Behnke, Towson political science professor, 2000
(Andreas, “Inscriptions of the Imperial Order”, International Journal of Peace Studies, 5.1, http://www.gmu.edu/academic/ijps/vol5_1/behnke.htm, DOA: 12-20-12, ldg)

David Mutimer (1997) has argued … is unwilling to listen to.
1NR

Drones allow for US intervention to continue without criticism from the public – disconnecting ourselves from the war makes the extension of US militarism acceptable and possible- the impact is gendered and racist violence
Barry, PhD, University of California, Berkeley, 12
(Kathleen, 5/14/12, “Drones or Boys and their Toys: The USA’s Latest Strategy for Unending War,” accessed 10/18/13, http://www.kathleenbarry.net/blog/, kns)

The work of the … known to hold its meetings in public, open air places.

I know all your tricks – your lies and your truths
I belong to me - not you but me
What I think, what I say and how I say it – It’s all mine
I see you trying- trying to “protect” me only so you can take what’s mine
You been trying for a while now and I keep on telling you that its mine
You think you own me- you think you can control me
You tried to be me…
Girl bye - its mine

The affirmatives attempt to just use our stylistic performance for their own advances parallel real world fungibility of black bodies – their “do both” claim still allows them to maintain their white perspective allowing them to distance and blur the marginalization
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

In the late 1960s, … black person please stand up?

Debate is not about the ability for you to solve larger structural issues – the ballot operates according to a game and our use of Nommo and wordplay is critical to providing a better framework that allows for better interaction
Docta G, University Distinguished Professor Emerita, Department of English at Michigan State University, 2006
(Geneva Smitherman, , Co-Founder and Executive Committee, African American and African Studies, Core Faculty, African Studies Center, Founder and Advisor, My Brother’s Keeper Program _{"Word from the Mother: Language and African Americans", Routledge, accessed 10/14/13, Ben)}

The conception of “work” … the playa, hate the Game.”

The permutation is the Shifting face of Whiteness- their desire to steal what ours is the the way white supremacy shifts to disguise the oppression it perpetuates
Rodriguez 9
Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Volume 36, Issue 1, 2009

It thus is within … white supremacist globality.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cornell Ro-Rooni | Judge: Maurer
1NC

The United Sates Federal Government should substantially increase its statutory and/or judicial restrictions on the war powers authority of the president by one of the following: Targeted Killings , Indefinite Detention, entering into hostilities and cyber operations.
Lemme break down what they really tryna say
Take the power from the black man and give it to the white people because they gonna stop killing people…aint that a joke
tried to tell me that this is what I should talk about because “should” means enacting a legislation…
Oh I didn’t know it was Halloween and I was dressed up as Dianne Feinstein
Better yet when did you become senator Wyden?
Oh so you thought you had power and could stop them…yall tried that..
Now you see…here…we…go…again…
Another tournament…same ol’ tired songs,
Affirmative teams whining about something else being wrong,
Hahaha…I tell ya…here we go again…
I am tired…tired of listening to people talk about implementing policies,
Tired of listening to people talk about solving problems without seeing me,
Cause this debate space is trifling’…
its nothing new but still these political discussion still be just as stiflin’ 

Debaters be like: Welcome to the debate community – a site of collusion
One that makes sure to always practice active exclusion
Every round we enter someone is screaming, “Trust the State”
When I hear it all I think is “Ha! That’s like setting my execution date”
But hey that’s the aculturalistic style of debate…
One that is made to interrogate, accumulate and exterminate my black body 

For its in this space that we realize that dreams constantly be getting piped in’
Not skyped in, or Flava Flav Hyped in
Hahah…but enough about me and this “reality tv” experience…
Its time to focus on what we came to do…
There are some things you need to know…excuse me…cause actually I don’t care if you know them or not but there are some things that I came TO TELL you…

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that effects more than just the black/white binary and operates within the debate community as a cannibalistic entity
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice … disable its vigorous affects.”7

Dis performance is absolutely critical to disrupting power structures tryin ta rule over us. THEREFORE WE BELIEVE the The FEDS should stop watchin’ and snipin’ bodies.

Drone use creates technological distancing and a securitized dichotomy between the Self and Other—this leads to violent dehumanization.
Wall and Monahan, Assistant Professors at Eastern Kentucky University and Vanderbilt University, 2011
(Tyler and Torin, Ph.D. from ASU and Associate Editor of Surveillance and Society, “Surveillance and violence from afar: The politics of drones and liminal security-scapes,” SAGE, Online, pdf, Pages 239-240, Written in 2011, Accessed 08/08/2013, AJH)

 The corporeal politics of … social control taken to the extreme.

The affirmatives attempt to create change through law allows for white cultural hegemony to fill in – this ensures a perpetuation of serial policy that ensures a continuation of the same flawed system
Ford, George E. Osborne Professor of Law at Stanford University, 2002
(Richard T., Reginald F. Lewis Fellow at Harvard Law School, a litigation associate with Morrison and Foerster, and a housing policy consultant for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Beyond ‘Difference’: A Reluctant Critique of Legal Identity Politics”, pp. 68-70, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

My critique thus far … conflict should be resolved.22

Aff’s failure to stop all drone usage reinstalls the militaristic targeting logic. This is especially problematic in light of their second advantage because they can’t stop the perpetual suffering that they claim without ending not only drone strikes but also the values that allow for strikes.
Drones renders the globe as a neat grid of targets to be understood and destroyed in a view from nowhere
Shaw and Ahkter, PhDs, The University of Glasgow and University of Arizona professors, 11
(Ian Graham and Majed, 9/21/11, “The Unbearable Humanness of Drone Warfare in FATA, Pakistan,” Antipode 44.4, accessed10/17/13, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00940.x/pdf, kns)

Representation, a social practice … the cool certainty of a crosshair.

In politicized cultural spaces like the debate community – the way that we speak is necessary to be able to change the direction of politics – our linguistic approach is one that is critical to displacing white cultural hegemony
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012 (George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

This cultural space is … the anguish of their mothers. ‘

We are constantly on the move using our language as an attempt to reshape culture – in this debate space we use our stylistic approach to resolve common debate practices
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

Bankey’s positioning of himself … accusations of anti-intellectualism

Our strategy is one that depends on an intersectional approach – recognizing the temporality of linguistics, culture and collective memory is a critical part of our strategy that helps to reveal how all information informs our knowledge base
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contact situations are … without being aware of “now.”

Nommo invokes a creative ability to restore agency through the usage of language – such an act is the basis for building a bridge through performative acts that creates a condition of possibility for all excluded perspectives
Clarke, Assistant Professor of Communication at Northwestern, 2004
(Lynn, studies rhetorical theory and its relationships to philosophy, "Talk About Talk: Promises, Risks, and a Proposition Out of Nommo", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol 18:4, accessed on 10/13/13, Ben)

Importantly, Yancy and Docta G … language is made possible in and through speech.

The desire to clarify is the Shifting face of Whiteness- this is the way white supremacy shifts to disguise the oppression it perpetuates
Rodriguez 9
Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Volume 36, Issue 1, 2009

It thus is within the confines of … white supremacist globality.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cornell Ro-Rooni | Judge: Maurer
2NC

Aiight so yo, let’s talk for a minute. This game we play, this is something else. I remember when I first started debate. I remember talkin’ bout the government and I remember coming up with silly things for them to do that they would never hear and never actually do. I remember seein’ other teams doin’ other things, and I remember wanting to do that. I remember bein’ told that was cheating, I should just focus on the good ol’ USFG. Ha. I remember trying to do it anyway. I remember when I walked into a round and someone said that I was “Liberty’s Wilderson team.” Hahaha, playa, I ain’t neva read Wilderson in a debate round in mah life. Nice try though, everybody always thinkin all us black girls are the same. I remember a round we had when the judge decided to vote for the other team because he liked debate. Cool story bro. I like debate too, but it don’t like me. We gotsta introduce some culture to this place or we are never going to be able to change anything. 

Language shapes reality – Nommo is a critical linguistic technique to survive white oppression
Docta G, University Distinguished Professor Emerita, Department of English at Michigan State University, 2006
(Geneva Smitherman, , Co-Founder and Executive Committee, African American and African Studies, Core Faculty, African Studies Center, Founder and Advisor, My Brother’s Keeper Program _{"Word from the Mother: Language and African Americans", Routledge, accessed 10/14/13, Ben)}

Black or African American … time ago and is still married.

Discussions of AAE are focused on a young, black, male as the informing figure from which we gather information – this view point furthers the marginalization of black women and suspends all possible liberatory power from AAE as a counter-hegemonic force
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

During the 1970s, … with their race, gender, class and sexuality.5

Nommo preserved the ontological subjectivity of black bodies who survived the Middle Passage – our methodology is one that is essential to ontology and strategies that scream “NO!” in the face of white oppression
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012
(George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contrary to the white colonialist … tongue during the African Holocaust.

1NR

Drones allow for US intervention to continue without criticism from the public – disconnecting ourselves from the war makes the extension of US militarism acceptable and possible- the impact is gendered and racist violence
Barry, PhD, University of California, Berkeley, 12
(Kathleen, 5/14/12, “Drones or Boys and their Toys: The USA’s Latest Strategy for Unending War,” accessed 10/18/13, http://www.kathleenbarry.net/blog/, kns)

The work of the US …meetings in public, open air places.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 8 | Opponent: Vermont Brough-Broughton | Judge: Johnson
Nommo preserved the ontological subjectivity of black bodies who survived the Middle Passage – our methodology is one that is essential to ontology and strategies that scream “NO!” in the face of white oppression
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012
(George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contrary to the white … during the African Holocaust.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 8 | Opponent: Vermont Brough-Broughton | Judge: Johnson
1NC

The United Sates Federal Government should substantially increase its statutory and/or judicial restrictions on the war powers authority of the president by one of the following: Targeted Killings , Indefinite Detention, entering into hostilities and cyber operations.
Lemme break down what they really tryna say
Take the power from the black man and give it to the white people because they gonna stop killing people…aint that a joke
tried to tell me that this is what I should talk about because “should” means enacting a legislation…
Oh I didn’t know it was Halloween and I was dressed up as Dianne Feinstein
Better yet when did you become senator Wyden?
Oh so you thought you had power and could stop them…yall tried that..
Now you see…here…we…go…again…
Another tournament…same ol’ tired songs,
Affirmative teams whining about something else being wrong,
Hahaha…I tell ya…here we go again…
I am tired…tired of listening to people talk about implementing policies,
Tired of listening to people talk about solving problems without seeing me,
Cause this debate space is trifling’…
its nothing new but still these political discussion still be just as stiflin’ 

Debaters be like: Welcome to the debate community – a site of collusion
One that makes sure to always practice active exclusion
Every round we enter someone is screaming, “Trust the State”
When I hear it all I think is “Ha! That’s like setting my execution date”
But hey that’s the aculturalistic style of debate…
One that is made to interrogate, accumulate and exterminate my black body 

For its in this space that we realize that dreams constantly be getting piped in’
Not skyped in, or Flava Flav Hyped in
Hahah…but enough about me and this “reality tv” experience…
Its time to focus on what we came to do…
There are some things you need to know…excuse me…cause actually I don’t care if you know them or not but there are some things that I came TO TELL you…

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that effects more than just the black/white binary and operates within the debate community as a cannibalistic entity
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice … disable its vigorous affects.”7

A politics of respectability is one that allows for a continual exclusion of particular black bodies – our position as black women
Trudy, writer and social critic for Gradient Lair, 2013
(Trudy holds a Master’s degree in Criminal Justice and I completed 2 years of additional graduate work in Psychology and Mental Health Counseling, “Respectability Politics ? Womanism/Black Feminism”, http://www.gradientlair.com/post/55182413055/respectability-politics-is-not-womanism-black-feminism, accessed on 10/22/2013, Ben)

I often discuss … positionality tends to fall flat.

In politicized cultural spaces like the debate community – the way that we speak is necessary to be able to change the direction of politics – our linguistic approach is one that is critical to displacing white cultural hegemony
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012 (George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

This cultural space … the anguish of their mothers. ‘

We are constantly on the move using our language as an attempt to reshape culture – in this debate space we use our stylistic approach to resolve common debate practices
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

Bankey’s positioning of himself … accusations of anti-intellectualism

Our strategy is one that depends on an intersectional approach – recognizing the temporality of linguistics, culture and collective memory is a critical part of our strategy that helps to reveal how all information informs our knowledge base
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contact situations are often …being aware of “now.”

Nommo invokes a creative ability to restore agency through the usage of language – such an act is the basis for building a bridge through performative acts that creates a condition of possibility for all excluded perspectives
Clarke, Assistant Professor of Communication at Northwestern, 2004
(Lynn, studies rhetorical theory and its relationships to philosophy, "Talk About Talk: Promises, Risks, and a Proposition Out of Nommo", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol 18:4, accessed on 10/13/13, Ben)

Importantly, Yancy and … in and through speech.

Our specific deployment of AAE in the context of black women allows us to access a reclamation that avoids status quo exploitation
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

During the 1970s…race, gender, class and sexuality.5

Our focus on linguistics is necessary to abstract current notions of knowledge production – Nommo stands as a counterlanguage deployed to benefit the knowledge of oppressed bodies
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Whether trying to understand … and her family in particular.

Nommo as a creative power allows for each identity to be claimed as their own- necessary to avoid divisions within cultural practices
Clarke, Assistant Professor of Communication at Northwestern, 2004
(Lynn, studies rhetorical theory and its relationships to philosophy, "Talk About Talk: Promises, Risks, and a Proposition Out of Nommo", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol 18:4, accessed on 10/13/13, Ben)

Despite the risks that accompany … name it is proposed.

Tournament: Texas | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Kim-Seaton | Judge: Shook
Society is controlled by white supremacist capital patriarchy- it strengthens itself by functioning under the surface and exploiting difference. Discussing differences is the only way to create insulation from it because it is about more than just securitizing normative behaviors
hooks, distinguished professor of English at City College in New York, 92
(bell, Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992, “Eating the Other,” from “Black Looks: Race and Representation,” pages 21-22, da 10-10-13, http://www.scribd.com/doc/118302450/Eating-the-Other-bell-Hooks, mee)

This is theory’s acute ... are ever fulfilled.

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that operates within the debate community to absolve culture
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice ... disable its vigorous affects.”7

Obama and dem dems and crats otta hit our cells 'fore they send anyone anywhere. The role of the ballot is to vote for the team that best performs a methodology that disrupts white supremacist capital patriarchy in this space. The role of the ballot in this round is for you to vote for the team that best performs a methodology that subverts white supremacist capital patriarchy in this space. 

Liberal activist still screaming trust the state – but last time I checked Marissa Alexander was locked up when she went to the state, Condoleeza Rice took the blame for the Bush Doctrine, black women have always been overlooked and blamed – to go to the state is like asking the slave master for bondage all over again
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right about the ... scrutinizing practice called critique.

The way we speak is all we got- its key to our knowledge production. Nommo is a counterlanguage that we aint got no choice but to use to help out
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Whether trying ... and the hostess and her family in particular.

Nommo invokes a creative ability to restore agency through the usage of language – such an act is the basis for building a bridge through performative acts that creates a condition of possibility for all excluded perspectives
Clarke, Assistant Professor of Communication at Northwestern, 2004
(Lynn, studies rhetorical theory and its relationships to philosophy, "Talk About Talk: Promises, Risks, and a Proposition Out of Nommo", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol 18:4, accessed on 10/13/13, Ben)

Importantly, Yancy and ... through speech.

Nommo preserved the ontological subjectivity of black bodies who survived the Middle Passage – our methodology is one that is essential to ontology and strategies that scream “NO!” in the face of white oppression
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012
(George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contrary to the white ... during the African Holocaust.

Tournament: Texas | Round: 3 | Opponent: Baylor Barron-Evans | Judge: Lundeen
Society is controlled by white supremacist capital patriarchy- it strengthens itself by functioning under the surface and exploiting difference. Discussing differences is the only way to create insulation from it because it is about more than just securitizing normative behaviors
hooks, distinguished professor of English at City College in New York, 92
(bell, Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992, “Eating the Other,” from “Black Looks: Race and Representation,” pages 21-22, da 10-10-13, http://www.scribd.com/doc/118302450/Eating-the-Other-bell-Hooks, mee)

This is theory’s acute ... are ever fulfilled.

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that operates within the debate community to absolve culture
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice ...disable its vigorous affects.”7

Meagan and I advocate dat the United Snakes of Amerikkka hit our cells before they hit their keyboards. The role of the ballot is to vote for the team that best performs a methodology that disrupts white supremacist capital patriarchy in this space

Liberal activist still screaming trust the state – but last time I checked Marissa Alexander was locked up when she went to the state, Condoleeza Rice took the blame for the Bush Doctrine, black women have always been overlooked and blamed – to go to the state is like asking the slave master for bondage all over again
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right about ... practice called critique.

The way we speak is all we got- its key to our knowledge production. Nommo is a counterlanguage that we aint got no choice but to use to help out
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Whether trying to understand ... family in particular.

Nommo invokes a creative ability to restore agency through the usage of language – such an act is the basis for building a bridge through performative acts that creates a condition of possibility for all excluded perspectives
Clarke, Assistant Professor of Communication at Northwestern, 2004
(Lynn, studies rhetorical theory and its relationships to philosophy, "Talk About Talk: Promises, Risks, and a Proposition Out of Nommo", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol 18:4, accessed on 10/13/13, Ben)

Importantly, Yancy and ... in and through speech.

Nommo preserved the ontological subjectivity of black bodies who survived the Middle Passage – our methodology is one that is essential to ontology and strategies that scream “NO!” in the face of white oppression
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012
(George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contrary to the white ...during the African Holocaust.

The affirmative use of law as a guiding standard fails to understand law’s dependence on culture – the affirmative re-inscribes the normative culture of exclusion it attempts to alleviate
Ford, George E. Osborne Professor of Law at Stanford University, 2002
(Richard T., Reginald F. Lewis Fellow at Harvard Law School, a litigation associate with Morrison and Foerster, and a housing policy consultant for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Beyond ‘Difference’: A Reluctant Critique of Legal Identity Politics”, pp. 68-70, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

My critique thus ...should be resolved.22

Tournament: Texas | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas Harris-Wefald | Judge: Antonucci
Society is controlled by white supremacist capital patriarchy- it strengthens itself by functioning under the surface and exploiting difference. Discussing differences is the only way to create insulation from it because it is about more than just securitizing normative behaviors
hooks, distinguished professor of English at City College in New York, 92
(bell, Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992, “Eating the Other,” from “Black Looks: Race and Representation,” pages 21-22, da 10-10-13, http://www.scribd.com/doc/118302450/Eating-the-Other-bell-Hooks, mee)

This is theory’s acute ... longings are ever fulfilled.

Whiteness is not a static notion but a dynamic system that operates within the debate community to absolve culture
Reid-Brinkley et al, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, 13
(Shanara, Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union, Amber Kelsie, M.A. Doctoral Student, Department of Communication University of Pittsburgh, Nicholas Brady, Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory University of California, Irvine, Ignacio Evans, B.A. History Towson University, 10-06-13, “We Be Fresh As Hell Wit’ Da Feds Watchin’: A Bad Black Debate Family Responds,” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/, vc)

It is common practice ... its vigorous affects.”7

Meagan and I advocate Da Feds should change they mind bout my cuz Al-Bihani and realize that Word is Bond when it comes to da Chief. The role of the ballot is to vote for the team that best performs a methodology that disrupts white supremacist capital patriarchy in this space

Liberal activist still screaming trust the state – but last time I checked Marissa Alexander was locked up when she went to the state, Condoleeza Rice took the blame for the Bush Doctrine, black women have always been overlooked and blamed – to go to the state is like asking the slave master for bondage all over again
Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002
(Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.23-25, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

If we are right ... practice called critique.

The way we speak is all we got- its key to our knowledge production. Nommo is a counterlanguage that we aint got no choice but to use to help out
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Whether trying to ... family in particular.

Nommo invokes a creative ability to restore agency through the usage of language – such an act is the basis for building a bridge through performative acts that creates a condition of possibility for all excluded perspectives
Clarke, Assistant Professor of Communication at Northwestern, 2004
(Lynn, studies rhetorical theory and its relationships to philosophy, "Talk About Talk: Promises, Risks, and a Proposition Out of Nommo", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol 18:4, accessed on 10/13/13, Ben)

Importantly, Yancy and ... and through speech.

Nommo preserved the ontological subjectivity of black bodies who survived the Middle Passage – our methodology is one that is essential to ontology and strategies that scream “NO!” in the face of white oppression
Yancy, Professor of Philosphy at Duquesne University, 2012
(George, Ph.D. Duquesne University, Reframing the Practice of Philosophy: Bodies of Color, Bodies of Knowledge”, State University Press of New York, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contrary to the white colonialist ...tongue during the African Holocaust.

The affirmative use of law as a guiding standard fails to understand law’s dependence on culture – the affirmative re-inscribes the normative culture of exclusion it attempts to alleviate
Ford, George E. Osborne Professor of Law at Stanford University, 2002
(Richard T., Reginald F. Lewis Fellow at Harvard Law School, a litigation associate with Morrison and Foerster, and a housing policy consultant for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Beyond ‘Difference’: A Reluctant Critique of Legal Identity Politics”, pp. 68-70, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)

My critique thus far will ... the conflict should be resolved.22

Our strategy is one that depends on a intersectional approach – recognizing the temporality of linguistics, culture and collective memory is a critical part of our strategy that helps to reveal how all information informs our knowledge base
Morgan, Professor of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University, 2002
(Marcyliena, Professor of Anthropology at University of California and the editor of Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, “Language Discourse and Power in African American Culture”, Cambridge University Press, accessed on 10/14/13, Ben)

Contact situations are ... being aware of “now.”

Tournament: Texas | Round: 7 | Opponent: Trinity Rothenbaum-Solice | Judge: Roberts
Poem Adapted from Layli Maparyan Phillips, associate professor and graduate director of Women's Studies and African American Studies at Georgia State University, 2006, "Introduction: The Womanist Reader"