Pakistan AFF Plan The United States Federal Government should increase statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President by requiring that all remotely piloted aircraft targeting entities in the area known as Pakistan to have prior consent from the government of Pakistan
Opponent: CUNY Lee-De Mattheis | Judge: Patrice, Spiker, Webster Dunn
1NC Empire Baudrilliard case turns
Navy
2
Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Panetti | Judge: Taylor
1AC Relations Sharif
1NC Iran Sanctions Conditions CP Taoism
2NC Taoism 1NR Iran sanctions
2NR Iran sanctions
Northeastchampionship
6
Opponent: CUNY De Mattheis-Lee | Judge: Glass
Speciesism
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
CEDA - Binaries Aff - 1AC
Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lindenwood Nave-Wingo | Judge: Godbey Debate today is marked by a structural conflict. The dichotomy between blackness and whiteness dominates discussions. Although the binary may be productive, it masks a larger structural silence on the experiences of other groups that impedes emancipatory goals Alcoff, Hunter College Philosophy professor, 03 (Linda Martin, “Latino/As, Asian Americans, and the Black-White Binary,” The Journal of Ethics, Vol. 7, No. 1, Race, Racism, and Reparations, pp. 5-27, accessed: 2/4/2014, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25115747, ADC)
It is unlikely that the electoral college will be … households and the white poor).
This silence smooths over different forms of racism – it either discards them as irrelevant or integrates them within the logic of antiblackness. This puts other groups of bodies, like Asians, under the guise of assimilation instead of facing real and distinct problem, which recreates the uncritical universalism of whiteness and makes alleviating certain racial harms impossible. Alcoff, Hunter College Philosophy professor, 03 (Linda Martin, “Latino/As, Asian Americans, and the Black-White Binary,” The Journal of Ethics, Vol. 7, No. 1, Race, Racism, and Reparations, pp. 5-27, accessed: 2/4/2014, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25115747, ADC)
In fact, in Texas not only were … everyone else unprotected.25
The silence bred by the dominance of the black/white binary allows conservative forces to divide and conquer – the myth of the model minority – the tale of the high-performing Asian who proves that social uplift is possible is a paradigmatic example of a liminal identity redeployed as a weapon to reinforce antiblackness Prashad, Trinity College International Studies professor, 01 (Vijay, George and Martha Kellner Chair in South Asian History, “Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting: Afro-Asian Connections and the Myth of Cultural Purity,” pg. 40-46, ADC)
The moral and political weight … character" message than we suspect.
Vote aff to intervene in the discussion of the black/white binary in debate
Deconstructing the black/white binary means neither embracing liberal/multicultural color ignorance, nor advocating a primordial position of absolute difference between races – instead it begins from an understanding of race for the complex phenomenon that it is Prashad, Trinity College International Studies professor, 01 (Vijay, George and Martha Kellner Chair in South Asian History, “Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting: Afro-Asian Connections and the Myth of Cultural Purity,” pg. 38-40, ADC)
The problem of the twenty-first century… nonembodied, values. But more on that later.
Otherwise, the simplification of the binary begins to reinforce white supremacy in new forms Alcoff, Hunter College Philosophy professor, 03 (Linda Martin, “Latino/As, Asian Americans, and the Black-White Binary,” The Journal of Ethics, Vol. 7, No. 1, Race, Racism, and Reparations, pp. 5-27, accessed: 2/4/2014, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25115747, ADC)
1) The black/white paradigm … ways in which alliances and differences can occur).
This denies the sort of racial nationalism that asserts authenticity as a justification for exclusion. It affirms the centrality of internal differentiation to understanding identity. If there is any value to debate to begin with, it must start from the presupposition of non-exclusion Prashad, Trinity College International Studies professor, 01 (Vijay, George and Martha Kellner Chair in South Asian History, “Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting: Afro-Asian Connections and the Myth of Cultural Purity,” pg. 64-69, ADC)
Disenfranchised by white … in some way equal.” 136
To understand race as founded in absolute difference plays right into the hands of a civil society bent on smoothing away structural antagonisms through the management of diversity Prashad, Trinity College International Studies professor, 01 (Vijay, George and Martha Kellner Chair in South Asian History, “Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting: Afro-Asian Connections and the Myth of Cultural Purity,” pg. 57-64, ADC)
These states implicitly recognized … demands upon resources (rather than pleas for them on authenticity grounds alone).
3/22/14
GSU - Pakistan Drones - Plan Text
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Clarion DP | Judge: Jeff Roberts The United States Federal Government should increase statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President by requiring that all remotely piloted aircraft targeting entities in the area known as Pakistan to have prior consent from the government of Pakistan.
10/24/13
GSU - Pakistan Drones - Relations Advantage
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Clarion DP | Judge: Jeff Roberts US-Pakistan relations declining now – status quo drone policy and sovereignty violations create anti-US sentiments Siddique, Centre for International and Strategic Analysis researcher and policy adviser, 13 Qandeel, 4/8, “The United States’ Drone Program in Pakistan: An Analysis of the Efficacy and the Pakistani Government’s Complicity,” accessed: 8/25/2013, http://strategiskanalyse.no/publikasjoner202013/2013-04-08_SISA4_DroneProgram_QandeelS.pdf, ADC)
With anti-Americanism increasing … ‘undeclared war’ with Pakistan.
Scenario 1: Afghanistan Stability
Robust U.S.-Pakistani relations are key to Afghan stability Mir, The Nation Columnist, 13 (Nadir, 2/2, “Strengthen Pak-US friendship,” The Nation, accessed 8-1-13, p. Lexis, LMM)
The US should … our national interests.
Afghan stability is key to Central Asian stability and US leadership Rhinefield, US Navy Lieutenant, 2006 Jeffrey, Naval Postgraduate School thesis, March, "IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIETAL FRAGMENTATION FORSTATE FORMATION: CAN DEMOCRACY SUCCEED INAFGHANISTAN?," http://www.nps.edu/Programs/CCS/Docs/Pubs/Rhinefeld_thesis.pdf, accessed 1-18-10, mss
A. INTODUCTION This chapter is … individual state actor.
Central Asian war is the most probable scenario for extinction Fehrenbach, American author and former head of the Texas Historical Commission, 8 (T.R., "Central Asia ripe for next Big One," San Antonio Express-News, 3-9-8, l/n, accessed 1-16-12, mss)
Central Asia ripe for next Big One … but I'll let history answer that.
Extinction Robock et al., Rutgers University Environmental Science professor, 7 (Alan; Luke Oman, formerly member of Rutgers Department of Environmental Sciences, Now at Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University; and Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Rutgers, "Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences," Journal Of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, published July 6, 2007, http://web.kaust.edu.sa/faculty/GeorgiyStenchikov/nwinter/RobockJgr2006JD008235.pdf, accessed 2-24-13, mtf)
28 The amplitude of … paper, is needed.
10/24/13
GSU - Pakistan Drones - Sharif Advantage
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Clarion DP | Judge: Jeff Roberts Status quo drone policies undermine Sharif’s political capital – plan is key to his credibility in the region Markey, Council on Foreign Relations senior fellow, 13 (Daniel, 8/8, “A New Drone Deal For Pakistan,” accessed: 8/25/2013, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139584/daniel-markey/a-new-drone-deal-for-pakistan?page=show, ADC)
Nuke war Rosenbaum, Slate columnist, 11 (Ron, How the End Begins: The Road to a Nuclear World War III, March 2011, google books, pg16-19, accessed 10-25-11, mss)
Pakistan has long …. Unless you count…
Pakistan instability triggers Indo-Pak war Kagan, AEI Critical Threats Project director, and Kagan, Institute for the Study of War president, 2009 Frederick, 10/3, Weekly Standard contributing editor, American Enterprise Institute, and Kimberly, "Don't Go Wobbly on Afghanistan," http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/017/024cuejv.asp?pg=2, mss
The collapse of … the Afghan border.
Indo Pak war leads to nuclear exchange and extinction Cordesman, CSIS Arleigh A. Burke chair, 13 (Anthony H., 3/16, “Red Lines, Deadlines, and Thinking the Unthinkable: India, Pakistan, Iran, North Korea, and China,” accessed: 9/12/2013, ADC)
India is key to global economic growth Basu, Cornell University Economics professor, 12 (Kaushik, 8/25, “The Indian Economy: Rising to Global Challenges,” accessed: 9/5/2013, http://www.kaushikbasu.org/K.20R.20Narayanan20Oration.pdf, ADC)
The dramatic change … humanitarian global objectives.
Global economic crisis causes war-~--strong statistical support Royal, director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010 (Jedediah, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215, ldg)
Less intuitive is … to those views.
Scenario 2 – Terrorism
Threat of terrorism is high in Pakistan now – militant groups have created a safe-haven in the country and have the capabilities and intent Bajoria et al, CFR deputy editor, 12 (Jonathan, Council on Foreign Relations, 9/26, “Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists,” accessed: 9/20/2013, http://www.cfr.org/pakistan/pakistans-new-generation-terrorists/p15422, ADC)
Pakistani authorities have … and recruits new members.
Terrorism causes extinction Hellman, Stanford Engineering Prof, 8 Martin E., emeritus prof of engineering at Stanford, Spring 2008, “Risk Analysis of Nuclear Deterrence” accessed 8-26-13, http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf, hec)
The threat of nuclear … is a necessity—not an option.
10/24/13
GSU - Pakistan Drones - Solvency
Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Clarion DP | Judge: Jeff Roberts Now is key, drones are the biggest issue – it determines state of our relations Kaltenthaler et al, University of Akron Political Science professor, 12 (Karl, Ray C. Bliss Institute of Applied Politics director, 4/13, “The Drone War: Pakistani Public Attitudes toward American Drone Strikes in Pakistan,” http://www.uakron.edu/dotAsset/4823799c-34eb-4b4f-992e-ac4a2261e0c4.pdf, ADC)
For his part, Sharif too … – but not all – of his REPAIR agenda.
Unilateral drone strikes undermine our ability achieve goals in the region – relations with Pakistan is key Blair, National Intelligence former director, 11 (Dennis C., NY Times writer, 8/14, “Drones Alone Are Not the Answer,” accessed: 8/25/2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/opinion/drones-alone-are-not-the-answer.html, ADC)
But the important … continuing unilateral drone attacks.
Unilateral drone strikes inside Pakistan undermine the stability and legitimacy of local governments, which makes real counter-terrorism cooperation impossible and fuels local insurgencies Boyle, La Salle Univ. Assistant Political Science Prof., 13 (Michael, “The costs and consequences of drone warfare,” January 2013, accessed 8-15-13, http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf, LMM)
Much of the … who are victims of them.
Status quo solutions to Pakistan fail – a drastic new policy is key to protect relations and Pakistan stability Flamenbaum et al, United States Institute of Peace senior program assistant, 11 (Stephanie, 3/22, “The Future of Pakistan,” accessed: 9/3/2013, http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/The_Future_20of_Pakistan.pdf, ADC)
A stable Pakistan … mutually beneficial future.
10/24/13
GSU JV Semis vs KCKCC GM - Pakistan Drones
Tournament: GSU | Round: Semis | Opponent: KCKCC GM | Judge: Plan Text
The United States Federal Government should increase statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President by requiring that all remotely piloted aircraft targeting entities in the area known as Pakistan have prior consent from the government of Pakistan.
Observation 1: US Imperialism
Status quo drone policy perpetuates US imperialism via unilateral drone strikes. This undermines Sharif’s political capital. Post-plan Sharif will say no to the strikes, which bolsters his credibility in the region Markey, Council on Foreign Relations senior fellow, 13 (Daniel, 8/8, “A New Drone Deal For Pakistan,” accessed: 8/25/2013, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139584/daniel-markey/a-new-drone-deal-for-pakistan?page=show, ADC)
The Indus (and its tributaries) … on river water sharing.
Water scarcity in the region is detrimental to the people living there – leads to 250,000 children deaths each year, improper sanitation, and poverty IRIN News, 06 (IRIN, Humanitarian news and analysis a service of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 9/22, “In-depth: Running Dry: the humanitarian impact of the global water crisis GLOBAL: Poverty and lack of water access: Inextricably linked,” accessed: 9/22/2013, http://www.irinnews.org/indepthmain.aspx?InDepthId=13andReportId=61155, ADC)
NAIROBI, 22 September 2006 (IRIN) - … and the ecosystem.
Drone strikes do massive violence to those in the country – innocent and local populace are the targets of drones Siddique, Centre for International and Strategic Analysis researcher and policy adviser, 13 Qandeel, 4/8, “The United States’ Drone Program in Pakistan: An Analysis of the Efficacy and the Pakistani Government’s Complicity,” accessed: 8/25/2013, http://strategiskanalyse.no/publikasjoner202013/2013-04-08_SISA4_DroneProgram_QandeelS.pdf, ADC)
With anti-Americanism increasing … ‘undeclared war’ with Pakistan.
ISLAMABAD — Just days after taking power, … the drone strikes.
Observation 2: Philosophical Justifications
We propose the following philosophical justifications for our political methodology and the impacts of the 1AC:
Ethical Framework
All beings are necessarily relational and conditioned by engagement with others. Concrete ethical action and values are necessary and good—this precedes ontology and theory, is a necessary condition of subjectivity, and is key to destroy the ideology of genocide. Arnett, Duquesne University Communication Professor, 2003 (Ronald C., "The Responsive 'I': Levinas's Derivative Argument," Argumentation and Advocacy 40.1, pg. 39-43, cab)
Emmanuel Levinas, considered … philosophy" (Levinas, Totality and Infinity 304).
Enacting change in the world is key to subjectivity and value to life—social and political action is good, creates shared meaning, and overcomes subject/object dualisms. May, Clemson University Philosophy Professor, 2005 (Todd, "To change the world, to celebrate life," Philosophy Social Criticism 31, pg. 519-531, cab)
To change the world … up for you.
Suffering and violence should be avoided and death is a basic ontological evil—rejecting life is a destruction of all value and the pain of material circumstances does not trump the good of life. Paterson, Providence College Philosophy Professor, 2003 (Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics 16.2, pg. 19-20, cab)
Contrary to those accounts… all human possibility.82
2. Political Methodology
Incrementalist solutions can solve and create a context for more progressive methodologies. The aff solves and provides a space for further critiques of status quo governmentality. Hirokawa, University of Connecticut Law Professor, 02 (Keith, June 2002, Stanford Environmental Law Journal, 21 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 225, 9/19/12, atl)
Under this reinterpretation … of environmental protection.
The institutional power of the state needs to be analyzed in order for critique and change to be effective. Comparative analysis of state policies is NOT statist, and critical perspectives that EXCLUDE an analysis of state policy are essentialist. Krause et al., Oxford philosophy professor, 1997 (Keith, “Critical security studies: concepts and cases”, xv-xvi, ldg)
These and other critical … contemporary world politics
Observation 3: Debate Education
Comparative policy analysis bolsters decisionmaking skills. These are key to problem-solving in all areas of life. Steinberg and Freeley, Miami communication studies lecturer and Boston based attorney, 2008 (David and Austin, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, pg 9-10, ldg)
If we assume it to be … through reasoned debate.
Effective deliberative discourse and policy analysis is a crucial method for solving social and political problems---It gives us portable skills such as critical thinking, informed decisionmaking, and public judgment. Being educated about institutional power gives us the capacity to challenge those structures. Lundberg, UNC Chapel Hill communications professor, 2010 (Christian, Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, pg 311-3, ldg)
The second major … colleges and universities.
9/24/13
JVNovice Nats - Pakistan Drones - New Plan Text
Tournament: Jvnovicenationals | Round: 7 | Opponent: United States Military Hart-Hauptman | Judge: Glass The United States Federal Government should increase statutory restrictions on President by requiring that all targeted killing in the area known as Pakistan receive prior consent from the government of Pakistan.
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia Tech Johnson-Saenz | Judge: Glass Threat of terrorism is high in Pakistan now – militant groups have created a safe-haven in the country and have the capabilities and intent Bajoria et al, CFR deputy editor, 12 (Jonathan, Council on Foreign Relations, 9/26, “Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists,” accessed: 9/20/2013, http://www.cfr.org/pakistan/pakistans-new-generation-terrorists/p15422, ADC)
Pakistani authorities have … recruits new members.
Terrorism causes extinction Hellman, Stanford Engineering Prof, 8 Martin E., emeritus prof of engineering at Stanford, Spring 2008, “Risk Analysis of Nuclear Deterrence” accessed 8-26-13, http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf, hec)
The threat of nuclear ….not an option
10/23/13
Kentucky - Pakistan Drones - Sharif - Balochistan
Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia Tech Johnson-Saenz | Judge: Glass Status quo efforts in Balochistan are failing – Sharif’s reforms are key prevent escalatory instability Zehra, Intelligence Analyst for South Asia Monitor, 13 (Nasim, 7-22, “ Will Sharif’s Capacity Match His Resolve?”, date accessed: 9-11-13, http://southasiamonitor.org/detail.php?type=nandnid=5240, LMM)
Balochistan instability causes World War III – NATO split and US, Russia, China war Mir, Retired Brigadier of the Pakistan Army, 12 (Nadir, Publisher for Defense, Intelligence, Geopolitics Journal in Central Asia, 4-3, “Balochistan and Regional Geopolitics”, date accessed: 9-19-13, http://www.terminalx.org/2012/03/balochistan-and-regional-geopolitics.html, LMM)
Pakistan will fight… World War III.
10/23/13
Navy - Drones Bad
Tournament: Navy | Round: Quarters | Opponent: CUNY Lee-De Mattheis | Judge: Patrice, Spiker, Webster Dunn 1AC
Drone strikes are the lynchpin of United States’ military intervention and violate Pakistan’s sovereignty – this puts Pakistan on the brink of instability, civil war, and bloodshed, and jeopardizes peace and prosperity in Pakistan Begh, Kashmir-based political analyst, 13 (Ishaq, 11/30, “Drones: Draining The Sovereignty Of Pakistan,” accessed: 1/8/2013, http://www.countercurrents.org/begh301113.htm, ADC)
It is a well established fact, that … and the last choice.
US foreign policy is driven by the drone program – this naturalizes endless warfare and militaristic violence Provost-Smith, History PhD, 13 (Patrick, former Assistant Professor of the History of Christianity at Harvard Divinity School, Spring 2013, “A Drone’s Eye View: Global Anti-Terrorism and the Existential Crisis of Just War Theory,” accessed 10-2-13, in Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory vol. 12 no. 3, hec)
Swirling in the circularity … proclaiming the obvious.
Targeted killing organizes an extreme and racist biopolitics of profiling and preemption by which brown bodies are designated terrorists and eliminated according to the whims of the state Goh, Harvard University fellow, 6 (Irving, 2006, “Disagreeing Preemptive/Prohpylaxis: From Philip K. Dick to Jacques Ranciere,” Fast Capitalism 2. 1, accessed 10/15/13, http://www.uta.edu/huma/agger/fastcapitalism/2_1/goh.html, kns)
At present, the time of … intention of killing" (Dick 1997:329).
Status quo drone violence is “justified” by pretending that it saves lives through the use of “precision” bombing. This is the triumph of biopolitical calculation by which life is protected by and while killing it Wilcox, John Hopkins Department of Political Science fellow, 9 (Laurne, Charles and Amy Scharf, 2009, “Body Counts: The Politics of Embodiment in Precision Warfare,” Political Theory Colloquium, accessed 10/15/13, http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/0/1/1/2/p501128_index.html?phpsessid=cc7115e165b9940eae1db3a31ea049ed, kns)
In discourse of precision warfare, the deaths of civilians occupy a substantial, if not crucial, role. The sparing of civilian lives is given as a key rationale (second only to protecting the lives of servicemen and women) for the development and use of precision munitions. In this way, precision warfare is a key component of the entry of biopolitical rationality into the sphere of war. Foucault considers biopower to be the power “to designate what brought life and its mechanisms into the realm of explicit calculation and made knowledge-power an agent of transformation of human life,” (Foucault 1978, 143). Precision bombing, as part of the liberal way of war, may be said to operate as part of the network of biopower through surveillance and precision targeting on behalf of war ostensibly fought for humanitarian reasons. Along with discipline, biopower constitutes one of the “two poles around which the organization of power over life was deployed” (the other being discipline) (Foucault 1978, 139). Biopower concerns the supervision and intervention regarding the biological processes of birth, mortality, health, and life expectancy. Liberal, high-tech wars embody biopolitical warfare, through which the logic and practice of precision bombing are emblematic. The very nature of precision bombing is of calculated risk, of circular error probabilities, that the bomb will hit its target. Throughout the twentieth century, different technologies have allowed the CEP to decrease. Death is rendered calculable—that is, the destruction of the target. Death for civilians is also understood in this framework of risk and probability. As one proponent writes, “Precision munitions should be our weapon of choice because it is the most discriminate, prudent and risk-free weapon in our arsenal,” (Melinger 2001).
Drones perpetuate costless war fantasy- this glorifies the spectacle of war, disengages individuals from the suffering of the other Zolkos, University of Western Sidney Political Theory research fellow, 11 (Magdalena, “Can There Be Costless War? Violent Exposures and (In)Vulnerable Selves in Benjamin Percy’s ‘Refresh, Refresh,’” Critical Horizons, accessed 10/17/13, kns)
The fantasy of the "costless war" … the cost of the costless war.
Drones have severe psychological effects in Pakistan – Pakistanis suffer from a constant fear from strikes, which devolve into instability in the region Chishti, The International News – Pakistan staff writer, 13 (M Khan, 6/11, “Drone strikes and their psychological impact,” accessed: 10/17/2013, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-6-183049-Drone-strikes-and-their-psychological-impact, ADC)
Much of the debate on …Pakistani law-enforcement agencies. Note: Modified for gendered language
Therefore we believe that the United States federal government should increase restrictions on the President of the United States by prohibiting the use of targeted killing
Solvency
Now is the key time – we need to break away from the United States’ flawed policy on the war on terror and reveal militaristic violence of US imperialism McClintock, University of Wisconsin Prof of English and Women’s and Gender Studies, 9 (Anne, “Paranoid Empire: Specters from Guantánamo and Abu Ghraib,” accessed 1-10-14, Google Books in States of Emergency, hec)
By now it is fair to say that … were a kind of solution.
Incrementalist solutions can solve and create a context for more progressive methodologies. The aff solves and provides a space for further critiques of status quo governmentality. Hirokawa, University of Connecticut Law Professor, 02 (Keith, June 2002, Stanford Environmental Law Journal, 21 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 225, 9/19/12, atl)
Under this … of environmental protection.
Political action is key – leads to positive changes, even if they’re incremental Sikknik, Minnesota political science professor, 2008 (Kathryn, “The Role of Consequences, Comparison, and Counterfactuals in Constructivist, Ethical Thought”, http://www.polisci.umn.edu/centers/theory/pdf/sikkink.pdf, ldg)
Ethical arguments of these … One finds it difficult to act. Note: Modified for language
Displaying violence involved in drone warfare challenges the status quo narrative that there is no such thing as just war. Theorizing that drone warfare is a better alternative silences activism and legitimizes war. Terrell, Co-Coordinator of Voices for Creative Nonviolence, 13 (Brian, “Drones and Gadflies,” accessed 10-1-13, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/09/13/drones-and-gadflies/, hec)
My own anti-drone activism … responsibility of haunting them falls to us.
We must place demands on the state Chandler, Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, 09 (David, 06/02, “The Limits of the Biopolitical Approach, International Political Sociology”, Volume 3, pg. 53–70, date accessed: 12/17/13, LMM)
Many authors have … in post-territorial frameworks.
Abandoning demanding state’s reform allows the right to fill in McNaughton, Australian social justice activist, 2008 (Colm, “A critique of John Holloway’s Change The World Without Taking Power”, Capital and Class 2008 32: 3, SAGE, ldg)
Holloway does not … more inclusive form
Revolutionary withdrawal fails we must question the state Kazin, Georgetown history professor, 2011 (Michael, “Has the US Left Made a Difference”, Dissent, Spring, project muse, ldg)
But when political radicals … too much to live up to and too much to escape.”
We must use the institutions that exercise power to change them Lawrence Grossburg, University of Illinois, We Gotta Get Outta This Place, 1992, p. 391-393
The Left needs institutions … into a new majority.
Disengagement from traditional politics devolves into unproductive jargon and precludes possibilities for change – our hypothesizing about the complex inner-working of government is key to creating space for questioning securitization David E. McClean, 2001, “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Am. Phil. Conf., www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm Yet for some reason, at AND so-called "managerial class."
Yet for some reason, at …so-called "managerial class."
War is inevitable without politics – anti-politics ensures collapse Heywood, Director of Studies and Course Director for Politics at Orpington College, 1997 (Andrew, Politics, pg. 7)
The link between politics … is not abused.
Extinction inevitable without politics – must have political participation to solve Boyte, PhD in political and social thought the Union Institute, 2003 (Harry, “A Different Kind of Politics John Dewey and the Meaning of Citizenship in the 21st Century”, The Good Society 12.2 (2003) 1-15, project muse, ldg)
Sometimes there is … transform the equation.21
Concrete ethical action and values are necessary and good—this precedes ontology and theory, is a necessary condition of subjectivity, and is key to destroy the ideology of genocide. Arnett, Duquesne University Communication Professor, 2003 (Ronald C., "The Responsive 'I': Levinas's Derivative Argument," Argumentation and Advocacy 40.1, pg. 39-43, cab)
Emmanuel Levinas, considered …, but first philosophy" (Levinas, Totality and Infinity 304).
Enacting change in the world is key to subjectivity and value to life—social and political action is good, creates shared meaning, and overcomes subject/object dualisms. May, Clemson University Philosophy Professor, 2005 (Todd, "To change the world, to celebrate life," Philosophy Social Criticism 31, pg. 519-531, cab)
To change the world … world up for you.
1/23/14
Navy - Pakistan Drones - 2AC A2 Taoism
Tournament: Navy | Round: 2 | Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Panetti | Judge: Taylor Enacting change in the world is key to subjectivity and value to life—social and political action is good, creates shared meaning, and overcomes subject/object dualisms. May, Clemson University Philosophy Professor, 2005 (Todd, "To change the world, to celebrate life," Philosophy Social Criticism 31, pg. 519-531, cab)
To change the world … up for you.
Perm—do both—the inclusion and embracing of the Daoist perspective is compatible with a renewed form of political engagement Gunaratne, Minnesota State University Moorhead Communications Professor, 2010 (Shelton, "De-Westernizing communication/social science research," Media Culture Society 32, pg. 474-475) cab
In as much as the axial … some on globalization.
Their refusal to address possible catastrophes in the world is more of an attempt of escaping from realities --- it’s more productive to work to remove the causes of fear and suffering Gyatso, Buddhist Monk and Internationally renowned teacher, 03 (Geshe Kelsang, “Dealing with Fear What is Fear?”, http://meditationinsantabarbara.org/dealing-with-fear, 10/17/12, atl)
According to Buddhism… training the mind.
Taoism can’t inform policy – the nature of the Tao can’t be translated into policy action means the K’s predictions should be rejected Meng, University of Singapore Doctoral Candidate, 04 (Jude, E’ntrepreneurial-Discovery, “Policy and the Tao (Way) of Economic Efficacy: Updating the Wang Bi commentary on the Tao te-Ching,” http://mises.org/journals/scholar/Meng4.pdf, 10/17/12, atl)
There is one staring … for public policy.
Political action is key – leads to positive changes, even if they’re incremental Sikknik, Minnesota political science professor, 2008 (Kathryn, “The Role of Consequences, Comparison, and Counterfactuals in Constructivist, Ethical Thought”, http://www.polisci.umn.edu/centers/theory/pdf/sikkink.pdf, ldg)
Ethical arguments of these … One finds it difficult to act. Note: Modified for language
1/29/14
Navy - Pakistan Drones - Anti-Americanism
Tournament: Navy | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason Mendoza-Kostiuk | Judge: Brass Plan Text
The United States Federal Government should increase statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President by requiring that all remotely piloted aircraft targeting entities in the area known as Pakistan have prior consent from the government of Pakistan.
Anti-Americanism Advantage – 1AC
Anti-Americanism is increasing in Pakistan now – sovereignty violations ensure US resentment Siddique, Centre for International and Strategic Analysis researcher and policy adviser, 13 Qandeel, 4/8, “The United States’ Drone Program in Pakistan: An Analysis of the Efficacy and the Pakistani Government’s Complicity,” accessed: 8/25/2013, http://strategiskanalyse.no/publikasjoner202013/2013-04-08_SISA4_DroneProgram_QandeelS.pdf, ADC)
With anti-Americanism increasing … ‘undeclared war’ with Pakistan.
Scenario 1 is Shoot Down
Continued anti-Americanism will lead to Pakistan shoot down of drones Hussain, Global Times staff writer, 13 (Aftab, 7/14, “Drone strikes ineffective and only serve to help anti-Americanism,” accessed: 8/25/2013, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/796049.shtml#.UhmbetLEPCs, ADC)
On June 8, a US … regional trade and economy. Note: Modified for gendered language
This jeopardizes the entire drone program – plan is key to prevent shoot down Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations fellow, 13 (Micah, World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council vice chair, January, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” Council Special Report No. 6 , accessed: 1/10/2014, online, ADC)
In his Nobel Peace Prize … ways suggested below.
Drones key to military effectiveness Bruntstetter, University of California Political Science professor, 12 (Daniel, 4/10/12, “Drones: The Future of Warfare?” accessed 9/1/13, www.e-ir.info/2012/04/10/drones-the-future-of-warfare/, kns)
Since President Obama … effectiveness in all situations.
Loss of mission effectiveness results in war in every hotspot Kagan and O’Hanlon, AEI resident scholar and Brookings foreign policy senior fellow, 2007 (Frederick and Michael, “The Case for Larger Ground Forces”, April, http://www.aei.org/files/2007/04/24/20070424_Kagan20070424.pdf, DOA: 11-3-12, ldg)
We live at a time … also badly overdue.
Scenario 2 is Cooperation
Unilateral strikes are failing against terrorism – plan ensures host country cooperation Blair, National Intelligence former director, 11 (Dennis C., NY Times writer, 8/14, “Drones Alone Are Not the Answer,” accessed: 8/25/2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/opinion/drones-alone-are-not-the-answer.html, ADC)
But the important … unilateral drone attacks.
Threat of terrorism is high in Pakistan now – militant groups have created a safe-haven in the country and have the capabilities and intent Bajoria et al, CFR deputy editor, 12 (Jonathan, Council on Foreign Relations, 9/26, “Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists,” accessed: 9/20/2013, http://www.cfr.org/pakistan/pakistans-new-generation-terrorists/p15422, ADC)
Pakistani authorities have … recruits new members.
Extinction Hellman, Stanford Engineering Prof, 8 Martin E., emeritus prof of engineering at Stanford, Spring 2008, “Risk Analysis of Nuclear Deterrence” accessed 8-26-13, http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf, hec)
ISLAMABAD, Pakistan — Thousands of people gathered …the nascent peace process
It’s not an empty threat – prolonged route disruption jeopardizes Afghanistan stability in the region Benjamin, Global Exchange cofounder, 13 (Medea, 11/25, “Even when US drones hit the mark in Pakistan, they’re still counterproductive,” accessed: 1/6/2014, http://mondoweiss.net/2013/11/pakistan-theyre-counterproductive.html, ADC)
At the Saturday rally, … nonviolent resistance movement.
Afghan stability is key to Central Asian stability Rhinefield, US Navy Lieutenant, 2006 Jeffrey, Naval Postgraduate School thesis, March, "IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIETAL FRAGMENTATION FORSTATE FORMATION: CAN DEMOCRACY SUCCEED INAFGHANISTAN?," http://www.nps.edu/Programs/CCS/Docs/Pubs/Rhinefeld_thesis.pdf, accessed 1-18-10, mss
A. INTODUCTION This chapter is designed to … individual state actor.
Central Asian war is the most probable scenario for extinction Fehrenbach, American author and former head of the Texas Historical Commission, 8 (T.R., "Central Asia ripe for next Big One," San Antonio Express-News, 3-9-8, l/n, accessed 1-16-12, mss)
In fact, the war is … women and religious minorities.
Russian adventurism causes nuclear war Blank, Strategic Studies Institute senior fellow, 09 (Stephen J., March, “Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?” accessed: 1/14/2014, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub908.pdf, ADC)
Proliferators or nuclear states … their own people.172
1/23/14
Navy - Pakistan Drones - Norms
Tournament: Navy | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason Mendoza-Kostiuk | Judge: Brass Norms Advantage – 1AC
US disregard for sovereign borders uniquely create a dangerous norm – the US has the ability to institutionalize a reform Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations fellow, 13 (Micah, January, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” Council Special Report No. 6 , accessed: 1/10/2014, online, ADC)
Beyond the United States, drones … United States and its allies.
Disregarding the Japanese … lead the region into war.
China Seas conflict leads to extinction Wittner, SUNY History professor, 11 (Lawrence S., 11/28, “COMMENTARY: Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?” accessed: 1/8/2014, http://www.huntingtonnews.net/14446, ADC)
While nuclear weapons … chaos and destruction.
India will strike militants in Pakistan Siddique, SISA senior researcher and policy adviser, 13 (Qandeel, Centre for International and Strategic Analysis, 4/8, “The United States’ Drone Program in Pakistan: An Analysis of the Efficacy and the Pakistani Government’s Complicity,” accessed: 1/20/2014, http://strategiskanalyse.no/publikasjoner202013/2013-04-08_SISA4_DroneProgram_QandeelS.pdf, ADC)
The greatest threat to … the international community.
Middle East war draws in great power – no checks on escalation Russell, Naval Postgraduate School Dept. of National Security Affairs associate professor, 09 (James A., Spring 2009, “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East,” accessed: 1/10/2014, http://www.nps.edu/Academics/centers/CCC/faculty/biolinks/russell/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf, ADC)
Strategic stability in the … risk for the entire world.
The recent phenomena of … and tactical expediency.
Legitimacy is the lynchpin to overall US hegemony – the alternative is violent transitions and counterbalancing Griffiths, Griffiths University School of Government and IR associate professor, 04 (Martin, “Beyond The Bush Doctrine: American Hegemony And World Order,” accessed: 1/10/2014, http://www.anzasa.arts.usyd.edu.au/a.j.a.s/Articles/1_04/Griffiths.pdf, ADC)
In international relations, … was a reluctant superpower.
Impact is great power wars and governance failures Thayer, Baylor University Political Science professor, 13 (Bradley A., “The Forum: The Decline of War – Humans, Not Angels: Reasons to Doubt the Decline of War Thesis,” International Studies Review 15, 396–419 accessed: 1/10/2014, online, ADC)
Accordingly, while Pinker is … to answering this question.
Now is the key time – a limited drone policy allows the US the reverse the dangerous trend – status quo ensures deterrence failures escalate and conflict becomes inevitable Boyle, La Salle University Political Science assistant professor, 13 (Michael, “The costs and consequences of drone warfare,” International Affairs 89: 1, accessed: 1/10/2014, http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf, ADC)
The emergence of this … consequences of their use.
Tournament: Navy | Round: Finals | Opponent: JMU CP | Judge: Plan: The United States Federal Government should require that the President of the United States have the consent of the government of Pakistan prior to the use of all remotely piloted aircraft targeting individuals within Pakistan.
1/23/14
Navy - Pakistan Drones - Plan Text
Tournament: Navy | Round: 2 | Opponent: James Madison Glomb-Panetti | Judge: Taylor The United States Federal Government should increase statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President by requiring that all remotely piloted aircraft targeting entities in the area known as Pakistan have prior consent from the government of Pakistan.
1/29/14
West Conn - Drones Bad - 1AC - New Cards
Tournament: Northeastchampionship | Round: 6 | Opponent: CUNY De Mattheis-Lee | Judge: Glass Displaying violence involved in drone warfare challenges the status quo narrative that there is such thing as just war. Theorizing that drone warfare is a better alternative silences activism and legitimizes war Terrell, Co-Coordinator of Voices for Creative Nonviolence, 13 (Brian, “Drones and Gadflies,” accessed 10-1-13, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/09/13/drones-and-gadflies/, hec)
My own anti-drone activism … haunting them falls to us.
The Case of Military Drones … on the remote battlefield.
We can’t talk about drones exclusively in the abstract – this cedes unconstrained control to the executive – public deliberation about actual technology is critical Druck, Cornell Law School J.D. candidate, 12 (Judah A., “Droning On: The War Powers Resolution And The Numbing Effect Of Technology-Driven Warfare” Cornell Law Review, Vol. 98:209, accessed: 1/26/2014, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2185743, ADC)
A. Why an Unconstrained Executive … for public attentiveness.
2/28/14
West Point - Pakistan Drones - 2AC A2 Immigration
Tournament: Westpoint | Round: 3 | Opponent: George Mason Mendoza-Mohney | Judge: Rehman Won’t pass- no shutdown momentum, Boehner will fight to keep PC and partisanship increasing Wilhelm, TechCrunch, 10/18 (Alex, 10/18/13, “Why The Outlook For High-Skilled Immigration Reform In 2013 Remains Troubled,” accessed 10/18/13, http://techcrunch.com/2013/10/18/why-the-outlook-for-high-skilled-immigration-reform-in-2013-remains-troubled/, kns)
WASHINGTON (AP) -- President Barack …on that issue, too.
No overall economic benefit to legalization Hill et al., Public Policy Institute research fellow, 2010 (Laura, “Immigrant Legalization Assessing the Labor Market Effects”, www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_410LHR.pdf#ppic, DOA: 2-9-13, ldg)
Legalization of the estimated 12 million …would be modest.
Economy resilient- multiple economic crashes prove no risk of violence Zakaria, Newsweek International editor, 2009 Fareed, former managing editor of Foreign Affairs, "The Secrets of Stability," Newsweek, http://www.newsweek.com/id/226425, accessed 12-18-9, mss
One year ago, the world … each historical in nature.
10/24/13
West Point - Pakistan Drones - 2AC A2 T Restrictions
Tournament: Westpoint | Round: 3 | Opponent: George Mason Mendoza-Mohney | Judge: Rehman Restriction means a limit and includes conditions on action CAA, 08 (Court Of Appeals Of Arizona, Division One, Department A, State Of Arizona, Appellee, v. JEREMY RAY WAGNER, Appellant., 2008 Ariz. App. Unpub. LEXIS 613 P10 The term "restriction" is not defined by the Legislature for the purposes of the DUI statutes. See generally A.R.S. § 28-1301 (2004) (providing the "definitions" section of the DUI statutes). In the absence of a statutory definition of a term, we look to ordinary dictionary definitions and do not construe the word as being a term of art. Lee v. State, 215 Ariz. 540, 544, ¶ 15, 161 P.3d 583, 587, date accessed: 9-18-13, LMM)
P10 The term "restriction" is not … interlock device limitation.
10/24/13
West Point - Pakistan Drones - 2AC A2 Terrorism DA
Tournament: Westpoint | Round: 3 | Opponent: George Mason Mendoza-Mohney | Judge: Rehman Sharif or UN will shoot down drones absent the plan Hussain, Global Times staff writer, 13 (Aftab, 7/14, “Drone strikes ineffective and only serve to help anti-Americanism,” accessed: 8/25/2013, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/796049.shtml#.UhmbetLEPCs, ADC)
On June 8, a US drone attack in … promotion of regional trade and economy.
Neither the use of the drone … in the Muslim world.
10/24/13
West Point - Pakistan Drones - 2AC A2 XO OLC CP
Tournament: Westpoint | Round: 3 | Opponent: George Mason Mendoza-Mohney | Judge: Rehman Perm – do both – CP alone fails Corcoran, New Hampshire School of Law Prof, 11 (Erin M., March 2011, “Obama's Failed Attempt to Close Gitmo: Why Executive Orders Can't Bring About Systemic Change,” accessed 9-18-13, hec)
Finally, this example highlights ... controversial policy changes.
No solvency – XO isn’t binding – can be modified in secret Dreyfuss, JD Candidate, 12 (Mike Dreyfuss is a Candidate for Doctor of Jurisprudence “My Fellow Americans, We Are Going to Kill You: The Legality of Targeting and Killing U.S. Citizens Abroad,” 2012, http://www.vanderbiltlawreview.org/content/articles/2012/01/Dreyfuss_65_Vand_L_Rev_249.pdf, DOA: 9-22-13, ara)
Notwithstanding any of … he wished to conduct.
CP can’t solve, serves as a rubber stamp AND links to politics – generates adverse reactions from congress Posner, University of Chicago Law School Prof, 11 (Eric, “Deference To The Executive In The United States After 9/11 Congress, The Courts And The Office Of Legal Counsel,” accessed 9-29-13, http://www.law.uchicago.edu/files/file/363-eap-deference.pdf, hec)
These two events neatly … could it be a “constraint.”
They can be repealed by Congress Burrows, Legislative Attorney, 10 (Vanessa K., CRS, “Executive Orders: Issuance and Revocation,” 3-25-10, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS20846_20100325.pdf, DOA; 9-22-13, ara)
Further, as long as it is not … particular executive orders.32
No one trusts the CP Maxwell, Judge Advocate with the US Army, 12 (Mark, 12-12, “Targeted Killing, The Law, And Terrorists”, Joint Force Quarterly, date accessed: 9-21-13, http://www.ndu.edu/press/targeted-killing.html, LMM)
The weakness of this theory is that it … safety: the rule of law.
CP links to politics and kill presidential powers – makes perception args irrelevant – history proves Schier, Political Science Prof at Carleton, 11 (Steven, “The Contemporary Presidency: The Presidential Authority Problem and the Political Power Trap Presidential Studies,” accessed 9-19-13, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1741-5705.2011.03918.x/abstract, hec)
So the “presidential authority …, and now by Obama. .
10/24/13
West Point - Pakistan Drones - Sharif - India Scenario
