Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
1 - Topicality/Procedurals
2 - Disadvantages
3 - Counterplans
4 - Kritiks
5 - Case Arguments

Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa CL | Judge: Heather Walters
Introducing “armed forces” into hostilities only refers to US soldiers and members of the armed forces, not weapons systems or capabilities
Lorber, J.D. Candidate of UPenn and Ph.D. Candidate at Duke in Poli Sci, 13
(Eric, “EXECUTIVE WARMAKING AUTHORITY AND OFFENSIVE CYBER OPERATIONS: CAN EXISTING LEGISLATION SUCCESSFULLY CONSTRAIN PRESIDENTIAL POWER?,” Journal of Constitutional Law 15(3):961-1002, accessed 8-14-13 Bosley)
As discussed above, … the War Powers Resolution.

Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa CL | Judge: Heather Walters
Restriction on authority must limit presidential discretion
Lobel, 08
(Jules, Professor of Law, University of Pittsburgh Law School, “Conflicts Between the Commander in Chief and Congress: Concurrent Power over the Conduct of War” 392 OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL Vol. 69:391, http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/04/69.3.lobel_.pdf)
So  too, the congressional power to declare or authorize war has been long held to permit Congress to authorize and wage a limited war—“limited in place, in objects, and in time.” 63 When Congress places …. by President Bush himself.64

Tournament: USC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Weber State ST | Judge: Jim Schultz
“The United States federal government should” means the debate is solely about hypothetical policy action
Ericson et al. 03
(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts at California Polytechnic State University, 2003, “The Debater’s Guide,” Third Edition,” p. 7, accessed via Google Books on 3-29-12 Bosley)
The Proposition of Policy: … that you propose.

Congress enacts “statutory restrictions” and federal judiciary imposes “judicial restrictions”
Peterson 91 – Associate Professor of Law at the George Washington University National Law Center
(Todd D. Peterson, B.A. 1973, Brown University; J.D. 1976, University of Michigan, Book Review: The Law And Politics Of Shared National Security Power -- A Review Of The National Security Constitution: Sharing Power After The Iran-Contra Affair by Harold Hongju Koh, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. 1990. Pp. x, 330, March, 1991 59 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 747)
Based on both …  take effective action.

 “War powers authority of the President” refers to Commander in Chief power to deploy military force
Bejesky 12 (Robert, M.A. Political Science (Michigan), M.A. Applied Economics (Michigan), LL.M. International Law (Georgetown). The author has taught international law courses for Cooley Law School and the Department of Political Science at the University of Michigan, American government and constitutional law courses for Alma College, and business law courses at Central Michigan University and the University of Miami, WAR POWERS PURSUANT TO FALSE PERCEPTIONS AND ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION IN THE "ZONE OF TWILIGHT,” St. Mary's Law Journal, 44 St. Mary's L. J. 1, lexis)
V. CONCLUSION¶ The roles of war … nearly two centuries.

Stasis – there’s a limitless number of alternative frameworks outside of instrumental defense of the resolution which are unpredictable and unmanageable for the neg’s research burden – a focus on a specific policy action provides a limited topic of discussion and equitable ground for productive clash
Steinberg and Freeley 08
(David L. – Lecturer of Communication Studies at the University of Miami, and Austin – Criminal, Personal Injury, and Civil Rights Law Attorney, “Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making,” 12th Edition, http://www.scribd.com/doc/54200547/Argumentation, p43-45, accessed 7-18-12 Bosley)
Debate is a … the following discussion.

Switch-side debate – detachment in debate for sake of deliberation is productive by guaranteeing clash and teaching epistemic modesty – any reason the resolution is bad or insufficient is a reason to vote neg
Haskell 90 – Professor of History at Rice University
(May, Thomas, History and Theory, 29.2, “Objectivity is Not Neutrality: Rhetoric vs. Practice in Peter Novick’s That Noble Dream”, p. 129-157)
Detachment functions in …. their perceived merits

Policy Education – simulations of specific war powers policies preserves student agency while enhancing decision-making and ability to actualize real-world change
Donahue 13 – Associate Professor of Law at Georgetown
(Laura K., “National Security Law Pedagogy and the Role of Simulations”, 4-11-13, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/National-Security-Law-Pedagogy-and-the-Role-of-Simulations.pdf)
The concept of simulations …, for the years to come.

Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa CL | Judge: Heather Walters
Interp-- Restrictions are prohibitions
Court of Appeals  12  
(STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, DIVISION I, RANDALL KINCHELOE Appellant. vs. Respondent, BRIEF OF APPELLANT, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/a01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe's.pdf)
3. The ordinary definition … suppress, to curb.

Tournament: USC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Weber SS | Judge: Tom Boroujeni

1. Restriction is a prohibition
   Northglenn 11 (City of Northglenn Zoning Ordinance, “Rules of Construction – Definitions”, http://www.northglenn.org/municode/ch11/content_11-5.html)
   Section 11-5-3. Restrictions. As used in … any permit or license.

2. They must be a direct restriction ON war powers authority
Supreme Court of Canada 96
(1996 S.C.J. No. 46, File No.: 23802,http://www.mandellpinder.com/pdf/cases/R-v-Lewis-1996-1-SCR-921.pdf)
The appellants submit … adjacent to the reserve".

Decreasing authority requires the action of an external agent – they must advocate restricting the authority of the president
Hohfeld 19, Yale Law Professor
(Wesley, http://www.hku.hk/philodep/courses/law/HohfeldRights.htm)
Many examples of … law of agency.

Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa CL | Judge: Heather Walters
Immigration gets passed now with Boehner’s support but his PC and focus is key—need to get conservative Republicans on board
Jacoby, 12/26
(Tamar, writer for CNN, "Big surprise ahead in 2014", December 26, www.cnn.com/2013/12/26/opinion/jacoby-immigration-2014/index.html?hpt=po_c1 NL)
So what's blocking … short of citizenship.

The plan resparks Congressional fights over war powers that steals focus and drains political capital
Cohen, 11
(Tom, CNN Wire News editor. “Debate over war powers re-emerges in Congress, courts” 7-16-11 http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/06/17/war.powers.libya/index.html//wyoccd)
Washington (CNN) -- An endless Washington … on the process.

Obama will also fight the plan
Silverstein, 9
Gordon Silverstein, UC Berkeley Assistant Professor, December 2009, Bush, Cheney, and the Separation of Powers: A Lasting Legal Legacy?, http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1161andcontext=schmooze_papers
Less than six months … for his claims.

Immigration is key to the economy
Miller, 13
(Jonathan, JD from Harvard Law School and former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, "Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform", 2/7, www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html NL)
When it comes … far too low.

Decline causes nuclear war
Merlini, 11
(Cesare Merlini 11, nonresident senior fellow at the Center on the United States and Europe and chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Italian Institute for International Affairs, May 2011, “A Post-Secular World?”, Survival, Vol. 53, No. 2)
Two neatly opposed …as unbridled nationalism.

Tournament: USC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Weber SS | Judge: Tom Boroujeni
Al Qaeda is weak now but hasn’t given up—they’ll recover if we let them
McLaughlin, 13
(John McLaughlin was a CIA officer for 32 years and served as deputy director and acting director from 2000-2004. He currently teaches at the Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and is a Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, ¶ 06:00 AM ET¶ Terrorism at a moment of transition7/12, http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/12/terrorism-at-a-moment-of-transition/)
A third major … a war, not two ..."

The plan guarantees they recover—changes in executive authority to conduct war guarantees terrorism
Yoo, 12
(John Yoo, deputy assistant attorney general from 2001 to 2003, professor at the University of California at Berkeley School of Law, February 1, 2012, “War Powers Belong to the President,” ABA Journal, http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/war_powers_belong_to_the_president)
Congress’ track record … we make war.

That causes extinction
Speice, 06
(Speice, JD Candidate @ College of William and Mary Patrick F. Speice, Jr., “Negligence And Nuclear Nonproliferation: Eliminating The Current Liability Barrier To Bilateral U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation Assistance Programs,” William and Mary Law Review, February 2006, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427)
Accordingly, there is a … of nuclear weapons

Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Iowa CL | Judge: Heather Walters
Simulating images of hyper-violence anesthetizes us to real death and produces a culture of structural violence that makes infinite destruction appear desirable
Giroux 12 (Henry A Giroux, Frequent author on pedagogy in the public sphere, Truthout, “Youth in Revolt: The Plague of State-Sponsored Violence,” March 14, 2012, http://truth-out.org/index.php?option=com_k2andview=itemandid=7249:youth-in-revolt-the-plague-of-statesponsored-violence)
One consequence is … for seeking pleasure.

Our alt is to vote neg to embrace a pedagogy outside of violent spectacles. Without it, continuously violence becomes desirable and militarizes the public sphere—we are a pre-requisite to solve their offense.
Giroux 12 (Henry A Giroux, Frequent author on pedagogy in the public sphere, Truthout, “Youth in Revolt: The Plague of State-Sponsored Violence,” March 14, 2012, http://truth-out.org/index.php?option=com_k2andview=itemandid=7249:youth-in-revolt-the-plague-of-statesponsored-violence)
As the social … and act on.
?
And the affirmative is specifically guilty—the preemptive arrangement primes the debate space and transforms the terrain into a battlefield to be mobilized against looming threat
Massumi and Rice 10 (Brian, professor of philosophy at EGS and communications at the University of Montreal, and Charles, “The Space-Time of Pre-Emption: An Interview with Brian Massumi” retrieved 11/10/13 R.C.)
Massumi suggests that … more menacingly looming.’

Tournament: USC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Weber SS | Judge: Tom Boroujeni
The 1AC is a manifestation of the ego, creating The Eeyore Effect: negativity to a degree that disillusions the individual from believing they are powerless. This creates more negativity and recreates the same impacts
Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 55-58,1992)
The Eeyore Effect … powerless, they are.

The Ego is the root cause of all forms of suffering and oppression, only by embracing the Te can we return to harmony that existed thousands of years ago
Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 13-16,1992) {gender neutral phrasing added by JMU Debate in }
Thousands of years … only partially understood. 

The alternative is to become like Piglet, embracing the Very Small Animal inside us and rejecting the Ego. The Alt allows us to become closer to the Age of Perfect Virtue, solving all impacts
Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 19-21,1992)
Taoism is classically … harmony with Tao.

Tournament: USC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Weber State ST | Judge: Jim Schultz
Instrumental focus on restraining executive violence through the norms of sovereignty effaces the political economy of colonial governmentality which makes violent exceptionalism and circumvention possible – the 1AC’s securitized politics sanitizes the operation of the President as Colonial Overlord and produces complacency and museumification of mass violence that leads us to desire the worst excesses of war powers
Dutton 10 – Professor of Politics at Goldsmiths, University of London
(Michael, “The paradoxical after-life of colonial governmentality,” Social Identities, September 2010, 16(5):638-649, accessed 12-3-13 Bosley)
This is because … ‘ the after-life ’ of colonial governmentality.
?
?
Failure to grapple with indigenous genocide sets the foundation for serial policy failure in imperialist campaigns which culminate in extinction
Street 4
(Paul Street, phD in History from Binghamton, march 11, “Those Who Deny the Crimes of the Past,” http://www.zcommunications.org/those-who-deny-the-crimes-of-the-past-by-paul-street shree)
It is especially … who came to destroy.
?
The alternative is to abandon the political and epistemological basis of the affirmative – challenging the 1AC’s framework of interpretation of the world is a prerequisite to ethical politics and decision-making outside the death group of Western metaphysics
Deloria Jr. 99 – Member of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and Professor at University of Colorado Boulder
(Vine, also Former Executive Director for the National Congress of American Indians and former Professor of Political Science and Law at the University of Arizona, For This Land: Writing on Religion in America, p. 101-7, Mabrey/Bosley)
If there were … tools For gain- ing knowledge.