Tournament: NJDDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lindenwood JM | Judge: Mia Bonnito
We control uniqueness – the Tea Party’s power is derived from populist resentment of the state and a public culture that is profoundly uneducated about functions of government – the 1ac’s suspicion of government only plays into the hands of the forces of anti-black neoliberalism
Giroux 10
(Henry A. Giroux, PhD, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 12 July 2010¶ http://www.truth-out.org/the-disappearing-intellectual-age-economic-darwinism61287, “The Disappearing Intellectual in the Age of Economic Darwinism,” truthout, ACC. 12-18-10)
In a media scape and public sphere that view criticism, dialog and thoughtfulness as
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small businesses and responsible homeowners in a stable but growing economy.8
State engagement turns their offense – it’s necessary to develop complex legal and institutional knowledge to use the state against neoliberalism – you should defend the state because abdicating the state needlessly cedes institutional power to neoliberal elites – this also answers their co-option arguments
Ferguson, Professor of Anthropology at Stanford, 11
(The Uses of Neoliberalism, Antipode, Vol. 41, No. S1, pp 166–184)
If we are seeking, as this special issue of Antipode aspires to do,
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some rather useful little mechanisms may be nearer to hand than we thought.
The impact is extinction – neoliberal social organization ensures extinction from resource wars, climate change, and structural violence – only accelerating beyond neoliberalism can resolve its impacts
Williams and Srnicek 13
(Alex, PhD student at the University of East London, presently at work on a thesis entitled 'Hegemony and Complexity', Nick, PhD candidate in International Relations at the London School of Economics, Co-authors of the forthcoming Folk Politics, 14 May 2013, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/05/14/accelerate-manifesto-for-an-accelerationist-politics/)
At the begin­ning of the second dec­ade of the Twenty-
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lost possible futures, and indeed the recovery of the future as such.
The alternative – you should vote negative to constitute a left governmentality
We should invest ourselves in specific analytics of power in order to construct new and more liberating relations of governance – studying the state and neoliberalism in order to turn their most repressive tendencies against them is crucial
Barnett 11
(Clive, Professor of Geography and Social Theory @ University of Exeter, “Is governmentality a dirty word?”, November 15, 2011, http://clivebarnett.wordpress.com/2011/11/15/is-governmentality-a-dirty-word/)
There is an interesting section of Foucault’s 1978 lecture on ‘What is critique?
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likely continue to find expression only on the margins of this intellectual field.

Tournament: WSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Oklahoma CO | Judge: Andrew Allsup
Independently, this frame causes the affirmative’s fight against fascism to be extended to animals – prevents animal testing
Cohen 86 – Professor @ U of M
Carl, Professor @ U Mich, http://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/phil1200,Spr07/cohen.pdf
Humans owe to other humans a degree of moral regard that cannot be owed to
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, and to all the achievements attained and attainable only through their use. 

Diseases are coming – human-animal binary is key to research that is vital to cures that void extinction
Kiple and Ornelas 1 - * Prof. History @ Bowling Green State U,  Sociologist and Anthropologist
Kenneth, and Kriemhild, in “Why Animal Experimentation Matters: The Use of Animals in Medical Research”, Ed. Paul and Paul, p. 32-42
Primate and rodent sentinels have also been pressed into service to isolate "the backlog
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use of animals in biomedical and biotechnological research seem fanatical, even suicidal.
Leads to aging crisis
Humer 5 - CEO of F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd
Franz, "”Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry—Future Prospects,” 3/16/5, http://www.roche.com/fbh_zvg05_e.pdf
Let us look ahead to the future. Not that I have any prophetic ability
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care. That is also the goal for the development of innovative drugs.
Multiple nuclear wars.
Jackson and Howe, 11 (Senior Fellow – CSIS and Senior Associate – CSIS, http://csis.org/files/publication/110104_gai_jackson.pdf)

A number of demographic storms are now brewing in different parts of the developing world
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already has nuclear weapons, while the other seems likely to obtain them.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Missouri State HM | Judge: Chris Loghry
Text: The United States federal government should provide traditional Article III courts exclusive jurisdiction over the United States’ indefinite detention policy and ensure that sufficient resources are available for training, preparation and trial.
Criminal trials solve better, and NSCs devastate rule of law and due process
---traditional processes are effective – over 150 previous terror trials in the criminal system prove
---sending suspected terrorists to a different system pre-supposes guilt which undercuts due process
---NSCs will use relaxed procedural and evidentiary rules, prevents due process
Beech 8 – JD @ Washington Metro Area, Program Coordinator of the following report
(Tara, “A CRITIQUE OF “NATIONAL SECURITY COURTS”,” Constitution Project Staff, http://www.constitutionproject.org/pdf/Critique_of_the_National_Security_Courts_Updated_Signers1.pdf)
Recently, some scholars and government officials have called for the creation of “national
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be the basis for abandoning these fundamental tenets of justice and ¶ fairness.
More funding overcomes logistical barriers
Inderfurth 9
Ashley Inderfurth and Wayne Massey, American Bar Association Standing Committee on Law and National Security, Due Process and Terrorism Series, Trying Terrorists in Article III Courts, Challenges and Lessons Learned, A Post-Workshop Report July 2009
In addition to evidentiary challenges, terrorism trials conducted in Article III courts pose a
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practical challenges posed by terrorism trials could be handled in Article III courts.

Tournament: WSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Oklahoma CO | Judge: Andrew Allsup
Breaking down the binary leads to human cloning
Smith 2 - Senior Fellow @ Discovery institute
Wesley, National Review, “The Transhumanists: The next great threat to human dignity”, 9-20, http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-smith092002.asp
Transhumanist theory has arisen in the context of a strengthening nexus between the views already
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regain our moral equilibrium. Genetic science is advancing at mach-speed.

Cloning leads to fascist eugenics – leads to extinction
Annas et al 2 - Professor and Chair of Health Law at Boston University School of Public Health
George, Lori Andrews, Professor of Law at Chicago-Kent, and Rosario Isasi, Health Law and Bioethics Fellow at Boston University School of Public Health, American Journal of Law and Medicine, “THE GENETICS REVOLUTION: CONFLICTS, CHALLENGES AND CONUNDRA: ARTICLE: Protecting the Endangered Human: Toward an International Treaty Prohibiting Cloning and Inheritable Alterations”, 28 Am. J. L. and Med. 151, Lexis
In this regard, we find a second approach, that of a democratically-
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inheritable genetic alterations, although often well-intentioned, have serious limitations.

Tournament: WSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor SW | Judge: Dan Stout
Simulating images of death and violence anesthetizes us to real death and produces a culture of structural violence that makes infinite destruction appear desirable- vote neg to embrace a pedagogy of debate outside of violent spectacles.
Giroux ‘12
Henry A Giroux, Frequent author on pedagogy in the public sphere, Truthout, “Youth in Revolt: The Plague of State-Sponsored Violence,” March 14, 2012, http://truth-out.org/index.php?option=com_k2andview=itemandid=7249:youth-in-revolt-the-plague-of-statesponsored-violence
One consequence is that "the sheer numbers and monotony of images may have a
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sports, entertainment, news media, and other outlets for seeking pleasure.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: USC HS | Judge: Sam Allen
Obama is pushing Congress to resolve the debt ceiling – political capital is key to success
Pace 9/12
Julie, AP White House correspondent, Syria debate on hold, Obama refocuses on agenda, The Fresno Bee, 9/12/13, http://www.fresnobee.com/2013/09/12/3493538/obama-seeks-to-focus-on-domestic.html
With a military strike against Syria on hold, President Barack Obama tried Thursday to
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Speaker John Boehner on Thursday said the GOP will insist on curbing spending.
Insert Link
Failure collapses the economy – goes global and past events don’t disprove
Davidson 9/10
Adam, co-founder of NPR’s “Planet Money,” Our Debt to Society, New York Times, 9/10/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=all
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall, some serious financial decisions will
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free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.
Nuclear war
Friedberg and Schoenfeld 8  
Aaron, Prof. Politics. And IR @ Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, and Gabriel, Senior Editor of Commentary and Wall Street Journal, “The Dangers of a Diminished America” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html
Then there are the dolorous consequences of a potential collapse of the world's financial architecture
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of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: USC HS | Judge: Sam Allen
Obama is shifting from drones to detention
Dillow 13 (Clay, “Obama Set To Reboot Drone Strike Policy And Retool The War On Terror “, 5/23/13, http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-05/obama-set-reboot-drone-strike-policy-and-retool-war-terror)
These three topics are deeply intertwined, of course. With the drawdown of troops
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to thwart terrorists rather hellfire missile strikes from unseen robots in the sky. 

Restricted detention leads to increased drone use
Chesney 11 (Robert, Charles I. Francis Professor in Law, University of Texas School of Law, “ARTICLE: WHO MAY BE HELD? MILITARY DETENTION THROUGH THE HABEAS LENS”, Boston College Law Review, 52 B.C. L. Rev 769, Lexis)
The convergence thesis describes one manner in which law might respond to the cross-
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substantive grounds for detention takes place through the lens of habeas corpus litigation.

Increased drone use sets a precedent that causes South China Sea conflict
Roberts 13 (Kristen, News Editor at National Journal, “When the Whole World Has Drones”, 3/22/13, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/when-the-whole-world-has-drones-20130321)
And that’s a NATO ally seeking the capability to conduct missions that would run afoul
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lead somebody to be subject for an engagement by the United States government.”

Extinction
Wittner 11 (Lawrence S., Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany, Wittner is the author of eight books, the editor or co-editor of another four, and the author of over 250 published articles and book reviews. From 1984 to 1987, he edited Peace and Change, a journal of peace research., 11/28/2011, and#34;Is a Nuclear War With China Possible?and#34;, www.huntingtonnews.net/14446)
The gathering tension between the United States and China is clear enough. Disturbed by
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—destroying agriculture, creating worldwide famine, and generating chaos and destruction.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: USC HS | Judge: Sam Allen
Text: The President of the United States should declare the end of hostilities with Al-Qaida and its affiliates and order the release of detainees at Guantanamo Bay
CP solves the entire aff – declaring an end to hostilities circumvents any congressional restrictions and makes detainees eligible for criminal trials, release, or refugee status
Posner 13
Eric, “President Obama Can Shut Guantanamo Whenever He Wants” http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2013/05/president_obama_can_shut_guantanamo_whenever_he_wants_to.html May 2 mtc
In his press conference Tuesday, President Obama repeated that he wanted to shut Guantanamo
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be released. That may be politically unpalatable but it is legally unimpeachable.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Missouri State HM | Judge: Chris Loghry
Violation – The aff is vague on the character of the NSC
Voting issue – limiting vagueness in the context of NSCs is a prior question
Vladeck 9 – Associate Professor of Law
(Stephen, “THE CASE AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY COURTS,” Scholar)
Ultimately, proposals for national security courts are thought- provoking, but dangerously incomplete
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scope of those suspects’ constitutional rights vis- à-vis the government.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Augustana AC | Judge: Kurt Fifelski
Text: The President of the United States should establish an investigatory commission on indefinite detention vested with the authority to subpoena executive branch officials and access to classified information
Commissions solve and give credibility to the executive
Posner and Vermeule ’10
Eric A. Posner is the Kirkland and Ellis Professor of Law @ the University of Chicago School of Law and Editor of the Journal of Legal Studies, Adrian Vermeule is a legal scholar, Oxford University Press, “The Executive Unbound: After the Madisonian Republic”, Google Books
2. Independent commissions. ¶ We now turn to some conceptually coherent mechanisms of
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plausible inference that the president’s future behavior will track his ¶ past behavior.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: USC HS | Judge: Sam Allen
Focusing on mega-spheres of political action displaces personal responsibility for violence
Kappeler 95 (Susanne, Associate Professor at Al-Akhawayn University, “The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior”, Pg.10-11)
Yet our insight that indeed we are not responsible for the decisions of a Serbian
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our values’ according to the structures and the values of war and violence.
The 1ac represents violence as an inevitable result of circumstance – This ignores personal decision making and makes their impacts inevitable
Kappeler 95 (Susanne, Associate Professor at Al-Akhawayn University, “The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior”, Pg.2-4)
However, under the pressure of mainstream science and a sociological perspective which increasingly dominates
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unmistakable sign to society that racist violence does indeed ‘pay off.’
The terminal impact is extinction
Beres 94 (Louis Rene, Professor of International Law in the Department of Political Science at Purdue University, Spring, Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, Lexis)
This, then, is an altogether different kind of understanding. Rather than rescue
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that is, after all, the most indelible badge of modern humankind.
The alternative is to take personal responsibility for the affirmative impacts
Kappeler 95 (Susanne, Associate Professor at Al-Akhawayn University, “The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior”, Pg.5-6)
A politics aiming at a change in people’s behavior would require political work that is
AND
for any political struggle against violence and for a non-violent society.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 6 | Opponent: UTSA CM | Judge: Kurt Fifelski
The affirmative is a fundamental misreading of politics and the reproduction of social relations.  There is no such thing as the ‘biopolitical state’ that seeks to manage and control populations for the sake of power.  The state and capital move hand in glove—one cannot exist without the other.  Only a total distance from the modern state can allow for the destruction of capital.  Otherwise what is pushed out the door only comes back in through the window
Meszaros 95
Istavan, Prof. Emeritus at Sussex, Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of TransitionP. 65
The modern state as the comprehensive political command structure of capital — is both the
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faithful to the Marxian concern with the ‘withering away’ of the state.
Second, the absence of structural historicism is no mere oversight, nor is it enough to simply mention economics in a few of your cards-- the reliance of indenty-based politics is not an accidental instance of ignoring class.  The demand arises out of the crisis of liberalism—such politics particularizes the oppressions of capitalism to the point that the universal system is naturalized.  Attaining white, male bourgeoisse privilege becomes the bench-mark of political success, re-entrenching the very foundation of the system
BROWN 93
Wendy, Professor and Genius, “Wounded Attachments”, Political Theory, Aug
Although this détente between universal and particular within liberalism is potted with volatile conceits,
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produced by capitalism in addition to that bound to the explicitly politicized marking.
Next, the reduction of class to a neutral level among a long list of other oppressions such as race, destroys the emancipatory potential of class to reach across all lines of indentity and forge political action.  Class must be recognized as qualitatively more important—otherwise the system is able to satisfy demands on grounds of formal equality, destroying attempts to overcome capitalist oppression*
Gimenez 2001
Martha, Prof. Of Sociology at CU Boulder, “Marxism and Class, Gender and Race”, Race Gender and Class, Vol. 8, p. online
There are many competing theories of race, gender, class, American society,
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what happens in social interactions grounded in "intersectionality" is class power.
From the perspective of structural kritik, there can be no such thing as ‘making things better’— their model of politics, no matter how subversive or conservative, all fundamentally exagerate the importance of the formal institution of politics and power, ignoring the ways such a system creates knowledge—only a marxist shift to kritik the structure and create mass social consciousness will overcome this failure of politics
HARNECKER 2000
Marta, Dir of MEPLA, Links, p. online: http://www.dsp.org.au/links/back/issue16/harnecker.html
To think about the construction of forces and the correlation of forces is to change
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to be stirred up, but as something that has to be built.
Next, the determinism of capital is responsible for the instrumentalization of all life—it is this logic that mobilizes and allows for the 1ac’s scenarios in the first place
Dyer-Witherford 99
Nick, Prof at U. of Western Ontario, Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism
For capitalism, the use of machines as organs of “will over nature”
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degree to which this project of mastery has backfired is all too obvious.
There is no such thing as an ethical action that stands outside of politics—your ethical demand to come prior to the structural negation of capital is the largest violation of ethics
Meszaros 95
Istavan, Prof. Emeritus at Sussex, Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of Transitionp. 409-10
Politics and morality are so closely intertwined in the real world that it is hardly
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strategy, taking fully on board the painful lessons of the recent past.
The judge should vote negative to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC.
This is not the alternative, but in truth the only option— method is the foremost political question because one must understand the existing social totality before one can act on it—grounding the sites of political contestation or knowledge outside of labor and surplus value merely serve to humanize capital and prevent a transition to a society beyond oppression
Tumino 2001
Stephen, Prof English at Pitt, ““What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critique, p. online
Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will
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determinism of corporate theory ("knowledge work") that masquerades as social theory.

And next, resistance to capital must be a total negation of the system from out-side of government—while some inside political gains are possible, they are trumped by the ability of the system to use reforms to restabilize capital and marginalize labor as a social alternative
Meszaros 95
Istavan, Prof. Emeritus at Sussex, Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of Transitionp. 738
Thus the role of labour’s extra-parliamentary movement is twofold. On the one
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a vital precondition for countering the massive extra-parliamentary power of capital.
And so much for your permutation—capitalism is an inertial system—any vesitage left remaining by the permutation will inevitably spin back up.  Like a many-headed hydra, it will regenerate with every attempt that attacks the instruments as oppossed to the system itself*
Kovel 2002
Joel, Prof at Bard, Enemy of Nature, Zed Booksp. 142-3
The value-term that subsumes everything into the spell of capital sets going a
AND
field into zones of greater concentration, expanded profitability - and greater ecodestruction.

US aggressions against Mexico and Chicano persons are grounded in capitalism’s drive for accumulation—only our materialist analysis enables an understanding of the historical motives behind the exercise of war powers described by the 1AC
Almaguer 77
(Tomas, “Historical Notes on Chicano Oppression: The Dialectics of Racial and Class Domination in North America,” Aztlan, 5, 1-2, 27-56, Spr-F 74)
To make sense of these United States aggressions on Mexico, they must be understood
AND
requisite for the continued development and expansion of U.S. capitalism.

Finally, methodology is the foremost point of departure to any political query.  You should evaluate epistemology first because the way you think about problems determines how you respond to them and the consequences they engender
Smith ‘96
Steve, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, “Positivism and Beyond,” International theory: Positivism and beyond, New York: Cambridge University Press, 12-1 3
But the stakes are also high because of the links between theory and practice.
AND
are far more considerable than at first sight seem to be the case.

Tournament: NJDDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: UNI AS | Judge: Eric Short
The affirmative’s use of the “visibility metaphor” creates a master narrative that reifies otherness
Davidson 8 - Professor of American Literature
Michael, “Concerto for the Left Hand: Disability and the Defamiliar Body,”
We could see Saramago s novel as offering yet another example of aes-thetic
AND
stepping outside of disability in order to gain a critical perspective on it.
The entire ethical stance of the 1ac presupposes vision as a starting point for understanding drone violence– their attempt to recenter metaphysics is futile because it’s rooted in ableism
Whitney 8 – JD @ Santa Clara University
Sara, “Panopticon for the Blind: A Resituating of Foucault’s Panoptic Metaphor,” http://www.sewanee.edu/philosophy/interlocutor/archives/2008/Whitney.pdf
My suggestion that the panopticon is actually a model for a new visibility is the
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selfdiscipline. We live in a society where even the blind can see.
The interconnectedness of oppressions demands a rejection of the 1ac’s ableist method
Wolbring 8 - Senior Fellow at the Oakland Institute
GREGOR WOLBRING 2008; “The Politics of Ableism;” Society for International Development; http://www.gvsu.edu/cms3/assets/3B8FF455-E590-0E6C-3ED0F895A6FBB287/the_politics_of_ableism.pdf ET
How to address ableism and its
consequences
Ableism is one of the most socially entrenched and¶ accepted isms and one of
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;¶ _ other ableism-supported prejudices;¶ _ ableism differences between cultures.
Vote negative as a dissensus against drone war without engaging in ableist metaphors.

Tournament: CEDA | Round: 5 | Opponent: Louisville BL | Judge: John Koch
Interpretation—all arguments read in previous debates must be publicly accessible on the wiki in either open source fashion, as complete citations, OR a complete description of the argument in the Round Report
A. Debaters should post their arguments—
B. Source citations should be full—
Reasons to Prefer

1. Argument Quality—our interp increases it substantially
   a. Improvements happen rapidly through peer review—only in a system of disclosure do we know the arguments the other team is making in enough detail to actually test
   Torvalds and Diamond ‘1 Linus (Creator of Linux) and David (freelance contributor to the New York Times and Business Week); “Why Open Source Makes Sense”; Educause Review; November/December; p. 71-2 nick 

It's the best illustration of the limitless benefits to be derived from the open
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earn the esteem of their peers. That's got to be highly motivating.
b. No secrecy—there is no incentive to hide bad arguments, and weak arguments won’t be run
Raymond ‘99 Eric S. (Hacker, GNU Contributor, Co-Developer of Fetchmail, Nethack, Emac’s VD and GUD modes); “The Cathedral and the Bazaar”; August 8; http://www.cantonmaine.com/bazaar/cathedral-bazaar-4.html nick
In The Mythical Man-Month, Fred Brooks observed that programmer time is not
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mass and velocity high enough you get surprises like nuclear explosions or Linux.
c. It leaves the debate community
von Hippel ‘5 Eric (Head of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Group in
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rate and are being rewarded for it, as reflected in citations."
2. Education—our interp increases both breadth and depth of education
Breadth – this is really just simple math – every innovation or argument would expand the research and education base.  Depth -- Without the secrecy element of research, pre-tournament research is spent understanding arguments and how to interact with them, instead of just collecting evidence from the wiki  
Vote negative – This is our model for debate—we think our model is better than a closed system for evidence

1. The ballot is key
   Sanchez ‘5 Kevin (debate coach); “eDebate open source / creative commons / how long will you folks keep this stuff locked?”; December 12; http://www.ndtceda.com/pipermail/edebate/2005-December/064838.html nick

At the NDT, many teams chose to post their first constructive speeches on an
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- at least for the immediate future - is winning the position itself.
2. We want an open community

Tournament: NJDDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: KCKCC CG | Judge: Ben Voth
The authority to deploy military force to countries like the Philippines with permission of the host country is presidential war power authority
Dellinger 94
Walter Dellinger¶ Assistant Attorney General, http://www.justice.gov/olc/haiti.htm
Further, in establishing and funding a military force that is capable of being projected
AND
Authorization, 4A Op. O.L.C. at 187.

The Philippines is about to allow Obama to increase military deployments
Reuters 3-14-14
http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/14/us-philippines-usa-idUSBREA2D0GE20140314
¶ The Philippines has agreed to allow the United States access to its military bases
AND
, and La Union, a military official with knowledge of the negotiations.

Those military deployments are key to Obama’s Asia pivot and the Philippines wants to be a key part of the U.S. Asia pivot
Banlaoi 12
Rommel Banlaoi Philipine Institutte for Peace, Violence and Terrorism Research
Increased US Military Presence in the Philippines: Implications for Peace and Development in Mindanao, http://www.slideshare.net/IAGCOTABATO/increased-us-military-presence-in-the-philippines
As an American ally, the Philippines finds U.S. pivot to Asia
AND
Philippine can fit into the U.S. pivot strategy toward Asia.

Pivot solves Asian war – questioning US resolve leads to multiple scenarios for war
Fullilove 13 - the executive director of the Lowy Institute in Sydney, Australia
(Michael, December, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2013/12/04/bidens-trip-is-not-enough-to-save-obamas-pivot-to-asia)
The "pivot" – or to use the administration's preferred term, the "
AND
their own hands. Equally, China may conclude that America lacks resolve.

Asian conflict leads to extinction – draws in nuclear powers and the most populous countries
Mead 10 - senior fellow @ the Council on Foreign Relations
(Walter, American Interest, “Obama in Asia”, http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2010/11/09/obama-in-asia/)
The decision to go to Asia is one that all thinking Americans can and should
AND
, and that reality is what President Obama’s trip is intended to address.

Tournament: WSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor SW | Judge: Dan Stout
The National Defense Panel should include a recommendation in the Quadrennial Defense Review that the United States federal government should increase restrictions on the targeted killing and indefinite detention war powers authorities granted to the President of the United States by Public Law 107-40 and modified by the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act by limiting the targets of those authorities to al-Qaeda, the Taliban, or those nations, organizations, or persons who enjoy close and well-established collaboration with al-Qaeda or the Taliban.

The counterplan competes – it’s not topical and only fiats the executive branch.

The panel shapes DoD policy and leads to Congressional action
Brimley 13 - Vice President and Director of Studies at the Center for a New American Security, served as Special Advisor to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy at the Pentagon from 2009 to 2011
(Shawn, “The Next QDR Is the Last Chance for Sanity,” http://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2013/07/next-qdr-last-chance-sanity/66629/)
Enter the congressionally appointed National Defense Panel, charged with providing an outside assessment of
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War. It will close within a year. Time to get moving.

Sequencing avoids politics – starting with the brass shapes Congressional and Presidential policy
---2010 QDR was the foundation of the Asia Pivot
Eaglen 12 - M.A., School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University
(Mackenzie, “America needs a permanent independent panel to stress test the Pentagon's QDR strategy,” http://www.aei.org/article/foreign-and-defense-policy/defense/america-needs-a-permanent-independent-panel-to-stress-test-the-pentagons-qdr-strategy/)
But Congress has not forgotten its original intent, even if the Pentagon has,
AND
a good place to start. Otherwise, it may be the last.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Missouri State HM | Judge: Chris Loghry
National security courts cause racial targeting and segregation – the primacy of “national security” permeates and devastates any concern for rule of law
Setty 10 – Professor of Law @ West New England
(Sudha, “Comparative Perspectives On Specialized Trials For Terrorism,” 63 Me. L. Rev. 131)
A clear deontological argument can be made that specialized courts should not ¶ be used
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as to short-term or long-term national ¶ security gains.
The impact is violence against the periphery – discursive construction is key
Rana 12 - Assistant Professor of Law, Cornell University Law School; A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Yale Law School; PhD., Harvard University
(Aziz, “Who Decides on Security?”, Connecticut Law Review, VOLUME 44 JULY 2012 NUMBER 5)
Part IV continues by detailing the steady emergence, beginning during the New Deal,
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the dominance of a security concept that systematically challenges those sociological and normative assumptions 

Racism guarantees genocidal war
Mendieta, 02 – SUNY at Stony Brook, (Eduardo, ‘To make live and to let die’ –Foucault on Racism, Meeting of the Foucault Circle, APA Central Division Meeting –Chicago, April 25th , 2002 http://www.sunysb.edu/philosophy/faculty/emendieta/articles/foucault.pdf)
This is where racism intervenes, not from without, exogenously, but from within
AND
of the living, then these threat and foes are biological in nature.  

Reject racism in every instance—it’s a moral side-constraint
Albert Memmi, Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Paris, 1999 (Racism, Published by the University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 0816631654, p. 163-165)
The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
AND
.  True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

Tournament: Emporia | Round: 1 | Opponent: UMKC AF | Judge: Chris Loghry
A. Interpretation – The affirmative’s advocacy must be grounded in both parts of the topic – They must advocate increasing restrictions on the President’s war powers authority
Statutory restrictions require legislation
Black’s Law
(“statutory restriction”, 2nd Edition http://thelawdictionary.org/statutory-restriction/)
Limits or controls that have been place on activities by its ruling legislation.
Judicial means the judicial branch
Your Dictionary 13
(“Examples of Judicial Powers,” http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples/examples-of-judicial-powers.html)
The term judicial powers refers to the power of the Judicial Branch of the United States government to hear cases and interpret, enforce or nullify laws and statutes in order to render verdicts.
The president’s war powers authority is control over the military
Cravens 7 –
(RG, “The War Within: Presidential Versus Congressional Supremacy in War Powers,” http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2008/Cravens.pdf)
The specific power concerning war granted to the President by the Constitution is that of
AND
reinvigorated ¶ debate over the topic of war powers and presidential versus congressional preeminence

They may be tangentially related to war powers, but they aren’t “War Powers of the President”
First – The placement on the bounty list was not a Presidential act
Goins 13 –
(http://politic365.com/2013/05/20/fbi-obama-holder-not-involved-in-adding-assata-shakur-to-most-wanted-terrorists-list/)
The Federal Bureau of Investigation says that President Obama and Attorney General Eric Holder had
AND
President Obama and Attorney General Holder aren’t necessarily involved, the official explained.
Sharkur was targeted by COINTEL
Goins 13 –
(http://politic365.com/2013/05/20/fbi-obama-holder-not-involved-in-adding-assata-shakur-to-most-wanted-terrorists-list/)
Shakur was targeted by the FBI under the COINTELPRO program, which she says was “a program that was set up…to eliminate all political opposition to the U.S. government’s policies, to destroy the Black Liberation Movement in the United States, to discredit activists and to eliminate potential leaders.”
This isn’t a war power it’s “covert power”
NOI 13
(Nation of Islam, “COINTELPRO: The U.S. Government’s War Against Dissent,” http://www.noi.org/cointelpro/)
COINTELPRO (an acronym for Counter Intelligence Program) was a series of covert, and often illegal, projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic organizations deemed “subversive”.

B. Violation – The aff ignores the second half of the topic – Their advocacy only deals with the types of restrictions listed in the first half, not the war powers authority of the president
C. Vote Neg

1. Stasis – Debate requires a stable point of contestation – War powers are incredibly broad and have separate literature bases, but the first half of the resolution ties them together by requiring restrictions on presidential war powers authority – The word “presidential” provides a direction– Without that the aff could interrogate anything even tangentially related to war powers – Debate’s benefits come from arguing against a well prepared opponent – Stasis is the only way we have any idea what anyone will say
   2. Opportunities for negation – The negative needs a way to engage in the debate – Grounding advocacy in both parts of the resolution gives us a point of clash – Otherwise the aff can take a moral high ground and force the neg into morally reprehensible positions – An even division of the literature is necessary for a beneficial discussion
   3. Education – It’s more beneficial to debate about restrictions on presidential war powers authority – It provides the civic education necessary to challenge unfettered executives
   Buchanan 13 - Government professor, UT Austin
   (Bruce, Presidential Power and Accountability: Toward a Presidential Accountability System, Routledge, pg. 21-23)
   When it is authoritatively marshaled (i.e., mobilized, unified, clear
   AND
   popular opinion gained authoritative constitutional recognition" (Ackerman, 1991: 41).
   Political education in the context of Shakur is key – it’s a Congressional policy that is widely supported by even the Black Caucus
   Goins 13 –
   (http://politic365.com/2013/05/20/fbi-obama-holder-not-involved-in-adding-assata-shakur-to-most-wanted-terrorists-list/)
   The Congressional Response¶ Rep. Scott Garrett (R-N.J.)
   AND
   However, a day later Waters said she would have voted against it.

Tournament: NJDDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: MoState MR | Judge: Richard Tews
A. Interpretation- plans must increase restrictions on authority.

1. Restriction means limitation – excludes the AFF.
   Brown, 2012
   Jean Schiedler-Brown, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington, The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf
   3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include
   AND
   some supervision conditions, but he did not agree to restrict his license.
   authority is the JUSTIFICATION for the action of their aff, not the ACTION itself
   Zimmerman 9 – Fellow, Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress
   (Adam, "The Politics Economics Make,” http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2009/Colgate_Zimmerman.pdf)
   Skowronek distinguishes between presidential power and authority. Power is the¶ formal and informal
   AND
   expands; the ability of the president to exercise those powers has narrowed.

2. Procedural restrictions are not restrictions on the warrants or grounds of executive decisions.
Flynn, et al., 2012
Sean M. Flynn+, Brook Baker++, Margot Kaminski§ and Jimmy Koo?, + American University Washington College of Law, Associate Director, PIJIP. Primary author of the article except as noted below. ++ Northeastern University School of Law, Program on Human Rights and the Global Economy. Primary author of Part III. § Yale Law School, Executive Director, Information Society Project. Primary author of Part IV(H). ? American University Washington College of Law, Fellow. Contributor to all sections. The U.S. Proposal for an Intellectual Property Chapter in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement* American University International Law Review, 28 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 105
There is no restriction on the grounds that may be used to revoke a patent
AND
expiration of two years from the grant of the first compulsory licence." n189
B. Topicality is a voting issue:

1. Limits: creating new procedures unhinges the topic—means that affs can do anything to make the President jump through another hoop—plans could codify existing procedures, have Obama report to congress, change a tactic of authority—explodes the topic
   2. Ground: Without specifying NEW standards, judicial review defers to status quo war powers authority. It doesn’t really change anything, and we don’t get any real predictable or real ground.  
   AR, 2008
   Army Regulation 550–51, International Agreements, SUMMARY of CHANGE, http://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/pdf/r550_51.pdf
   c. Restriction. This regulation does not eliminate or replace interagency coordination or consultation
   AND
   Army, may negotiate and execute such agreements on behalf of the SA.)

Tournament: UNT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Indiana FH | Judge: Shelby Pryor
Interpretation: A topical plan is limited to restricting the President’s authority over the military
Bajesky 13 – MA in Political Science and Applied Economics, LLM @ Georgetown
(Robert, “Dubitable Security Threats and Low Intensity Interventions as the Achilles' Heel of War Powers,” 32 Miss. C. L. Rev. 9)
A numerical comparison indicates that the Framer's intended for Congress to be the dominant branch
AND
the President was empowered "to repel and not to commence war." n32
Violation: the plan applies to CIA targeted killings
Policinski 13 - legal fellow with the International Humanitarian Law Dissemination unit at American Red Cross National Headquarters, holds a J.D. from Villanova Law School in Villanova, Pennsylvania and an LL.M. from the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights in Geneva, Switzerland
(Ellen, “Why Shifting Drone Strikes from the CIA to the DoD is a Good Idea,” http://lawsofarmedconflict.com/2013/06/13/why-shifting-drone-strikes-from-the-cia-to-the-dod-is-a-good-idea/)
The use of drones as a tool to carry out targeted killing operations raises a
AND
drone that killed al-Awlaki was controlled by the CIA.3
Voting issue –
Limits – adding on other powers drastically increases the research burden – war powers is already large enough
Taylor 5 – now a JD from William and Mary
(Jarred, “Searching for a More Perfect Union,” https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ypiOXjRVPWzNxDsFVJ0S1n-QfIGtXzp7Y59meEwd-bE/edit?hl=en_US)
It would take even the most seasoned scholar years of research and hundreds of pages
AND
Nevertheless, some of the major changes in executive military power bear highlighting.
Ground – steals core neg shift, loopholes and counterplan ground
Proves resolution insufficient – outside jurisdiction
Solvency boosting – get to fiat more branches, more actions – err neg because literature bias for restricting war-making

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 6 | Opponent: UTSA CM | Judge: Kurt Fifelski
A. Interpretation – The affirmative’s advocacy must be grounded in both parts of the topic – They must advocate increasing restrictions on the President’s war powers authority
Statutory restrictions require legislation
Black’s Law
(“statutory restriction”, 2nd Edition http://thelawdictionary.org/statutory-restriction/)
Limits or controls that have been place on activities by its ruling legislation.
Judicial means the judicial branch
Your Dictionary 13
(“Examples of Judicial Powers,” http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples/examples-of-judicial-powers.html)
The term judicial powers refers to the power of the Judicial Branch of the United States government to hear cases and interpret, enforce or nullify laws and statutes in order to render verdicts.
The president’s war powers authority is control over the military
Cravens 7 –
(RG, “The War Within: Presidential Versus Congressional Supremacy in War Powers,” http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2008/Cravens.pdf)
The specific power concerning war granted to the President by the Constitution is that of
AND
reinvigorated ¶ debate over the topic of war powers and presidential versus congressional preeminence
B. Violation – The aff ignores the first half of the topic – Their advocacy only deals with the listed areas in the second half, not restrictions or war powers
C. Vote Neg

1. Stasis – Debate requires a stable point of contestation – The four areas are incredibly broad and have separate literature bases, but the first half of the resolution ties them together by requiring restrictions on war powers authority – The word “restrictions” provides a direction and a mechanism – Without that the aff could interrogate anything even tangentially related to one of the four areas – Debate’s benefits come from arguing against a well prepared opponent – Stasis is the only way we have any idea what anyone will say
   2. Opportunities for negation – The negative needs a way to engage in the debate – Grounding advocacy in both parts of the resolution gives us a point of clash – Otherwise the aff can take a moral high ground and force the neg into morally reprehensible positions – An even division of the literature is necessary for a beneficial discussion
   3. Education – It’s more beneficial to debate about restrictions on war powers authority – It provides the civic education necessary to challenge unfettered executives
   Buchanan 13 - Government professor, UT Austin
   (Bruce, Presidential Power and Accountability: Toward a Presidential Accountability System, Routledge, pg. 21-23)
   When it is authoritatively marshaled (i.e., mobilized, unified, clear
   AND
   popular opinion gained authoritative constitutional recognition" (Ackerman, 1991: 41).

4)  Epistemology: All aff claims are uncertain. Unpredictable advocacies are not subject to the type of rigorous scrutiny and testing that is required for a claim to be granted. If their claims are not predictable it means they are not subject to rigorous testing and should not be treated as true. You cannot evaluate the validity of their aff arguments until you conclude that it is topical because unTopical advocacies are not subject to the same amount of scrutiny and testing.  This means the aff can only claim offense from their interpretation, not from the value of the 1AC since the value of the 1AC has not been established through rigorous debate. 

Their education is only useful when it can be deliberated
Roberts-Miller 2
(Roberts-Miller, Patricia, Associate Rhetoric Professor at the University of Texas, January 2002, “Fighting without Hatred: Hannah Arendt’s Agonistic Rhetoric”, Journal of Advanced Composition, Vol. 22, No. 3)
There are two points to emphasize in this wonderful passage. First, one does
AND
a world into which one enters and by which one might be changed.

Tournament: NJDDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lindenwood JM | Judge: Mia Bonnito
Interpretation:
Topical affirmatives must affirm the resolution through instrumental defense of federal government action. This can come as a result of insurrection against statism, but it must be a definitive example of the resolution.
Definitions
Should denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
AHD 2k
(American Heritage Dictionary 2000 (Dictionary.com))
should. The will to do something or have something take place: I shall go out if I feel like it.  
Federal government is in DC
Encarta Online 5
(http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500781_6/United_States_(Government).html#howtocite)
United States (Government), the combination of federal, state, and local laws, bodies, and agencies that is responsible for carrying out the operations of the United States. The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington, D.C.
Resolved implies a policy
Louisiana House 5
(http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm)
Resolution  A legislative instrument that generally is used for making declarations,  stating policies, and making decisions where some other form is not  required. A bill includes the constitutionally required enacting clause; a  resolution uses the term "resolved". Not subject to a time limit for  introduction nor to governor's veto. ( Const. Art. III, §17(B) and House  Rules 8.11 , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4)
Net-benefits:
FIRST – Unified stasis
They explode the number of potential affs to anything that has a loose relationship to war – making it impossible for the neg to engage in crucial pre-round research and shifting the debate away from the unifying and stable reference point.
Debate’s benefits come from arguing against a well prepared opponent – that preparation is the only way to test the epistemology of the aff, their impact claims are false until tested
Talisse 5 – Professor of Philosophy @ Vandy
(Robert, Philosophy and Social Criticism, “Deliberativist responses to activist challenges,” 31(4) p. 429-431)
The argument thus far might appear to turn exclusively upon different conceptions of what reasonableness
AND
of justice. Insofar as the activist denies this, he is unreasonable.
Even if the affirming the resolution is factually wrong having a devil’s advocate for deliberation is crucial to critical thinking skills and avoiding groupthink
Mercier and Landmore 11 – Professor of Political Science @ Yale
(Hugo and Helene, “Reasoning is for arguing: Understanding the successes and failures of deliberation” Political Psychology, http://sites.google.com/site/hugomercier/publications)
Reasoning can function outside of its normal conditions when it is used purely internally.
AND
(e.g. Schweiger, Sandberg, and Ragan, 1986).
SECOND – Institutional competence
By investigating paths of government action, debate teaches us to be organizationally relevant – trains us to challenge dominant institutions from within
Algoso 11 – writes on international development, aid, politics, management, complexity
(May 31, Dave, “Why I got an MPA: Because organizations matter” http://findwhatworks.wordpress.com/2011/05/31/why-i-got-an-mpa-because-organizations-matter/)
 Because organizations matter. Forget the stories of heroic individuals written in your middle
AND
right program for you and use your time well, can do both.
THIRD – war powers literacy
Simulated national security law debates preserve agency and enhance decision-making – avoids cooption  
Donahue 13 - Associate Professor of Law, Georgetown Law
(Laura K, “National Security Law Pedagogy and the Role of Simulations”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/National-Security-Law-Pedagogy-and-the-Role-of-Simulations.pdf)
The concept of simulations as an aspect of higher education, or in the law
AND
undoubtedly necessary, it suggests one potential direction for the years to come.
Evaluate this debate based on competing pedagogical interpretations of debate, not the substance of the 1ac alone – it’s a logical consequence of their choice to ignore the topic in this debate.

Tournament: NJDDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: MoState MR | Judge: Richard Tews
TPA will Pass – Obama is pushing and the votes are there
NBC 2-24
(WHOTV, “AGRIBUSINESS: Trade Promotion Authority Closer To Passing” February 24, 2014
http://whotv.com/2014/02/24/agribusiness-trade-promotion-authority-closer-to-passing/)
The Obama Administration is trying again to get Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) off
AND
of the Legislative Branch doubt they can negotiate trade deals as a group.
Losses prevent Democratic coalitions
Loomis 7
Dr. Andrew J. Loomis is a Visiting Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, and Department of Government at Georgetown University, “Leveraging legitimacy in the crafting of U.S. foreign policy”, March 2, 2007, pg 36-37, http://citation.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/7/9/4/8/pages179487/p179487-36.php
Declining political authority encourages defection. American political analyst Norman Ornstein writes of the domestic
AND
affects the character of U.S. policy, foreign and domestic.
TPA is critical to US economic growth and restoring America’s free trade credibility
Riley and Kim 4-16
(Bryan Riley is Jay Van Andel Senior Analyst in Trade Policy and Anthony B. Kim is a Senior Policy Analyst in the Center for International Trade and Economics at The Heritage Foundation.
www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/04/advancing-trade-freedom-key-objective-of-trade-promotion-authority-renewal)
Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) has been a critical tool for advancing free trade
AND
fosters open markets, democracy, and peace throughout the world.3
Protectionism sparks global nuclear war
Panzer 8 (Michael J., Faculty – New York Institute of Finance, Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, p. 137-138)
The rise in isolationism and protectionism will bring about ever more heated arguments and dangerous
AND
between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Augustana AC | Judge: Kurt Fifelski
Exec flexibility on detention powers now
Michael Tomatz 13, Colonel, B.A., University of Houston,  J
AND
ON ENEMY DETENTION,” 69 A.F. L. Rev. 1
President Obama signed the NDAA "despite having serious reservations with certain provisions that regulate
AND
about known and hidden dangers, and preventing terrorists from continuing the fight.
Reforms result in catastrophic terrorism---releases them and kills intel gathering
Jack Goldsmith 09, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, 2/4/09, “Long-Term Terrorist Detention and Our National Security Court,” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2009/2/0920detention20goldsmith/0209_detention_goldsmith.pdf
These three concerns challenge the detention paradigm. They do nothing to eliminate the need
AND
in the past; having government authorities that reflect that change makes sense.
Nuclear terrorism is feasible---high risk of theft and attacks escalate
Vladimir Z. Dvorkin ‘12 Major General (retired), doctor of technical sciences, professor, and senior fellow at the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  The Center participates in the working group of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, 9/21/12, "What Can Destroy Strategic Stability: Nuclear Terrorism is a Real Threat," belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/22333/what_can_destroy_strategic_stability.html
Hundreds of scientific papers and reports have been published on nuclear terrorism. International conferences
AND
a common understanding of these threats and develop a strategy to combat them.
Extinction---equivalent to full-scale nuclear war
Owen B. Toon 7, chair of the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at CU-Boulder, et al., April 19, 2007, “Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism,” online: http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-1973-2007.pdf
To an increasing extent, people are congregating in the world’s great urban centers,
AND
should be carried out as well for the present scenarios and physical outcomes.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 6 | Opponent: UTD OV | Judge: Matthew Moore
Targeted killing’s vital to counterterrorism---disrupts leadership and makes carrying out attacks impossible
Kenneth Anderson 13, Professor of International Law at American University, June 2013, “The Case for Drones,” Commentary, Vol. 135, No. 6
Targeted killing of high-value terrorist targets, by contrast, is the end
AND
acknowledged in communications, have a significant impact on planning and organizational effectiveness.
Constraining targeted killing’s role in the war on terror causes extinction
Louis Rene Beres 11, Professor of Political Science and International Law at Purdue, 2011, “After Osama bin Laden: Assassination, Terrorism, War, and International Law,” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 44 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 93
Even after the U.S. assassination of Osama bin Laden, we are
AND
, it could be followed, in certain circumstances, by unconventional attacks.
Nuclear terror causes extinction
Owen B. Toon 7, chair of the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at CU-Boulder, et al., April 19, 2007, “Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism,” online: http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-1973-2007.pdf
To an increasing extent, people are congregating in the world’s great urban centers,
AND
should be carried out as well for the present scenarios and physical outcomes.

Tournament: Emporia | Round: 4 | Opponent: KState SS | Judge: Shae Bunas
Text: The president of the United States should direct that U.S. drone strikes be conducted as DOD Title 10 operations

CP solves the aff – creates transparency, unifies congressional oversight, complies with international law, sends an international signal, and gets modeled internationally
Zenko 13
Micah, “Transferring CIA Drone Strikes to the Pentagon” http://www.cfr.org/drones/transferring-cia-drone-strikes-pentagon/p30434 April mtc
The president should direct that U.S. drone strikes be conducted as DOD
AND
Obama administration claims can have a normative influence on how others use drones.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Oklahoma CO | Judge: Alex Martel
The aff destroys transhumanism
More 96 (Max, Ph.D., Strategic Philosopher and co-founder of the Extropy Institute, “TRANSHUMANISM: Towards a Futurist Philosophy,” http://www.maxmore.com/transhum.htm)
EXPLANATION AND TECHNOLOGY: Humans (and transhumans) are marked by a persistent desire
AND
since religious technology is ineffective (with the occasional exception of psychosomatic effects). 

Solves every impact
Bostrom 9  PhD from the London School of Economics (Nick, 2/5/2009, “IN DEFENSE OF POSTHUMAN DIGNITY”, http://www.psy.vanderbilt.edu/courses/hon182/Posthuman_dignity_Bostrom.pdf)
The prospect of posthumanity is feared for at least two reasons. One is that
AND
reform ourselves and our natures in accordance with humane values and personal aspirations.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Texas KS | Judge: Michael Bausch
Obama’s Syria move signals maximized executive war powers
Posner 9/3
Eric, professor at the University of Chicago Law School, Obama Is Only Making His War Powers Mightier, Slate, 9/3/13, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2013/09/obama_going_to_congress_on_syria_he_s_actually_strengthening_the_war_powers.html
President Obama’s surprise announcement that he will ask Congress for approval of a military attack
AND
car.” This is hardball politics, not a rediscovery of legal values.

Restrictions of OCOs undermine executive flexibility and warfighting
Lorber 13
Eric, J.D. Candidate, University of Pennsylvania Law School, Ph.D Candidate, Duke University Department of Political Science, EXECUTIVE WARMAKING AUTHORITY AND OFFENSIVE CYBER OPERATIONS: CAN EXISTING LEGISLATION SUCCESSFULLY CONSTRAIN PRESIDENTIAL POWER?, Journal of Constitutional Law, January 2013, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/1773-lorber15upajconstl9612013
we do not endorse the gendered language in this evidence
Based on analysis of the War Powers Resolution, the lack of oversight for ¶
AND
giving the President an increasingly powerful foreign ¶ policy tool outside congressional reach.

Nuclear war
Kagan and O’Hanlon 07
Frederick and Michael, resident scholar at AEI and senior fellow in foreign policy at Brookings, The Case for Larger Ground Forces, April, http://www.aei.org/files/2007/04/24/20070424_Kagan20070424.pdf
We live at a time when wars not only rage¶ in nearly every region
AND
missions such as the ones now under¶ way in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: Harvard BN | Judge: Eric Morris
Amit and I advocate the reduction of prisons ONLY to Tom Silverstein, Ted Kaczynski, Terry Nichols and Richard Reid.
This is a radical departure from the status quo that recognizes in some instances continued incarceration is necessary to prevent much greater harm.
The counterplan competes – it’s not abolition:
AHD 13
(American Heritage, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/abolition)
Abolition: The act of doing away with or the state of being done away with; annulment.
Here is our solvency advocate – Prisons are insidious but abolition is a dangerous strategy – prisons should be limited, not abolished
Thiessen 13 – studying Criminal Justice, Sociology and Psychology at the University of Winnipeg
(Brittany, “My Prison Abolition Opinions,” http://crimeandjusticecanada.blogspot.com/p/my-prison-abolition-opinions.html)
In my opinion, there are only a small number of individuals that require incapacitation
AND
in becoming more hardened criminals with better skills at dishonesty and concealing crimes.
The impact is widespread death – these worst offenders will rain bombs throughout the United States and kill significant groups of innocent people
Tytler 10
(Carolyn, “The Most Dangerous Inmates in the United States,” http://voices.yahoo.com/the-most-dangerous-inmates-united-states-5967736.html)
They have been convicted of committing evil deeds. They have been captured and confined
AND
and Yousef were still at large, none of us would be safe.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Indiana FH | Judge: Shelby Pryor
Text: The Central Intelligence Agency should ban all drone operations and make transparent targeting procedures.

Tournament: Emporia | Round: 4 | Opponent: KState SS | Judge: Shae Bunas
CIR will pass SOON Obama’s continued push is key
Matthews 10/16
Laura Matthews, MA Columbia, International Business Times “2013 Immigration Reform Bill: 'I'm Going To Push To Call A Vote,' Says Obama” October 16 2013 http://www.ibtimes.com/2013-immigration-reform-bill-im-going-push-call-vote-says-obama-1429220
When Congress finally passes a bipartisan bill that kicks the fiscal battles over to early
AND
can get immigration reform legislation passed in the House and signed into law.”
Plan unpopular in house
Starks 13
Tim, “House Judiciary Members Split on After-the-Fact Review of Drone Strikes Against U.S. Citizens” http://www.rollcall.com/news/house_judiciary_members_split_on_after_the_fact_review_of_drone_strikes-222695-1.html?pg=1 February 27 mtc
House Judiciary Committee members differ over whether an after-the-fact review of
AND
made a mistake,’ ” said Ted Poe, R-Texas.
Reform key to competitiveness and growth
Trujillo and Melgoza 2/21
Mr. Trujillo is chairman of the Trujillo Group, LLC and co-chairman of the Latino Donor Collaborative. Mr. Melgoza is the CEO of Geoscape International Inc. The Economic—and Demographic—Case for Immigration Reform, 2/21/13, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323951904578290471589119346.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
Since the November election, there has been much talk in Washington and on the
AND
a coherent and enforceable immigration policy is in place and here to stay.
Sustained decline causes nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9
Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
more focus on preemption rather than defense, potentially leading to escalating crises.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 5 | Opponent: UCO VY | Judge: Joel Rollins
Hegemony key to solve extinction
Thomas P.M. Barnett 11 Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis and Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” March 7 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads
It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of
AND
the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding. 

The US prevents escalation of every hotspot
Kagan and O’Hanlon 07
Frederick and Michael, resident scholar at AEI and senior fellow in foreign policy at Brookings, The Case for Larger Ground Forces, April, http://www.aei.org/files/2007/04/24/20070424_Kagan20070424.pdf
We live at a time when wars not only rage¶ in nearly every region
AND
missions such as the ones now under¶ way in Iraq and Afghanistan.

War is at its lowest level in history because of US primacy---best statistical studies prove
John M. Owen 11, Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard "DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONY" Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/
Andrew Mack and his colleagues at the Human Security Report Project are to be congratulated
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U.S. material and moral support for liberal democracy remains strong.
Heg is ethical and not utopian
Christian Reus-Smit 4 IR @ Australian Nat’l, American Power and World Order p.  109-115
The final ethical position — the polar opposite of the first — holds that the
AND
is needed than the simple yet enticing propos¬ition that might is never right.
Our advantage isn’t based on myopic security discourse- multiple independent fields support our hegemony advantage, prefer our advantage because it is interdisciplinary
Wohlforth 9 William, professor of government at Dartmouth College, “ Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War”Project Muse
Mainstream theories generally posit that states come to blows over an international status quo only
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ways that directly contradict their material interest in security and/or prosperity.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 6 | Opponent: UTD OV | Judge: Matthew Moore
A short term extension can be reached but PC is key
O’Connor 10/10
Patrick, author for WSJ, “GOP to Propose Temporary Debt-Ceiling Increase” 10/10/13 (http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303382004579127241553500068)//JTN
White House spokesman Jay Carney signaled the Obama administration was open to the short-
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that could last one or two weeks if the debt ceiling isn't raised.
Plan costs PC – causes GOP fight on the debt ceiling
Seeking Profits 9/10
Full time investor with five years experience, Syria Could Upend Debt Ceiling Fight, 9/10/13, http://seekingalpha.com/article/1684082-syria-could-upend-debt-ceiling-fight
Unless President Obama can totally change a reluctant public's perception of another Middle-Eastern
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U.S. obligations unless another last minute deal can be struck.
Failure collapses the economy – goes global and past events don’t disprove
Davidson 9/10
Adam, co-founder of NPR’s “Planet Money,” Our Debt to Society, New York Times, 9/10/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=all
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall, some serious financial decisions will
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free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.

Tournament: Emporia | Round: 4 | Opponent: KState SS | Judge: Shae Bunas
The plan is a strategy of legitimation – bringing the US in line with international law expands the model of US law and entrenches an Americanized legal class – that produces justification for imperial violence against non-Western societies
Mattei 3
(Ugo, Hastings College of the Law; Univ. of Turin, Italy, “A Theory of Imperial Law: A Study on U.S.
Hegemony and the Latin Resistance”, Global Jurist Frontiers , Vol. 3 2003, Iss. 2, Art. 1)

Neo-colonial practices in the Third World are to a great extent originated by
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law, the notion of counter-hegemony as used in this article.
Global movements against neoliberal hegemony are emerging now and will be effective---the plan’s consolidation of U.S.-driven economic orthodoxy collapses democracy, causes resource wars, environmental collapse, and extinction
Vandana Shiva 12, founder of the Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Western Ontario, chairs the Commission on the Future of Food set up by the Region of Tuscany in Italy and is a member of the Scientific Committee which advises President Zapatero of Spain, March 1, 2012, “Imposed Austerity vs Chosen Simplicity: Who Will Pay For Which Adjustments?,” online: http://www.ethicalmarkets.com/2012/03/01/imposed-austerity-vs-chosen-simplicity-who-will-pay-for-which-adjustments/
The dominant economic model based on limitless growth on a limited planet is leading to
AND
have started to say “No to the Green Economy of the 1”.
But an ecological adjustment is possible, and is happening. This ecological adjustment involves
AND
based on the recovery of the commons and the creation of Earth Democracy.
The dominant economic model based on resource monopolies and the rule of an oligarchy is
AND
homeland security in U.S., and multiple security laws in India.
The calls for a democratic adjustment from below are witnessed worldwide in the rise of non-violent protests, from the Arab spring to the American autumn of “Occupy” and the Russian winter challenging the hijack of elections and electoral democracy.
And these movements for democratic adjustment are also rising everywhere in response to the “
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houses, manicure the fingernails, and maintain the lawn of the affluent”.
Forced austerity based on the old paradigm allows the 1 super rich, the
AND
imposed austerity built into the trade liberalization and “economic reform” policies.
There is another paradigm emerging which is shared by Gandhi and the new movements of
AND
and it creates a path for economic adjustment based on justice and equity.
Forced austerity makes the poor and working families pay for the excesses of limitless greed and accumulation by the super rich. Chosen simplicity stops these excesses and allow us to flower into an Earth Democracy where the rights and freedoms of all species and all people are protected and respected.
Reject their ideological focus on short-term impacts---cast the ballot to fundamentally rethink the global promotion of Western law
Ugo Mattei 9, Professor at Hastings College of the Law and University of Turin; and Marco de Morpurgo,  M.Sc. Candidate, International University College of Turin, LL.M. Candidate, Harvard Law School, 2009, “GLOBAL LAW and PLUNDER: THE DARK SIDE OF THE RULE OF LAW,” online: http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014andcontext=bocconi_legal_papers
Contemporary mass cultures operate within a short time-span. Most intellectuals do not
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does not recognize that the West is itself part of something much larger.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cal EM | Judge: Chris Loghry
Interpretation – authority is the JUSTIFICATION for action, not the ACTION itself
Zimmerman 9 – Fellow, Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress
(Adam, "The Politics Economics Make,” http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2009/Colgate_Zimmerman.pdf)
Skowronek distinguishes between presidential power and authority. Power is the¶ formal and informal
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expands; the ability of the president to exercise those powers has narrowed.
The restriction must be DIRECTLY on the authority
Supreme Court of Canada 96
(1996 S.C.J. No. 46, File No.: 23802, http://www.mandellpinder.com/pdf/cases/R-v-Lewis-1996-1-SCR-921.pdf)
The appellants submit that the ordinary meaning of the word "on" embraces the
AND
signifies "within the¶ reserve", not "adjacent to the reserve".
Violation – the plan restricts the ACTION not the WARRANT for action
Voting issue –
-~--Ground – moots alternative authority counterplans and solvency arguments –
-~--Extra-topicality – proves resolution insufficient and leads to unpredictable advantages and link tricks

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Augustana AC | Judge: Kurt Fifelski
Interp—Presidential war power is the power to order military forces in combat

Black’s Law Dictionary, 1999
(7th Edition, p. 1578-9)
"War Power" is defined as "the constitutional authority of Congress to declare war and maintain armed forces (U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cls. 11-14), and of the President to conduct war as commander-in-chief (U.S. Const. art. II, § 2, cl. 1)." 

The president’s ability to classify information is grounded in the Power of Executive privilege
Rosenberg 09
When Congress Comes Calling¶ A Primer on the Principles, Practices, and Pragmatics of Legislative Inquiry¶ Morton Rosenberg¶ Constitution Project Fellow http://www.constitutionproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/175.pdf
Congress’ broad investigatory powers are constrained both by the structural limitations imposed by our constitutional
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as well as to safeguard information¶ whose disclosure might threaten national security.

Tournament: WSU | Round: Octas | Opponent: Oklahoma BC | Judge: Fifelski, Chase, Stout
1NC

A. Interpretation – The affirmative should interpret and affirm the topic in a way that confronts anti-blackness.

Debating about these ideas requires interpretation and affirmation of the topic as an endpoint.
Ignatieff, 2004
Prof of Human Rights @ Harvard, Michael, Lesser Evils p. 20-1
As for moral perfectionism, this would be the doctrine that a liberal state should
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less than helpful when political leaders have to choose between them in practice. 

B. Method – we should test affirmatives through argumentation. The AFF violates our method because it does not affirm the resolution as an endpoint.
Zarefsky, 2008
David Zarefsky, Department of Communication Studies, Northwestern University, Journal of Communication, “Knowledge Claims in Rhetorical Criticism” doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00405.x
The way out of this dilemma is to reconsider the ideal of verification. It
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to scrutinize claims and determine which are more deserving of acceptance as true.
Violation – The aff fails to interpret and affirm the topic in a way that confronts anti-blackness.
C. Vote Neg

1. Stasis – Debate requires a stable point of contestation – without a focus on an interpretation of the topic, the aff positions themselves on a moral high ground that makes it impossible to be negative. Debate’s benefits come from arguing against a well prepared opponent – Stasis is the only way we have any idea what anyone will say
   2. Opportunities for negation – The negative needs a way to engage in the debate – Grounding advocacy in an interpretation and affirmation of the topic gives us a point of clash – Otherwise the aff can take a moral high ground and force the neg into morally reprehensible positions – An even division of the literature is necessary for a beneficial discussion.
   3. Deliberation - Effective deliberation is crucial to the activation of personal agency ---this activation of agency is vital to preventing mass violence and genocide and overcoming politically debilitating self-obsession
   Roberts-Miller 3
   Patricia Roberts-Miller 3 is Associate Professor of Rhetoric at the University of Texas "Fighting Without Hatred:Hannah Ar endt ' s Agonistic Rhetoric" JAC 22.2 2003
   Totalitarianism and the Competitive Space of Agonism Arendt is probably most famous for her analysis
   AND
   process to which the people enacting it have fallen captive. (87)

4. Advocacy - Debate must be more than a forum for confessional politics or historical mapping- challenging anti-blackness requires thinking about changing the conditions of racism.
Montgomery, 2013
Ken Montgomery, Associate Professor in the Faculty of Education at the University of Regina. Critical Education, Volume 4 Number 1, January 15, 2013. “Pedagogy and Privilege: The Challenges and Possibilities of Teaching Critically about Racism.” http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/criticaled/article/view/182323
The insistence that racisms pervade everyday lived realities and are always relevant necessarily means that
AND
Kress, 2011, p. 263; Rautins and Ibrahim, 2011).

5. Pedagogy - Personal experiences guides our interpretations of the topic, but they must be directed back at the structures that shape and produce the violence in question in order to achieve a productive, critical pedagogy.
Denzin, 2003
Norman K. Denzin, Performing Auto Ethnography Politically, The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 25:257–278, kakali.org/memphiswebsite/kakaliorg1/8562/Performance2520Ethnography/Denzin.2520Performing.pdf
A commitment to critical pedagogy in the classroom can be an empowering, dialogical experience
AND
p. 136; see also Bourdieu, 1999, p. 8).

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: USC HS | Judge: Sam Allen
Interpretation – restriction requires prohibition of an entire topic list area
Restriction means prohibition
Corpus Juris Secundum 31
Volume 54, p. 735
RESTRICT:  To confine; to limit; to prevent (a person or thing) from passing a certain limit in any kind of action; to restrain; to restrain without bounds.

 “In the area” means all of the activities
United Nations 13
(United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty, http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part1.htm)
PART I¶ INTRODUCTION¶ Article 1
Use of terms and scope¶ 1. For the purposes of this Convention:¶ (1) and#34;Areaand#34; means the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;¶ (2) and#34;Authorityand#34; means the International Seabed Authority;¶ (3) and#34;activities in the Areaand#34; means all activities of exploration for, and exploitation of, the resources of the Area;
Violations – the affirmative doesn’t prohibit
--either it sets conditions that can be met, or just limits the scope

Voting issue –
Limits – absent prohibition of an area, every single condition or regulation acts as a functional restriction on some single process of war powers authority – dozens of tiny mechanisms and small subsets of areas create an infinite number of affs that core lit doesn’t check
Bidirectionality – absent a prohibition, the aff can create meaningless “conditions” that EXPAND presidential power – commission consultation proves
Wilson Center No Date
(War Powers Proposal Gives the President Even More Authority, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/war-powers-proposal-gives-the-president-even-more-authority)
A privately organized Commission on War Powers recommended last week that the 1973 War Powers
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in Congress, behind closed doors and shielded by classified briefings and documents.

Tournament: WSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor SW | Judge: Dan Stout
Increase means to make greater
Martinez 6 – Justice for the Supreme Court of Colorado
(SUPREME COURT OF COLORADO, 129 P.3d 988; 2006 Colo. LEXIS 395, Plaintiff-Appellee: DOUGLAS BRUCE, v. Defendants-Appellants: CITY OF COLORADO SPRINGS and KATHRYN YOUNG, City Clerk, in her official capacity as election officer for the city, Lexis)
Turning, then, to the language of section (3), itself, we
AND
latter suggests a change that will impose a greater cost on the taxpayer.

Restriction is a limitation
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf
3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include
AND
some supervision conditions, but he did not agree to restrict his license.

Violation—The plan codifies existing practices and expands the president’s war powers authority.
Stimson, Senior Legal Fellow and former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Detainee Affairs, 2011
Charles Stimson, Senior Legal Fellow in the Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at The Heritage Foundation, He served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Detainee Affairs (2006–2007). Common-Sense Principles for Detainee Policy By Charles "Cully" Stimson, Heritage, October 17, 2011, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/10/common-sense-principles-for-detainee-policy
It authorizes the President to use “all necessary and appropriate force against those nations
AND
terrorist organizations or individuals engaged in armed conflict against the U.S.

Vote neg

1. Limits—

2. Bidirectionality

Tournament: WSU | Round: 5 | Opponent: KState MR | Judge: Justin Stanley
A. Interpretation – Targeted killing requires an identified target and a name on a kill list – Signature strikes are distinct
Uebersax 12 - psychologist, writer and former RAND Corporation military analyst.
(John, “The Four Kinds of Drone Strikes,” http://satyagraha.wordpress.com/2012/05/23/the-four-kinds-of-drone-strikes/)
We must begin with clear terms, and that is the purpose of the present
AND
Geneva Conventions, International Law, public opinion, and basic human decency.

Vote Neg

1. Limits – They expand the topic to include anything the U.S. does with drones or any form of killing – This devastates limits
   Silva 3 - Faculte de Droit de l'Universite de Montreal
   (Sebastian Jose Silva, “Death For Life: A Study of Targeted Killing by States In International Law,” Thesis, http://www.researchgate.net/publication/35710449_Death_for_life_microforme__a_study_of_targeted_killing_by_States_in_international_law_)
   As defined by Steven R. David, targeted killing is the "intentional slaying
   AND
   their very suggestion. David's definition is essentially correct but over-inclusive.

2. Precision – Even if there is not a codified technical definition of TK, our interpretation is the only accurate description of how the US military OPERATIONALIZES targeted killing – this is more important than random Obama quotes
McNeal 13
Gregory, “The Politics of Accountability for Targeted Killings” http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/03/the-politics-of-accountability-for-targeted-killings/ March 14 mtc
This section draws exclusively from evidence about the military’s target execution process. However,
AND
fall into the “members of an organized armed group” category.243

Ground – steals core neg shift, loopholes and counterplan ground
Proves resolution insufficient – outside jurisdiction
Solvency boosting – get to fiat more branches, more actions – err neg because literature bias for restricting war-making

Tournament: UNT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Indiana FH | Judge: Shelby Pryor
Obama is using PC – needs it to sustain a veto on Iran sanctions – top of the agenda
Lobe 12/27
Jim, reporter for Inter Press Service, “Iran sanctions bill: Big test of Israel lobby power,” 12/27/13, http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=articleandcat=Worldandarticle=8046
This week’s introduction by a bipartisan group of 26 senators of a new sanctions bill
AND
who controls the upper chamber’s calendar, to forestall any new sanctions legislation.
Obama will win the fight – failure undermines negotiations and leads to Middle East war
Merry 1/1
Robert W. Merry, political editor of the National Interest, is the author of books on American history and foreign policy, “Obama may buck the Israel lobby on Iran,” Washington Times, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/dec/31/merry-obama-may-buck-the-israel-lobby-on-iran/
Presidential press secretary Jay Carney uttered 10 words the other day that represent a major
AND
seen as being not quite what it has been cracked up to be.
Plan’s a loss – causes defection
Loomis 7
Dr. Andrew J. Loomis is a Visiting Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, and Department of Government at Georgetown University, “Leveraging legitimacy in the crafting of U.S. foreign policy”, March 2, 2007, pg 36-37, http://citation.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/7/9/4/8/pages179487/p179487-36.php
Declining political authority encourages defection. American political analyst Norman Ornstein writes of the domestic
AND
affects the character of U.S. policy, foreign and domestic.
Successful deal key to prevent war with Iran
Shank and Gould 9/12
Michael Shank, Ph.D., is director of foreign policy at the Friends Committee on National Legislation. Kate Gould is legislative associate for Middle East policy at FCNL, No Iran deal, but significant progress in Geneva, 9/12/13, http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/cause-conflict-conclusion/2013/nov/12/no-iran-deal-significant-progress-geneva/
Congress should welcome, not stubbornly dismiss, diplomatic efforts to finalize the interim accord
AND
Iran’s enrichment program as well as Congress’s obstructionism to a peaceful path forward.
US-Iran war causes global nuclear war and collapses the global economy  
Avery 11/6
John Scales, Lektor Emeritus, Associate Professor, at the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, since 1990 he has been the Contact Person in Denmark for Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, An Attack On Iran Could Escalate Into Global Nuclear War, 11/6/13, http://www.countercurrents.org/avery061113.htm
Despite the willingness of Iran's new President, Hassan Rouhani to make all reasonable concessions
AND
and future of all the peoples of the world, US citizens included.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wyoming HJ | Judge: Jason Russell
Immigration will pass – Obama PC is key
Lopez 1/1
Oscar, Latin Times, New Year 2014: 4 Reasons Immigration Reform Will Pass In 2014, 1/1/14, http://www.latintimes.com/new-year-2014-4-reasons-immigration-reform-will-pass-2014-141778
4. Leadership: As immigration reform comes to the fore, party leaders will
AND
, comprehensive legislation is one thing we can be sure of in 2014.
Two links – First Obama will fight the plan with a veto
Ackerman and Hathaway 11 – *Professor of Law and Political Science @ Yale, Professor of International Law @ Yale
(Bruce and Oona, “Limiting War and the Constitution, Michigan Law Review, vol 109, Lexis)
Finally, there is the statutory approach. Putting the rules on the statute ¶
AND
or Senate (or both) without the need for presidential ¶ approval.
Second – he’ll fight the plan with signing statements
Mork 6 – JD @ MSU
(Steven, “DISAPPROVING SIGNING STATEMENTS AND THE PRESENTMENT CLAUSE: WHEN WORDS SHOULD SPEAK LOUDER THAN ACTIONS,” http://www.law.msu.edu/king/2006/2006_Mork.pdf)
The current and conventional approach of the federal judiciary is to view a ¶ President’s
AND
for use at any time and, hence, remains a sleeping controversy.
This causes widespread Congressional backlash
Dean 6 – JD, Former Counsel to the President
(John, “The Problem with Presidential Signing Statements: Their Use and Misuse by the Bush Administration,” http://writ.lp.findlaw.com/dean/20060113.html)
But like steroids, signing statements ultimately lead to serious trouble.¶ Relying On Command
AND
/Cheney administration will wish it had not issued all those signing statements.
Reform key to competitiveness and growth
Trujillo and Melgoza 13
Mr. Trujillo is chairman of the Trujillo Group, LLC and co-chairman of the Latino Donor Collaborative. Mr. Melgoza is the CEO of Geoscape International Inc. The Economic—and Demographic—Case for Immigration Reform, 2/21/13, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323951904578290471589119346.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
Since the November election, there has been much talk in Washington and on the
AND
a coherent and enforceable immigration policy is in place and here to stay.
Nuclear war
Friedberg and Schoenfeld 8  
Aaron, Prof. Politics. And IR @ Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, and Gabriel, Senior Editor of Commentary and Wall Street Journal, “The Dangers of a Diminished America” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html
Then there are the dolorous consequences of a potential collapse of the world's financial architecture
AND
of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures.

Tournament: WSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor SW | Judge: Dan Stout
Obama is using PC to hold the line on Iran sanctions now
Haaretz 1/22
Will AIPAC-Obama sanctions clash dent pro-Israel lobby’s clout?, 1/22/14, http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/1.569900
In previous AIPAC vs. White House dustups, the pro-Israel lobbying group’s
AND
to say we’re not going to blink," said the Jewish organizational official.

Plan’s a loss – causes defection
Loomis 7
Dr. Andrew J. Loomis is a Visiting Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, and Department of Government at Georgetown University, “Leveraging legitimacy in the crafting of U.S. foreign policy”, March 2, 2007, pg 36-37, http://citation.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/7/9/4/8/pages179487/p179487-36.php
Declining political authority encourages defection. American political analyst Norman Ornstein writes of the domestic
AND
affects the character of U.S. policy, foreign and domestic. 

Successful deal key to prevent war with Iran
Shank and Gould 9/12
Michael Shank, Ph.D., is director of foreign policy at the Friends Committee on National Legislation. Kate Gould is legislative associate for Middle East policy at FCNL, No Iran deal, but significant progress in Geneva, 9/12/13, http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/cause-conflict-conclusion/2013/nov/12/no-iran-deal-significant-progress-geneva/
Congress should welcome, not stubbornly dismiss, diplomatic efforts to finalize the interim accord
AND
Iran’s enrichment program as well as Congress’s obstructionism to a peaceful path forward.

US-Iran war causes global nuclear war and collapses the global economy  
Avery 11/6
John Scales, Lektor Emeritus, Associate Professor, at the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, since 1990 he has been the Contact Person in Denmark for Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, An Attack On Iran Could Escalate Into Global Nuclear War, 11/6/13, http://www.countercurrents.org/avery061113.htm
Despite the willingness of Iran's new President, Hassan Rouhani to make all reasonable concessions
AND
and future of all the peoples of the world, US citizens included.

Tournament: WSU | Round: 5 | Opponent: KState MR | Judge: Justin Stanley
Obama will spend political capital on TPA now – creates bipartisan coalition for passage – key to US leadership and economic growth
Business Times Singapore 1/23
Chance for Obama to push trade agenda, 1/23/14, Lexis.
AS US President Barack Obama prepares to deliver his sixth State of the Union address
AND
presidency, but also strengthen US global leadership and boost the world economy.
Oversight is an extremely controversial issue in Congress – massive opposition to the plan
New York Daily News ‘13
Dan Hirschhorn, Reporter, February 10th, “DRONE STRIKES: Washington debates oversight”, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/drone-strikes-washington-debates-oversight-article-1.1259993
Lawmakers are deeply divided over whether the Obama administration's program of targeted drone strikes needs
AND
, that does not exist. … The oversight rules have been consistent.”
Losses prevent Democratic coalitions
Loomis 7
Dr. Andrew J. Loomis is a Visiting Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, and Department of Government at Georgetown University, “Leveraging legitimacy in the crafting of U.S. foreign policy”, March 2, 2007, pg 36-37, http://citation.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/7/9/4/8/pages179487/p179487-36.php
Declining political authority encourages defection. American political analyst Norman Ornstein writes of the domestic
AND
affects the character of U.S. policy, foreign and domestic.
Nuclear war
Friedberg and Schoenfeld 8  
Aaron, Prof. Politics. And IR @ Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, and Gabriel, Senior Editor of Commentary and Wall Street Journal, “The Dangers of a Diminished America” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html
Then there are the dolorous consequences of a potential collapse of the world's financial architecture
AND
of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures.