Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Texas ST | Judge: Bausch

Obama is pushing Congress to resolve the debt ceiling – political capital is key to success

Pace 9/12
Julie, AP White House correspondent, Syria debate on hold, Obama refocuses on agenda, The Fresno Bee, 9/12/13, http://www.fresnobee.com/2013/09/12/3493538/obama-seeks-to-focus-on-domestic.html
With a military strike against Syria on hold, President Barack Obama tried Thursday to
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Speaker John Boehner on Thursday said the GOP will insist on curbing spending.

Limitations on war powers sap political capital for domestic agenda items

Kriner ’10
Douglas L., assistant professor of political science at Boston University, "After the Rubicon: Congress, Presidents, and the Politics of Waging War", University of Chicago Press, Dec 1, pages 68-69
While congressional support leaves the president’s reserve of political capital intact, congressional criticism saps
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to its costs than if Congress stood behind him in the international arena.

Failure collapses the economy – goes global and past events don’t disprove

Davidson 9/10
Adam, co-founder of NPR’s "Planet Money," Our Debt to Society, New York Times, 9/10/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=all
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall, some serious financial decisions will
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free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.

Nuclear war

Friedberg and Schoenfeld 8  
Aaron, Prof. Politics. And IR @ Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, and Gabriel, Senior Editor of Commentary and Wall Street Journal, "The Dangers of a Diminished America" http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html
Then there are the dolorous consequences of a potential collapse of the world’s financial architecture
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of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 8 | Opponent: K-State MR | Judge: Juan Garcia

Detention low – Pressure from the hunger strike

Global Research News 9/7 ("Guantanamo Bay: "Indefinite Detention is Unconstitutional"", 9/7/13, http://www.globalresearch.ca/guantanamo-bay-indefinite-detention-is-unconstitutional/5348637-http://www.globalresearch.ca/guantanamo-bay-indefinite-detention-is-unconstitutional/5348637)
In February of this year, detainees began a six-month hunger strike after
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by two it will take about 60 years or more to empty Guantanamo."
 

Drone restrictions cause a shift to detention

NYT 12 (New York Times, "Secret ’Kill List’ Proves a Test of Obama’s Principles and Will", 5/29/12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0-http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0)
It was not a theoretical question: Mr. Obama has placed himself at the
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Blair, a retired admiral who began his Navy service during that war. 

Detention undermines US-EU relations

IBA 9 (International Bar Association, "Detention and trial at Guantánamo Bay and other US detention centres", January 2009, http://www.google.com/url?sa=t26rct=j26q=26esrc=s26source=web26cd=226ved=0CDQQFjAB26url=http3A2F2Fwww.ibanet.org2FDocument2FDefault.aspx3FDocumentUid3D172b3a55-2daf-4af7-a2dc-358871e71aca26ei=2KwsUsSsIJKBqQG1wYGYBA26usg=AFQjCNFUVChnvCkmmRZ3T-wNH09G_WEVQw26sig2=smrqbSILoQ5TLxX1xVgC0A26bvm=bv.51773540,d.aWM26cad=rja-http://www.google.com/url?sa=t26rct=j26q=26esrc=s26source=web26cd=226ved=0CDQQFjAB26url=http3A2F2Fwww.ibanet.org2FDocument2FDefault.aspx3FDocumentUid3D172b3a55-2daf-4af7-a2dc-358871e71aca26ei=2KwsUsSsIJKBqQG1wYGYBA26usg=AFQjCNFUVChnvCkmmRZ3T-wNH09G_WEVQw26sig2=smrqbSILoQ5TLxX1xVgC0A26bvm=bv.51773540,d.aWM26cad=rja)
The US Administration’s actions at Guantánamo Bay have garnered widespread international criticism. As early
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Special Rapporteurs to visit Guantánamo Bay and to interview detainees in private.57

Key to check Russian expansionism

Brzezinski 3 (Zbigniew, CSIS counselor and trustee and cochair of the CSIS Advisory Board, Senior research professor of international relations at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, "Hegemonic Quicksand", http://www.kas.de/upload/dokumente/brzezinski.pdf-http://www.kas.de/upload/dokumente/brzezinski.pdf)
Finally, there is the question of the degree to which Russia can become America’s
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joint AmericanEuropean effort to preserve peace in Europe and then end Europe’s division.

Nuclear war

Blank 9 (Stephen, Strategic Studies Institute’s expert on the Soviet bloc and the post-Soviet world since 1989, former Associate Professor of Soviet Studies at the Center for Aerospace Doctrine, Research, and Education, Maxwell Air Force Base, B.A. in History from the University of Pennsylvania, and a M.A. and Ph.D. in History from the University of Chicago, "Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?" March 2009, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=908)
Proliferators or nuclear states like China and Russia can then deter regional or intercontinental attacks
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perhaps make wars of aggression on their neighbors or their own people.172

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Texas ST | Judge: Bausch

The plan is extra-topical for 2 reasons –

First – it applies to drone attacks – that is legally a much broader category than targeted killing

Uebersax 12 - psychologist, writer and former RAND Corporation military analyst.
(John, "The Four Kinds of Drone Strikes," http://satyagraha.wordpress.com/2012/05/23/the-four-kinds-of-drone-strikes/)
We must
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 and basic human decency.

Second – the plan applies to non-war power authorities

Mazzetti 13 – Analyst @ NYT
(Mark, "A Secret Deal on Drones, Sealed in Blood," http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/07/world/asia/origins-of-cias-not-so-secret-drone-war-in-pakistan.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0)
That back-room bargain, described in detail for the first time in interviews
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that Pakistan would either take credit for the individual killings or remain silent.

Voting issue –

Solvency boosting – takes away core neg alternate cause and no solvency arguments

Proves the resolution insufficient – makes it outside of legal jurisdiction to vote aff

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: UNT AS | Judge: Munday

Status quo US posturing has assured Israel to not strike Iran – the plan is a signal of weakness that leads to their strike

Benn 13 – Analyst
(Aluf, May, "Analysis || Obama reassures Israel, while taking a step back from the Middle East," http://www.haaretz.com/news/obama-visits-israel/obama-reassures-israel-while-taking-a-step-back-from-the-middle-east.premium-1.510888)
U.S. President Barack Obama said Wednesday his visit to Israel was meant
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act alone ? and you’ll suffer the consequences as much as we will."

An Israeli strike is comparatively worse

The Economist 9-14
(How to cope with an Iranian bomb, http://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21586282-hawkish-analyst-argues-against-military-action-how-cope-iranian-bomb)
Many people conclude that only the threat of military action can hold Iran back,
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deep inside a mountain at Fordow, near the holy city of Qom.

Nuclear war

Ivashov 7 - analyst at the Strategic Culture Foundation
(Leonid, Iran: the Threat of a Nuclear War, http://www.megachip.info/modules.php?name=Sections26op=viewarticle26artid=3871)
What might cause the force major event of the required scale? Everything seems to
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that this clash will be in all respects much more nightmarish than WWII.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Fresno | Judge: Smelko

FIRST, RACE AND CLASS ARE DIALECTICALLY CONJOINED IN THE REPRODUCTION OF CAPITALIST RELATIONS—CAPITALISM RACIALIZES SUBJECTS TO ENTRENCH COMPETITION AND DESTROY UNIVERSAL CONSCIOUSNESS AS WELL AS SUSTAINS WHITE RACISM AS A METHOD OF PAPERING OVER CONTRADICTIONS.  ALL OF THIS IS USED TO MAINTAIN THE SYSTEM OF CAPITAL ACCUMULATION

san juan 2003
~E., Fulbright Lecturer at Univ of Leuven, "Marxism and the Race/Class Problematic: A Re-Articulation", p. online~
It seems obvious that racism cannot be dissolved by instances of status mobility when sociohistorical
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capitalism based on historically changing structures and retooled practices of domination and subordination.

Class-based struggles must come first – focus on other categories is incapable of reflexivity and demands a total breakdown of the system – the alternative is capable of change from within

Gimenez 2001
~Martha, Prof. Of Sociology at CU Boulder, "Marxism and Class, Gender and Race", Race Gender and Class, Vol. 8, p. online~
There are many competing theories of race, gender, class, American society,
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what happens in social interactions grounded in "intersectionality" is class power.

Capitalism commodifies bodies and eliminates value to life – controls individual subjectivity and ability to access the public sphere

dyer-witherford 99
~Nick, Prof at U. of Western Ontario, Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism ~
For capitalism, the use of machines as organs of "will over nature"
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degree to which this project of mastery has backfired is all too obvious.

The affirmative is a fundamental misreading of politics and the reproduction of social relations.  There is no such thing as the ’biopolitical state’ that seeks to manage and control populations for the sake of power.  The state and capital move hand in glove—one cannot exist without the other.  Only a total distance from the modern state can allow for the destruction of capital.  Otherwise what is pushed out the door only comes back in through the window

Meszaros 95
~Istavan, Prof. Emeritus at Sussex, Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of Transition~P. 65
The modern state as the comprehensive political command structure of capital — is both the
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faithful to the Marxian concern with the ’withering away’ of the state.

Ethical obligation to reject cap
Zizek and Daly 04 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
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abject Other to that of a ’glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix.

Vote Negative to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC.

This historical materialism is the only method capable of approaching politics – we must understand the existing social and historical interactions with the affirmative before being capable to act upon it – otherwise economic rationality co-opts the movement
tumino 2001
~Stephen, Prof English at Pitt, ""What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever", Red Critique, p. online~
Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will
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determinism of corporate theory ("knowledge work") that masquerades as social theory.

We must reject all portions of capitalism  — residual sections prevent any success by forcing its way back into the political domain to gain strength through political implementation

Kovel 2002
~Joel, Prof at Bard, Enemy of Nature, Zed Books~p. 142-3
The value-term that subsumes everything into the spell of capital sets going a
AND
field into zones of greater concentration, expanded profitability — and greater ecodestruction.

Because racism is dialectically conjoined with the exploitative logic of capitalism, only the totalizing method of class politics can offer the way out—their method localizes and divorces the problem, allowing the system to buy-off groups through reformism, destroying the radical potential of the aff*

young 2006
~Robert, Prof Critical Studies at Oxford, "Putting Materialism Back into Race Theory", Red Critique, Spring 2006, p. online~
This essay advances a materialist theory of race. In my view, race oppression
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Instead, I theorize freedom as a material effect of emancipated economic forms.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: UNT AS | Judge: Munday

Security logic of the 1AC results in Serial Policy Failure and Error replication.

Agamben 2
(Giorgio, Proff of  philosophy at the Collège International de Philosophie in Paris and at the University of Verona in Italy, Security and Terror, Theory 26 Event 5:4, Muse)
Neither Turgot and Quesnay nor the Physiocratic officials were primarily concerned with the prevention of
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and not to reduce itself to attempts to control them once they occur.

====Extinction====
Dillon 26 Campbell 93
(David 26 Michael, Prof of International Politics @ U of Newcastle, and Prof of Politics and Lancaster U, The political Subject of Violence, 163-165)
It might have once been the case that the prospect of a transformation of nature
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indeed, one who would not be at home in any other house.

The Alt is to reject the 1AC.

You should place questions of knowledge production first- acting to change theory is an effective form of practice, all their evidence obscures non-state actor agency and overestimates the role of the state in security

Bilgin 5 
(Assistant Prof of International Relations at Bilkent University, Regional Security in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective, pgs. 54-59)
The state, as noted above, has traditionally been viewed as both the primary
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of constituting ’threats to the future’ (Kubalkova 1998: 193-201).

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Texas ST | Judge: Bausch

The President of the United States should

-release a public oversight white paper describing and defending the targeted killing criteria, targeted killing process, and congressional oversight mechanisms 
-publically disclose the number of targeted killings conducted by the Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency
-publically make available targeted killing operation expenses 
-establish an independent Defense and Intelligence review board for targeted killings 

====- Release the Department of Justice memoranda outlining the legal basis and justifications for drone attacks.====

CP creates executive accountability and transparency

McNeal 13 – public policy professor @ Pepperdine University, national security specialist, and former Assistant Director of the Institute for Global Security
Gregory S., "Targeted Killing and Accountability"  Georgetown Law Journal, Forthcoming ~http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1819583~~ March 5 mtc
V. ACCOUNTABILITY REFORMS¶ A. Defend the Process. Perhaps the most obvious
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its entirety, or could conduct audits on specified areas of the program.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Texas ST | Judge: Bausch
====The 1AC claims to solvency originate from the historical lens of US hegemony, soft power is the controlling intellectual justification for Obama’s continued global interventionism and masks the underlying violence America’s exceptionalism by crafting a narrative of morality====
Ford 12
Christopher A. Ford, Senior Fellow at Hudson Institute, Soft on "Soft Power," SAIS Review vol 32 no 1 Winter-Spring 2012
While it has some value both as an analytical construct and a guide  to policymaking
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" neoconservative bellicosity, and  instead vindicate America’s interests through "soft power."

The affirmative depoliticizes the global south by creating homogenous and undemocratic political channels for the expression of grievances – only by challenging dominant notions of soft power can the sites of production of cultural hegemony be challenged and revealed for analysis.

Bilgin and Elis, 8
Pinar and Berivan, Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Bilkent University, Ankara and  PhD candidate, Department of International Relations, Ankara, "Hard Power, Soft Power: Toward a More Realistic Power Analysis," Insight Turkey Vol. 10 / No. 2 / 2008 pp. 5-20
To recapitulate, in Part I we pointed to the poverty of realist power analysis
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’real interests’ are shaped by other actors or by the existing structures.

The alternative is to reject of the 1AC. Rhetorical examination is a prerequisite to effective policy formulation.

Ivie 5 –
Professor and Chair in the Department of Communication and Culture at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana (Robert L., Democracy and America’s War on Terror, 1-5)
The irony of this paradox of power is that the United States must relinquish a
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to a pluralistic polity and reduces exaggerated fears of foreign and domestic Others.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Texas ST | Judge: Bausch

A. Interpretation – Restriction requires prohibition

Northglenn 11
(City of Northglenn Zoning Ordinance, and#34;Rules of Construction – Definitionsand#34;, http://www.northglenn.org/municode/ch11/content_11-5.html)
Section 11-5-3. Restrictions. As
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 activity, operation, building, structure or thing shall be authorized by any permit or license.

and#34;In the areaand#34; means all of the activities

United Nations 13
(United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty, http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part1.htm)
PART I¶ INTRODUCTION¶ Article 1
Use of terms
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of the Area;

B. Vote Neg:

1. Limits – The topic is huge – 4 areas times 2 mechanisms all with separate literature and unique advantages – Allowing subsets creates an impossible research burden

2. Bidirectionality – Absent prohibition they can create conditions that functionally increase authority

Posner 12 (Eric, University of Chicago Law, and#34;Deference to the Executive in the United States After September 11: Congress, the Courts, and the Office of Legal Counseland#34;, http://ericposner.com/DEFERENCE20TO20THE20EXECUTIVE.pdf-http://ericposner.com/DEFERENCE TO THE EXECUTIVE.pdf)
To see why,
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. If it did not, people would not enter contracts.