Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Baylor BW | Judge: Chief
Offensive Cyber Operations by the U.S. are increasing, disclosure of attacks haven’t deterred further offensive action, but, government officials still have no comment while continuing to push other countries to terminate their own programs
Obama hasn’t been deterred by the disclosure of American led Offensive cyber operations
SANGER, 8/31/13, (David E. Sanger, “Budget Documents Detail Extent of U.S. Cyberoperations”, Online, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/01/world/americas/documents-detail-cyberoperations-by-us.html?_r=0) tKK

WASHINGTON — Newly disclosed
focused on offensive operations.

In an attempt to securitize itself from the adversarial threats it has produced, the U.S. has authorized the use of OCEOs “in circumstances where the identity and nationality of the adversary are uncertain”
Martin, 6/10/2013, (Patrick Martin, “Obama’s “Cyberwarfare First Strike”: Using Offensive Cyber Effects Operations (OCEO) to Destabilize Countries”, Online, The Centre for Research on Globalization, http://www.globalresearch.ca/obamas-cyberwarfare-first-strike-using-offensive-cyber-effects-operations-oceo-to-destabilize-countries/5338457
The US government is developing
any actual proof of the linkage.
Threat construction is not inevitable but the U.S. desire to maintain order creates that threat by allying themselves with a regime and then constructing that regime as a threat when they are no longer of strategic importance
—Iran is our example—
The U.S. originally backed the Iranian nuclear  program
Foad Izadi and Hakimeh Saghaye-Biria. 2007. Iran's Nuclear ProgramA Discourse Analysis of Elite American Newspaper Editorials: The Case of Iran’s Nuclear Program. http://jci.sagepub.com/content/31/2/140.full.pdf+html. Journal of communication inquiry. PHD from Louisiana State University. 

Iran’s logic for starting a
to be operational in the 1990s (Howard, 2004). 

The U.S. chose to respond to changing alliances by deploying the cyber equivalent of an atom bomb—the Stuxnet virus—the mission was an attempt to destroy Iran’s “proliferation attempts”, Stuxnet created a new era of warfare
JON R. LINDSAY. 2013. Stuxnet and the Limits of Cyber Warfare. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09636412.2013.816122. Assistant Research Directory at University of Cal, San Diego. PHD in Pol Science from MIT

Computer security experts have
, “These ‘mines’ could lead to a new Chernobyl.”7                 
U.S. actions to contain the Iranian nuclear bomb threat replicate Orientalism
Izadi and Saghaye-Biria ‘07
2007, Foad Izadi (doctoral student in communication) and Hakimeh Saghaye-Biria (master’s student in mass communication @ Louisiana State University), Journal of Communication Inquiry, Vol 31, No 2

This study supports Karim
media criticism  of official policies.
This type of threat construction produces an otherizing discourse that allows the U.S. to Maintain its position of power by affirming its rationality and erasing any part of the non-western world that doesn’t have value to it by constructing it as driven by irrational impulses
Gusterson ‘99
Gusterson, Hugh. “Nuclear Weapons and the Other in Western Imagination” Cultural Anthropology, 14.1. Feb 1999. http://www.jstor.org/stable/656531 accessed august 17, 2009.

Thus in Western discourse
is also to be found in U.S. national security discourse.

The impact is perpetual war -- racist dichotomies create Otherization that normalizes us to violence – war becomes inevitable
Mendieta ‘02
Eduardo Mendieta, 2002, “To Make Live and to Let Die – Foucault and Racism

This is where racism intervenes, not from without,
then these threat and foes are biological in nature.
Must reject every instance of racism, or else all violence is justified
Memmi, Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Paris 97 –
(Albert, RACISM, 1997, p. 163. (DRGCL/B1048)

The struggle against racism
we cannot fail to rise to the racist challenge.

Racism outweighs your impact turns and is the root cause of all existential threats to civilization. (going for the status quo creates a counterculture of denial that crushes the foundation of civilization)
Mohan 93
Brij Mohan, Professor at LSU, ECLIPSE OF FREEDOM 1993, p. 3-4. (DRGCL/B1049)
Metaphors of existence symbolize
of the mega-crisis that we are concerned about.

Tyler and I advocate a critical scholarly analysis of the President of the United States' war powers authority to conduct offensive cyber operations.

Critical analysis of policy discourse is a prerequisite to effective policy implementation- failure to expose assumptions reinforces existing hierarchies and justifies illegitimate use of power.
SINGER 89 (Joseph William, Associate Professor Boston University of Law, Duke Law Journal)
Spelman argues that the
privilege lodges in our thought.

Scholarly analysis of the United States imperialist and orientalist practices as they relate to macro level politics is key to interrogate the origins imperialism and the security agenda within the political and education realm and separate ourselves from them
Shome ‘06
Raka Shome, “Postcolonial Interventions in the Rhetorical Canon: An “Other” View”, Communication Theory, March 17 2006, Wiley interscience
The importance of a postcolonial
 legitimized in political, cultural, and social discourses.

Foregrounding epistemological questions is the best, most politically productive way to debate – analytical investigation of the resolution that excludes epistemological reflection is ethically bankrupt and prone to failure. Producing policy knowledge without epistemological reflection makes replication of state hierarchies inevitable and ensures our scholarship only bottlenecks into tried-and-failed policy models.
Steve Smith, Professor and Pro-Vice Chancellor in the Department of International Studies at the University of Wales- Aberystwyth, 1997, Review of International Studies, Vol. 23, p. 514-516
In my view, Wallace
which we work and to which we are responsible. 

The law is built by and for elites in order to maintain the status quo—There is zero emancipatory potential without the affirmative’s interrogation of U.S. practices that perpetuate the desire to maintain order
Gordon, 1998 (Robert, President and  Professor of Law at the New College of Cal, in The Politics of Law: A Progressive Critique, ed. David Kairys, P. 647 - 50 , Questia)

In any case, once one begins to focus
playing the abstract social roles of "owner," "employee," etc. 

Instrumental reasoning denies intrinsic value to other beings and the natural world which legitimates the practices and institutionalization of war, structural violence, and environmental destruction  
Chwastiaka and Lehmanb, 2k8
Michele University of New Mexico, Anderson School of Management, United States, Glen, School of Accounting, University of South Australia, “Accounting for war,” Accounting Forum,Volume 32, Issue 4, December 2008, Pages 313–326
Many peace researchers argue that
value of others starting with expansionistic logic of capitalism. 

The traditional debate framework restricts practice and agency to only those issues that fit on the official agendas of policymakers – the history of security politics in the Middle East proves that this restrictive definition of the political is responsible for the marginalization of entire populations and results in a cycle of policy failure. Our affirmative gives Iran as an example and is necessary to broaden conceptions of security and agency.
Pinar Bilgin, Professor of International Relations at Bilkent University, Ankara, 2005, Regional Security in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective, p. 49-51
The positions of Gray and Garnett
the system hiding behind a notion of 'objectivity'.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: USC | Judge: Jishnu Guha-Majumdar
Through the façade of legal restraint security policies have created grey holes of executive action—creating a deeply rooted security state with implied popular consent
Osborn 2008 (Timothy, Baker Ferguson Professor of Politics and Leadership at Whitman College, “We are all Torturers now: Accountability after Abu Ghraib” Theory and Event  Volume 11, Issue 2 JK)

The examples cited in this section
of its exercise ever less likely.
The result is guaranteed policy failure via an orthodox liberal IR that securitizes and militarizes policy responses that makes all major global crises inevitable
Ahmed 2012, (Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed, January 5th 2012, “Global Change, Peace and Security: formerly Pacifica Review: Peace Security and Global Change”, ONLINE, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14781158.2011.601854) tKK
The twenty-first century heralds
 culminate in violent conflict.

The orientalist rhetoric inherent in OCO policy can be seen in current threat construction of China (among others) justified by an executive policy that has authorized the use of OCOs “in circumstances where the identity and nationality of the adversary are uncertain”
Martin, 6/10/2013, (Patrick Martin, “Obama’s “Cyberwarfare First Strike”: Using Offensive Cyber Effects Operations (OCEO) to Destabilize Countries”, Online, The Centre for Research on Globalization, http://www.globalresearch.ca/obamas-cyberwarfare-first-strike-using-offensive-cyber-effects-operations-oceo-to-destabilize-countries/5338457
The US government is developing
without providing any actual proof of the linkage.

But—Threat construction not inevitable, it is the result of the U.S. desire to maintain order that rhetorically creates threats when a regime is longer of strategic importance
—Iran is our example—
The U.S. originally backed the Iranian nuclear  program
Foad Izadi and Hakimeh Saghaye-Biria. 2007. Iran's Nuclear ProgramA Discourse Analysis of Elite American Newspaper Editorials: The Case of Iran’s Nuclear Program. http://jci.sagepub.com/content/31/2/140.full.pdf+html. Journal of communication inquiry. PHD from Louisiana State University. 

Iran’s logic for starting a
operational in the 1990s (Howard, 2004). 

The U.S. choose to respond to changing alliances by deploying the cyber equivalent of an atom bomb—the Stuxnet virus—the mission was an attempt to destroy Iran’s “proliferation attempts”, Stuxnet created a new era of unending warfare
JON R. LINDSAY. 2013. Stuxnet and the Limits of Cyber Warfare. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09636412.2013.816122. Assistant Research Directory at University of Cal, San Diego. PHD in Pol Science from MIT

Computer security experts have
“These ‘mines’ could lead to a new Chernobyl.”7                 
U.S. actions to contain the Iranian nuclear bomb threat replicate Orientalism
Izadi and Saghaye-Biria ‘07
2007, Foad Izadi (doctoral student in communication) and Hakimeh Saghaye-Biria (master’s student in mass communication @ Louisiana State University), Journal of Communication Inquiry, Vol 31, No 2

This study supports Karim (2000) and
 of media criticism  of official policies.
This type of threat construction produces an otherizing discourse that allows the U.S. to maintain its position of power by affirming its rationality while characterizing the non-western world as driven by irrational impulses
Gusterson ‘99
Gusterson, Hugh. “Nuclear Weapons and the Other in Western Imagination” Cultural Anthropology, 14.1. Feb 1999. http://www.jstor.org/stable/656531 accessed august 17, 2009.

Thus in Western discourse nuclear
found in U.S. national security discourse.

The impact is perpetual war -- racist dichotomies create otherization that normalizes us to violence – war becomes inevitable
Mendieta ‘02
Eduardo Mendieta, 2002, “To Make Live and to Let Die – Foucault and Racism

This is where racism intervenes,
and foes are biological in nature.
Must reject every instance of racism, or else all violence is justified
Memmi, Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Paris 97 –
(Albert, RACISM, 1997, p. 163. (DRGCL/B1048)

The struggle against racism will be long,
we cannot fail to rise to the racist challenge.

Racism outweighs your impact turns and is the root cause of all existential threats to civilization. (going for the status quo creates a counterculture of denial that crushes the foundation of civilization)
Mohan 93
Brij Mohan, Professor at LSU, ECLIPSE OF FREEDOM 1993, p. 3-4. (DRGCL/B1049)
Metaphors of existence symbolize
mega-crisis that we are concerned about.

Tyler and I advocate a critical scholarly analysis of the President of the United States' war powers authority to conduct offensive cyber operations through rhetorical critique.

The only way out of the gray hole of executive action is to begin with examining the rhetorical moves that make the national security bureaucracy possible in the first place—We must start not with tinkering with policy, but with a rhetorical critique of the bureaucratic system
O’Saas 2012 (William, PSU Communication, “Critique of Charasmatic Violence” Symploke, Vol 20, 1-2)

In The Language of War:
 Such is the task of the following section.¶ 

Critical analysis is a prereq to effective policy implementation- failure to expose assumptions reinforces existing hierarchies
SINGER 89 (Joseph William, Associate Professor Boston University of Law, Duke Law Journal)
Spelman argues that the
where privilege lodges in our thought.

Scholarly analysis of the United States imperialist and orientalist practices as they relate to macro level politics is key to interrogate and the security agenda within the political and education realm and separate ourselves from them
Shome ‘06
Raka Shome, “Postcolonial Interventions in the Rhetorical Canon: An “Other” View”, Communication Theory, March 17 2006, Wiley interscience
The importance of a postcolonial
 political, cultural, and social discourses.

Traditional debate framework restricts practice and agency to only those issues that fit on the official agendas of policymakers –this restrictive definition of the political is responsible for the marginalization of entire populations and results in a cycle of policy failure. Our affirmative gives Iran as an example and is necessary to broaden conceptions of security and agency.
Pinar Bilgin, Professor of International Relations at Bilkent University, Ankara, 2005, Regional Security in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective, p. 49-51
The positions of Gray and Garnett regarding
system hiding behind a notion of 'objectivity'.  

Instrumental reasoning denies intrinsic value to other beings and the natural world which legitimates the practices and institutionalization of war, structural violence, and environmental destruction  
Chwastiaka and Lehmanb, 2k8
Michele University of New Mexico, Anderson School of Management, United States, Glen, School of Accounting, University of South Australia, “Accounting for war,” Accounting Forum,Volume 32, Issue 4, December 2008, Pages 313–326
Many peace researchers argue that the sources for
with expansionistic logic of capitalism. 

Foregrounding epistemological questions is the best-–analytical investigation of the resolution that excludes epistemological reflection is ethically bankrupt and prone to failure. Policy knowledge without epistemological reflection makes replication of state hierarchies inevitable
Steve Smith, Professor and Pro-Vice Chancellor in the Department of International Studies at the University of Wales- Aberystwyth, 1997, Review of International Studies, Vol. 23, p. 514-516
In my view, Wallace misrepresents the relationship
of policy-makers as the starting points of analysis.