Tournament: Baby Jo Memorial | Round: 2 | Opponent: KCKCC MJ | Judge: Ryan Cheek
Harris, 12
(Paul "Drone attacks create terrorist safe haven" June 5, 2012, www.the gauardian.com/world/2012/jun/05/al-qaida-drone-attacks-too-broad)
Paul Harris (footnote 39) writes: "Now Robert Grenier, who headed
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the creation of a larger terrorist safe haven in Yemen," Grenier said."
*Second is HVT- Drone strikes rapidly increased under Obama and expanded to include strikes on more low level targets, this resulted in less effective strikes, killing fewer terrorist leaders
Hudson, 2013 (Leila, Colin S. Owens, Matt Flannes Hudson is associate professor at the University of Arizona and director of the Southwest Initiative for the Study of Middle East Conflicts. Owens and Fannes are research associates for SISMEC. "Drone Warfare" http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-way-war)
The use of armed drones by the United States has developed over nearly a decade
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to Pakistan after the 2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan. 9
The second phase, 2005-07, consisted of a slight increase in strikes but retained the same target set: high-value terrorist suspects. These attacks were conducted exclusively in Pakistan and followed the initial success of the program, defined by eliminating high-value targets. In 2005, the United States claimed it killed al-Qaeda’s number three, Hamza Rabia, but conflicting reports cast doubts on Rabia’s actual position and foreshadowed the ambiguity involved in targeting and identifying high-value targets.10
The third phase of drone warfare took place during the end of the Bush administration
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assessed in terms of the ratio of high-value to accidental kills.
As Figure 2 shows, the steady increase in drone attacks conducted in Pakistan between
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commander Ilyas al-Kashmiri in 2009 and again in June 2011 notwithstanding.
*Killing HVTs is the key internal link to destroying terrorist organizations and stopping violence
Price 12
(Bryan Price is a major in the U.S. Army and former Assistant Professor of Social Sciences at the U.S.
Military Academy. He will serve at the Asia-Paciªc Center for Security Studies starting in August 2012. "Targeting Top Terrorists" Spring, http://shakes31471.typepad.com/files/how-leadership-decapitation-contributes-to-counterterrorism.pdf)
In contrast, some scholars argue that decapitation acts as a deterrent. First,
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have ongoing consequences, rather than merely a short-term effect."124
Court review ensures that targets are High Value Targets and decrease civilian deaths, this solves for terror attacks.
Harman 13
(Jane Harman is director, president and chief executive officer of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. She was a nine-term congresswoman from California, the ranking Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee from 2002 to 2006, and a principal coauthor of the Intelligence Reform Law of 2004 and the FISA Amendments of 2008. Feb 19th, "Drone Courts Can Work" http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/02/19/harman-drone-courts-can-work/)
The FISA court, renamed the CT Court, could also oversee drones and cyber
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capacity and poses an imminent threat of violent attack against the United States.
Approved applications for drone strikes and cyberattacks would need to be renewed after a certain period, and discontinued if evidence is presented that the targets no longer meet the criteria. FISA provisions for emergency authorization in time-sensitive situations should also apply.
The concern about avoiding collateral damage in drone strikes is echoed in the FISA requirement to minimize exposure of U.S. persons and private information that may be incidentally acquired in the course of a foreign intelligence operation.
FISA also explicitly provides for congressional oversight by mandating that the intelligence and judiciary committees be kept fully informed. As an independent branch of government, Congress must conduct robust oversight.
In addition to adopting a FISA-like framework, one more major change should be made: All sustained drone and cyberattacks should be conducted by Department of Defense agencies. The CIA could then return to its more traditional missions, something CIA director nominee John Brennan has said he supports.
Vice President Biden likes to say that "our own strength lies not in the example of our power, but the power of our example." Showing the world that we run "remote-control warfare" consistent with our values will vastly improve our standing in the world – and our ability to win the argument with those who are considering whether to attack the United States. We can have liberty and security, or we can diminish both.
===Scenario 1- Pakistan===
====*Terrorism sparks Indo-Pak war====
SIFY News, May 5, 2009 ("Mumbai-like attack can trigger India-Pakistan war: Blackwill," http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?a=jffu9Ajgdfd26title=Mumbai_like_attack_can_trigger_India_Pakistan_war_Blackwill26tag=ambassador, CMH)
Describing the growing Talibanisation of Pakistan "as the most dangerous international situation since the 1962 Cuban missile crisis", former US ambassador to India Robert D Blackwill Tuesday said that another Mumbai-like attack could trigger a war between India and Pakistan.
"It is India that is continually attacked by terrorists based in Pakistan with the support of elements of the Pakistan military and today infiltration across the Line of Control (LoC) is increasing," Blackwill said in a lecture here titled "The future of India-US relations", organised by Aspen Institute India and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).
"It is India that Pakistan claims is illegally occupying Kashmir. And it is only India that could again find itself at war with Pakistan, triggered by another Mumbai-like attack," the former envoy said while alluding to Pakistan’s obsession with India.
*Current political conditions make it more likely that a terror attack will cause a war
Aanchal Anand 2012
(Anand is a graduate student at SAIS, Johns Hopkins University, pursuing her degree in International Economics and Russian and Eurasian Studies. She is an Associate Editor of the SAIS Review. "Countering Hidden Risks in the India-Pakistan Conflict" Winter-Spring, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sais/summary/v032/32.1.anand.html)
India will also hold national elections in 2014, which will create other complications.
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at a smaller scale, would almost certainly provoke an aggressive Indian response.
Pitt, 9
a New York Times and internationally bestselling author of two books: "War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn’t Want You to Know" and "The Greatest Sedition Is Silence."
(5/8/09, William, "Unstable Pakistan Threatens the World," http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=article26cat=commentary26article=2183)
But a suicide bomber in Pakistan rammed a car packed with explosives into a jeep
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to be gravely serious about addressing the situation. So should we all.
====The TTP is a threat capable of successful attacks on Pakistani military complexes- makes nuclear weapons vulnerable ====
Diaz 2012
(Linda Diaz, Peace, War and Defense Program The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill "Pakistan’s Nuclear Arsenals: A Threat to U.S. Security" Fall, http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Diaz20Pak20Nuclear.pdf)
Current attacks on Pakistan’s government agencies prove their security systems to be outdated and unreliable
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to be capable of penetrating even the most securely defended Pakistan military base."
Sid-Ahmed 4
(Mohamed, Managing Editor for Al-Ahali, "Extinction21" August 26-September 1, Issue no. 705, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm)
A nuclear attack by terrorists will be much more critical than Hiroshima and Nagazaki, even if — and this is far from certain — the weapons used are less harmful than those used then, Japan, at the time, with no knowledge of nuclear technology, had no choice but to capitulate. Today, the technology is a secret for nobody.
So far, except for the two bombs dropped on Japan, nuclear weapons have
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as the allegation that Saddam was harbouring WMD, proved to be unfounded.
What would be the consequences of a nuclear attack by terrorists? Even if it
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a different type of world order is imperative if humankind is to survive.
But the still more critical scenario is if the attack succeeds. This could lead to a third world war, from which no one will emerge victorious. Unlike a conventional war which ends when one side triumphs over another, this war will be without winners and losers. When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.
*AQAP is on the cusp of acquiring and using biological and chemical weapons in Yemen
Berger 12
(Lars Berger, Maurice Döring, Sven-Eric Fikenscher, Ahmed Saif, and Ahmed Al-Wahishi, s Berger is a Lecturer in ¶ Politics and Contemporary ¶ History of the Middle East¶ at the University of Salford/¶ Manchester, United Kingdom. He was an APSA Congressional Fellow in Washington, D.C. in 2002-03. Döring holds an MA in Political Science, International Law and Philosophy from the University of Bonn. Fikenscher is a Research Fellow at Goethe University, Frankfurt and was a Research Assistant at the Peace Research Institute Frankfurt in 2006–11.May 2012"Yemen and the Middle East Conference¶ The Challenge of Failing States ¶ and Transnational Terrorism" http://usir.salford.ac.uk/22952/1/Yemen_and_the_Middle_East_Conference.pdf)
Second, with a long history as one of the region’s eminent weapons markets,
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¶ producing biological and chemical material ¶ in remote areas under their control.
Biological terrorism threatens extinction
Clifford E. Singer, professor of nuclear engineering and director of the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, SWORDS AND PLOUGHSHARES, Spring 2001, p. http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/Research/S26Ps/2001-Sp/S26P_XIII/Singer.htm, accessed 5/6/2005.
There are, however, two technologies currently under development that may pose a
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connected human family may be in question when and if this is achieved.
Drone prolif is inevitable and happening NOW, political limits on use are changing and markets are deepening
Singer 13
Peter Singer is director of the Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence at the Brookings Institution. 19/06/2013 "The Proliferation of Drones" https://ip-journal.dgap.org/en/ip-journal/topics/proliferation-drones
Today the United States is ahead in the field of military robotics, and given that we spend the most money and make the most operational use of unmanned systems, we certainly should be. All told, there are over 8,000 drones in the U.S. military inventory and over 12,000 additional unmanned ground vehicles. A growing number are large and armed, including the MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reapers that get so much attention in the press.
There are currently 87 countries that have used drones militarily. Of these, at
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Daily, which followed discussions in Italy, France, and other countries.
Even Germany has gone down the path of first saying it wouldn’t use drones,
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Ms. Merkel said, ’will soon encompass the entire globe.’"
In short, when we talk about supposed futures, we usually ignore the reality
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three weapons exporting nations in the world, are very eager to enter.
US precedent undermines bans on assassinations and norms on the use of force
Boyle ’13 (Michael J. Boyle is an assistant professor of political science at La Salle University, and former counterterrorism advisor for Obama. "The costs and consequences of drone warfare" http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf)
Third, lethal drones create the possibility that the norms on the use of force
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the legal and evidentiary difficulties associated with giving them a fair trial.147
Micah Zenko 13
(Douglas Dillon Fellow at Council on Foreign Relations January 2013 "Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies" Council on Foreign Relations i.cfr.org)
History shows that how states adopt and use new military capabili- ties is often influenced by how other states have—or have not—used them in the past. Furthermore, norms can deter states from acquiring new technologies.72 Norms—sometimes but not always codified as legal regimes—have dissuaded states from deploying blinding lasers and landmines, as well as chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons. A
Recommendations25
well-articulated and internationally supported normative framework, bolstered by a strong U.
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the future, the United States should undertake the following specific policy recommendations.
Mitchell A. Chester, an attorney and civic activist Failsafe Revisited…Psychology and Robotic Delivery of the Bomb 12/26/2009 d.a. 7-25-10
http://sharedemergency.wordpress.com/2009/12/26/failsafe-revisited-psychology-and-robotic-delivery-of-the-bomb/
Tactical conventional weapon drones are currently used with precision impact against terrorist operations in Pakistan
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. Despite issues of "collateral damage," such drones are highly effective.
As nations assess future military capabilities, it is not surprising that strategic use of drones (including such devices with tactical nuclear weapons) is on mankind’s doorstep. But crossing the tactical/strategic nuclear boundary when considering robotic air warfare is a threshold that we dare not cross. Before it gets too late, this technology should be arrested, contained and outlawed on a planetary scale.
Recent open discussion in the military press has centered on whether strategic bombers should be
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serious debate, as the world is embarking into uncharted intellectual killing territory.
According to PW Singer in his TED talk of February, 2009, robotic war
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can save lives, but nuclear equipped robotics can help end all life.
US Legal standards are the best way to create norms regarding targeted strike technologies among both US allies and adversaries by raising the costs of misuse
Anderson and Waxman 13
(Kenneth Anderson-American University- Washington College of Law ; Stanford University - The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace; Brookings Institution - Governance Studies, Mathew Waxman- Columbia Law School, "Law and ethics for Autonomous weapon Systems Why a Ban Won’t Work and How the Laws of War Can" April 10, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2250126)
Given all of these risks, and to promote many other interests as well,
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selling, or using autonomous lethal systems that run afoul of these standards.
A better approach than treaties for addressing these systems is the gradual development of internal
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sustained effort combining internal ethical and legal scrutiny and external diplomacy and collaboration.
For its part, the government of the United States must resist two extreme instincts
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autonomous weapons, whether those of the United States or those of others.
Kristin Roberts 13
(Roberts is News Editor for National Journal she holds a master’s degree in security studies from Georgetown University. March 22, 2013 "When the Whole World Has Drones" http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/when-the-whole-world-has-drones-20130321)
Berteau is not alone. Zenko, of the Council on Foreign Relations, has
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angles on this question are why you see them in conflict right now."
That’s in part a symptom of the "technological optimism" that often plagues the U.S. security community when it establishes a lead over its competitors, noted Georgetown University’s Kai-Henrik Barth. After the 1945 bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the United States was sure it would be decades before the Soviets developed a nuclear-weapon capability. It took four years.
With drones, the question is how long before the dozens of states with the
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nations have gone down the pathway of first only surveillance and then arming."
The opportunity to write rules that might at least guide, if not restrain,
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—to be closer to certain that their target is the right one.
But even without raising standards, tightening up drone-specific restrictions in the standing
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, or 15 years—might find helpful in arguing against another’s actions.
Court review of targeted killing prevents civilian casualties and increases international credibility
Epistein 11
(Michael Epstein- Michigan State University College of Law "Targeted Killing Court: Why The United States Needs To Adopt International Legal Standards For Targeted Killings And How To Do So In A Domestic Court" Spring, http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=100326context=michael_epstein)
Section 102 – Targeted Killing Order. This section would provide the process for how
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transmitted under seal, and only opened in camera during appropriate judicial review.
The section also provides for a statement certifying permission needed, if any, from
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could help preserve our reputation and standing within and among the international community.
Judged are uniquely situated to provide a check on targeted killing, judicial action will reduce civilian casualties and increase legitimacy
Adelsberg 13
(Samuel S. Adelsberg is a J.D. Candidate 2013, Yale Law School, "Bouncing the Executive’s Blank Check:
Judicial Review and the Targeting of Citizens" http://www3.law.harvard.edu/journals/hlpr/files/2013/06/Bouncing-the-Executives-Blank-Check.pdf)
Rather, as recognized by the Founders in the Fourth Amendment, balancing the needs
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ideal candidates to ensure that the executive exercises constitutional restraint when targeting citizens.
Reforming the decision-making process for executing American citizens to allow for judicial oversight
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, we¶ will turn to what this judicial involvement would look like.
