Opponent: Michigan State Fagan-Metaj | Judge: Weiner
1AC The United States Federal Government should require Congressional authorization prior to initiating offensive use of military force Intervention Warfighting SOP 1NC Debt Ceiling Self-Restraint Secuirty K Iran DA T-Prohibition 2NR Security
1AC redefine WPR- escalation modeling 1NC Security Ptx PIC out of drones drones good turns 2NR politics
USMA
4
Opponent: CUNY AL | Judge:
1AC biopower bad 1NC FW Speciesm F K narratives bad 2NR FW narratives bad
USMA
6
Opponent: Vanderbilt LP | Judge:
1AC The United States Federal Government should repeal section 2008 of the American Service-Members Protection Act Relations I-law 1NC T-Armed Forces T-WPA Heg DA Iran Politics 2NR T-WPA
USMA
Semis
Opponent: NYU | Judge:
1AC SSP- Info Security and War Machine 1NC T Legal Liberalism Ptx Self Restraint Tradeoff DA 2NR K
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Cites
Entry
Date
Cap K 1NC
Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 5 | Opponent: Binghamton Evans-Bleyle | Judge: Carrasco The affirmatives ignorance of the horrors of capitalism trades off with their ability to reject the real instances of violence it causes – they allow capitalism to insulate its position of power Zizek, senior researcher at University of Ljubljana and Daly, Senior Lecturer University College, 4 (“Risking the Impossible” http://www.lacan.com/zizek-daly.htm, accessed 3-28-10) RKB
The notion of … otherwise sound matrix
Neoliberalism orders the world that renders economically vulnerable societies disposable-creates structural violence and war Giroux, McMaster cultural studies professor, 2008 (Henry, “Beyond the biopolitics of disposability: rethinking neoliberalism in the New Gilded Age”, Social Identities; Sep2008, Vol. 14 Issue 5, p587-620, ebsco, ldg)
The mutually determining … to murderous violence’ (Ziarek, 2008, p. 90).
The alternative is to reject the affirmative’s epistemological lens to clear space for analyzing the totality of capitalist social relations Zizek, Ljubljana Institute for Social Studies researcher, 8 (Slavoj, Violence, p. 207, kns)
Mutatis mutandis, the …thing to do.
2/28/14
Capitalism 1NC
Tournament: JMU | Round: 2 | Opponent: New Diniz-Trevett | Judge: Brass The affirmatives ignorance of the horrors of capitalism trades off with their ability to reject the real instances of violence it causes – they allow capitalism to insulate its position of power Slavoj Zizek, senior researcher at the Institute of Sociology, University of Ljubljana and Glyn Daly, Senior Lecturer in Politics at University College, Northampton, 2004 (“Risking the Impossible” http://www.lacan.com/zizek-daly.htm, accessed 3-28-10) RKB
The notion of impossibility … otherwise sound matrix
The alternative is to reject the affirmative – your rejection spills over and can affect the larger spread of capitalism James Herod, activist and organic intellectual, 2004 (James, "Getting Free," Fourth Edition, January, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/05.htm) hw
Following the terrorist … human rights violations.
Using a ‘gendered lens’ causes us to incorrectly read gender as the root cause of all problems, ignoring other causes such as class and race White 2006 (Sarah C. White, Centre for Development Studies and ESRC REsearch Group on Wellbeing in Developing Countries, University of Bath, UK, "The 'gender lens': a racial blinder?" Progress in development Studies 6, 1 (2006) p55-67) gek
Explicit recognition of …appears no handicap?
The affirmative represents a strategy of lip service restraint re-affirms executive power granting legitimacy to sovereign manipulation of law Posner, Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School and Vermeule, Legal Scholar, 2010 (Eric A., editor of The Journal of Legal Studies and Adrian, clerked for the Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, “ The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic”, Oxford University Press, pp. 207-209, accessed on 10/15/13, Ben)
Some commentators argue … with the law.
Visibility metaphors ignore the social position of the Other Davidson, Vice chair in the Department of Literature, University of California, 8 (Michael, 2008, “Concerto for the left hand: disability and the defamiliar body,” accessed Hathi Trust 10-17-13, mee)
We could see … perspective on it.
11/7/13
Clarion Rd 4 v BC BC Case
Tournament: Clarion | Round: 4 | Opponent: Boston College Boyd-Carelli | Judge: Mistretta Solvency Internal links are based on ending indefinite detention, the plan doesn’t do this.
The plan’s mandate stops at the border- tribunals are still legal abroad Katyal, Yale Law visiting professor, 02 (Neal, 04-2002, “Deciding Guilt: Trying the Military Tribunals”, DOA: 8-20-13, http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/111-6/TribeFINAL.pdf, llc)
B. That Turns the Case US Fed News, 2006 (July 7, “Rep. Markey Blasts Extraordinary Rendition Of Algerian Man Detailed By News Reports”, L/N) NJR
Today, Rep. Ed Markey … our moral authority."
Terrorism Indefinite detention key to stop terrorism Scheid, Winona State Philosophy Professor, ‘10 (Don E. “Indefinite Detention of Mega-terrorists in the War on Terror” Criminal Justice Ethics 29.1 April 2010 pg 1-28 via Proquest accessed: 7-6-13 mlb)
Leadership American soft power is unworkable – nations don’t believe in benevolent hegemony enough to overwhelm their resentment and fear Layne and Thayer, 7 (Christopher, Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University, “American Empire: A Debate” p 68 ) kel
No fair trial – jury prejudiced by procedures and atmosphere Wilson, University of Connecticut School of Law human rights chair, 5 (Richard A., UCONN human rights institute director, “Fair Trials for Terrorists?”, http://www.geoffreyrobertson.com/fair_trials_for_terrorists.htm, DOA: 7-31-13, llc)
Authoritarian states don’t follow norms McGinnis and Somin, ‘7 (John O. Ilya “ Global Constitutionalism: Global Influence On U.S. Jurisprudence: Should International Law Be Part Of Our Law?” Stanford Law Review via lexis accessed: 9-15-13 mlb)
The second benefit … trump domestic law.
11/7/13
Clarion Rd 6 v Army MS Case
Tournament: Clarion | Round: 6 | Opponent: United States Military McGovern-Spikol | Judge: Cramer Solvency Every past president has rejected congressional intrusion Garrison, Kutztown University Prof of Criminal Justice, 12 (Dr. Arthur H., 2012-2013, “History of Executive Branch Legal Opinions on the Power of the President as Commander-in-Chief from Washington to Obama,” Cumberland Law Review, Vol. 43, Issue 3 (2012-2013), hec)
IV. CONCLUSION Historically …Commander in Chief.39' pg. 478-479
Squo solves - Congress declared war when it passed the AUMF Rozeff, Retired Professor at the University of Buffalo, 13 (Michael S., Rozeff, Retired professor of finance, PhD from University of Rochester a MS from the University of Illinois a MBA from the University of Illinois a MAT from the Harvard Graduate School of Education BA from the Harvard College, 5-15-13, “Congress Declared War on September 14, 2001, accessed 8-13-13, http://www.lewrockwell.com/2013/05/michael-s-rozeff/congress-declared-war-on-sept-142001/, aaw)
Chemical weapons terrorism has little impact Posner, 2004 (Richard A., judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, lecturer in law at University of Chicago, Catastrophe: Risk and Response, 84)
Congress doesn’t make intervention better – they approve bad wars and reject good ones Nzelibe and Yoo, law professors, 6 (Jide, Asst. Profesor of Law at Northwestern, Emanuel S., Professor of Law at UC-Berkeley Law, and Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise Institute , “Rational War and Constitutional Design,” 2006, http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/115-9/Nzelibe.pdf, DOA: 10-1-13, ara)
Plan causes transition wars-appeals to nationalism, suspicious elities and minority fears Savun and Tirone, University of Pittsburg Political Science assistant professor, 11 Burcu, University of Pittsburg Political Science assistant professor, and Daniel, University of Pittsburgh political science Ph.D. Candidate, "Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict: How Does Democracy Aid Affect Civil Conflict?," American Journal of Political Science, Vol 55 Issue 2, p233-246, April 2011, Wiley Online Library, accessed 5-16-11, mss
How does democratization …are not credible (Fearon 1998).
11/7/13
Clarion Semis v GMU KN Case
Tournament: Clarion | Round: Semis | Opponent: George Mason Kostiuk-Nijjar | Judge: Davis, Noerr, Webster Dunn Solvency
No first use fails with cyber operations – leave us defenseless and no clear definition of use Clarke and Knake, former National Coordinator for Security, and CFR Cyber security expert, 12 (Richard and Robert, 2012, “Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to do About It,” accessed 9/15/13, Google Books, kns)
However, forswearing the …., most bets are off.
US is using OCOs to deter Iran prolif now – plan signals US abandoning Israel which causes strikes on Iran RT, 12 (RT is the first 24/7 Russian english-speaking news channel, June 1, http://rt.com/news/iran-us-israel-cyberwar-virus-weapon-770/, accessed 11/02/13) mph
Soft power ineffective Inboden, former Senior Director for Strategic Planning on the National Security Council at the White House, 9 (William, Senior Vice-President of the Legatum Institute, “When soft power meets hard choices”, Shadow Government, Foreign Policy, http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/10/06/when_soft_power_meets_hard_choices, accessed 7/17/10) kel
Heg is sustainable – new changes on one facet of leadership aren’t enough the US is still ahead on the greatest combination of strengths. Brooks and Wohlforth, government professors at Dartmouth, 2009 (Stephen and William, “Reshaping the World Order”, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 88, Issue 2, ebsco, ldg)
February 06, 2013 — CSO — The Obama administration's … U.S. is serious.
No China war-too many conflict dampeners Rosecrance, Berkeley political science professor, 2010 (Richard, “Delicately Poised: Are China and the US Heading for Conflict?” Global Asia 4.4, http://www.globalasia.org/l.php?c=e251, DOA: 10-2-12, ldg)
Will China and …answer is no.
US and China’s economies are interdependent- no risk of major attack Donilon, President Obama's National Security Advisor, 13 (Thomas E., 3-11-13, “National Security Advisor Thomas Donilon's Remarks at the Asia Society,” Lawfare, accessed l/n 8-12-13, mee)
Another such issue is cyber-security, which has become a growing challenge to our economic relationship as well. Economies as large as the United States and China have a tremendous shared stake in ensuring that the Internet remains open, interoperable, secure, reliable, and stable. Both countries face risks when it comes to protecting personal data and communications, financial transactions, critical infrastructure, or the intellectual property and trade secrets that are so vital to innovation and economic growth. It is in this last category that our concerns have moved to the forefront of our agenda. I am not talking about ordinary cybercrime or hacking. And, this is not solely a national security concern or a concern of the U.S. government. Increasingly, U.S. businesses are speaking out about their serious concerns about sophisticated, targeted theft of confidential business information and proprietary technologies through cyber intrusions emanating from China on an unprecedented scale. The international community cannot afford to tolerate such activity from any country. As the President said in the State of the Union, we will take action to protect our economy against cyber-threats.
Norms fail- nations pick and choose and only cite norms to cover decisions McGinnis and Somin, Northwestern University School of Law professor and George Mason University School of Law professor, 7 (John and Ilya, 3/17/07, “Global Constitutionalism: Global Influence on U.S. Jurisprudence: Should International Law Be Part of Our Law?,” accessed 9/28/13, lexis nexis, kns)
Tournament: Navy | Round: 1 | Opponent: GMU JN | Judge: Ezsenyi The United States federal government should pass a concurrent Congressional resolution expressing Congressional support for an increase in statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President banning the use of drones for targeted killing in Yemen and expressing the intent to remove funding if the executive continues to USE DRONES OR TARGETTING KILLING IN YEMEN. _.
Furthermore, Justice Jackson’s … even better indicia.108
CP solves- changes allocation of authority Gersen and Posner, University of Chicago Law and Harvard Law professors, 8 (Jacob and Eric, December 2008, “Soft Law: Lessons from Congressional Practice,” Stanford Law Review, accessed 11/20/13, lexis nexis, kns)
Tournament: JMU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Vanderbilt Paulo-Roso | Judge: Paqueo Counterplan: The President of the United States should issue an executive order making the covert action regime the presumptive framework for cyber-attacks.
Counterplan solves and spillovers to other administrations- AND avoids politics Brecher, J.D. candidate, University of Michigan Law School, 2013 (Aaron, “Cyberattacks and the Covert Action Statute: Toward a Domestic Legal Framework for Offensive Cyberoperations,” Michigan Law Review, May 2013, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1980976, accessed 8/6/13, kns)
Obama strategically avoided defeat on Syria and Summers – the plan signals weakness the GOP will exploit on debt ceiling Garrett, distinguished fellow, George Washington University School of Media and Public Affairs, 9-17 (Major, National Journal correspondent, “A September to Surrender: Syria and Summers Spell Second-Term Slump,” 9-17-13, http://www.nationaljournal.com/all-powers/a-september-to-surrender-syria-and-summers-spell-second-term-slump-20130917, DOA: 9-21-13, ara)
Global economic crisis causes another nuclear war Merlini, Center on the United States and Europe nonresident senior fellow, 2011 (Cesare, “A Post-Secular World?”, Survival, 53.2, ebsco, ldg)
Two neatly opposed…as unbridled nationalism.
9/25/13
Drones DA 1NC
Tournament: JMU | Round: Quarters | Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Panetti | Judge: Godbey, Keeton, Sommers Drone strikes decreasing now Farshori, VOA reporter, 13 (Kokab, Voice of America, 8-27-13, “Are US Drone Strikes in Pakistan Winding Down?,” da 9-16-13, http://www.voanews.com/content/drone-strikes/1737799.html, mee)
But now, more … entirely,” he said.
Restricting indefinite detention leads to an increase in drone strikes Chesney, Francis Professor in Law, University of Texas School of Law, 11 (Robert M., “Who May Be Held? Military Detention Through The Habeas Lens,” 52 Boston College Law Rev 769, May 2011, accessed l/n 8-8-13, mee)
The convergence thesis …. habeas corpus litigation.
Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Panetti | Judge: Godbey Drone strikes decreasing now Farshori, VOA reporter, 13 (Kokab, Voice of America, 8-27-13, “Are US Drone Strikes in Pakistan Winding Down?,” da 9-16-13, http://www.voanews.com/content/drone-strikes/1737799.html, mee)
But now, more than … entirely,” he said.
Restricting indefinite detention leads to an increase in drone strikes Chesney, Francis Professor in Law, University of Texas School of Law, 11 (Robert M., “Who May Be Held? Military Detention Through The Habeas Lens,” 52 Boston College Law Rev 769, May 2011, accessed l/n 8-8-13, mee)
The convergence thesis … habeas corpus litigation.
Drone violence is justified by pretending that we save lives through precision bombing. This is the triumph of biopolitical calculation by which life is protected by and while killing it- turns case Wilcox, John Hopkins Department of Political Science fellow, 9 (Laurne, Charles and Amy Scharf, 2009, “Body Counts: The Politics of Embodiment in Precision Warfare,” Political Theory Colloquium, accessed 10/15/13, http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/0/1/1/2/p501128_index.html?phpsessid=cc7115e165b9940eae1db3a31ea049ed, kns)
In discourse of … arsenal,” (Melinger 2001).
11/7/13
F Kritik
Tournament: USMA | Round: 4 | Opponent: CUNY AL | Judge: The F word is the linguistic nuclear weapon. Its is a form of rhetorical sexual exploitation on the verge of rape that allows the speaker to exalt their self above the listener. Campbell 07 (Glen, Family Court Philosopher, 2/4/07, http://www.familycourtchronicles.com/philosophy/fuck/).
"Fuck" is generally … to a victim.
Rejection of the word is necessary to curb the universal incestuous desire. Fairman 07 (Christopher M., Associate Professor of Law “Fuck”, February, 2007, Cardozo Law Review, l/n).
Even if you … universal incestuous desire. n106
10/21/13
FW
Tournament: USMA | Round: 4 | Opponent: CUNY AL | Judge: Implementation-the aff will always win the principles of their advocacy are good in the abstract- we can only debate the merits of arguments if they defend the specific consequences of political implementation Michael Ignatieff, Harvard Carr Center for Human Rights Policy director and human rights practices professor, 04 (The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, 20-21)
There are two …. to betray another.
10/21/13
Framework 1NC
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas City Kansas CC Glanzman-Miles | Judge: Eszenyi “Resolved” before a colon reflects a legislative forum Army Officer School 2005 (“# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, 5-12, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm, DOA: 2-1-12, ldg)
The colon introduces…petition the mayor.
Resolved means enact policy Words and Phrases 1964 Permanent Edition
Definition of the…establish by law”.
“USFG should” means the debate is solely about a policy established by governmental means Ericson, California Polytechnic dean emeritus, 2003 (Jon, The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, pg 4, ldg)
The Proposition of Policy:…that you propose.
Debate over a controversial point of action creates argumentative stasis—that’s key to avoid a devolution of debate into competing truth claims, which destroys the decision-making benefits of the activity Steinberg and Freeley, Miami communication studies lecturer and Boston based attorney, 2008 (David and Austin, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, pg 45, ldg)
Debate is a…the following discussion.
Having to taking a stance in favor of the resolution is key to deliberative reasoning and pragmatic opportunity cost assessment Gutmann and Thompson, former Princeton professor and Harvard political philosophy professor, 1996 (Amy and Dennis, Democracy and disagreement, pg 1-3, ldg)
Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s…problem-based scenarios.
Deliberation is the best model-continual testing bolsters advocacy and inclusion-this means we create better methods of engagement to resolve the AFF but they don’t resolve this offense-only switching sides on a point of stasis maximizes this potential Talisse, Vanderbilt philosophy professor, 2005 (Robert, “Deliberativist responses to activist challenges”, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 31.4, project muse, ldg)
Nonetheless, the deliberativist…he is unreasonable.
Effective deliberative discourse is the lynchpin to solving all existential social and political problems Lundberg, UNC Chapel Hill communications professor, 2010 (Christian, Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, pg 311-3, ldg)
The second major problem…colleges and universities.
Dialogue is the biggest impact—the process of discussion precedes any truth claim by magnifying the benefits of any discussion Morson, Northwestern professor, 2004 (Gary, Bakhtinian Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Learning (Learning in Doing: Social, Cognitive and Computational Perspectives), pg 330-2, ldg)
A belief in …the conversation going.
9/25/13
Framework v JMU GP
Tournament: JMU | Round: Quarters | Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Panetti | Judge: Godbey, Keeton, Sommers “Should” means “shall” or “must” – the affirmative is required to defend implementation Nieto, Colorado Court of Appeals judge, 2009 (Henry, People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009), lexis, ldg)
"Should" is "used . … to be mandatory).
10/14/13
GSPEC 1NC
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgia Jones-Escobedo | Judge: Steiner Courts affs have to specify the grounds Dragich, Associate Professor of Law, Missouri-Columbia, 95 (Martha, 1995, “Will the Federal Courts of Appeals Perish if they Publish? Or Does the Declining use of Opinions to Explain and Justify Judicial Decisions Pose a Greater Threat?”, accessed:1-28-14, http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1140andcontext=facpubs, amp)
Opinions also permit …and the result.
2/28/14
GSU Rd 1 v App State BQ
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Appalachian State Qubain-Bass | Judge: Bankey Drone courts fail – violates Constitution and zero accountability Epps, University of Baltimore Law Prof., 13 (Garrett, a former reporter for The Washington Post, is a novelist and legal scholar, “Why a Secret Court Won't Solve the Drone-Strike Problem,” 2-16-13, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/02/why-a-secret-court-wont-solve-the-drone-strike-problem/273246/#, accessed 7-30-13, hec)
U.S. can’t deploy heg to solve conflicts – public restraint, international relations, and deployment capabilities Talmadge, Staff Writer for the Harvard International Review, 2006 (Caitlin, Ph.D. candidate in political science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, "The Restrained Hegemon," 5-6-06, Harvard International Review, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://hir.harvard.edu/intelligence/the-restrained-hegemon, accessed 3-17-11, mtf)
First, the domestic avoids acting like one.\
Heg is sustainable – new changes on one facet of leadership aren’t enough the US is still ahead on the greatest combination of strengths. Brooks and Wohlforth, government professors at Dartmouth, 2009 (Stephen and William, “Reshaping the World Order”, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 88, Issue 2, ebsco, ldg)
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas City Kansas CC Glanzman-Miles | Judge: Eszenyi Their emphasis on experience and individual perspective leaves relational power unchecked and capricious- it creates a template for hegemonic oppression Tonn, University of Maryland communications associate professor, 2005 Mari Boor, "TAKING CONVERSATION, DIALOGUE,AND THERAPY PUBLIC," Rhetoric and Public Affairs, Vol 8 No 3, ebscohost, accessed 2-17-10, mss
This widespread recognition… of democracy itself.
The aff destroys any political project and allows the right to take over Perkins, professor of English at Saint Mary’s University, 1993 (J. Russell, “Theorizing the Culture Wars”, PMC 3.3, project muse, ldg)
My final criticism…and the left
Rejecting politics destroys common frameworks for challenging the status quo. Chandler, Westminster IR professor, 2004 (David, “Building Global Civil Society `From Below'?”, Millennium, vol 33, no 4, SAGE premier, ldg)
The struggle for…peacefully in their beds.
Spanos theory has no historical backing and his writing style only recreates what he rejects Bryant, Professor of English at Hofstra University, 1997 (John, “Review: Democracy, Being, and the art of becoming America”, College English. Urbana: Oct 1997. Vol. 59, Iss. 6; pg. 705, proquest, ldg)
As bracing as Spanos's…more effective voice.
The image of the colonized Other in Spanos’ criticism re-creates the myth of the “noble savage,” damning his ontological rethinking to become the new master narrative of the West. Zhang 1999 (Logxi, Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of California, and Chair Professor of Comparative Literature and Translation at City University of Hong Kong, Mighty Opposites, 19-21 )gek
temporary society are to be…between China and the West.
Anti-imperialism fail to unseat domination, instead they leave a nihilistic rage which perpetuates violence Kenan Malik (Kenan is a researcher, lecturer and broadcaster. His writing has appeared Nature, TLS, THES, Prospect, Guardian, Independent, Financial Times, Sunday Times, Sunday Telegraph, Independent on Sunday, New Statesman and Spectator. His books include Man, beast and zombie (2000) and The meaning of race (1996). spoke at the spiked conference After 11 September: Fear and Loathing in the West, at the Bishopsgate Institute in London.) gek
According to this…backward-looking strands.
Considering the other and displacing the center with the periphery cannot break the current dominant ontology. Babich 1995 (Dr. Babette, Professor of Philosophy, Fordham University, "Against Analysis, Beyond Postmodernism" with Debra B. Bergoffern and Simon V. Glynn, Continental and Postmoder Perspectives in the Philosophy of Science. Avebury. Aldershot, UK/Brookfield,http://www.fordham.edu/philosophy/lc/babich/cpbabich.htm) gek
If I begin with…dialectic of lies.
9/25/13
GSU Rd 5 v Samford CH
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 5 | Opponent: Samford Carley-Higgins | Judge: Kall No drone prolif- their ev misunderstands the international system- political costs, air defenses, expenses, deployment, retal all prevent Singh, researcher at the Center for a New American Security, 12 (Joseph, 8-13-12, “Betting Against a Drone Arms Race,” da 9-14-13, http://nation.time.com/2012/08/13/betting-against-a-drone-arms-race/#ixzz2etdWwTG8, mee)
Prolif inevitable – China Singer, Brookings 21st Century Security and Intelligence Director, 13 (Peter Warren, director of the Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence at the Brookings Institution, “The Proliferation of Drones,” 6-19-13, https://ip-journal.dgap.org/en/ip-journal/topics/proliferation-drones, accessed 7-28-13, hec)
Drones don’t violate international law AND they’re inevitable Carafano, Vice President of Foreign and Defense Policy Studies, 13 (James Jay, E.W. Richardson Fellow, Director of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, Heritage Foundation, “The Future of Drones”, http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2013/3/the-future-of-drones, 04/25/2013, da: 07/31/2013, lmm)
Will America’s drone wars…any time soon.
9/25/13
Geoengineering CP
Tournament: Texas | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kansas Monaghan-Nelson | Judge: Repko Counterplan: The United States Federal Government should: • release sulfate aerosols sufficient to increase Earth’s albedo by two percent, distributed over time, near the tropical upward branch of the stratospheric circulation system, • adjust albedo enhancement as necessary as data becomes available based on the results, • and should not stop abruptly without taking into account the effect on carbon sinks, or without the ability to quickly restart if necessary.
Counterplan solves warming- natural albedo enhancement and best climate science prove Ikle, CSIS distinguished scholar, and Wood, Hoover Institute research fellow, 2008 Fred, undersecretary of defense for policy for President Ronald Reagan and director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency for Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and Lowell, "Climatic Engineering," The National Interest, l/n, accessed 9-6-10, mss
Moreover, climate scientists …. eruption in 1991.
2/28/14
Heg DA 1NC
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 5 | Opponent: Samford Carley-Higgins | Judge: Kall Heg high now- military strength is key Kagan, PhD, Brookings Institute fellow, 12 (Robert, 1/17/12, “Not Fade Away: Against the Myth of American Decline,” accessed 9/5/13, http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2012/0117_us_power_kagan.aspx, kns)
Military capacity matters…of the world.
Executive flexibility key to effective military responses Yoo, former Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 13 (John C., UC Berkeley law prof, visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and has been a visiting professor at Chapman Law School, the University of Chicago, and the Free University of Amsterdam, and he held the Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Law at the University of Trento, 8-30-13, “Like it or not, Constitution allows Obama to strike Syria without Congressional approval,” da 9-18-13, http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/08/30/constitution-allows-obama-to-strike-syria-without-congressional-approval/#ixzz2fGz6O87Y, mee)
That causes great power war Hillebrand, Kentucky diplomacy professor, 2010 (Evan, “Deglobalization Scenarios: Who Wins? Who Loses?”, Global Economy Journal, Volume 10, Issue 2, ebsco, ldg)
A long line of writers…interstate war rises.
9/25/13
ICC Counterplan
Tournament: Clarion | Round: 4 | Opponent: Boston College Boyd-Carelli | Judge: Mistretta Text: The ICC should exercise its existing jurisdiction to prosecute acts of terrorism
Solves the aff with an international legal consensus Maloney-Dunn, Willamette University College of Law International Human Rights professor, 2010 (Kathleen, “Humanizing Terrorism Through International Criminal Law: Equal Justice for Victims, Fair Treatment of Suspects, and Fundamental Human Rights at the ICC,” Santa Clara Journal of International Law, September 12, 2010, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1675567, accessed 7/29/13, kns)
It is important … of?national security.?
International forums provide legitimacy and prevent international backlash- solves heg Reeves, Major, U.S. Army, West Point Law professor, 2009 (Shane, “International Criminal Trials for the Guantanamo "Hard Cases",” Harvard International Review, March 2, 2009, http://hir.harvard.edu/international-criminal-trials-for-the-guantanamo-hard-cases, accessed 7/31/13, kns)
Feminist theory relies on stabilized notions of male/female and excludes all those between and beyond the two, reinforcing heterosexuality- turns case Kathy Davis et al, 2006. (Mary Evans and Judity Lorber. Handbook of Gender and Women's Studies, pg 310 google books). Jt
Using a ‘gendered lens’ causes us to incorrectly read gender as the root cause of all problems, ignoring other causes such as class and race—this is a form of racism. White 2006 (Sarah C. White, Centre for Development Studies and ESRC REsearch Group on Wellbeing in Developing Countries, University of Bath, UK, "The 'gender lens': a racial blinder?" Progress in development Studies 6, 1 (2006) p55-67) gek
The Affirmative poses the question of ethics only insofar as it relates to the domain of politics. Tying ethical reorientation of ourselves with the reorientation of our collective political spheres takes precedent and in the process produces these ethics and our relationship with others merely as a background for political transformations. The affirmative makes the question not how much how we can change ourselves but instead how we can change our institutions to change ourselves. This process produces mediated relationships which makes genuine ethical engagement impossible. Zupan?i?, 2000 (Alenka, Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy @ the Slovene Academy of Sciences in Ljubljana, Ethics of the Real: Kant and Lacan, p 10-11) cnb
In other words, … as a priori.
The Affirmative increase of Internet availability destroys interpersonal community—embodiment is key to genuine intersubjectivity and significance Dreyfus, Prof. of Philosophy at UC Berkeley, 2009 (Hubert, On the Internet, 2nd Edition, Routledge, e-book copy http://site.ebrary.com/lib/liberty/Doc?id=10258136, pg. 83-84) cab
We have now … to do so.
Virtual communities are comparatively worse at securing our ethical engagement—the face-to-face encounter with the other is key to developing true ethical subjectivity and overcoming community exclusions and personal prejudices Introna and Brigham, Lancaster University, 2007 (Lucas D. Introna, Martin Brigham, (2007) "Reconsidering community and the stranger in the age of virtuality", Society and Business Review, Vol. 2 Iss: 2, pg. 173-174) cab
Our discussion so far … what is alive”.
The expansion of internet technology dramatically increases the power of the state to securitize and justify interventionist wars Walsh and Barbara, Research Fellows at Deakin University, 2006 (Lucas and Julien, Ph. D., "Speed, International Security, and 'New War' Coverage in Cyberspace," Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12, pg. 200) cab
Virilio and Lotringer’s (1997) concept … basis for intervention.
Critiques of law and governmentality fail—they misunderstand the nature of power and pragmatic action trumps theory. Schotel, University of Amsterdam Law Professor, 2005 (Bas, “Defending our legal practices: A legal Critique of Giorgio Agamben's state of exception”, Assistant professor in legal theory, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, Ph.D. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, LLM Columbia University http://dare.uva.nl/document/191053, accessed 1-3-12-AT)
No first use fails with cyber operations – leave us defenseless and no clear definition of use Clarke and Knake, former National Coordinator for Security, and CFR Cyber security expert, 12 (Richard and Robert, 2012, “Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to do About It,” accessed 9/15/13, Google Books, kns)
However, forswearing the … most bets are off. Accidental Escalation Preemptive attacks key to prevent escalatory cyber attacks Libicki, RAND Corporation senior management scientist, 13 (Martin, 1/9, “Up for Debate: Cybersecurity,” accessed: 8/9/2013, http://blogs.fas.org/blog/2013/01/up-for-debate-cybersecurity/, ADC)
But the most …raises fewer issues
Cyber war inevitable Crawford, Wake Forest University School of Law, 11 (Colin S., J.D. Candidate, 2011, “Stuxnet: Cyber Conflict, Article 2(4), And The Continuum Of Culpability,” da 8-14-13, http://works.bepress.com/colin_crawford/1/, mee)
Definitional frameworks which … scope of this essay.
SOP is obsolete and incapable of regulating the executive- other branches lack capacity Posner and Vermeule, University of Chicago professor and Harvard Law School professor, 11 (Eric and Adrian, 2/16/11, “The Credible Executive,” Social Science Network, accessed 9/14/13, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=931501, kns)
We begin with … and administrative behavior.
Consequentialism o/w Isaac, political science professor Indiana University, 2002 (Jeffrey, “Ends, Means, and Politics, Dissent Magazine, Spring 2002, ldg)
Power is not … undermines political effectiveness.
Plan causes transition wars-appeals to nationalism, suspicious elities and minority fears Savun and Tirone, University of Pittsburg Political Science assistant professor, 11 Burcu, University of Pittsburg Political Science assistant professor, and Daniel, University of Pittsburgh political science Ph.D. Candidate, "Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict: How Does Democracy Aid Affect Civil Conflict?," American Journal of Political Science, Vol 55 Issue 2, p233-246, April 2011, Wiley Online Library, accessed 5-16-11, mss
How does democratization …are not credible (Fearon 1998).
Cybersecurity The U.S. needs fast-moving offensive capabilities to prevent cyberwar Jarrett, former Intelligence and Information Warfare Department at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Atlantic chief technology officer, 2011 (Stephen, 12/11, “Offensive Cyber Warfare,” accessed 8/9/13, http://search.proquest.com/docview/911802288, kns)
No first use fails with cyber operations – leave us defenseless and no clear definition of use Clarke and Knake, former National Coordinator for Security, and CFR Cyber security expert, 12 (Richard and Robert, 2012, “Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to do About It,” accessed 9/15/13, Google Books, kns)
However, forswearing the …, most bets are off. Heg A. Grid In house mitigation efforts solve Aimone, Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense BEI director, 9-12-12 (Michael, “Statement Before the House Committee on Homeland Security, Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection and Security Technologies”, http://homeland.house.gov/sites/homeland.house.gov/files/Testimony20-20Aimone.pdf, DOA: 10-12-12, ldg)
Chemical weapons terrorism has little impact Posner, 2004 (Richard A., judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, lecturer in law at University of Chicago, Catastrophe: Risk and Response, 84)
Soft power leads to nothing, hard power will always be necessary for security threats Inboden, former Senior Director for Strategic Planning on the National Security Council at the White House, 9 (William, Senior Vice-President of the Legatum Institute, “When soft power meets hard choices”, Shadow Government, Foreign Policy, http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/10/06/when_soft_power_meets_hard_choices, accessed 7/17/10) kel
February 06, 2013 — CSO — The Obama … U.S. is serious.
Deterrence, political leadership and economic focus mean no escalation Alagappa, Victoria University International Relations Professor, 11 (Muthiah, East-West Center Fellow, "A changing Asia: Prospects for war, peace, cooperation and order", 12-21-11, pnz.sagepub.com/content/63/2/155.full.pdf+html, accessed 9-12-12, AT)
In certain cases (China-Taiwan, … or military clashes.
Heg is sustainable – new changes on one facet of leadership aren’t enough the US is still ahead on the greatest combination of strengths. Brooks and Wohlforth, government professors at Dartmouth, 2009 (Stephen and William, “Reshaping the World Order”, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 88, Issue 2, ebsco, ldg)
U.S. can’t deploy heg to solve conflicts – public restraint, international relations, and deployment capabilities Talmadge, Staff Writer for the Harvard International Review, 2006 (Caitlin, Ph.D. candidate in political science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, "The Restrained Hegemon," 5-6-06, Harvard International Review, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://hir.harvard.edu/intelligence/the-restrained-hegemon, accessed 3-17-11, mtf)
First, the domestic …acting like one.\
US can’t project power now Parent et al., Miamia political science professor, 2011 (Joseph, “The Wisdom of Retrenchment”, Foreign Affairs, Nov/Dec, ebsco, ldg)
The trend of … is leaking cash.
No impact to heg collapse- peaceful, liberal order is durable Ikenberry, Princeton IR professor, 11 (John, Princeton University Albert G. Milbank Politics and International affairs professor, "The Future of the Liberal World Order," Foreign Affairs, May/June 2011, 90(3), 56-68, ebsco, accessed 8-1-11, mss/atw)
the liberal international … the United States.
10/14/13
Kentucky Rd 2 v Bing GF Case
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Binghamton George-Friedman | Judge: Bellon The Affirmative poses the question of ethics only insofar as it relates to the ballot. Tying ethical reorientation of ourselves with the reorientation of our collective political spheres takes precedent and in the process produces these ethics and our relationship with others merely as a background for political transformations. The affirmative makes the question not how much how we can change ourselves but instead how we can change our institutions to change ourselves. This process produces mediated relationships which makes genuine ethical engagement impossible. Zupan?i?, 2000 (Alenka, Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy @ the Slovene Academy of Sciences in Ljubljana, Ethics of the Real: Kant and Lacan, p 10-11) cnb
In other words, … as a priori.
Their unproblematic construction of “seen” is a form of ableist Othering that distorts the experiences of those who live it Gallagher, Professor at University of Northern Iowa, 2006 (Deborah J., Ph.D. from University of Virginia, “On Using Blindness as Metaphor and Difficult Questions: A Response to Ben-Moshe,” Disability Studies Quarterly, Volume 26, No. 2, Online, Written Spring 2006, Accessed 03/26/2013, AJH)
Blindness cannot be … obviate its limitations.
Unity projects like the K have always empirically led to infiltration and colonization – only affirming difference can open space for ethical relations Plumwood, was an Australian Research Council Fellow at the Australian National University, 10 (Val, “Deep Ecology, Deep Pockets, Deep Problems: A feminist Ecosocialist Perspective”, Beneath the Surface: Critical Essays in the Philosophy of Deep Ecology, pg. 59+, 8/20/12, atl)
The popular interpretation, … of the other)
Systems of power are inevitable and universal—resistance from inside the system is possible and is the only possibility for transformative potential. Weberman, Central European University Philosophy Professor, 2000 (David, "are freedom and anti-humanism compatible? the case of foucault and butler" Constellations: an international journal of critical and democratic theory, 7.22, gek)
One might well … existence of freedom.
Spanos theory has no historical backing and his writing style only recreates what he rejects Bryant, Professor of English at Hofstra University, 1997 (John, “Review: Democracy, Being, and the art of becoming America”, College English. Urbana: Oct 1997. Vol. 59, Iss. 6; pg. 705, proquest, ldg)
As bracing as … more effective voice.
The image of the colonized Other in Spanos’ criticism re-creates the myth of the “noble savage,” damning his ontological rethinking to become the new master narrative of the West. Zhang 1999 (Logxi, Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of California, and Chair Professor of Comparative Literature and Translation at City University of Hong Kong, Mighty Opposites, 19-21 )gek
temporary society are … and the West.
Anti-imperialism fail to unseat domination, instead they leave a nihilistic rage which perpetuates violence Kenan Malik (Kenan is a researcher, lecturer and broadcaster. His writing has appeared Nature, TLS, THES, Prospect, Guardian, Independent, Financial Times, Sunday Times, Sunday Telegraph, Independent on Sunday, New Statesman and Spectator. His books include Man, beast and zombie (2000) and The meaning of race (1996). spoke at the spiked conference After 11 September: Fear and Loathing in the West, at the Bishopsgate Institute in London.) gek
According to this … backward-looking strands.
The concept of ‘bare life’ denies agency—the potentiality of being transcends the limits of power structures. Neilson, professor University of Western Sydney, 2004 (Brett, “Potenza Nuda? Sovereignty, Biopolitics, Capitalism”, http://www.usyd.edu.au/contretemps/5december2004/neilson.pdf, ldg)
In these articulations … of permanent innovation.
10/8/13
Kentucky Rd 4 v JMU CP Case
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: James Madison Perez-Cooper | Judge: Box Solvency Targeted killing regulation is impossible Alston, NYU Law Professor, 11 (Philip, “The CIA and Targeted Killings Beyond Borders,” 2011, 2 Harv Nat'l Sec. J. 283, l/n, accessed 10-2-13, ara)
Despite the existence … such an option.
Access to crucial information makes executive power key and inevitable Marshall, University of South Carolina law prof, 8 (William P, Kenan Professor of Law, 2008, “Eleven Reasons Why Presidential Power Inevitably Expands And Why It Matters,” Boston University Law Review, Vol. 88:505, da 9-16-13, http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/bulr/documents/MARSHALL.pdf , mee)
Bin Ladin’s and al-Zawahiri’s … limited number of casualties.
Modeling
No drone prolif- their ev misunderstands the international system- political costs, air defenses, expenses, deployment, retal all prevent Singh, researcher at the Center for a New American Security, 12 (Joseph, 8-13-12, “Betting Against a Drone Arms Race,” da 9-14-13, http://nation.time.com/2012/08/13/betting-against-a-drone-arms-race/#ixzz2etdWwTG8, mee)
Bold predictions of … associated with their use.
Norms fail- nations pick and choose and only cite norms to cover decisions McGinnis and Somin, Northwestern University School of Law professor and George Mason University School of Law professor, 7 (John and Ilya, 3/17/07, “Global Constitutionalism: Global Influence on U.S. Jurisprudence: Should International Law Be Part of Our Law?,” accessed 9/28/13, lexis nexis, kns)
The second benefit … trump domestic law.
No miscalc – notions of a hair trigger aren’t real Slocombe, former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, ‘9 (Walter B., former NSC member, CFR member, practicing lawyer “De-Altering: Diagnoses, Prescriptions and Side-Effects” 21-23 June 2009 http://www.ewi.info/system/files/Slocombe.pdf accessed: 10-3-13 mlb)
Advocates of other, … against technical error.
No Chinese aggression- political constraints Erickson and Strange, assoc prof and researcher at Naval War College, 13 (Andrew, associate professor at the Naval War College and an Associate in Research at Harvard University's Fairbank Centre, and Austin, researcher at the Naval War College's China Maritime Studies Institute, May 29, 2013, “China has drones. Now how will it use them?,” Foreign Affairs, McClatchy-Tribune, da 9-14-13, http://www.nationmultimedia.com/opinion/China-has-drones-Now-how-will-it-use-them-30207095.html, mee)
Indeed, the time … own drone programme.
10/8/13
Kentucky Rd 6 v Michigan State FM Case
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan State Fagan-Metaj | Judge: Weiner Solvency Oversight fails – delegation and emergencies guarantee circumvention Posner, University of Chicago Law Professor, and Vermeule, Harvard Law Professor, 11 (Eric, Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School, and Adrian, Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic, p. 7-10, March 2011, ara)
Having defined our ... slip off altogether.
Intervention
Status quo solves and disproves their authors. Even though Obama claimed authority on Syria, the fact that he asked for authorization sets a sufficient precedent Shane, 9/2 Author, 'Connecting Democracy' and 'Madison's Nightmare'; Law professor, “Rebalancing War Powers: President Obama's Momentous Decision” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-m-shane/rebalancing-war-powers-pr_b_3853232.html
But seeking authorization … be courting impeachment.
No groupthink—Congress wouldn’t help Posner and Vermeule, 7 *Kirkland and Ellis Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School AND professor at Harvard Law School (Eric and Adrian, Terror in the Balance: Security, Liberty, and the Courts p. 46-47)
Warfigthing Obama’s not Bush—no backlash to liberal order Aziz, 13 (Omer, graduate student at Cambridge University, is a researcher at the Center for International and Defense Policy at Queen’s University, “The Obama Doctrine's Second Term,” Project Syndicate, 2-5, http://www.project-syndicate.org/blog/the-obama-doctrine-s-second-term~-~-by-omer-aziz)
The Obama Doctrine’s … failed imperial policies.
ANY alt cause takes out the aff Gray, 11 Colin S, Professor of International Politics and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, England, and Founder of the National Institute for Public Policy, “Hard Power And Soft Power: The Utility Of Military Force as An Instrument Of Policy In The 21st Century,” April, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=1059
It bears repeating … from its past.
Executive power key to effective deployment of forces- necessary to fight terror Kahn, Yale Law School professor of Law and Humanities, 2000 (Paul, “THE SEVENTH ANNUAL FRITZ B. BURNS LECLTURE THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION AND KOSOVO: WAR POWERS AND THE MILLENNIUM,”, Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, November 2000, lexis nexis, accessed 7/5/13, kns)
Domestically, Congress often …seemingly contradictory results.
Soft power leads to nothing, hard power will always be necessary for security threats Inboden, former Senior Director for Strategic Planning on the National Security Council at the White House, 9 (William, Senior Vice-President of the Legatum Institute, “When soft power meets hard choices”, Shadow Government, Foreign Policy, http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/10/06/when_soft_power_meets_hard_choices, accessed 7/17/10) kel
Soft-power skeptics …. carries the day.
SOP
SOP is obsolete and incapable of regulating the executive- other branches lack capacity Posner and Vermeule, University of Chicago professor and Harvard Law School professor, 11 (Eric and Adrian, 2/16/11, “The Credible Executive,” Social Science Network, accessed 9/14/13, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=931501, kns)
We begin with …. and administrative behavior.
SOP resilient Rosman 96 Michael E. Rosman (General Counsel @ Center for Individual Rights; JD from Yale); Review of “FIGHTING WORDS: INDIVIDUALS, COMMUNITIES AND LIBERTIES OF SPEECH”; Constitutional Commentary 96 (Winter, p. 343-345)
Of course, the ... slide into tyranny.
No reverse causal—countries won’t magically clean up their act Chodosh, 3 (Hiram, Professor of Law, Director of the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, 38 Tex. Int'l L.J. 587, lexis)
Exposure to foreign systems …as a whole. 105
10/8/13
Kentucky Rd 7 v Iowa CS Case
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 7 | Opponent: Iowa Croat-Shearer | Judge: Foley Solvency Access to crucial information makes executive power key and inevitable Marshall, University of South Carolina law prof, 8 (William P, Kenan Professor of Law, 2008, “Eleven Reasons Why Presidential Power Inevitably Expands And Why It Matters,” Boston University Law Review, Vol. 88:505, da 9-16-13, http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/bulr/documents/MARSHALL.pdf , mee)
No impact—drones make wars less intense McGinnis, Northwestern law professor, 10 (John O, “Accelerating AI,” April 2010, 104 Nw. U. L. Rev. Colloquy 366, l/n, ara)
Bin Ladin’s and al-Zawahiri’s … number of casualties.
Drones don’t increase AQAP recruitment- economic alt cause overwhelms aff solvency Swift, Adjunct Prof of National Security Studies at Georgetown University, 12 (Christopher, previously served in the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, and a Fellow at the University of Virginia Law School’s Center for National Security Law, 7-5-12, “The D Rone Blowback Fallacy Strikes In Yemen Aren't Pushing People To Al-Qaeda,” da 9-14-13, http://www.yementimes.com/en/1587/opinion/1097/The-d-rone-blowback-fallacy-Strikes-in-Yemen-aren27t-pushing-people-to-Al-Qaeda.htm, mee)
Key to preventing terrorism in Yemen- better than the alternative of cruise missiles Watts and Cilluffo, HSPI senior fellow and director, 12 (Clinton, Senior Analyst with the Navanti Group, former U.S. Army Officer and former Special Agent with the FBI, and Frank J., The George Washington University Homeland Security Policy Institute, June 21, 2012, “Drones In Yemen: Is The U.S. On Target?,” HSPI Issue Brief Series, HSPI Issue Brief 16, http://www.gwumc.edu/hspi/policy/drones.pdf, mee)
Iran warned Saudi Arabia … engaging in bellicose rhetoric.
Prolif
No drone prolif- their ev misunderstands the international system- political costs, air defenses, expenses, deployment, retal all prevent Singh, researcher at the Center for a New American Security, 12 (Joseph, 8-13-12, “Betting Against a Drone Arms Race,” da 9-14-13, http://nation.time.com/2012/08/13/betting-against-a-drone-arms-race/#ixzz2etdWwTG8, mee)
Norms fail- nations pick and choose and only cite norms to cover decisions McGinnis and Somin, Northwestern University School of Law professor and George Mason University School of Law professor, 7 (John and Ilya, 3/17/07, “Global Constitutionalism: Global Influence on U.S. Jurisprudence: Should International Law Be Part of Our Law?,” accessed 9/28/13, lexis nexis, kns)
Tournament: USMA | Round: Semis | Opponent: NYU | Judge: The affirmative represents a strategy of lip service restraint re-affirms executive power granting legitimacy to sovereign manipulation of law Posner, Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School and Vermeule, Legal Scholar, 2010 (Eric A., editor of The Journal of Legal Studies and Adrian, clerked for the Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, “ The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic”, Oxford University Press, pp. 207-209, accessed on 10/15/13, Ben)
Some commentators argue … with the law.
Therefore, the alternative is simply to critique. Critique offers the possibility of creating a new space that places education before political aspiration, discourse before policy, and historically marginalized perspectives before the advancement of policy Brown, Professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Halley, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, 2002 (Wendy, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University and Janet, Ph.D. in English Literature from UCLA and a J.D. from Yale Law School, “Left Legalism/Left Critique: Introduction” pp.25-33, Duke University Press, accessed on 10/12/13, Ben)
The most common … the two projects.
10/21/13
NSC CP 1NC
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Appalachian State Qubain-Bass | Judge: Bankey Counterplan: The Executive of the United States should establish a “national security court” housed within the executive branch to oversee drone operations.
President will ignore – Congress and Courts won’t hold him accountable Newton, Law professor, Vanderbilt University, 12 (Michael, “Inadvertent Implications of the War Powers Resolution,” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 2012, http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/45CaseWResJIntlL1and2.10.Article.Newton.pdf, DOA: 9-30-13, ara)
Strong presidential war powers are vital to successfully deterring and preventing terrorist attacks Li, Georgetown Univ. JD Candidate, 09 (Zheyao, “War Powers for the Fourth Generation: Constitutional Interpretation in the Age of Asymmetric Warfare,” The Georgetown Journal of Law Public Policy, Winter 2009, accessed 7-11-13, p. Lexis)
As first illustrated … fourth-generational opponents.
Drones key to disrupt terrorist networks Anderson, American University Law Professor, ‘13 (Kenneth, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace visiting fellow, The Brookings Institution, Senior Fellow the Rift Valley Institute “The Case for Drones” Commentary 135.6 June 2013: 14-23 via Proquest accessed: 8-8-13 mlb)
If one believes… and organizational effectiveness.
No impact to heg collapse- peaceful, liberal order is durable Ikenberry, Princeton IR professor, 11 (John, Princeton University Albert G. Milbank Politics and International affairs professor, "The Future of the Liberal World Order," Foreign Affairs, May/June 2011, 90(3), 56-68, ebsco, accessed 8-1-11, mss/atw)
the liberal international … to the United States.
No Middle East war- countries are distancing themselves from Iran and turning Turkey and the West Salem, Director of the Carnegie Middle East Center, 2011 (Paul, Director of the Carnegie Middle East Center, PhD from Harvard, “'Arab Spring' Has Yet to Alter Region's Strategic Balance”, LA Times, May 9, http://carnegie-mec.org/publications/?fa=43907, accessed 9/23/11, SLC)
Key to preventing terrorism in Yemen- better than the alternative of cruise missiles Watts and Cilluffo, HSPI senior fellow and director, 12 (Clinton, Senior Analyst with the Navanti Group, former U.S. Army Officer and former Special Agent with the FBI, and Frank J., The George Washington University Homeland Security Policy Institute, June 21, 2012, “Drones In Yemen: Is The U.S. On Target?,” HSPI Issue Brief Series, HSPI Issue Brief 16, http://www.gwumc.edu/hspi/policy/drones.pdf, mee)
Critics of the …minimize civilian casualties.
1/23/14
Navy Rd 3 v JMU HP Case
Tournament: Navy | Round: 3 | Opponent: JMU HP | Judge: Solvency
No internal link to terror- their evidence relies upon a total end to drones- they only shift authority. No reason terrorists perceive an internal CIA/DOD shift.
No middle ground in Pakistan – unrestrained drone strikes is key Cilluffo, director, Homeland Security Policy Institute, 12 (Frank, directs the Homeland Security Policy Institute at George Washington University, previously served as special assistant to the president for homeland security under George W. Bush., "Open Relationship,” 2-15-12, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/15/open_relationship, DOA: 10-3-13, ara)
Are Pakistan's Federally …us this far.
Public support isn’t key to attack capability Koehler-Derrick, USMA Combating Terrorism Center associate, 11 (Gabriel, MA in international affairs from Columbia, “A False Foundation? AQAP, Tribes and Ungoverned Spaces in Yemen,” September, http://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/CTC_False_Foundation3.pdf, DOA: 10-3-13, ara)
Terrorism beyond Yemen’s … the Arabian Peninsula.451
Drones key to disrupt terrorist networks Anderson, American University Law Professor, ‘13 (Kenneth, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace visiting fellow, The Brookings Institution, Senior Fellow the Rift Valley Institute “The Case for Drones” Commentary 135.6 June 2013: 14-23 via Proquest accessed: 8-8-13 mlb)
If one believes… and organizational effectiveness.
Bin Ladin’s and al-Zawahiri’s … number of casualties.
Modeling Global drone norms are impossible McGinnis, Northwestern law professor, 10 (John O, “Accelerating AI,” April 2010, 104 Nw. U. L. Rev. Colloquy 366, l/n, ara)
Popularity guarantees international norms, even if developed nations try breaking the rules Beard, professorial lecturer, UCLA Law, 9 (Jack M., former Associate Deputy General Counsel (International Affairs), Department of Defense, “Law And War In The Virtual Era,” July 2009, 103 A.J.I.L. 409, l/n, DOA: 10-4-13, ara)
The implications of … study in irony.
1/23/14
Preemption T
Tournament: JMU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Vanderbilt Paulo-Roso | Judge: Paqueo Interp – OCO are hostile actions against a computer system that destroy or steal information NRC ‘9 (National Research Council “ Technology, Policy, Law, And Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition And Use Of Cyberattack Capabilities” 2009 http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/NRC-Report.pdf accessed: 9-18-13 mlb)
Violation: Aff stops preemption which is a defensive operation
10/14/13
Security K 1NC
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Appalachian State Qubain-Bass | Judge: Bankey The aff perpetuates the rhetoric of crisis and security, and the aff impacts are based on incorrect linear scenario predictions. This leads to bureaucratic compartmentalization and faulty policy-analysis. The impact is systematic otherization and militarized responses that culminate in war. Ahmed, Institute for Policy Research and Development director, 2012 (Nafeez, “The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society”, Global Change, Peace and Security, 23.3, SAGE, ldg)
The twenty-first century … in violent conflict.
Security is based on a desire to control and manage-~--its ontological precepts attempt to render everything knowable and hence predictable-~--means that random variation in IR ensures aggression and enemy creation-~--the impact is mass war and violence-~--vote neg to reprogram our ontological presuppositions Burke, New South Wales IR professor, 2007 (Anthony, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence and Reason”, Theory and Event, 10.2, project muse, ldg)
I see such a drive for … and violence? Will our thought?
9/25/13
Self-Restraint CP 1NC
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 5 | Opponent: Samford Carley-Higgins | Judge: Kall The Executive branch of the United States federal government should strike down the President’s targeting killing policy involving drones strikes on the grounds that it violates international law and implement this through self-binding mechanisms.
CP solves- self-binding mechanisms ensure effective constraints and executive credibility Posner and Vermeule, University of Chicago professor and Harvard Law School professor, 6 (Eric and Adrian, 9/19/6, “The Credible Executive,” Social Science Network, accessed 9/14/13, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=931501, kns)
IV. Executive Signaling: Law…use those mechanisms.
9/25/13
Specieism 1NC
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas City Kansas CC Glanzman-Miles | Judge: Eszenyi There is an institutional bias in favor of speciesism-the AFF’s failure to directly challenge it allows hegemonic discourses to constrain the parameters of discussion and political activity which allows specieisism to continue. Jackman, UC Davis sociology professor, 1994 (Mary, The Velvet Glove: Paternalism and Conflict in Gender, Class, and Race Relations, pg 64-68, ldg)
The institutionalization of…durable social control.
Speciesism is root cause of oppression –domination of animals is origin of human hierarchy Best 8 Steve, Associate Professor of Humanities and Philosophy at the University of Texas, El Paso, USA, “Total Revolution: Revolution for the 21st Century,” March 2008, http://www.animalrightsafrica.org/onestruggle/keynote.php ara
In the fourth century…dispose the oppressed
The alternative is to embrace the standpoint of the animal—this overcomes the humanist bias of the affirmative scholarship, connects the experiences of human and non-human animals and allows for total liberation by providing understanding of all oppression Best, UT El Paso philosophy professor, 2009 (Steven, “The Rise of Critical Animal Studies: Putting Theory into Action and Animal Liberation into Higher Education “, Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume VII, Issue 1, 2009, http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/issue_9/JCAS20VII20Issue20120MAY20ISSUE20The20Rise20of20Critical20Animal20Studies20pgs209-52.pdf, ldg)
Postmodern critiques have…healing and balance.
9/25/13
State PIC 1NC
Tournament: Navy | Round: 5 | Opponent: JMU CP | Judge: Foley We advocate that the president should not have the authority to use drones for targeted killing.
Utilizing the state to combat social wrongs expresses a desire for mastery that reinforces state power – turns the aff Anker, George Washington University American Studies professor, 12 (Elisabeth, 2012, “Heoric Identifications: Or, ‘You Can Love Me Too- I am so Like the State,” Theory and Event Vol. 15, Issue 1, accessed 11/22/13, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v015/15.1.anker.html, kns)
The post-9/11 … still gains credence.
1/23/14
T - Indefinite Detention 1NC
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgia Jones-Escobedo | Judge: Steiner Interpretation—Indefinite detention means detaining an arrested person without a trial US Legal ‘13 (“Indefinite Detention Law and Legal Definition” http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/indefinite-detention/ accessed: 9-18-13 mlb)
Indefinite detention is … the USA Patriot Act.
2/28/14
T- War Powers Authority
Tournament: USMA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Vanderbilt LP | Judge: A. Interp: War Powers Authority refers to powers explicitly granted by congress. The aff must restrict authority under the WPR, AUMF, or NDAA Gallagher ‘11 (Joseph V. served as an F/A-18C Pilot, Air Officer, and F/A-18C/D Flight Instructor in the US Marine Corps operating forces. He worked Security Assistance initiatives for the US European Command and most recently as a Joint Planner in the USEUCOM J3 and J5. Gallagher is currently assigned to the Joint Staff, PakistanAfghanistan Coordination Cell. “ Unconstitutional War: Strategic Risk in the Age of Congressional Abdication” http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/2011summer/Gallagher.pdf accessed: 9-18-13 mlb)
B. Violation – the aff restricts a power the President self-endowed
3. Makes the topic bidirectional – WPR proves that restrictions on undelegated powers are a massive increase in authority by licensing unconstitutional behavior Woods, Ludwig von Mises Senior Fellow, ‘6 (Thomas E. “The War Powers Resolution Fraud” 2-4-06 http://www.lewrockwell.com/2006/02/thomas-woods/the-war-powers-resolution-fraud/ accessed: 9-18-13 mlb)
Congress did pass … of the Constitution.
10/21/13
T-Armed Forces
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 7 | Opponent: Iowa Croat-Shearer | Judge: Foley Interpretation - Introduction of “United States Armed Forces” only means personnel Lorber, J.D. Candidate, 13 (Eric, at University of Pennsylvania Law School, Ph.D Candidate, Duke University Department of Political Science, January “Executive Warmaking Authority And Offensive Cyber Operations: Can Existing Legislation Successfully Constrain Presidential Power?”, Accessed 9-16-13, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/1773-lorber15upajconstl9612013) NJR
As discussed above, … War Powers Resolution.
10/8/13
T-Mindset Shift INC
Tournament: Navy | Round: 5 | Opponent: JMU CP | Judge: Foley Interpretation- debate should be centered around the plan and the political implementation of the plan. The aff can only read solvency claims generated from the enacting of the plan by the United States federal government.
Implementation is key neg ground- debating in the abstracts is impossible Ignatieff, Harvard Carr Center for Human Rights Policy director and human rights practices professor, 2004 Michael, The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, 2004, 20-21
As for moral … to betray another.
1/23/14
T-Prohibition
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: James Madison Perez-Cooper | Judge: Box Interp: Restrictions require prohibition City of Northglenn, ‘73 (http://www.northglenn.org/municode/ch11/content_11-5.html accessed: 9-14-13 mlb)
Restrictions. As used in this Chapter 11 of the Municipal Code, the term "restriction" shall mean a prohibitive regulation. Any use, activity, operation, building, structure or thing which is the subject of a restriction is prohibited, and no such use, activity, operation, building, structure or thing shall be authorized by any permit or license.
For the purposes of this Convention: (1) "Area" means the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction; (2) "Authority" means the International Seabed Authority; (3) "activities in the Area" means all activities of exploration for, and exploitation of, the resources of the Area;
Violation: The aff is only supervision
10/8/13
T-Sig Strikes 1NC
Tournament: Navy | Round: 1 | Opponent: GMU JN | Judge: Ezsenyi Interp: Targeted killing requires an identified target and a name on a kill list – signature strikes are distinct Uebersax, former RAND military analyst, 12 (John “The Four Kinds of Drone Strikes” 5-23-12 http://satyagraha.wordpress.com/2012/05/23/the-four-kinds-of-drone-strikes/ accessed: 9-18-13 mlb)
We must begin … mislead the public.
B. Violation
C. Vote Neg
Limits – they expand the topic to include any form of killing or anything pertaining to drones 2. Precision – they conflate drones and targeted killing Anderson, American University Law Professor, 11 (Kenneth, Brookings Non-Resident Fellow, The Rift Valley Institute senior fellow, “ Distinguishing High Value Targeted Killing and “Signature” Attacks on Taliban Fighters” 8-29-11 http://opiniojuris.org/2011/08/29/distinguishing-high-value-targeted-killing-and-signature-attacks-on-taliban-fighters/ accessed: 9-18-13 mlb)
A nuclear strike by al Qaeda causes US-China-Russia war, environmental collapse, and extinction Morgan, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 2009 (Dennis, World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race Futures, Volume 41, Issue 10, December, ldg)
The plan won’t be enforced – no incentive to enforce the aff Nzelibe, Law Professor, Northwestern University, 7 (Jide, “Are Congressionally Authorized Wars Perverse?” February 2007, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40040345, Stanford Law Review, Vol. 59, DOA: 10-26-13, ara, language modified)
These assumptions are …. fall on deaf ears be ignored
IF the US doesn’t militiarize space an arms race is inevitable Dolman and Cooper 11 (Everett, PhD and Professor of Comparative Military Studies @ US Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies and Recipient of Central Intelligence’s Outstanding Intelligence Analyst Award, and Henry, Former Deputy for the Strategic and Space Systems of the DOD and Chairman of High Fronteir, a non-profit organization studying issues of missile defense and space, “Chapter 19: Increasing the Military Uses of Space,” Part of “Toward a Theory of Spacepower,” Edited by Charles Lutes and Peter Hays, National Defense University Press, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf) NJR
Space is too … space arms race.
Space debris and MAD means space weapons will NEVER be used in a war Shixiu, senior fellow of military theory, 7 (Bao, and international relations at the Institute for Military Thought Studies, Academy of Military Sciences of the PLA of China, visiting scholar at the Virginia Military Institute, “Deterrence Revisited: Outer Space,” China Security, Winter, 2007, p2-11, http://www.wsichina.org/cs5_1.pdf) NJR
Warming won’t cause extinction Barrett, professor of natural resource economics, 07 (Scott, at Columbia University, “Why Cooperate? The Incentive to Supply Global Public Goods”, pg. Introduction) NJR
Can’t solve- lack of funding and transparency Banerjee, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, 12 (Amitava, “Tracking global funding for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases”, http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/7/12-108795/en/, DOA: 4-23-13, llc)
Despite increased global … and global programmes.7
Balancing
America's Curiosity landing succeeded, China's version failed- reaffirms U.S. space leadership Morini, PhD Candidate, preventive diplomacy, University of Queensland, Deputy Editor of e-International Relations, 2012 (Daryl, "The Coming U.S.-China Space Race", The Diplomat, August 15, http://thediplomat.com/china-power/a-u-s-china-space-race-in-the-offing/, accessed 8/16/12, SLC)
The gold-class … future Mars missions.”
US pursuing space cooperation now Roehr, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1-2-13 (Bob, “Stronger International Cooperation Needed To Address Growing Threat of “Space Junk”, http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2013/010213_space_cooperation.shtml, DOA :3-17-13, ldg)
The United States has … evolve with it.”
Hegemony triggers conflicts around the globe and undermines cooperation-culminates in extinction. Boggs, National University social science professor, 2005 (Carl, “Planetary Politics: human rights, terror, and global society” ed. Stephen Eric Bronner, pg 80-1, ldg)
No Chinese aggression- political constraints Erickson and Strange, assoc prof and researcher at Naval War College, 13 (Andrew, associate professor at the Naval War College and an Associate in Research at Harvard University's Fairbank Centre, and Austin, researcher at the Naval War College's China Maritime Studies Institute, May 29, 2013, “China has drones. Now how will it use them?,” Foreign Affairs, McClatchy-Tribune, da 9-14-13, http://www.nationmultimedia.com/opinion/China-has-drones-Now-how-will-it-use-them-30207095.html, mee)
No drone prolif - their ev misunderstands the international system- political costs, air defenses, expenses, deployment, retal all prevent Singh, researcher at the Center for a New American Security, 12 (Joseph, 8-13-12, “Betting Against a Drone Arms Race,” da 9-14-13, http://nation.time.com/2012/08/13/betting-against-a-drone-arms-race/#ixzz2etdWwTG8, mee)
Bold predictions of … associated with their use.
Popularity guarantees international norms Beard, professorial lecturer, UCLA Law, 9 (Jack M., former Associate Deputy General Counsel (International Affairs), Department of Defense, “Law And War In The Virtual Era,” July 2009, 103 A.J.I.L. 409, l/n, DOA: 10-4-13, ara)
The implications of …study in irony.
Norms fail- nations pick and choose and only cite norms to cover decisions McGinnis and Somin, Northwestern University School of Law professor and George Mason University School of Law professor, 7 (John and Ilya, 3/17/07, “Global Constitutionalism: Global Influence on U.S. Jurisprudence: Should International Law Be Part of Our Law?,” accessed 9/28/13, lexis nexis, kns)
Bin Ladin’s and al-Zawahiri’s … number of casualties.
Can’t make decisions based on blowback – lack of evidence Anderson, American University Law Professor, ‘13 (Kenneth, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace visiting fellow, The Brookings Institution, Senior Fellow the Rift Valley Institute “The Case for Drones” Commentary 135.6 June 2013: 14-23 via Proquest accessed: 8-8-13 mlb)
It is sharply … the Civil War.
Groupthink theory is wrong – untestable, doesn’t affect performance Hempell, User Experience Consulting Senior Information Architect, 4 (Anthony, “Groupthink: An introduction to Janis' theory of concurrence-seeking tendencies in group work,” 3-3-04, http://www.anthonyhempell.com/papers/groupthink/, DOA: 10-1-13, ara)
In the thirty years … as Janis suggests" (Moorhead and Montanari, 1986, p. 399; cited by Choi and Kim, 1999).
Norms fail- nations pick and choose and only cite norms to cover decisions McGinnis and Somin, Northwestern University School of Law professor and George Mason University School of Law professor, 7 (John and Ilya, 3/17/07, “Global Constitutionalism: Global Influence on U.S. Jurisprudence: Should International Law Be Part of Our Law?,” accessed 9/28/13, lexis nexis, kns)
2.1 LACK OF A UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED …di?erent cyber language.
No modeling Waxman, Columbia Associate Law Professor, ‘11 (Matthew C. “ Cyber-Attacks and the Use of Force: Back to the Future of Article 2(4)” 4-16-11 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1674565 accessed: 10-1-13 mlb)
C. Divergent Interests and … vulnerabilities, and constraints.
Credibility No impact to heg collapse- peaceful, liberal order is durable Ikenberry, Princeton IR professor, 11 (John, Princeton University Albert G. Milbank Politics and International affairs professor, "The Future of the Liberal World Order," Foreign Affairs, May/June 2011, 90(3), 56-68, ebsco, accessed 8-1-11, mss/atw)
No Cyberwar- no violence, no historical precedent, and nuclear comparisons are misplaced Rid, King’s College Department of War Studies, 11 (Thomas, October 2011, “Cyber War Will Not Take Place,” Journal of Strategic Studies, accessed 9/15/13, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402390.2011.608939, kns)
But is it? Are … have the last word.
No risk of meltdown The Post and Courier, 3-23-12 (Charleston, South Carolina Paper, Originally published 3-29-11, updated 3-23-12, “AP IMPACT: Long blackouts pose risk to US reactors”, Accessed 9-20-12, http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20110329/PC16/303299940?print) NJR
U.S. can’t deploy heg to solve conflicts – public restraint, international relations, and deployment capabilities Talmadge, Staff Writer for the Harvard International Review, 2006 (Caitlin, Ph.D. candidate in political science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, "The Restrained Hegemon," 5-6-06, Harvard International Review, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://hir.harvard.edu/intelligence/the-restrained-hegemon, accessed 3-17-11, mtf)
Plan causes transition wars-appeals to nationalism, suspicious elities and minority fears Savun and Tirone, University of Pittsburg Political Science assistant professor, 11 Burcu, University of Pittsburg Political Science assistant professor, and Daniel, University of Pittsburgh political science Ph.D. Candidate, "Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict: How Does Democracy Aid Affect Civil Conflict?," American Journal of Political Science, Vol 55 Issue 2, p233-246, April 2011, Wiley Online Library, accessed 5-16-11, mss
How does democratization … are not credible (Fearon 1998).
2/28/14
Texas Rd 8 Case v Islamaphobia
Tournament: Texas | Round: 8 | Opponent: Arizona State Moe-Young | Judge: Murray The aff’s use of the term “Islamophobia” conflates bigotry and oppression with mental illness-This creates new forms of oppression Clark, 11 Nicky, writes for Liberal Conspiracy, “The ‘madness’ of terrorism and other offensive terms”, http://liberalconspiracy.org/2011/07/26/the-madness-of-terrorism-and-other-offensive-terms/
Without the slightest … a “mad man”.
Shifting to their politics is a way to dodge fundamental collective debates with the hegemonic forces that underwrite oppression – training an incapacity to engage with institutional power sets activism up to fail against the organized forces of political control Chandler, Centre for the Study of Democracy researcher, 7 (David, 2007, “The Politics of Post-Territorial ‘Community’,” Center for the Study of Democracy, Volume 39, Westminster, accessed 12/22/13, http://www.davidchandler.org/pdf/chapters/Moscow20Post-Territorial20Community.pdf, kns)
This disjunction between … is immediately apparent.
Their arguments are appealing but ultimately amount to a reification of fixed identities-the ballot won’t heal the aff’s pain and only serves to create a perverse competition for victimhood. This results in an endless pursuit of revenge, rather than provide emancipation to marginalized populations Enns, Associate Professor of Philosophy, 12 (Diane, at McMaster University, The Violence of Victimhood, Penn State Press, Google Books, pg. 28-30) NJR
We need to … this third outcome.
The Aff is nothing more than revolutionary tourism – profiting from the same economy of ballots as the rest of us – Means it doesn’t do anything Chow, Professor of Modern Culture and Media 98 (Rey, at Brown, Ethics After Idealism p. 12-13) NJR
For the practitioners … current intellectual climate.
The aff approach only reinforces Islamophobia- the plan will lead to more binaries Cochrane, journalist, 11 (Paul, freelance journalist and has lived in Beirut since 2002. He has written for 66 publications worldwide, covering business, media, politics and culture in the Middle East, East Africa and the Indian subcontinent. He is also a media commentator, and has appeared on Canada's CTV, Press TV, Future TV, Al Manar and South Korea's TBS eFHM radio, “Leftists of America and the World, Wake up to Your Islamophobia!,” 7-30-11, Islam Daily, da 3-30-12, http://www.islamdaily.org/en/islam/9965.article.htm, mee)
Rather, one of …Latinophobia,” said Sheehi.
Alt causes to Islamophobia- plan can’t solve without addressing globalization and ignorance Cochrane, journalist, 11 (Paul, freelance journalist and has lived in Beirut since 2002. He has written for 66 publications worldwide, covering business, media, politics and culture in the Middle East, East Africa and the Indian subcontinent. He is also a media commentator, and has appeared on Canada's CTV, Press TV, Future TV, Al Manar and South Korea's TBS eFHM radio, “Leftists of America and the World, Wake up to Your Islamophobia!,” 7-30-11, Islam Daily, da 3-30-12, http://www.islamdaily.org/en/islam/9965.article.htm, mee)
It was the … understand political Islam.
Restricting indefinite detention leads to an increase in drone strikes Chesney, Francis Professor in Law, University of Texas School of Law, 11 (Robert M., “Who May Be Held? Military Detention Through The Habeas Lens,” 52 Boston College Law Rev 769, May 2011, accessed l/n 8-8-13, mee)
The convergence thesis … habeas corpus litigation.
Drone violence is justified by pretending that we save lives through precision bombing. This is the triumph of biopolitical calculation by which life is protected by and while killing it- turns case Wilcox, John Hopkins Department of Political Science fellow, 9 (Laurne, Charles and Amy Scharf, 2009, “Body Counts: The Politics of Embodiment in Precision Warfare,” Political Theory Colloquium, accessed 10/15/13, http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/0/1/1/2/p501128_index.html?phpsessid=cc7115e165b9940eae1db3a31ea049ed, kns)
In discourse of … in our arsenal,” (Melinger 2001).
Following the terrorist … human rights violations.
The affirmative represents a strategy of lip service restraint re-affirms executive power granting legitimacy to sovereign manipulation of law Posner, Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School and Vermeule, Legal Scholar, 2010 (Eric A., editor of The Journal of Legal Studies and Adrian, clerked for the Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, “ The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic”, Oxford University Press, pp. 207-209, accessed on 10/15/13, Ben)
Some commentators argue …with the law.
Consciousness raising is the affirmative’s positivist moment---it calls forth confession as its primary means of political strategy, which necessitates confirming one’s status as oppressed and serves those in power Brown, UC Berkeley professor, 95 (Wendy, 1995, “States of Inquiry: power and freedom in late modernity,” Princeton University Press, accessed 11/27/13, kns)
In fact, postmodern … fully fabricated nature.
2/28/14
UGA FInals v JMU GP Case
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: Finals | Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Perez | Judge: Herndon, Butt, Gibson The quest to decipher the value to human life beyond mere existence opens up a pandora’s box of eugenic murders Richard Coleson, JD Law, Summer, 1997, (Issues in Law and Medicine, 13 Issues L. and Med. 3, Lexis)
Frustrated with the … every human person.
Their argument risks a slippery slope – once we decide that certain lives are not worth living, we jeopardize all ethics and legitimize killing babies for their organs. Welcome to moral nihilism. Lisa Hanger, B.A. at Miami University, Summer, 1992, (Journal of Law-Medicine, 5 Health Matrix 347)
Even supporters of Daoism realize that Western attempts to embrace Daoism are utopian and lead to destruction of morality while instituting irrational politics that lead to fascism, oppression, and dehumanization. Dumain, Librarian/Archivist, CLR James Institute, n.d. (Ralph, “Taoism and the Tao of Bourgeois Philosophy,” http://www.autodidactproject.org/my/tao1.html)
Clarke takes a … their Western re-embodiment. 197-198
Their refusal to address possible catastrophes in the world is more of an attempt of escaping from realities --- it’s more productive to work to remove the causes of fear and suffering Gyatso, Buddhist Monk and Internationally renowned teacher, 03 (Geshe Kelsang, “Dealing with Fear What is Fear?”, http://meditationinsantabarbara.org/dealing-with-fear, 10/17/12, atl)
According to Buddhism, … training the mind.
Shifting to their politics is a way to dodge fundamental collective debates with the hegemonic forces that underwrite oppression – training an incapacity to engage with institutional power sets activism up to fail against the organized forces of political control Chandler, Centre for the Study of Democracy researcher, 7 (David, 2007, “The Politics of Post-Territorial ‘Community’,” Center for the Study of Democracy, Volume 39, Westminster, accessed 12/22/13, http://www.davidchandler.org/pdf/chapters/Moscow20Post-Territorial20Community.pdf, kns)
This disjunction between … is immediately apparent.
Limiting presidential powers devastates military effectiveness – only the executive can respond to threats Li, Georgetown Law Center, 9 (Zheyoa, JD candidate, BA in political science and history from Yale, “War Powers for the Fourth Generation: Constitutional Interpretation in the Age of Asymmetric Warfare,” 2009, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1868346, DOA: 9-27-13, ara)
Even as the …against fourth-generational opponents.
Their arguments are appealing but ultimately amount to a reification of fixed identities. You, as the perpetuator of the conditions that make force feeding possible may feel ethically responsible to the victim. The ballot won’t heal the aff’s pain and only serves to create a perverse competition for victimhood. This results in an endless pursuit of revenge, rather than provide emancipation to marginalized populations Enns, Associate Professor of Philosophy, 12 (Diane, at McMaster University, The Violence of Victimhood, Penn State Press, Google Books, pg. 28-30) NJR
We need to think … this third outcome.
The Aff is nothing more than revolutionary tourism – profiting from the same economy of ballots as the rest of us – Means it doesn’t do anything Chow, Professor of Modern Culture and Media 98 (Rey, at Brown, Ethics After Idealism p. 12-13) NJR
For the practitioners … current intellectual climate.
Court proceedings lead to compromising intelligence AND freezes future cooperation Friedman, National Strategy Forum president, 9 (Richard, July 2009, “Trying Terrorists in Article III Courts Challenges and Lessons Learned,” American Bar Association Standing Committee on Law and National Security, accessed 10/1/13, http://prawfsblawg.blogs.com/files/trying-terrorists-art-iii-report-final.pdf, kns)
There was substantial … traditional criminal trials.
Rulings don’t change executive behavior – judiciary will pull back Posner and Vermeule, law professors, 10 (Eric, law professor, University of Chicago, and Adrian, law professor at Harvard, The Executive Unbound, accessed 1-27-14 p. 35-36 JMM)
By 2006, the … or legal norms.
Restricting indefinite detention leads to an increase in drone strikes Chesney, Francis Professor in Law, University of Texas School of Law, 11 (Robert M., “Who May Be Held? Military Detention Through The Habeas Lens,” 52 Boston College Law Rev 769, May 2011, accessed l/n 8-8-13, mee)
Washington -- Defense Secretary …without direct communication
Doesn’t spillover Goppel, University of Zurich Work and Research Centre for Ethics assistant researcher, 2013 (Anna, “Killing Terrorists: A Moral and Legal Analysis,” Ideen and Argumente, 2013, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, accessed 7/29/13, kns)
No violation- the strong executive is necessary and was constructed to supersede ROL in wartime Mansfield, Harvard University professor, 2007 (Harvey, “The Case for the Strong Executive,” Claremont Review, April 27, 2007, http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1335/article_detail.asp, accessed 8/1/13, kns)
Multi-agency effort underway now to maintain rule of law regarding Gitmo Hertz et al, Acting Assistant Attorney General, 9 (Michael F., Joseph H. Hunt Director, Terry M. Henry Assistant Branch Director, David J. Anderson Counselor To The Assistant Attorney General, “Respondents’ Memorandum Regarding The Government’s Detention Authority Relative To Detainees Held At Guantanamo Bay,” 3-13-09, United States District Court For The District Of Columbia, da 7-31-13, http://www.justice.gov/opa/documents/memo-re-det-auth.pdf, mee)
There are cases … this ongoing process.
2/28/14
UGA Rd 3 Case v Florida DP
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 3 | Opponent: Florida Daskalakis-Persico | Judge: Mendenhall Their arguments are appealing but ultimately amount to a reification of fixed identities. You, as the perpetuator of the conditions that make force feeding possible may feel ethically responsible to the victim. The ballot won’t heal the aff’s pain and only serves to create a perverse competition for victimhood. This results in an endless pursuit of revenge, rather than provide emancipation to marginalized populations Enns, Associate Professor of Philosophy, 12 (Diane, at McMaster University, The Violence of Victimhood, Penn State Press, Google Books, pg. 28-30) NJR
We need to think … this third outcome.
The Aff is nothing more than revolutionary tourism – profiting from the same economy of ballots as the rest of us – Means it doesn’t do anything Chow, Professor of Modern Culture and Media 98 (Rey, at Brown, Ethics After Idealism p. 12-13) NJR
For the practitioners … current intellectual climate.
The Affirmative poses the question of ethics only insofar as it relates to the domain of politics. Tying ethical reorientation of ourselves with the reorientation of our collective political spheres takes precedent and in the process produces these ethics and our relationship with others merely as a background for political transformations. The affirmative makes the question not how much how we can change ourselves but instead how we can change our institutions to change ourselves. This process produces mediated relationships which makes genuine ethical engagement impossible. Zupan?i?, 2000 (Alenka, Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy @ the Slovene Academy of Sciences in Ljubljana, Ethics of the Real: Kant and Lacan, p 10-11) cnb
In other words, … desire as a priori.
Anti-imperialist alternatives fail to unseat domination, instead they leave a nihilistic rage which perpetuates violence Kenan Malik (Kenan is a researcher, lecturer and broadcaster. His writing has appeared Nature, TLS, THES, Prospect, Guardian, Independent, Financial Times, Sunday Times, Sunday Telegraph, Independent on Sunday, New Statesman and Spectator. His books include Man, beast and zombie (2000) and The meaning of race (1996). spoke at the spiked conference After 11 September: Fear and Loathing in the West, at the Bishopsgate Institute in London.) gek
According to this … backward-looking strands.
Critiques of law and governmentality fail Schotel, University of Amsterdam Law Professor, 2005 (Bas, “Defending our legal practices: A legal Critique of Giorgio Agamben's state of exception”, Assistant professor in legal theory, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, Ph.D. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, LLM Columbia University http://dare.uva.nl/document/191053, accessed 1-3-12-AT)
Bare life theory fails to explain modern political struggles Huysmans, Open University Politics and International Studies senior lecturer, 8 (Jef, June 2008, “The Jargon on Exception: On Schmitt, Agamben and the Absence of Political Society,” accessed 11/25/13, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-5687.2008.00042.x/abstract, kns)
Even if one … their sociopolitical signi?cance.
Governmentality is good – only seeing it as bad ignores the massive decrease in structural violence it has caused and views power uni-directionally Dickinson, University of Cincinati, 04 (Edward, 04/01, “Biopolitics, Fascism, democracy: Some Reflections on Our Discourse About ‘Modernity’”, date accessed: 1/16/14, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4547381, LMM)
This understanding of …l in German history97
2/28/14
UGA Rd 5 Case v Wake BH
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wake Forest Brown-Hillard | Judge: Mathis Solvency Every past president has rejected congressional intrusion Garrison, Kutztown University Prof of Criminal Justice, 12 (Dr. Arthur H., 2012-2013, “History of Executive Branch Legal Opinions on the Power of the President as Commander-in-Chief from Washington to Obama,” Cumberland Law Review, Vol. 43, Issue 3 (2012-2013), hec)
IV. CONCLUSION Historically …Commander in Chief.39' pg. 478-479
Hypocrisy alt cause to Yemen relations Koppel, NBC News Special Correspondent, 13 (Ted, Newsbusters, 8-11-13, Ted Koppel: 'Terrorists Achieved More With One Phone Call Than We Achieved With Our Response,’” accessed l/n 8-16-13, mee)
Look, fundamentally there … all our response.
No Pakistan collapse-civil society, government, and military are resilient Shah, fellow, Harvard, 11 (Aqil, post-doctoral fellow at the Society of Fellows, Harvard University. He is expert on Military Politics and Democratization in South Asia, especially Pakistan, PhD from Columbia, Rhodes scholar, June 2011, "Getting the Military Out of Pakistani Politics,” accessed: 1-8-14, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67742/aqil-shah/getting-the-military-out-of-pakistani-politics, amp)
Pakistan is, of course, …hands of Islamists.
Their studies are skewed increased trade interdependence leads to war especially under current economic tensions Barbieri, Professor USC, 02 (Dr. Katherine Barbieri Associate Professor Political Science University of South Carolina Her expertise International Relations and International Political Economy. Ph.D. in Political Science from Binghamton University, 2002 “The liberal illusion : does trade promote peace?” http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056683322;seq=1;view=1up accessed 2-28-14) mjl
I began this … of that pie.
Drones are sustainable – US government won’t react to backlash Wittes, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution, 13 Benjamin Wittes, editor in chief of Lawfare, Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, member of the Hoover Institution's Task Force on National Security and Law, “In Defense of the Administration on Targeted Killing of Americans,” 2-27-13, www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/in-defense-of-the-administration-on-targeted-killing-of-americans/, DOA: 10-4-13, ara)
This view has … its legal views.
Sovereignty Plan can’t solve Rule of Law modeling – Gitmo kills credibility Scotland, Attorney General of the UK, 2009 (Baroness, "The Rule of Law: Principle and Pragmatism," 2-22-09, 2009 Magna Carta Lecture in Canberra, http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=Speechandid=13996937, accessed 3-26-11, mtf)
The rule of law … to be real.
No impact—drones make wars less intense McGinnis, Northwestern law professor, 10 (John O, “Accelerating AI,” April 2010, 104 Nw. U. L. Rev. Colloquy 366, l/n, ara)
It is not …as a benefit.
Global drone norms are impossible McGinnis, Northwestern law professor, 10 (John O, “Accelerating AI,” April 2010, 104 Nw. U. L. Rev. Colloquy 366, l/n, ara)
It is hard …less substantial resources.
Deterrence, political leadership and economic focus mean no escalation Alagappa, Victoria University International Relations Professor, 11 (Muthiah, East-West Center Fellow, "A changing Asia: Prospects for war, peace, cooperation and order", 12-21-11, pnz.sagepub.com/content/63/2/155.full.pdf+html, accessed 9-12-12, AT)
In certain cases (… or military clashes.
Region is committed to stability RIA Novosti, 10 (Largest Russian News Agency, “Russia, Armenia committed to stable Caucasus region - Medvedev,” accessed 1/30/14, http://en.ria.ru/russia/20100820/160276198.html, kns)
Russia and Armenia …and MiG-29 fighters.
No Azerbaijan-Armenia war – recent events are just political posturing and international community checks the impact Sumerinli et al, Zerkalo Newspaper defense affairs reporter, 13 (Jasur Mammadov, 9/23, “Gunfire as Extension of Politics on Azerbaijan-Armenia Border,” accessed: 1/29/2014, http://www.tol.org/client/article/23953-armenia-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh.html, ADC)
While cross-border … demands for democracy.”
2/28/14
USMA Rd 2 v Miami Case
Tournament: USMA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Miami BJ | Judge: Solvency Congress already has checks – increasing them causes war Yoo, Berkeley Law Professor, ‘12 (John, AEI visiting scholar, “War Powers Belong to the President” 2-1-12 http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/war_powers_belong_to_the_president accessed: 8-13-13 mlb)
The framers expected … we make war.
Escalation Congress doesn’t make intervention better – they approve bad wars and reject good ones Nzelibe and Yoo, law professors, 6 (Jide, Asst. Profesor of Law at Northwestern, Emanuel S., Professor of Law at UC-Berkeley Law, and Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise Institute , “Rational War and Constitutional Design,” 2006, http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/115-9/Nzelibe.pdf, DOA: 10-1-13, ara)
No Cyberwar- no violence, no historical precedent, and nuclear comparisons are misplaced Rid, King’s College Department of War Studies, 11 (Thomas, October 2011, “Cyber War Will Not Take Place,” Journal of Strategic Studies, accessed 9/15/13, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402390.2011.608939, kns)
Economy resilient- multiple economic crashes prove no risk of violence Zakaria, Newsweek International editor, 2009 Fareed, former managing editor of Foreign Affairs, "The Secrets of Stability," Newsweek, http://www.newsweek.com/id/226425, accessed 12-18-9, mss
One year ago, … historical in nature.
Modeling
No impact: their evidence says Libya should trigger the impacts- means the adv is non-uq and the impacts should’ve already happened
Perception links are based on flawed cognitive biases – other nations dismiss the aff Zenko, CFR Center for Preventive Action fellow, 13 (Micah, vice chair of the World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on Terrorism, worked for five years at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, “The Signal and the Noise”, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/02/20/the_signal_and_the_noise, DOA: 10-2-13, ara)
With a belief … utterly disproportionate destruction.
Drones key to disrupt terrorist networks Anderson, American University Law Professor, ‘13 (Kenneth, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace visiting fellow, The Brookings Institution, Senior Fellow the Rift Valley Institute “The Case for Drones” Commentary 135.6 June 2013: 14-23 via Proquest accessed: 8-8-13 mlb)
If one believes, … and organizational effectiveness.
Causes US-China-Russia war, environmental collapse, and extinction Morgan, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 2009 (Dennis, World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race Futures, Volume 41, Issue 10, December, ldg)
In a remarkable website … of strategic weapons
10/21/13
USMA Rd 4 v CUNY AL
Tournament: USMA | Round: 4 | Opponent: CUNY AL | Judge: Narratives can’t solve- better to resist hyperindividualism with silence Brown, University of California Berkeley prof, 9 (Wendy, Senior Invited Fellow of the Center for Humanities at Cornell University, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University, January 2009, “Edgework : Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics,” accessed Ebsco 9-30-13, p 96-7, mee)
While each of these … subjection through regulation.
Critiques of law and governmentality fail—they misunderstand the nature of power and pragmatic action trumps theory. Schotel, University of Amsterdam Law Professor, 2005 (Bas, “Defending our legal practices: A legal Critique of Giorgio Agamben's state of exception”, Assistant professor in legal theory, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, Ph.D. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, LLM Columbia University http://dare.uva.nl/document/191053, accessed 1-3-12-AT)
According to Agamben …. of human praxis.
The state of nature makes exclusion inevitable—the aff’s project of eliminating the state of exception devolves to nihilism Rasch, professor Germanic Studies Indiana University, 2003 (William, “Human Rights as Geopolitics: Carl Schmitt and the Legal Form of American Supremacy” Cultural Critique 54 (2003) 120-147, project muse, ldg)
Clearly, neither Agamben … the spectacle condemns it" (11).
Their theory of power is wrong—governmentality and biopolitical control are not homogenous or unified phenomena—cultures, identity politics, communities, and systems of inclusion and exclusion overlap—the aff relies on an essentialist notion and will fail. Rose, professor of sociology University of London, 2001 (Nikolas, “The Politics of Life Itself” Theory, Culture and Society Vol. 18(6): 1–30, ldg)
President will ignore – Congress and Courts won’t hold him accountable Newton, Law professor, Vanderbilt University, 12 (Michael, “Inadvertent Implications of the War Powers Resolution,” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 2012, http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/45CaseWResJIntlL1and2.10.Article.Newton.pdf, DOA: 9-30-13, ara)
A. President as … such overseas action.
State secret doctrine means no checks –we don’t need to win open noncompliance Bazzle, JD, Georgetown University Law Center, 12 (Timothy, litigation associate at Goodwin Procter LLP, “Shutting The Courthouse Doors: Invoking The State Secrets Privilege To Thwart Judicial Review In The Age Of Terror,” 2012, http://civilrightslawjournal.com/issues/23.29.pdf, DOA: 9-30-13, ara)
The war on …due process rights.
Relations
Alt causes to Caribbean instability – financial hardship Evans, 6-27-05 (Sara, “Callousness Redefined: How EU and US Economic Policies Spell a Bitter End for the Caribbean Sugar Industry,” http://www.spectrezine.org/LatinAmerica/sugar.htm)
On 12 March 2013 … the multilateral trading system.
Laundry list of alt causes – cybersecurity, Eurozone crisis, counterterrorism concerns, trade, and energy Mix, CRS Analyst in European Affairs, 13 (Derek E., 3-20-13, “The United States and Europe: Current Issues,” accessed 9-19-13, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS22163.pdf, hec)
This report selects a … internal energy market.
No impact- bioweapons are ineffective- even if they weren’t their record of failure deters their use Stratfor, 2007 "Bioterrorism: Sudden Death Overtime?" 12-22-2007, www.lebanonwire.com/0712MLN/07122212STR.asp, accessed 12-25-10, mss
First, it must be … than the benefit.
Bioterror threat is exaggerated- their timeframe and impact claims are false Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Bioweapons Working Group, 2010 Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Working Group on Biological and Chemical Weapons, "Biological threats: A matter of balance," 2-2-10, www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/op-eds/biological-threats-matter-of-balance, accessed 12-25-10, mss
This key to missile defense Tertrais, Senior Research Fellow Foundation Pout La Recherché Strategies in Paris, 2001 (Bruno, Special Assistant to the Director of Strategic Affairs Ministry of Defense, Visiting Fellow RAND Corporation, Director of the Civilian Affairs Committee NATO Assembly, “What are the Strategic and Geopolitical Consequences of the ‘War Against Terrorism,;” Cicero Foundation, http://www.cicerofoundation.org/lectures/format_print.htm?article=tertrais_dec01andtitle=Lecture 20by20Bruno20Tertrais:20'What20are20the20Strategic20and20Geopolitical20Consequences20of20the20War20Against20Terrorism', accesed 2/12/2011) jba
Other trends that … missile defense project.
This will prevent extinction Gaffney, president American Center for Security Policy, 2008 (Frank, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Forces and Arms Control Policy, former Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy, “Protecting America in the New Missile Age – Chapter Three: The Costs of Failure,” Family Security Matters, http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/id.2010,css.print/pub_detail.asp, accessed 2/12/2011) jba
Failure to … of defending ourselves.
Ilaw Norms fail- nations pick and choose and only cite norms to cover decisions McGinnis and Somin, Northwestern University School of Law professor and George Mason University School of Law professor, 7 (John and Ilya, 3/17/07, “Global Constitutionalism: Global Influence on U.S. Jurisprudence: Should International Law Be Part of Our Law?,” accessed 9/28/13, lexis nexis, kns)
The second benefit ….trump domestic law.
US isn’t key to global order and informal diplomacy checks Grant et al, University of Arizona Political Science professors, 9 (Keith, Thomas Volgy, Elizabeth Fausett, Stuart Rodgers, Mapping the New World Order, Chapter 3, “Accounting for the New World Order of FIGO Architecture and Its Effectiveness,” accessed 9/29/13, Google Books, kns)
Our mapping of … due to such pressure.
No Spillover for I-Law – 3 Reasons – lower courts misapply precedent, self execution is evaluated on a treaty by treaty basis, judicial enforceability and self execution are treated as separate issues Vasquez, Associate Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center, 1995 (Carlos Manuel, The Four Doctrines Of Self-Executing Treaties, American Journal of International Law, October 1995)jap
The distinction between … enforcement of treaties.
Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 1 | Opponent: George Mason Dailey-Nijjar | Judge: Brown Objective reality exists and can be learned – even if it isn’t knowable, we should pretend like it is Paul, Canberra university graduate, 2006 (“Does objective reality exist?”, 5-16, http://www.paulstips.com/brainbox/pt/home.nsf/link/15052006-Does-objective-reality-exist, ldg)
From Scientologists, to … rules using science.
Only concrete action can prevent mass suffering Ling, New School International Affairs professor, 2001 (LHM, Post-Colonial International Relations: Conquest and Desire Between Asia and the West, pg 59-60, ldg)
Without concrete action …anything about it' (Spegele, 1992: 174).
Turn: The criticism reduplicates simulation at a deeper and more dangerous level—hiding it from view and entrenching it in uniquely worse ways Cole, Alberta University Sociology Instructor, 2009 (Steven James, Ph.D., "Sound Judgments: An Aural Critique of Jean Baudrillard," Ph.D. Dissertation at University of Alberta, accessed from UMI database, pg. 208-212) cab
While methodology thwarts …are nonetheless fallible.
Problem-solving mentality and search for truth are inevitable Jarvis 2000 (D.S.L., University of British Columbia, International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, 2000D, p.86-7.) gek
Baudrillard is the worst example of ivory tower academia—instead of dealing with real problems on the ground, he retreats into his safe western university and makes statements which echo colonialism and authorize genocide by cloaking war in philosophical terms. Technology makes war more real, not less—the correct course is action to abate the consequences. BALSAS, 2006 (BALSAS is an interdisciplinary journal on media culture. Interview with Art Group BBM, “on first cyborgs, aliens and other sides of new technologies,” translated from lithiuanian, http://www.balsas.cc/modules.php?name=Newsandfile=printandsid=151, 10/17/12, atl)
Valentinas: We all …the diplomatic battlefield.
Baudrillard’s theories are grounded in Orientalist racism Aaron Schwabach, Professor of Law at the Thomas Jefferson School of Law, 2003 (“Kosovo: Virtual War and International Law”, 15 Cardozo Stud. L. and Lit. 1, Spring, lexis) RKB
To an American, … development of Orientalism. n49
Subjectivity is possible – obligation to the Other is key Arnett, Duquesne University Communication Professor, 2003 (Ronald C., "The Responsive 'I': Levinas's Derivative Argument," Argumentation and Advocacy 40.1, pg. 39-43, cab)
Emmanuel Levinas, considered … but first philosophy" (Levinas, Totality and Infinity 304).
We don’t need to win our epistemology is perfect-flawed empiricism is better than giving up all meaning. Sil, assistant professor of Political Science at University of Pennsylvania, 2000 (Rudra, “Against Epistemological Absolutism”, pg 160-61, ldg)
An even stronger … extreme epistemological positions.
Objective truth is not a pre-requisite to truth claims. Houghton, Central Florida political science professor, 2008 (David, “Positivism ‘vs’ Postmodernism: Does Epistemology Make a Difference?”, International Politics Vol. 45 pg. 115-128, proquest, ldg)
The foregoing is … as a truth claim.
Truth claims are good—obligation to make claims about the world even with a risk of failure Fierlbeck, political science professor Dalhouse University, 1994 (Katherine, Review: untitled, History and Theory, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Feb., 1994), pp. 107-113, JSTOR, ldg)
In many respects …were ethical laws.”
2/28/14
West Conn Rd 4 v Bing KS Case
Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 4 | Opponent: Binghamton Kurihara-Smith | Judge: Diamond Trading autobiographical narrative for the ballot commodifies one’s identity and has limited impact on the culture that one attempt’s to reform – when autobiographical narrative “wins,” it subverts its own most radical intentions by becoming an exemplar of the very culture under indictment Coughlin, Vanderbilt Law School Law professor, 95 (Anne, “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider Scholarship,” Virginia Law Review, accessed 11/26/13, JSTOR, kns)
Although Williams is … make it too." n205
Performance is not a mode of resistance – it gives too much power to the audience because the performer is structurally blocked from controlling the (re)presentation of their representations. Appealing to the ballot is a way of turning over one’s identity to the same reproductive economy that underwrites liberalism Phelan, New York University Performance Studies chair, 96 (Peggy, 1996, “Unmarked: The Politics of Performance,” Taylor and Francis, accessed 11/26/13, Google Books, kns)
Performance’s only life … warned, constative utterances.
Only a risk that narratives are coopted- leads to victimization and exclusion of bodies that don’t conform to victimization Brown, University of California Berkeley prof, 9 (Wendy, Senior Invited Fellow of the Center for Humanities at Cornell University, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University, January 2009, “Edgework : Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics,” accessed Ebsco 9-30-13, p 91-2, mee)
These questions suggest .. mean to empower. *note- language edited
Narratives can’t solve- better to resist hyperindividualism with silence Brown, University of California Berkeley prof, 9 (Wendy, Senior Invited Fellow of the Center for Humanities at Cornell University, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University, January 2009, “Edgework : Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics,” accessed Ebsco 9-30-13, p 96-7, mee)
While each of … subjection through regulation.
The deployment of the narrative to "expose" their particular experience further extends their fungibility and depolitization Brown, University of California Berkeley prof, 9 (Wendy, Senior Invited Fellow of the Center for Humanities at Cornell University, Ph.D., Political Philosophy, Princeton University, January 2009, “Edgework : Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics,” accessed Ebsco 9-30-13, p 84-5, mee)
Here is the … depoliticizing their conditions. *note- language edited
2/28/14
West Conn Rd 5 Case v Speciesism
Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 5 | Opponent: Binghamton Evans-Bleyle | Judge: Carrasco Species identity with similar species and anthro is inevitable – not all human-centeredness is bad Hayward, Professor of Environmental Political Theory, 97 (Tim, Director of the Just World Institute; Director MSc International Political Theory, 1997, “Anthropocentrism: A Misunderstood Problem”, accessed 2/13/14, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30301484,vc)
The idea of … wrong with it
Their root cause claims misrepresents the intersectionality of oppression—even if they’re right, it causes ideological backlash that precludes solvency and cedes politics—only the perm’s successful. Hayward, University of Edinburg Environmental Political Theory professor, 97 (Tim, February, “Anthropocentrism: A Misunderstood Problem,” Environmental Values, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 49-63, accessed: 2/19/2014, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30301484, ADC)
Taking this line … humans more generally
They are the only ones creating the distinction between human and non-human animals in this round. By reifying this binary they kill their alt’s potential to solve and replicate the harms of the 1AC Butler, European Graduate School Philosophy professor, 09 (Judith, “Frames of War,” accessed: 2/19/2014, http://humanities.wisc.edu/assets/misc/Butler.pdf, ADC)
In the same … a human animal.
The alt fails – creates a worse form of anthropocentrism and has zero mechanism to eliminate human values Hayward, Professor of Environmental Political Theory,97 (Tim, Director of the Just World Institute; Director MSc International Political Theory,1997, “Anthropocentrism: A Misunderstood Problem”, accessed 2/13/14, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30301484,vc)
But if the … expunge anthropocentrism altogether
Existential scenarios that devastate all species can only be resolved by humans – even if they win speciesism is bad, it’s the only mechanism to ensure survival of the planet Matheny, John Hopkins Public Health PhD candidate, 2007 (J.G., “Ought we worry about human extinction?”, 12-6, http://jgmatheny.org/extinctionethics.htm, DOA; 10-14-11, ldg)
Moral philosophers have … hope for survival.
2/28/14
XO CP - ID 1NC
Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgia Jones-Escobedo | Judge: Steiner The Executive branch of the United States federal government should end the practice of force feeding.
